BR102018001843A2 - fungicide or insecticide type pesticide fertilizer coating - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to fertilizer which comprises elements belonging to the area of pesticides where, more particularly, each nitrogenous, phosphate or potassium fertilizer granule (1) comprises an individual core coated and incorporated on the outer surface of a film of fungicidal or insecticidal component (2) consisting of pesticides belonging to the pesticide area of the family of chemical groups: (i) fungicides: carboxamide, benzimidazole, triazole, phenylamide / acylalaninate, acetamine, strobilurin, anilinopyrimidine, benzothidiazole, sulfur, cupric, dithiocarbamate , dimethyl dithiocarbamate, (iso) phthalonitrile, chloroaromatic, dicarboximide, organostannic, guanidine, phenylpyridinylamine = pyridinamine, phenylpyrrole, among others, and (ii) insecticides: pyrethroid, organophosphate, naphthyl methylcarbamate, among others. In an alternative option, each coated fertilizer granule (1) (2) may further receive the cover formed by drying polymer film (3).

Description

FERTILIZER COATING BY FUNGICIDE OR INSECTICIDE AGRICULTURAL DEFENSIVE ”.

TECHNICAL FIELD [001] This invention deals with fertilizer coating by pesticides of the fungicide or insecticide type, more precisely it deals with fertilizer that aggregates elements belonging to the area of pesticides that use, in its composition, elements belonging to the family of chemical groups , for example chemical groups from triazoles, strobilurins or others.

FUNDAMENTALS OF THE TECHNIQUE [002] As is widely known, fertilizers are chemical compounds used in agriculture to increase the amount of nutrients in the soil and, consequently, achieve a productivity gain. In general, fertilizers are divided into two major groups: inorganic and organic; both can be natural or synthetic. The most common inorganics carry nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium or sulfur and the biggest advantage of this type of fertilizer is that it contains large concentrations of nutrients that can be absorbed almost instantly by plants. Organic fertilizers, on the other hand, are made from natural products, such as humus, bone meal, castor bean cake, seaweed and manure.

[003] The fertilizer industry is basically intended for the production and commercialization of supplements to the mineral nutrients found in the soil, which are essential for the growth and development of plants, which act on the growth of vegetables together with sunlight, carbon dioxide and water. Fertilizer production is directly linked to agricultural production, and the availability of basic raw materials (Amonia Inidra, Sulfur, Phosphate Rock and potassium salts) produced at economically viable costs that transformed by the industry generate mixed fertilizers - Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium - known as 'NPK'.

[004] It is also known that crops and crops in general need protection against damage and disease caused by numerous phytopathogenic organisms, insects and even animals.

Petition 870180007515, of 01/29/2018, p. 4/24 / 12 [005] For this purpose, there are several products in the form of pesticides such as fungicides, insecticides and herbicides, all of which are pesticides used in plant protection. As is known, pesticides are substances that, due to their molecular chemical properties, have lethal effects for certain living beings, including man.

[006] Generically the fungicide is a specific type of agrochemical that controls fungal diseases by specifically inhibiting or killing the fungus that causes the disease. Phytopathogenic organisms or causal agents are of the type fungi, parasitic plants, molds, molds, rust and other organisms capable of destroying higher plants, causing loss of valuable food. Fungi are the main cause of damage to crops worldwide, mainly cereals [007] The control of insects, in turn, is done through insecticides quite powerful to destroy the protection of chitin that covers them externally for example, which it is resistant to most chemicals. It is widely known to those qualified that for millions of years, insects have been the greatest opportunists, devouring or destroying about one third of agricultural crops and, over the years, creating resistance.

[008] As for herbicides, we have that they are chemical compounds used in agriculture to control and / or inhibit the development of weeds. Herbicides can be subdivided by mechanism of action (protein inhibitors, enzymes or any biochemical phase reached primarily by using the herbicide), use (applied directly to the soil, pre-emergent and post-emergent), chemical group, activity (systemic and contact) and controlled plant types.

[009] The World Health Organization (WHO) defines agrochemicals as any substance capable of controlling a pest that may pose a risk or discomfort to populations and the environment. They can also be defined as substances or mixtures of substances designed to prevent action or directly kill insects (insecticides), mites (acaricides), molluscs (molluscicides), rodents (rodenticides), fungi (fungicides), weeds (herbicides) , bacteria (antibiotics and bactericides) and other forms of animal or plant life harmful to public health and agriculture.

