BR102018003572A2 - composition for enzymatic hydrolysis with arabinofuranosidase activity and plant biomass hydrolysis method - Google Patents
composition for enzymatic hydrolysis with arabinofuranosidase activity and plant biomass hydrolysis method Download PDFInfo
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- C08B37/0057—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Xylans, i.e. xylosaccharide, e.g. arabinoxylan, arabinofuronan, pentosans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Xylans, e.g. rhodymenans; Hemicellulose; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
a presente invenção refere-se a uma composição para a hidrólise de açúcares de biomassas vegetais que contenham arabinoxilana e ao método de hidrólise enzimática das referidas biomassas, com aplicação nos processos de aproveitamento e conversão de biomassas vegetais a açúcares fermentescíveis para a fabricação de etanol ou de outros subprodutos de alto valor agregado.The present invention relates to a composition for the hydrolysis of sugars from arabinoxylan containing vegetable biomass and to the method of enzymatic hydrolysis of said biomass with application in the processes of harnessing and converting vegetable biomass to fermentable sugars for the manufacture of ethanol or other high value-added by-products.
Description
COMPOSIÇÃO PARA HIDRÓLISE ENZIMÁTICA COM ATIVIDADE ARABINOFURANOSIDASE E MÉTODO DE HIDRÓLISE DE BIOMASSA VEGETALCOMPOSITION FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS WITH ARABINOFURANOSIDASE ACTIVITY AND VEGETABLE BIOMASS HYDROLYSIS METHOD
CAMPO DA INVENÇÃO [001] A presente invenção refere-se a uma composição para a hidrólise de açúcares de biomassas vegetais e ao método de hidrólise enzimática das referidas biomassas. A presente invenção tem aplicação nos processos de aproveitamento e conversão de biomassas vegetais a açúcares fermentescíveis para a fabricação de etanol ou de outros subprodutos de alto valor agregado, sendo de interesse de indústrias como a química, alimentícia e a farmacêutica. FUNDAMENTOS DA INVENÇÃO [002] As biomassas vegetais são compostas basicamente por cadeias de celulose (polissacarídeo formado por unidades de glicose ligadas através de ligações e-1,4-glicosídicas), associadas a hemiceluloses (polissacarídeos ramificados formados principalmente por D-xilose, com pequenas quantidades de L-arabinose, D-glicose, D-manose, Dgalactose, ácido glucurônico e ácido manurônico) e ligninas (redes poliméricas formadas por unidades fenilpropano interligadas). Nos processos de aproveitamento da biomassa vegetal, muitas vezes, é necessário desestruturar as cadeias de celulose e de hemicelulose por meio de um processo de hidrólise, que as converte em um licor rico em açúcares monoméricos que podem, posteriormente, serem aproveitados, por exemplo, para a fermentação microbiana a etanol e a outros subprodutos de alto valor agregado.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [001] The present invention relates to a composition for the hydrolysis of sugars from plant biomass and to the method of enzymatic hydrolysis of said biomass. The present invention has application in the processes of use and conversion of vegetable biomass to fermentable sugars for the manufacture of ethanol or other by-products of high added value, being of interest to industries such as chemistry, food and pharmaceuticals. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [002] Vegetable biomasses are basically composed of chains of cellulose (polysaccharide formed by glucose units linked through e-1,4-glycosidic bonds), associated with hemicelluloses (branched polysaccharides formed mainly by D-xylose, with small amounts of L-arabinose, D-glucose, D-mannose, Dgalactose, glucuronic acid and manuronic acid) and lignins (polymeric networks formed by interconnected phenylpropane units). In the processes of using vegetable biomass, it is often necessary to break down the cellulose and hemicellulose chains by means of a hydrolysis process, which converts them into a liquor rich in monomeric sugars that can later be used, for example, for microbial fermentation to ethanol and other by-products of high added value.
