BR102017004009B1 - COMPOSITION OF POLYMER DEPOLLUTION FOAM, PROCESS FOR OBTAINING POLYMERIC DEPOLUTION FOAM AND POLYMERIC DEPOLUTION FOAM - Google Patents

Abstract

COMPOSITION OF POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM, PROCESS FOR OBTAINING IT AND USE. The present invention deals with a polymeric depolluting foam composition capable of absorbing oily pollutants from water or soil, and also capable of biodegrading, releasing micro and macronutrients into the environment. The composition of the foam covered by the invention comprises: - vegetable oils rich in ricinoleic acid and its derivatives; - industrial residues from the manufacture of vegetable oil or from the processing of vegetables; - industrial waste containing sugars; - aluminum oxide trihydrate; - micro and macro nutrients; - microorganisms.

Description

APPLICATION FIELD

[0001] The present invention is a polymeric depolluting polyurethane foam composition capable of absorbing oily pollutants from water or soil, and still capable of biodegrading, releasing micro and macro nutrients into the environment.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

[0002] Depolluting foams for aqueous environments with oily pollutants are already known, produced based on polymers such as polyurethane, polyester and others, using additionally to the raw materials, vegetable oils, such as soy oil, or castor oil (castor oil). castor oil), as well as the use of salts, hydroxides or oxides of metals, such as aluminum, to improve its anti-flame properties.

[0003] Document GB 1485828 describes fireproof polymeric foam containing additives such as salts or aluminum oxide.

[0004] Document GB 947642 describes polyurethane foam obtained from ricinoleic oils, polyglycols, glycerol, or castor oil, and may also contain silicone. Document CA 1267090 deals with polyester or polyurethane foam that may contain soy or castor oil, or even aluminum oxide, as taught in document US 8933140.

[0005] WO 1999056556 teaches how to obtain a thermoplastic foam based on protein and starch, also using castor or soy oil and a metal oxide hydrate that can be aluminum.

[0006] Document BR 0001942-9 deals with improvements introduced in the process of obtaining polyol with long molecular chains for the manufacture of rigid polyurethane parts, using castor bean oil (“ricinus communis”) as the main raw material subjected to a production cycle that demands less time, under higher temperatures, using the injection of inert gas and hydrogen in short cyclical periods. The process uses vegetable oils to obtain polyols with long molecular chains, suitable for making both rigid and flexible polyurethane parts, with a significantly shorter production cycle - on the order of 2 hours to two and a half hours and which results in a moisture-free polyol, which allows the manufacture of polyurethane parts with densities of around 1200 to 1300 kg/m3. This process involves mixing the following components, by mass: castor oil: 70% to 82%; soybean oil: 10% to 25%; primary and secondary amines: 0.5% to 1%; siloxane surfactants: 0.2% to 1%; polyglycols: 0.1%; sucrose: 3% to 10%. This mixture is subjected to heating of the order of 130 to 150 degrees Celsius, and during this preparation an inert gas is injected into the mixture at short intervals, and hydrogen can also be injected to obtain a longer molecule. This material refers to a type of resin with a higher density (above 1000 kg/m3), for parts to be used in different industrial areas (automotive, furniture, decoration, white line, etc.), as well as for application in floors as waterproofing. The final product obtained is rigid polyurethane and not foam.

[0007] Document BR 0900364-9 deals with a manufacturing process for an absorbent material for use in the removal of contaminants in the aquatic environment, and the material in question is a flocked foam, obtained based on the use of vegetable polyol, a load of microorganism, which is used to promote the acceleration of the biodegradation of the product, in addition to a reagent that is Methyldiisocyanate. The proposed process foresees an initial step, where a given volume of vegetable polyol, where the MDI reagent is added, in a 1:1 proportion in the presence of an amount of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans around 2%. In a second stage, the homogenized raw materials go through a reaction phase inside a closed mold, a reaction that lasts for a period of time of approximately one minute; at the end of the reaction, the resulting foam block is kept at rest for twenty-four hours, during which the material cures. After curing, the foam block thus formed is subjected to a cutting step and subsequently to a crushing step.

[0008] Document BR 1103089-5 deals with an absorbent material for use in the removal of oily effluents and the process for its production, which is obtained from a vegetable resin produced with a portion of approximately 80% of vegetable oil derived from , preferably, but not exclusively, from the processing of castor beans, said portion of vegetable oil is fed into a reactor together with a portion of approximately 20% of fatty acids preferably originating from the transesterification step that occurred during the production of biodiesel, as well as silicone, in the range of approximately 0.05%, and amines, in the range of approximately 1%, said reactor being heated to a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius for a period of four hours generating the vegetable resin that is later, in a molding step, plus approximately 50% isocyanate and 5% water to cause expansion, generating a foam block that is subsequently fragmented, in order to generate the absorbent material. now proposed for use in the removal of oily effluents.