Petition 870180007515, of 01/29/2018, p. 5/24 / 12 [010] In order to produce agrochemicals, chemical substances are used to control plants or animals that are harmful to men or other animals, aiming to improve crops in quantity and quality. Increasingly severe limitations have been established on the use of agrochemicals, due to the potential risks of these substances to public health and animal life compared to the value shown in agriculture.

[011] In addition to the stricter legislation, agrochemicals are almost entirely owned by technologies dominated by foreign companies and, as Brazil is one of the largest agricultural producers in the world, it also ends up becoming one of the largest importers of these agrochemicals. Research reports that Brazil, in terms of world imports, is among the six largest importers of pesticides worldwide. Namely, the Brazilian market corresponds to “almost 1/5 (one fifth) of the world market in sales volume” of herbicides, something around 19% of the international market. Between 2001 and 2010, agricultural production of the eight main pesticide-consuming commodities increased by 97%, the planted area increased by 30% and the sale of pesticides increased by 200% ”. These data demonstrate the intensification of the use of the product in Brazilian crops, which are using more pesticides per hectare, which means an increase in production costs, since pesticides or pesticides are traded in foreign currencies, mainly in dollars.

[012] The control of crop pests and diseases is carried out mainly by spray equipment that must be chosen according to (i) the crop to be treated and (ii) the product and dose to be applied. These equipments must allow a good quality spray, that is, a population of droplets with dimensional characteristics adapted to the culture and products and, also, a homogeneous distribution, to obtain biological control of pests and diseases.

[013] In addition to these objectives, sprayers must also allow, without affecting the efficiency of the treatment, the reduction of the volume to be applied, as well as the reduction of losses to the soil and atmosphere.

[014] In general, the cultivars available on the Brazilian market have cycles between

Petition 870180007515, of 01/29/2018, p. 6/24/12 and 160 days, and can be classified into groups of early, semi-early, medium, semi-late and late maturation, depending on the region. The cultivars commercially planted in the country have their cycles, mostly, ranging between 90 and 150 days.

[015] In this period or cycle, at least 04 (four) applications of agrochemicals are known to be necessary, which may vary according to the needs of the plant, that is, from the beginning of development to the harvest. In the regular cultivation system, the plant, for example, soy, receives 1- spraying of fungicide after 30 to 45 days, that is, when the plant enters the reproductive phase, because in this phase the plant withdraws energy from the immunity to apply to the reproductive system, being susceptible to attack by pests and diseases. The other applications of pesticides reinforce the protection of the plant during the other cycles and residuals and depend, as a rule, on applications by spraying droplets of the protection solution.

[016] The biological efficiency resulting from the application volume, keeping the amount of active substance per hectare constant, presents very different results, in some cases even contradictory, for its majority of situations, its relationship with diseases is not known, agrochemicals and plants. The variation in biological efficiency occurs mainly because the reduction in volume changes the structure of the deposits of the drops, that is, the amount of syrup deposited and the number of impacts per unit of surface, conditioning the success of the treatment.

[017] Just as an example, when planting soybeans, because the root is pivoting, it is invariably necessary to apply at least 05 or more spraying cycles of agrochemicals. Considering that currently, each sprayed hectare has an average cost of US $ 80.00, and considering that in Brazil the areas for soy cultivation vary from small farmers to farms of 350,000 hectares or more, it is feared that each application of pesticide by equipment spraying costs thousands of dollars.

[018] Thus, it becomes increasingly necessary, the development of fertilizer that acts to strengthen the plant and that, simultaneously, is associated with low cost and environmentally friendly agrochemicals to protect plants from diseases, that is, produce more at a lower cost. The pesticide chosen as

Petition 870180007515, of 01/29/2018, p. 7/24 / 12 coating for the fertilizer, in the form of fungicide or insecticide, must be effectively administered during the growth of the plant, avoiding an excessive number of applications harmful to human health. This invention responds to these needs.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE [019] Researches carried out in patent banks made it possible to know the current state of the art in fertilizers applied as seed coating, which is a gradual release coating, as is the case of the Brazilian patent document no. PI0016537-9 (Kemira GrowHow) which deals with a seed coating to improve plant nutrient efficiency during premature plant cultivation, whose coating comprises: i) an aqueous fixing agent containing a fluid agricultural or fermentation by-product and, possibly an emulsified oil; and ii) a fertilizing powder comprising nutrients and trace elements required by the plant and / or other substances that affect plant growth.

