BR102020005233A2 - ADJUSTMENT PROCESS OF IRRIGATION WATER VISCOSITY VIA POLYMER ADDITION - Google Patents
ADJUSTMENT PROCESS OF IRRIGATION WATER VISCOSITY VIA POLYMER ADDITION Download PDFInfo
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- BR102020005233A2 BR102020005233A2 BR102020005233-0A BR102020005233A BR102020005233A2 BR 102020005233 A2 BR102020005233 A2 BR 102020005233A2 BR 102020005233 A BR102020005233 A BR 102020005233A BR 102020005233 A2 BR102020005233 A2 BR 102020005233A2
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- water
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- viscosity
- irrigation water
- polymer addition
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000658379 Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 carbomethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/32—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water with artificial enrichment, e.g. by adding water from a pond or a river
- E03B3/34—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water with artificial enrichment, e.g. by adding water from a pond or a river of underground water
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
processo de ajuste da viscosidade da água de irrigação via adição de polímero. a presente invenção refere-se ao uso de fontes poliméricas para aumento da viscosidade da água, modificando o comportamento fluidodinâmico durante a aplicação da água de irrigação. através da adição de uma fonte polimérica na água em tanques apropriados, tem-se a modificação da viscosidade aumentando o tempo de residência durante a percolação da água, tornando o solo um reservatório dágua e melhorando sua resistência mecânica, reduzindo assim a taxa de erosão do solo.process of adjusting the viscosity of irrigation water via polymer addition. The present invention relates to the use of polymeric sources to increase the viscosity of water, modifying the fluid dynamic behavior during the application of irrigation water. through the addition of a polymeric source to the water in appropriate tanks, the viscosity is modified, increasing the residence time during water percolation, making the soil a water reservoir and improving its mechanical resistance, thus reducing the erosion rate of the soil. ground.
Description
[001] A presente invenção refere-se ao uso de fontes poliméricas para aumento da viscosidade da água, modificando o comportamento fluidodinâmico durante a aplicação da água de irrigação. Através da adição de uma fonte polimérica na água em tanques apropriados, tem-se a modificação da viscosidade aumentando o tempo de residência durante a percolação da água, tornando o solo um reservatório d’água e melhorando sua resistência mecânica, reduzindo assim a taxa de erosão do solo.[001] The present invention refers to the use of polymeric sources to increase the viscosity of water, modifying the fluid dynamic behavior during the application of irrigation water. By adding a polymeric source to the water in appropriate tanks, there is a change in viscosity, increasing the residence time during water percolation, making the soil a water reservoir and improving its mechanical resistance, thus reducing the rate of soil erosion.
[002] O solo é a camada superficial da crosta terrestre. Resultado do intemperismo de rochas ao longo de milhares de anos, devido a ação de chuvas e calor do Sol, e em conjunto com deposição de matéria orgânica formando o substrato, que será a fonte para o crescimento de plantas para o cultivo. Dentro deste processo, ocorrem dois problemas relevantes. A falta de água para o cultivo, devido às perdas por evapotranspiração e erosão do solo.[002] Soil is the surface layer of the earth's crust. Result of weathering of rocks over thousands of years, due to the action of rain and heat from the Sun, and together with deposition of organic matter forming the substrate, which will be the source for the growth of plants for cultivation. Within this process, two relevant problems occur. Lack of water for cultivation, due to losses from evapotranspiration and soil erosion.
[003] Durante o uso da água de irrigação, o fenômeno da evapotranspiração ocorre. Reduzindo a produtividade agrícola e custos de produção. A água usada na irrigação se perde devido a evaporação durante a aspersão de culturas e devido a correntes de vento local. A água que chega à superfície do solo, parte se perde devido ao escoamento superficial, não penetrando no local aplicado. A outra parte devido a permeabilidade do solo perde-se também devido a percolação para o lençol freático. Somente uma parte da água fica efetivamente no solo para fornecer água para o sistema radicular das plantas, estima-se uma perda de 35% da água durante a irrigação.[003] During the use of irrigation water, the phenomenon of evapotranspiration occurs. Reducing agricultural productivity and production costs. Water used in irrigation is lost due to evaporation during crop spraying and due to local wind currents. Part of the water that reaches the soil surface is lost due to surface runoff, not penetrating the applied location. The other part, due to soil permeability, is also lost due to percolation to the water table. Only a part of the water effectively remains in the soil to supply water to the plants' root system, an estimated 35% loss of water during irrigation.