[003] Os processos de hidrólise das biomassas vegetais podem ser catalisados por ácido ou por enzimas e, apesar de[003] The processes of hydrolysis of plant biomass can be catalyzed by acid or enzymes and, despite
Petição 870180014732, de 23/02/2018, pág. 6/25Petition 870180014732, of 02/23/2018, p. 6/25
2/9 um sistema enzimático ser mais promissor em relação ao tratamento ácido pelo fato de não necessitar de reatores especiais e de não gerar compostos inibidores de fermentação, por exemplo, a busca por composições enzimáticas viáveis técnico-economicamente ainda é um desafio.2/9 an enzyme system is more promising in relation to acid treatment because it does not require special reactors and does not generate fermentation inhibiting compounds, for example, the search for technically and economically viable enzyme compositions is still a challenge.
[004] Na procura por composições enzimáticas cada vez mais eficientes, bactérias e fungos decompositores da madeira figuram como boas fontes de enzimas lignocelulósicas. É fato que bactérias e fungos produzem complexos enzimáticos relativamente completos, porém nem sempre todas as atividades necessárias estão presentes nestes complexos para efeitos de degradação da biomassa vegetal com a finalidade de aproveitamento industrial, o que pode levar à necessidade de suas suplementações com outras enzimas e/ou substâncias com atividades complementares. Nesta complementação, a resistência a temperaturas superiores à ambiente e a manutenção da atividade durante o maior período possível do processo de hidrólise são características fundamentais para a incorporação de novas enzimas no processo atual, de forma a gerar avanços técnicos na eficiência de catálise. Mesmo dentro de um grupo de enzimas que possuem a mesma atividade, existem diferenças de velocidade e eficiência catalítica, além de resistência às condições de processo de hidrólise. Ainda, nem todas as enzimas que possuem a mesma atividade catalítica apresentarão sinergia com as demais enzimas que constituem a composição enzimática: em boa parte das associações, o efeito é nulo ou, até mesmo negativo, reduzindo a eficácia da composição como um todo.[004] In the search for increasingly efficient enzyme compositions, bacteria and fungi that decompose wood appear as good sources of lignocellulosic enzymes. It is a fact that bacteria and fungi produce relatively complete enzyme complexes, however not all necessary activities are present in these complexes for the purpose of degrading plant biomass for industrial use, which may lead to the need for supplementation with other enzymes and / or substances with complementary activities. In this complementation, resistance to temperatures above ambient and the maintenance of activity during the longest possible period of the hydrolysis process are fundamental characteristics for the incorporation of new enzymes in the current process, in order to generate technical advances in the efficiency of catalysis. Even within a group of enzymes that have the same activity, there are differences in speed and catalytic efficiency, in addition to resistance to hydrolysis process conditions. Still, not all enzymes that have the same catalytic activity will show synergy with the other enzymes that make up the enzyme composition: in most associations, the effect is null or even negative, reducing the effectiveness of the composition as a whole.
[005] Desta forma, entende-se que este é o grande gargalo[005] In this way, it is understood that this is the great bottleneck
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3/9 atual na plena viabilização de métodos puramente enzimáticos: ao mesmo tempo em que a adição de múltiplas enzimas a uma composição pode não a tornar tecnicamente mais eficaz, a elevação do seu custo devido a essa multiplicidade torna-a desvantajosa do ponto de vista econômico da aplicação industrial. Portanto, carece-se de composições que possuam um conjunto enzimático capaz de fechar o ciclo da hidrólise de biomassas vegetais com eficácia ampliada, mantendo sua atividade na temperatura do processo durante o maior período e com o mínimo de carga enzimática possíveis.3/9 current in the full viability of purely enzymatic methods: while the addition of multiple enzymes to a composition may not make it technically more effective, the increase in its cost due to this multiplicity makes it disadvantageous from the point of view cost of industrial application. Therefore, there is a need for compositions that have an enzyme set capable of closing the cycle of hydrolysis of plant biomass with increased efficiency, maintaining its activity at the process temperature for the longest period and with the least possible enzymatic charge.