[020] Another document of n. BR 11 2015 027097-2 (Globalchem) also deals with a method for seed coating, this method comprising the application of a layer containing mineral consisting of mineral particles and an aqueous binder to the seed, in which the weight ratio of the aqueous binder for mineral particles it is less than 0.4; and applying a microbial layer comprising dry microorganisms to the mineral-containing layer, while that mineral-containing layer is still sticky. In addition, the present invention provides coated seeds that contain dry mineral particles and microorganisms.

[021] Documents dealing with polymer type coatings applied to seeds are also known, such as the document BR PI 0708399-8 (Bayer) whose objective is to facilitate the agglutination of a bioactive ingredient (binder, wax, pigment and stabilizer), such as an insecticide or fungicide, to a seed, in order to allow the coated seed to flow during planting. Other documents relating to the application of seed coatings by pesticides can be found in US 5696144, US 5876739 and US 5849230. However,

Petition 870180007515, of 01/29/2018, p. 8/24

6/12 knowledge, these coatings act for a short period that does not exceed 30 days, that is, it only acts during the germination period, aiming to prevent the attack of pests and diseases in this period. After that, the crop starts to receive spray pesticide applications, as already mentioned.

[022] The survey pointed to a document of n. BR PI 8505900 (FBC LTD.) Which treats the compound Fluquinconazole that can be applied directly to the soil before, after or after drilling, so that the presence of active compound in the soil can control the growth of fungi that can attack the seeds. When the soil is treated directly, the active compound can be applied in any way that allows it to be intimately mixed with the soil, for example, by spraying, transmitting a solid form of granules or applying the active ingredient at the same time as drilling by inserting it in the same drill as the seeds. A suitable application rate is within the range of 0.05 to 20 kg per hectare, more preferably 0.1 to 10 kg per hectare.

DO FLUQUINCONAZOL [023] Namely, fluquinconazole is one of the fertilizers chosen to exemplify the present patent, because, in addition to being a product that is already in the public domain, it is a systemic fungicide with preventive and curative action. It belongs to the chemical group of Triazoles and the crude formula is CieHsCbFNsO. The chemical structure of the compound is reproduced below:

.ci

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION [024] In view of the specific field of application defined as the agribusiness market in the manufacture and marketing of fertilizers, the applicant developed the fertilizer coating by pesticide, preferably a fungicide from the family of the chemical group Triazole, which may be, for example, fluquiconazole (marketed as Visio® by Basf or Atento® by Bayer) or others,

Petition 870180007515, of 01/29/2018, p. 9/24 / 12 forming a mixed agrochemical (fertilizer + pesticide) which, when added to the plantation, acts as fertilizer and agricultural pesticide, more especially with systemic control of phytopathogenic organisms (causal agents) during the plant's growth process.

[025] Eventually, the fertilizer coating fungicide may come from the chemical group Strobilurin [from the fungus Strobilurus tenacellus (Pers. Ex Fr.)], such as azoxystrobin, methyl-cresoxime, picoxystrobin and others, or even from groups Benzimidazole, Imidazole and other chemicals that act as fungicides or insecticides.

[026] The purpose of the new coated fertilizer is to provide savings to the farmer by dispensing with the various applications of pesticides during the plant's growth process.

[027] Another objective is to predict that the coated fertilizer, as it is systemic, acts gradually throughout the growth and development of the plant, unlike what occurs today where the existing leaves of the plant receive the droplet spray from the equipment and, after a few days, with the appearance of new leaves, they remain unprotected until a new spray with agrochemicals occurs. The present coated fertilizer thus maintains the protection of the stem and each leaf that appears on the plant, since the coating is an integral part of the fertilizer, cooperating for systemic protection.

[028] It is an objective of the present invention to provide that the coated fertilizer acts as a vaccine during the growth and development of the crop.

[029] It is the objective of the present invention to provide that the fertilizer or fertilizer has at least 80% of its area coated with the pesticide and / or fungicide.

[030] It is another objective of the present invention that the coated fertilizer not only has a lower cost during the growing period, but also has a higher yield, since it considerably reduces diseases and pests, reflecting in greater productivity.

[031] It is another objective to provide that the coated fertilizer can be used in the cultivation of wheat, corn, soybeans, beans, barley, oats, sorghum, cotton and others.

[032] Eventually, the coated fertilizer may receive an additional coating

Petition 870180007515, of 01/29/2018, p. 10/24

8/12 of secant, for example a polymer that controls the entry and exit of water, controlling the dissolution of nutrients in the fertilizer and also the release of the pesticide, according to the evolution and development of the crop.