[004] Uma técnica desenvolvida na década de 1970 em Israel é a irrigação por gotejamento, sendo que a aplicação da água é localizada na planta (GB1392000). Evitando perdas, estima uma redução das perdas em 50%, quando se compara a técnica convencional por aspersão. Essa técnica permite adicionar a água correta para cada cultura, além de usar aditivos na água (nutrientes), a patente de 1975 US3910500 mostra o uso de aditivos, chamado de fertirrigação. Reduz a erosão do solo, devido à redução de água de aplicação. O problema desta técnica é o alto custo de investimento de implantação, maior gasto com tubos e mangueiras, custo de manutenção alto devido ao desgaste das mangueiras.[004] A technique developed in the 1970s in Israel is drip irrigation, where the application of water is located on the plant (GB1392000). Avoiding losses, it estimates a reduction of losses by 50%, when compared to the conventional sprinkler technique. This technique allows you to add the correct water for each crop, in addition to using additives in the water (nutrients), the 1975 patent US3910500 shows the use of additives, called fertigation. Reduces soil erosion due to reduced application water. The problem with this technique is the high investment cost of implantation, greater expense with tubes and hoses, high maintenance cost due to the wear of the hoses.
[005] O processo de tratamento de água, envolve a coagulação e floculação e partículas em solução (coloides). O uso de polímeros para o tratamento de água já é bem consagrado, como a finalidade de gerar flocos. O uso de polímeros modifica a viscosidade da água (aumenta). Em geral utiliza-se os sintéticos que podem ser neutros ou iônicos. O seu uso é devido a neutralização das cargas superficiais das partículas em suspensão promovendo a floculação e decantação permitindo reduzir a turbidez da água.[005] The water treatment process involves coagulation and flocculation and particles in solution (colloids). The use of polymers for water treatment is already well established, with the purpose of generating flakes. The use of polymers modifies the viscosity of water (increases). In general, synthetics that can be neutral or ionic are used. Its use is due to the neutralization of the surface charges of the suspended particles, promoting flocculation and decantation, allowing to reduce the turbidity of the water.
[006] Conforme descrito nas patentes acima e nos problemas ocasionado durante a irrigação do solo propõe-se adicionar pequenas quantidades de polímeros na água de irrigação. Uma solução, com 0,4% a 25ºC, muda a viscosidade da água para 1000 cP. A água com maior viscosidade terá dificuldade de penetrar no solo, fazendo com que a água fique no local aplicado, permeando de forma suave no solo e ficando parcialmente retida ao nível das raízes da planta.[006] As described in the above patents and the problems caused during soil irrigation, it is proposed to add small amounts of polymers in the irrigation water. A solution, with 0.4% at 25ºC, changes the water viscosity to 1000 cP. Water with greater viscosity will have difficulty penetrating the soil, causing the water to remain in the applied location, permeating smoothly into the soil and being partially retained at the level of the plant's roots.
[007] O solo ficará umedecido por mais tempo, sendo que a taxa de evaporação é menor devido à dificuldade que a água retida de subir pelos poros até a superfície, mudando de fase liquida para vapor. Bem como eliminar a agua que escoa pela superfície, já que a agua mais viscosa tende a permanecer no local aplicado. Essa capacidade do polímero de manter a agua coesa e aderente permite um ganho de resistência do solo, reduzindo também a erosão durante a passagem da água corrente (chuva ou irrigação).[007] The soil will be moist for a longer time, and the rate of evaporation is lower due to the difficulty that the retained water rise through the pores to the surface, changing from a liquid phase to a vapor. As well as eliminating the water that seeps through the surface, since the more viscous water tends to remain in the applied place. This ability of the polymer to keep the water cohesive and adherent allows a gain in soil resistance, also reducing erosion during the passage of running water (rain or irrigation).