STATE OF THE TECHNICAL PROBLEMS

[0009] The great difficulty of the man of the technique is the development of foam that depollutes oily substances from the aquatic or terrestrial environment that presents good performance in its absorption capacity, low production cost and that is still biodegradable, without harming the environment .

[0010] The person in the art already knows compositions using castor oil, a very effective product for obtaining polyurethane foam. It turns out that this component has a high cost, which is why the technical man has already tried to use it mixed with glycerol, or residual glycerin from biodiesel production, but glycerol or residual glycerin had its cost increased, when not in short supply on the market .

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The present invention aims to make feasible the solution presented here, which is based on the use of raw industrial waste discarded by vegetable oil extraction industries, and thereby obtaining a lowering of the final cost of foam production. In addition, as will be better explained later, two components were added: the trihydrated alumina that prevents fires when absorbing hydrocarbons and the expanding agent containing micro and macro nutrients to improve the biodegradability of the final product and in turn improve performance. as a fertilizer or nutrient for the environment. BENEFITS

[0012] The main advantage of the invention is to clean hydrocarbon spills in aqueous and terrestrial environments, without harming the aquatic and terrestrial fauna and flora, as well as not harming humans when handling them, both for those who produce them, as for those who apply them. There are many products on the market for this type of work, and they have proven to be totally inefficient and often very expensive, not compensating for their use, because: they do not absorb the pollutant completely; they sink together with the absorbed hydrocarbon polluting the aquatic bottom, they are not biodegradable, they are discarded improperly, etc. In addition, they are produced with raw material of vegetable origin and therefore do not have a certain destination for their disposal. There are cases where the cost to apply these products is very high, making emergency care for nature unfeasible and harming it more and more. Every day that passes, it is necessary to take care of nature that is being threatened with extinction by various attacks with chemical products that, on the one hand, solve the immediate problem, but, on the other hand, cause even worse collateral damage.

[0013] In short, a polymeric depolluting foam composition was developed that had the following advantages: - had good performance for absorbing oily pollutants or hydrocarbons from the aquatic environment, such as the ocean, lakes, rivers, etc. or terrestrial; - represented a non-toxic or non-polluting product, for the people in charge of its production or application, which could be discarded in the environment, without prejudice to it; - was biodegradable after use; - presents density and structural conformation capable of floating in water during the process of absorbing the pollutant and sinking after completion of absorption; - to use industrial waste from other manufactures as raw materials to obtain it, reducing its cost and eliminating the need to dispose of this waste.

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The present invention deals with polymeric depolluting foam comprising: - vegetable oils rich in ricinoleic acid and its derivatives; - industrial residues from the manufacture of vegetable oil or the processing of vegetables; - industrial residues containing sugars from the manufacture of vegetable oil or the processing of vegetables; - aluminum oxide trihydrate; - micro and macro nutrients; - microorganisms; and - process to obtain it.

[0015] The composition may also contain residues from sugar cane and biodiesel transesterification that generates glycerin or glycerol residues.

[0016] The polymeric depolluting foam according to the invention is made of polyurethane and has good oil or hydrocarbon absorption properties and buoyancy.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] The composition of polyurethane polymeric depolluting foam according to the invention is composed of four raw materials, comprising a vegetable oil and waste from the production process, as shown below:

[0018] 1 - Vegetable oils (castor) containing ricinoleic acid which has the power to increase the number of OH (OH = hydroxyls) to obtain greater resistance and hardness in the final product. Vegetable oils are obtained by pressing and filtering their seeds. An example of used ricinoleic vegetable oil is castor oil or castor oil.

[0019] 2 - Raw industrial residues from the extraction of soy oil, which were discarded and, according to the invention, are treated and converted into a polymeric element to help in the absorption of hydrocarbons, presenting enzymes such as “lipase” (lipases are enzymes that act on lipids, catalyzing any chemical reaction that these molecules may undergo), in this case, for a more effective biodegradation.

[0020] 3 - Industrial residues of molasses (syrup) from the production process of derivatives of vegetables such as soy and are used in the composition of the molecular chain with high OH, to increase the biodegradability power, containing its molecular composition, micro- organisms.

[0021] 4 - Industrial waste containing corn glucose, which because it contains sucrose helps both in the absorption of leaks, and also because it contains microorganisms, it helps in the biodegradability of the foam used.