[006] Esta necessidade passa também pelas arabinofuranosidases, enzimas importantes para a hidrólise da arabinoxilana. A arabinoxilana é uma hemicelulose composta por uma cadeia principal de resíduos de xilose unidos por ligações β-1,4 que apresentam substituições de aL-arabinose nas posições 2 e/ou 3. Em linhas gerais, para que a arabinoxilana chegue à sua forma monomérica, permitindo seu aproveitamento, é preciso que sejam clivadas as mono e dissubstituições de arabinose de sua cadeia. Este processo é, atualmente, realizado com enzimas específicas para uma posição da dissubstituiução ou para monossubstituições. No entanto, é interessante o emprego de enzimas com ação sobre ambos os tipos de ligação. O documento WO2006114095, por exemplo, reivindica um processo e de uma composição para a hidrólise enzimática da arabinoxilana compreendendo uma enzima ativa para as dissubstituições e uma enzima ativa para as monossubstituições em C2 ou C3.[006] This need also includes arabinofuranosidases, enzymes important for the hydrolysis of arabinoxylan. Arabinoxylan is a hemicellulose composed of a main chain of xylose residues joined by β-1,4 bonds that present substitutions of aL-arabinose in positions 2 and / or 3. In general, for arabinoxylan to reach its monomeric form , allowing its use, it is necessary to cleave the mono and dissubstitutions of arabinose in its chain. This process is currently carried out with specific enzymes for a position of dissubstitution or for monosubstitutions. However, it is interesting to use enzymes that act on both types of binding. WO2006114095, for example, claims a process and composition for the enzymatic hydrolysis of arabinoxylan comprising an active enzyme for dissubstitutions and an active enzyme for C2 or C3 monosubstitutions.
[007] Contudo, dentre as enzimas divulgadas para a hidrólise de arabinoxilana, sabe-se que, em A novel type of arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase isolated from germinated[007] However, among the enzymes disclosed for the hydrolysis of arabinoxylan, it is known that in A novel type of arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase isolated from germinated
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4/9 barley analysis of substrate preference and specificity by nano-probe NMR. ” (Eur J Biochem. 267(22):6633-41. (2000)), a enzima avaliada foi pouco eficaz após 18h de processo, tempo indesejável em condições reais de processamento de biomassa vegetal para fins industriais. De maneira semelhante, em Action of three GH51 and one GH54 αarabinofuranosidases on internally and terminally located arabinofuranosyl branches.” (J Biotechnol. 229:22-30. (2016)), as três GH51 e a GH54 testadas clivaram muito pouco da dissubstituição após 24h de incubação com excesso de enzima. Desta forma, faz-se necessário que haja uma composição que compreenda uma enzima capaz de clivar as dissubstituições de maneira eficaz dentro das condições processuais. Ainda, faz-se necessário que a referida enzima não apresente um efeito nulo ou negativo quando presente em composição para hidrólise enzimática de biomassas vegetais.4/9 barley analysis of substrate preference and specificity by nano-probe NMR. ”(Eur J Biochem. 267 (22): 6633-41. (2000)), the enzyme evaluated was ineffective after 18h of processing, an undesirable time in real conditions of processing plant biomass for industrial purposes. Similarly, in Action of three GH51 and one GH54 αarabinofuranosidases on internally and terminally located arabinofuranosyl branches. ”(J Biotechnol. 229: 22-30. (2016)), the three GH51 and GH54 tested cleaved very little of the dissubstitution after 24h incubation with excess enzyme. Thus, it is necessary that there is a composition that comprises an enzyme capable of effectively cleaving dissubstitutions within procedural conditions. In addition, it is necessary that said enzyme does not have a null or negative effect when present in a composition for enzymatic hydrolysis of plant biomass.
[008] Portanto, carece-se de uma solução capaz de atender à hidrólise de biomassas vegetais que compreendem arabinoxilanas com a eficiência requerida dentro das condições processuais e com o mínimo de carga enzimática possível.[008] Therefore, there is a need for a solution capable of meeting the hydrolysis of vegetable biomasses comprising arabinoxylans with the required efficiency under the procedural conditions and with the least possible enzymatic load.
BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DA INVENÇÃO [009] A presente invenção refere-se a uma composição para a hidrólise enzimática com atividade arabinofuranosidase e ao método de hidrólise enzimática de biomassa vegetal com a referida composição.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [009] The present invention relates to a composition for enzymatic hydrolysis with arabinofuranosidase activity and to the method of enzymatic hydrolysis of vegetable biomass with said composition.