[033] As an example, the applicant presents a table of cost x yield in soybean cultivation carried out in October 2017 where 200 kg of grains were fertilized with NPK fertilizer (11-52-00) coated with fungicide from the chemical group Triazole, more precisely fluquinconazole (Basf® or Bayer®) and a polymer (secant) in a ratio of 0.8 to 2.0 liters of fungicide per hectare, in addition to 1 liter of polymer. Among other rates depending on the current soil situation that the next crop is going to be implanted.

[034] The result of the cultivation was:

Traditional Culture Culture with Coated Fertilizer - object of the patent

Fertilizer R$ 300.00 R$ 300.00 Roof R$ 280.00 R$ 280.00 Herbicides R$ 100.00 R$ 100.00 Insecticides R$ 400.00 R$ 400.00 Fungicides R$ 900.00 R$ 200.00

[035] It should be noted that the example above is only a portion of fungicide, so that, if it is of interest to the crop, use a combination of fungicide with insecticide, adopting a relationship between the parts that meets the volume from 0.8 to 2.0 liters per hectare.

[036] The fertilizer can be coated with the pesticide and polymer through known processes, such as batch or others, depending on the volume of fertilizer to be coated.

[037] It is also important to highlight that the reduction in the cost of the product now being innovated is even more significant if parameters related to the unnecessary spraying of the aerial part of the crop are considered, since, thus, it entails less operational cost related to labor, fuel, agricultural plane rental, among others.

[038] The table presented above refers to the soybean grain, however, it is just an example, since it can be related to other types of cereals, such as

Petition 870180007515, of 01/29/2018, p. 11/24/12 such as wheat, soy, corn, triticale, sorghum, beans, among others.

[039] Thus, the applicant devised an innovative fertilizer coated with a fungicide or insecticide that may or may not receive the drying agent in the form of a polymer with novelty associated with inventive step, since it does not occur in an obvious or evident way from other fertilizers or seeds anticipated by the state of the art, notably for its form of presentation, conferring advantages from an industrial, commercial and technical point of view.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [040] To complement the present description in order to obtain a better understanding of the characteristics of the present invention and in accordance with a preferred practical realization thereof, the description, attached, is a set of drawings, where, in a exemplified, although not limiting, the following was represented:

Figure 1 represents an innovative fertilizer granule in its most direct form, that is, coated with fungicide or insecticide type pesticide;

Figure 2 represents an innovative fertilizer granule in its alternative form, that is, coated with a fungicide or insecticide type pesticide and a second drying polymer coating;

Figure 3 illustrates a preferred method for obtaining the pesticide-coated fertilizer; and

Figure 4 represents three images of soybean plants in the same cultivation phase, one image relating to the testimony, another image relating to the plant having received standard leaf application (usual) and a third image of a plant fertilized with the present innovation, which that is, fertilizer coated with fungicide.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE OBJECT [041] The present invention therefore refers to a fertilizer or fertilizer coating (1) by fungicide or insecticide, and said fertilizer (1) starts to incorporate, on the external surface, a fungicide film or insecticide (2) formed by elements belonging to the area of pesticides of the family of the chemical groups Triazole or Carboxamide, Benzimidazole, Phenylamide / Acylalaninate, Acetamine, Strobilurin,

Petition 870180007515, of 01/29/2018, p. 12/24/12

Anilinopyrimidine, Benzotidiazole, Sulfur, Cupric, Dithiocarbamate, Dimethyldithiocarbamate, (Iso) Phthalonitrile, Chloroaromatic, Dicarboximide,

Organo-tin, Guanidine, Phenylpyridinylamine = Pyridinamine, Phenylpyrrol, among others that include fungicides or insecticides, such as Pyrethroid, Organophosphate, Naphthyl Methylcarbamate, Neonicotinoid, among others.

[042] Eventually, the coated fertilizer (1) (2) may also receive the cover formed by a drying polymer film (3) on the market, such as ColorSeed®, LikoSeed®, LabFix® or others.

[043] From the morphological point of view, the innovative fertilizer (1) presents, as an example, a structural and concentration constitution between its components, best evidenced in table 2 below:

Component description Presentation Concentration Fertilizer (1) Any market fertilizer composition, with the function of adding nutrients to agricultural or vegetable production in arable land. Grainy 200 kg Fungicide or insecticide coating (2) Fungicidal or insecticidal component belonging to the chemical group of Triazoles, Strobilurins or Benzimidazoles or Imidazoles or other groups. Liquid 0.8 to 2.5 liters Drying polymer (3) Any composition that has high fixation and absorption power, Liquid Maximum 1 liter

Petition 870180007515, of 01/29/2018, p. 13/24/12

accelerating the drying process and facilitating bagging.