[0022] These four residual components of plant origin, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, are indicated below: - Ricinus; - Waste treated from the manufacture of soybean oil; - Treated residue of soybean molasses; and - Treated corn glucose residue.

[0023] The present invention deals with polymeric depolluting foam according to the invention comprises: - castor oil; - treated residue from the manufacture of soybean oil; - treated residue of soybean molasses; - treated residue of corn glucose; - sugars from the manufacture of vegetable oil or the processing of vegetables; - aluminum oxide trihydrate; - micro and macro nutrients; and - microorganisms.

[0024] Castor oil:

[0025] The preferred vegetable oil rich in ricinoleic acids is castor oil due to its high content of ricinoleic acid, combined with its availability and low cost. Castor oil or castor oil (or castor oil or castor oil) is obtained from the seeds of the plant Ricinus communis, which contain approximately 40 to 50 percent oil. The oil in turn contains 70 to 77 percent of ricinoleic acid triglycerides. Unlike the seeds of this plant itself, it is not toxic, as the ricin is not soluble in the oil.

[0026] Castor oil, or castor oil, comprises fatty acid triglycerides containing 18 carbons consisting of approximately 90% hydroxy acids, virtually all ricinoleic acids, in addition to oleic acid and linoleic acid. The oil consists of about 70% trihydroxy ester, glyceryl triricinoleate and about 30% dihydroxy ester, glyceryl diricinoleate monooleate or glyceryl diricinoleate monolinoleate.

[0027] Ricinoleic oil is used in an amount of 30 to 85% by weight of ricinoleic oil, based on the total weight of the mixture, preferably 30 to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. As an example, we can mention castor oil, or castor oil.

[0028] Industrial waste from the soybean oil extraction process:

[0029] Soybean oil residue is purchased on the market as crude oil. This crude oil is heated between 75 and 85 °C, and thrown into cold water to cause thermal shock, resulting in the separation of 10% of lecithin, 15% of decantable fats, and 5% of immiscible residue is also discarded. At the end, 60 to 70% of treated residue is obtained, which can be used in the composition of the foam.

[0030] It is preferably used from 15 to 60% of this residue by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.

[0031] Soy molasses residue:

[0032] The industrial residue of soybean molasses is presented in the pasty form (black color), coming from the extraction of soybean oil that is soluble in water.

[0033] This residue undergoes pre-treatment to remove magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron, in a total of approximately 3 to 5% by mass. The process for sucrose extraction is carried out by distillation, extracting 5 to 10% of water. The resulting sucrose is called molasses, with sugars accounting for 60 to 70% by mass.

[0034] It is used from 13 to 65%, preferably from 10 to 70%, by mass of industrial waste containing sugars from the manufacture of vegetable oil, preferably soy, in relation to the total mass of the composition.

[0035] Industrial waste containing corn sugars:

[0036] These residues are directly obtained from vegetable oil extracting industries, such as corn. Corn is crushed during processing to obtain corn oil, resulting in a pasty residue containing glucose. This pasty residue is treated with heat and by distillation 5% of water is removed and a glucose concentrate is obtained to which diethanolamine is added to increase the number of functional hydroxyls.

[0037] From 8 to 55%, preferably from 10 to 60%, by mass of this industrial residue is used in the composition of the foam.

[0038] The man in the art already knows polyurethane foam obtained using sucrose from sugar cane, but the foam obtained with these two industrial residues (soybean molasses and residue containing corn glucose), performed better than the previous one .

[0039] Aluminum oxide trihydrate:

[0040] This component is responsible for the thermal and flame retardant protection of the foam obtained at the end.

[0041] It is used from 01 to 10% of aluminum oxide trihydrate, by mass in relation to the total mass of the composition, preferably between 5 and 10%.

[0042] Micro and macro nutrients:

[0043] They correspond to 0.2 to 10% of microorganisms, preferably 0.03 to 5% by mass relative to the mass of the final composition. As some examples we can mention: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium.

[0044] Microorganisms:

[0045] The microorganisms used are chosen from the group consisting of: aerobic, anaerobic, facultative and microaerophilic bacteria, Celvidrio ochaceae, Celvibrio Consorciados, Rizobium, Azotobacter chroococcum, Spirochaeta cytophaga, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium, or mixtures thereof.

[0046] 0.02 to 2% are added, preferably 0.03 to 3% of microorganisms, by mass relative to the total mass of the composition.

[0047] Both soybean molasses and residue containing corn sugar naturally contain enzymes.