[008] A invenção poderá ser mais bem compreendida através da seguinte descrição, em consonância com as figuras em anexo, onde:[008] The invention can be better understood through the following description, in line with the attached figures, where:
[009] A FIGURA 1 representa o sistema solo, planta, raízes e irrigação.[009] FIGURE 1 represents the soil, plant, roots and irrigation system.
[010] A FIGURA 2 representa o processo de erosão do solo.[010] FIGURE 2 represents the process of soil erosion.
[011] De acordo com a FIGURA 1, temos um exemplo de uma planta qualquer (1) o qual recebe a água de irrigação (2), sendo por sistema de aspersão. Parte da água se perde por escoamento na superfície (3), devido à dificuldade de penetrar no solo e por ser bem fluida (baixa viscosidade). A raiz da planta (4) localizada a certo nível abaixo do solo, absorve parte da água para seu desenvolvimento. O solo (5) é uma mistura de grãos grosso, médio e finos com matéria orgânica e mineral (5), depende de suas características o mesmo permite a absorção da água com maior dificuldade. Parte da água que entra no solo (7), tende a infiltrar ainda mais e ir direto para o lençol freático (6). O que corresponde a perdas da água de irrigação (2). Outra parte fica retida no solo (5) que irá fornecer para as raízes (4). A água superficial localizada bem próximo a superfície (3) tende a evaporar por influência do calor do Sol (9). Outra perda, refere-se as correntes de ar do vento (8) que durante a aspersão da água (2), tende-se a dispersar e perder-se para o ar.[011] According to FIGURE 1, we have an example of any plant (1) which receives irrigation water (2), being by sprinkler system. Part of the water is lost through surface runoff (3), due to the difficulty of penetrating the soil and because it is very fluid (low viscosity). The plant root (4) located at a certain level below the ground, absorbs part of the water for its development. The soil (5) is a mixture of coarse, medium and fine grains with organic and mineral matter (5), depending on its characteristics, it allows the absorption of water with greater difficulty. Part of the water that enters the soil (7) tends to infiltrate even more and go straight to the water table (6). Which corresponds to irrigation water losses (2). Another part is retained in the soil (5) which will supply the roots (4). Surface water located very close to the surface (3) tends to evaporate under the influence of the Sun's heat (9). Another loss refers to the air currents from the wind (8) which, during the spraying of water (2), tends to disperse and be lost to the air.
[012] com a adição de polímeros na água de irrigação (2), tem-se um aumento da coesão das moléculas d’água, tornando se viscosa, dificultando o escoamento superficial (3), ficando retida no local da plantação (1), dando tempo para que a água percole (7) o solo (5). Essa água fica a maior parte na região das raízes (4) evitando a passagem direta para o lençol freático (6).[012] with the addition of polymers in the irrigation water (2), there is an increase in the cohesion of the water molecules, becoming viscous, making surface runoff difficult (3), being retained at the planting site (1) , allowing time for the water to percolate (7) the soil (5). This water is mostly in the region of the roots (4), avoiding the direct passage to the water table (6).
[013] A água mais coesa devido a adição do polímero tende a não dispersar pela ação do vento (8), reduzindo parte das perdas. E por ser viscosa no solo durante os dias quentes, a mesma não retorna para a superfície com facilidade, mantendo parcialmente no solo, reduzindo suas perdas por evotranspiração.[013] The more cohesive water due to the addition of the polymer tends not to disperse by the action of the wind (8), reducing part of the losses. And because it is sticky in the soil during hot days, it does not return to the surface easily, keeping partially in the soil, reducing its losses due to evotranspiration.