[044] The fertilizer (1) can be of the nitrogen, phosphate and potassium type.

[045] In a preferred option, the coating (2) applied to the fertilizer (1) is fluquinconazole from the chemical group of triazoles.

[046] The fertilizer (1) has at least 80% of its area covered by the coating (2).

[047] The process of obtaining the coated fertilizer (1) (2) and, eventually, drying polymer (3) follows conventional steps shown, symbolically in Figure 3:

- Preparation of the Fertilizer input (1) in granulated form:

(la) Receipt of the bulk fertilizer input;

(lb) Bulk storage;

(lc) release and weighing to feed a mixer (M);

(ld) Arrangement in a mixing vessel;

2- Preparation of the coating (2) in liquid form:

(2a) Receiving the fungicide or insecticide input (2);

(2b) Dosage;

(2c) Retention of the metered volume in tanks (T) with spray nozzles (B);

- Preparation of the drying polymer (3);

(3a) Receipt of the drying polymer input;

(3b) Dosage;

(3c) Retention of the metered volume in tanks (T1) with spray nozzles (B1); .

- Mixing and coating the fertilizer granules (1):

(4.1) the volume of granulated fertilizer (1) weighed in step 1 is conveyed by conveyor (E1) to the mixing equipment (M); fertilizer is the first input to be loaded into the mixer (M);

Petition 870180007515, of 01/29/2018, p. 14/24 / 12 (4.2) the coating volume (2) weighed in step 2 is introduced into the mixer (M) in operation through spray nozzles (B); the coating (2) is applied over the granulated fertilizer (1), thus generating a volume of granulated fertilizer with practically 100% coating (2) which is discharged and bagged (S);

(4.3) in an alternative option, the fertilizer granules (1) covered by the coating (2), coming from the weighings of 1 and 2 receive the dose of drying polymer (3) provided for in step 3, which polymer is introduced into the mixer ( M) through spray nozzles (B1); the mixer (M) is then put into operation so that the polymer (3) adheres to practically 100% of the surface of the fertilized granules (1) already coated (2);

[048] The mixing times of each component (2) and (3) to the fertilizer (1) depend on the type of granulated fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphate and potassium), as they have different chemical and hygroscopic characteristics.

[049] It will be apparent to those who have a good understanding of this art and field, to which the invention belongs that several modifications and variations of the examples described and the incorporations are possible in light of the instructions above. The examples and embodiments disclosed are presented for illustrative purposes only. Other alternative incorporations may include some or all of the features mentioned in this document. Therefore, the intention is to cover all these modifications and alternative incorporations as they may become part of the scope of this invention, with extreme effectiveness.

Claims (5)

1) FERTILIZER COATING BY FUNGICIDE OR INSECTICIDE AGRICULTURAL DEFENSIVE where each fertilizer granule (1) of the nitrogen, phosphate or potassium type is characterized by comprising an individual core (1) coated and incorporated, on the external surface, of a film of fungicidal or insecticidal component (2) formed by elements belonging to the area of agricultural pesticides of the family of the chemical groups Triazole or Strobilurin or Benzimidazole or Imidazole or others that include fungicides or insecticides such as Pyrethroid, Organophosphate, Naphthyl Methylcarbamate, Neonicotinoid, among others. 2) FERTILIZER COATING BY FUNGICIDE OR INSECTICIDE AGRICULTURAL DEFENSIVE according to claim 1 and in an alternative option, characterized in that each coated fertilizer granule (1) (2) receives the covering formed by a drying polymer film (3). 3) FERTILIZER COATING BY FUNGICIDE OR INSECTICIDE AGRICULTURAL DEFENSIVE according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating (2) applied to the fertilizer or fertilizer (1) is the fluquinconazole of the chemical group of triazoles. 4) FERTILIZER COATING BY FUNGICIDE OR INSECTICIDE AGRICULTURAL DEFENSIVE according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer (1) has at least 80% of its coated area (2). 5) FERTILIZER COATING BY FUNGICIDE OR INSECTICIDE AGRICULTURAL DEFENSIVE according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer (1) coated (2) has, at least, 80% of its area covered by the drying polymer (3).