Mais especificamente, a presente invenção refere-se a uma composição que compreende a arabinofuranosidase de sequência definida como SEQ ID NO: 1 e celulases, além de outras enzimas opcionais, e ao método de hidrólise enzimática deMore specifically, the present invention relates to a composition comprising the sequence arabinofuranosidase defined as SEQ ID NO: 1 and cellulases, in addition to other optional enzymes, and to the enzymatic hydrolysis method of
Petição 870180014732, de 23/02/2018, pág. 9/25Petition 870180014732, of 02/23/2018, p. 9/25
5/9 biomassa vegetal, caracterizado pelo fato de incubar uma solução compreendendo biomassa vegetal com a composição enzimática da presente invenção.5/9 vegetable biomass, characterized by the fact that it incubates a solution comprising vegetable biomass with the enzymatic composition of the present invention.
[010] Comparativamente a uma composição base composta por celulases, a composição da presente invenção apresenta atividade aumentada em valores acima de 10% nas condições do processo de conversão enzimática da biomassa vegetal com uma concentração relativamente reduzida da arabinofuranosidase SEQ ID NO:1 (menos que 3% da composição total).[010] Compared to a base composition composed of cellulases, the composition of the present invention shows activity increased by values above 10% under the conditions of the enzymatic conversion process of plant biomass with a relatively low concentration of arabinofuranosidase SEQ ID NO: 1 (less than 3% of the total composition).
BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DAS FIGURAS [011] A Figura 1 mostra o incremento de 15% de produto formado (açúcar redutor) quando 2,5% de massa do coquetel foi substituída pela mesma massa de arabinofuranosidase SEQ ID NO:1.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [011] Figure 1 shows the increase of 15% of product formed (reducing sugar) when 2.5% of the cocktail mass was replaced by the same mass of arabinofuranosidase SEQ ID NO: 1.
DESCRIÇÃO DETALHADA DA INVENÇÃO [012] A presente invenção refere-se a uma composição para hidrólise enzimática que compreende a arabinofuranosidase de sequência definida como SEQ ID NO: 1 e celulases.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [012] The present invention relates to a composition for enzymatic hydrolysis which comprises the sequence arabinofuranosidase defined as SEQ ID NO: 1 and cellulases.
[013] Entende-se celulases por enzimas responsáveis pela degradação da celulose, tais como as exoglucanases, as endo glucanases e as beta-glucosidases. As celulases da composição do presente invento são caracterizadas por serem selecionadas dentre o grupo que compreende exoglucanases, endoglucanases, beta-glucosidases ou combinações entre elas.[013] Cellulases are understood as enzymes responsible for cellulose degradation, such as exoglucanases, endo glucanases and beta-glucosidases. The cellulases of the composition of the present invention are characterized by being selected from the group comprising exoglucanases, endoglucanases, beta-glucosidases or combinations between them.
[014] Ainda, as celulases da composição do presente invento podem ser provenientes de bactérias, fungos ou insetos, porém não se restringindo a esses, sendo essas celulases de origem natural ou heteróloga, com ou sem mutações, provenientes ou não de evolução dirigida.[014] Also, the cellulases of the composition of the present invention may come from bacteria, fungi or insects, but are not restricted to them, whether these cellulases are of natural or heterologous origin, with or without mutations, whether or not they come from directed evolution.
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6/9 [015] Em uma concretização da presente invenção, as celulases da composição da presente invenção são provenientes de fungos do gênero Trichoderma, em especial, de Trichoderma reesei.6/9 [015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the cellulases of the composition of the present invention come from fungi of the genus Trichoderma, in particular, from Trichoderma reesei.
[016] Opcionalmente, a composição da presente invenção é caracterizada por compreender, também, proteínas selecionadas dentre hemicelulases, monooxigenases ativas sobre polissacarídeos ou combinações entre ditas proteínas.[016] Optionally, the composition of the present invention is characterized by also comprising proteins selected from hemicellulases, monooxygenases active on polysaccharides or combinations between said proteins.