[014] Já a FIGURA 2, temos um caso de erosão do solo. A água proveniente da chuva (10 escoa pela superfície, erodindo a parte mais frágil, lixiviando os constituintes do solo (11), deixando uma área desgastada e exposta (12). O material lixiviado (13) escoa para outros locais acarretando perdas do sistema. Ao adicionar uma solução aquosa com polímero no solo (14) o mesmo ficará retido (15), mantendo coeso a parte orgânica e mineral, aumentando a resistência a erosão. O polímero tem na forma sólida (pó) ou emulsão. Ambos são solúveis em água, necessitando de um tempo para homogeneizar e atingir o máximo de dissolução. A solução pronta deverá ser aspergida no local, para penetrar no solo tornando-o mais resistente.[014] As for FIGURE 2, we have a case of soil erosion. The rainwater (10 flows over the surface, eroding the most fragile part, leaching the soil constituents (11), leaving a worn and exposed area (12). The leached material (13) flows to other places causing losses in the system When adding an aqueous solution with polymer to the soil (14), it will be retained (15), keeping the organic and mineral part cohesive, increasing erosion resistance. The polymer is in solid form (powder) or emulsion. Both are soluble in water, needing time to homogenize and reach maximum dissolution. The ready solution should be sprinkled on the spot, to penetrate the soil making it more resistant.
[015] Através de experimentos com o polímero, observam-se os resultados de viscosidade em função do teor em água a 25ºC. 
[016] Através de testes com uma amostra de solo artificial (areia e argila), fez-se testes de percolação. O qual o tempo de escoamento do fluido foi medido para uma coluna de 15 cm de altura. A quantidade de fluido (água pura) que passa num solo foi de 77 g/min. Já com o aditivo de 0,5% de polímero o tempo para escoar neste mesmo tipo de solo caiu para 0,07 g/min. Uma diferença de 1000 vezes menor.[016] Through tests with an artificial soil sample (sand and clay), percolation tests were performed. Which fluid flow time was measured for a 15 cm high column. The amount of fluid (pure water) passing through a soil was 77 g/min. With the 0.5% polymer additive, the time to drain in this same type of soil dropped to 0.07 g/min. A 1000 times smaller difference.
[017] Já em testes de erosão do solo, fez-se uma plataforma com um recipiente com jato d’água incidindo numa placa preparada com solo umedecido (padrão e com polímero). Houve uma redução de 35% da taxa de erosão com o uso de uma solução misturada no solo.[017] In soil erosion tests, a platform was made with a container with a water jet focusing on a plate prepared with moistened soil (standard and polymer). There was a 35% reduction in the erosion rate with the use of a solution mixed with the soil.
[018] Um teste de secagem feito em cilindros com amostra de solo, comparou-se com solo úmido e solo úmido com polímero. Após secagem a 110ºC durante 15 minutos, retirou-se as amostras. A amostra com polímero houve uma redução de 80% da taxa de secagem.[018] A drying test done in cylinders with soil sample, compared with wet soil and wet soil with polymer. After drying at 110°C for 15 minutes, samples were taken. The polymer sample had an 80% reduction in the drying rate.
[019] O uso de polímeros pode ser substituído por outras fontes, tais como carbometilcelulose, goma xantanta, goma laca, fécula de mandioca, amido (polissacarídeos em geral), etc. Estes materiais têm a capacidade de se hidratar formando géis, de alta viscosidade. Por ser orgânico igual aos polímeros iônicos, o mesmo não causa nenhum impacto negativo para o meio ambiente.[019] The use of polymers can be replaced by other sources, such as carbomethylcellulose, xanthan gum, shellac, cassava starch, starch (polysaccharides in general), etc. These materials have the ability to hydrate to form gels, with high viscosity. As it is organic the same as ionic polymers, it does not cause any negative impact on the environment.
Claims (4)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR102020005233-0A BR102020005233A2 (en) | 2020-03-16 | 2020-03-16 | ADJUSTMENT PROCESS OF IRRIGATION WATER VISCOSITY VIA POLYMER ADDITION |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR102020005233-0A BR102020005233A2 (en) | 2020-03-16 | 2020-03-16 | ADJUSTMENT PROCESS OF IRRIGATION WATER VISCOSITY VIA POLYMER ADDITION |
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