[017] Entende-se hemicelulases por enzimas que atuam quebrando as ligações químicas nos diferentes tipos de hemicelulose, tais como xilanases, β-xilosidases, endoarabinases, mannanases, β-manosidases, xiloglucanases, pectinases e β-glucuronidases, porém não se restringindo a essas, e suas combinações.[017] Hemicellulases are understood by enzymes that work by breaking the chemical bonds in different types of hemicellulose, such as xylanases, β-xylosidases, endoarabinases, mannanases, β-mannosidases, xyloglucanases, pectinases and β-glucuronidases, but are not restricted to these, and their combinations.
[018] Entende-se por monooxigenases ativas sobre polissacarídeos por enzimas que efetuam a degradação de polissacarídeos através da oxidação de suas ligações. Dentre estas, podem-se mencionar as classificadas dentro da família[018] It is understood by monooxygenases active on polysaccharides by enzymes that effect the degradation of polysaccharides through the oxidation of their bonds. Among these, we can mention those classified within the family
família AA3.AA3 family.
[019] As hemicelulases e as monooxigenases ativas sobre polissacarídeos da composição da presente invenção também podem ser provenientes de bactérias, fungos ou insetos, porém não se restringindo a esses, sendo de origem natural ou heteróloga, com ou sem mutações, provenientes ou não de evolução dirigida.[019] Hemicellulases and monooxygenases active on polysaccharides of the composition of the present invention may also come from bacteria, fungi or insects, but are not restricted to these, being of natural or heterologous origin, with or without mutations, whether or not directed evolution.
[020] A composição pode ser apresentada sob a forma de[020] The composition can be presented in the form of
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7/9 solução ou como um sólido. Neste último caso, a composição pode se apresentar tanto sob a forma de pó liofilizado ou como grânulos. É opcional a adição de um estabilizante e/ou um conservante à composição.7/9 solution or as a solid. In the latter case, the composition may be in the form of lyophilized powder or granules. The addition of a stabilizer and / or a preservative to the composition is optional.
[021] Ainda, a composição da presente invenção pode, opcionalmente, compreender uma biomassa vegetal. Dita biomassa vegetal pode ser selecionada dentre o grupo que compreende biomassas contendo arabinoxilana, como as gramíneas (como milho, trigo, arroz, entre outros) e as coníferas.[021] Furthermore, the composition of the present invention can optionally comprise a vegetable biomass. Said vegetable biomass can be selected from the group comprising biomasses containing arabinoxylan, such as grasses (such as corn, wheat, rice, among others) and conifers.
[022] O método de hidrólise enzimática da presente invenção é caracterizado pelo fato de incubar uma solução compreendendo biomassa vegetal com uma composição enzimática que compreende a arabinofuranosidase de sequência definida como SEQ ID NO: 1 e celulases.[022] The enzymatic hydrolysis method of the present invention is characterized by the fact that it incubates a solution comprising plant biomass with an enzymatic composition comprising the sequence arabinofuranosidase defined as SEQ ID NO: 1 and cellulases.
[023] Novamente, as celulases são caracterizadas por serem selecionadas dentre o grupo que compreende exoglucanases, endoglucanases, beta-glucosidases ou combinações entre elas. Em uma concretização do presente invento, as celulases são provenientes de fungos do gênero Trichoderma, em especial, de Trichoderma reesei.[023] Again, cellulases are characterized by being selected from the group comprising exoglucanases, endoglucanases, beta-glucosidases or combinations between them. In one embodiment of the present invention, cellulases are derived from fungi of the genus Trichoderma, in particular, from Trichoderma reesei.
[024] Ainda, opcionalmente, a composição da presente invenção é caracterizada por compreender, também, proteínas selecionadas dentre hemicelulases, monooxigenases ativas sobre polissacarídeos ou combinações entre ditas proteínas.[024] Also, optionally, the composition of the present invention is characterized by also comprising proteins selected from hemicellulases, monooxygenases active on polysaccharides or combinations between said proteins.
[025] Dentre as hemicelulases, podem-se selecionar xilanases, β-xilosidases, endoarabinases, mannanases, βmanosidases, xiloglucanases, pectinases e β-glucuronidases, porém não se restringindo a essas, e suas combinações.[025] Among hemicellulases, one can select xylanases, β-xylosidases, endoarabinases, mannanases, βmanosidases, xyloglucanases, pectinases and β-glucuronidases, but not restricted to these, and their combinations.
[026] Quanto às monooxigenases ativas sobre[026] Regarding monooxygenases active on
Petição 870180014732, de 23/02/2018, pág. 12/25Petition 870180014732, of 02/23/2018, p. 12/25
8/9 polissacarídeos”, podem-se selecionar dentre aquelas que pertencem às famílias AA9 e AA10 e as enzimas ativadoras de monooxigenases, como as desidrogenases de celobiose da família AA3.8/9 polysaccharides ”, one can select from those belonging to the AA9 and AA10 families and the monooxygenase activating enzymes, such as the cellobiose dehydrogenases of the AA3 family.
[027] A biomassa vegetal, opcionalmente, pode passar por uma etapa prévia de pré-tratamento de acordo com quaisquer métodos constantes no estado da técnica antes da execução do método da presente invenção.[027] The vegetable biomass, optionally, can go through a previous pre-treatment step according to any methods contained in the prior art before carrying out the method of the present invention.
Exemplo: Com o intuito de avaliar o efeito da arabinofuranosidase definida como SEQ ID NO: 1 em um coquetel para hidrólise de biomassas lignocelulósicas, foi selecionada uma biomassa resultante de pré-tratamento padrão (bagaço de cana-de-açúcar deslignificado) e um coquetel proveniente de um fungo comercial reconhecido como bom produtor de enzimas celulolíticas (Trichoderma reesei). Neste experimento, 50 mg da biomassa foi incubada com 250 ug de enzima total em 1 ml de solução contendo tampão de citrato de sódio (0,05 M) e 0,02% de azida sódica, com pH ajustado para 5,5, a 50 °C por 24 horas, com rotação dos tubos. Para avaliar a performance de arabinofuranosidase definida como SEQ ID NO: 1, 2,5% (6,25 ug) ou 5% (12,5 ug) de proteína do coquetel foi substituída pela mesma quantidade da arabinofuranosidase definida como SEQ ID NO: 1. A hidrólise foi avaliada estimando a quantidade de açúcar redutor liberado, de acordo com o método DNS (Miler, 1959). Estes experimentos foram realizados em triplicata, incluindo as condições controle, ou seja, sem adição de qualquer enzima. Obteve-se uma melhor performance quando 2,5% do coquetel enzimático de Trichoderma reesei foi substituído pela arabinofuranosidase definida como SEQ ID NO: 1, obtendo-seExample: In order to evaluate the effect of arabinofuranosidase defined as SEQ ID NO: 1 in a cocktail for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, a biomass resulting from a standard pre-treatment (delignified sugar cane bagasse) and a cocktail from a commercial fungus recognized as a good producer of cellulolytic enzymes (Trichoderma reesei). In this experiment, 50 mg of the biomass was incubated with 250 µg of total enzyme in 1 ml of solution containing sodium citrate buffer (0.05 M) and 0.02% sodium azide, with a pH adjusted to 5.5, at 50 ° C for 24 hours, with rotation of the tubes. To assess the performance of arabinofuranosidase defined as SEQ ID NO: 1, 2.5% (6.25 µg) or 5% (12.5 µg) of protein in the cocktail was replaced by the same amount of arabinofuranosidase defined as SEQ ID NO: 1. Hydrolysis was evaluated by estimating the amount of reducing sugar released, according to the DNS method (Miler, 1959). These experiments were carried out in triplicate, including the control conditions, that is, without the addition of any enzyme. A better performance was obtained when 2.5% of the enzymatic cocktail of Trichoderma reesei was replaced by arabinofuranosidase defined as SEQ ID NO: 1, obtaining
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9/9 um aumento de 15% na hidrólise do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar deslignificado.9/9 an increase of 15% in the hydrolysis of delignified sugarcane bagasse.
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