[0048] The components are mixed and transformed into a resin with a high rate of OH functional, to form a lattice with a change in its molecular polarity, which increases its ability to absorb hydrocarbons.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the invention, the polymeric depolluting composition comprises by weight relative to the total weight of the composition: - 28 to 72% of vegetable oils rich in ricinoleic acid and its derivatives; - 15 to 60% of industrial waste from the manufacture of vegetable oil; 13 to 65% of industrial residues containing sugars from the manufacture of vegetable oil or the processing of vegetables; - 1 to 10% aluminum oxide trihydrate; - 0.2 to 10% of micro and macro nutrients; - 0.2 to 2% of microorganisms.

[0050] According to another embodiment of the invention, the polymeric depolluting composition comprises by weight relative to the total weight of the composition: - 28 to 72% of vegetable oils rich in ricinoleic acids and their derivatives; - 15 to 60% of treated industrial waste from the soybean oil extraction process; - 8 to 30% of soy molasses industrial residue; - 8 to 55% treated corn glucose residue; - 1 to 7% aluminum oxide trihydrate; - 0.03 to 5% of micro and macro nutrients; - 0.03 to 3% of microorganisms.

[0051] According to yet another embodiment of the invention (narrower bands), the polymeric depolluting composition comprises by mass relative to the total mass of the composition: - 30 to 60% of vegetable oils rich in ricinoleic acids and their derivatives; - 15 to 60% of treated industrial waste from the soybean oil extraction process; - 8 to 30% of soy molasses treated industrial waste; - 8 to 55% treated corn glucose residue; - 1 to 7% aluminum oxide trihydrate; - 0.03 to 5% of micro and macro nutrients; - 0.03 to 3% of microorganisms.

[0052] The main difference of the present invention compared to state-of-the-art inventions is the raw material used in it, comprising low-cost materials, such as: the residue from the extraction of soybean oil, extraction of molasses (syrup) from the soy oil production process, and glucose extracted from corn (corn starch), which gives greater power of degradability after absorption of hydrocarbons, and even after being thrown into the earth for decomposition (they are biodegradable), can be used as fertilizer too.

[0053] Process for obtaining the foam:

[0054] First stage of the process:

[0055] In a first step, the following reagents are introduced into a chemical reactor at a temperature between 100 and 160°C: vegetable oils rich in ricinoleic acids and their derivatives, industrial residue from the soy oil extraction process, industrial residue of molasses soy and industrial residue containing corn sugar, plus a polarity harmonizing agent, diethanolamine, propylene glycol and secondary and tertiary amines, under vacuum and after 2 to 4 hours the viscosity reaches 700 to 800 cps measured in a Brooksfield apparatus.

[0054] About 0.5 to 5% of diethanolamine is used by mass relative to the mass of the mixture; about 0.2 to 6% Propylene glycol and about 0.2 to 3% secondary and tertiary amines.

[0057] In the first step, the reagents undergo polycondensation to form OH groups and free radicals. Through the polymerization reaction, the polymeric chains increase, resulting in a reticulum with polarity, that is, the number of OH functional hydroxyls in the molecular chain increases (example: from 100 OH to 400 OH), and without this hot reaction, it would be impossible acquire the final characteristics of this polymer.

[0058] This reaction causes the separation of electrical charges causing the molecules to become dipolar. Finishing this process in the reactor, the polymeric resin that will be used for the second stage of the process is obtained.

[0059] In addition to the polarity harmonizing agent, silicone surfactant can also be used.

[0060] From the reaction of the raw materials, a product containing triglyceride oils is obtained, which forms a prepolymer with the ideal polarity to obtain the final product, through the second stage.

[0061] This stage is fundamental, as reactions occur that harmonize the polarities of the molecules of the raw materials, before obtaining the final product.

[0062] After the reaction in the reactor, the homogenized product and with harmonized polarity, has better absorption power of hydrocarbons and products that are not miscible in water or that are hydrophobic, that is, they do not absorb water.

[0063] The miscibility of soy residues and glucose is what ensures biodegradation after using the foam for absorption, as they contain enzymes and microorganisms. Thus, it accelerates the decomposition of the absorbed product which, in turn, collaborates with the environment for a quick recovery of the soil, returning to the environment and thus closing a complete cycle of protection to the environment, starting with the planting (ricinus, soy and corn), extraction, residues from the production process, absorption of leaks, biodegradation and, finally, returning to nature for a new planting cycle.

[0064] The composition may also contain residues from sugar cane and/or from the transesterification of biodiesel that generates glycerin or glycerol residues.

[0065] Second part of the production process:

[0066] In a second step, to the mixture obtained in the previous step, aluminum oxide trihydrate and the chain expanding agent are added together with the catalyst, in a cold mixer with stirring, and then the mass is transferred to the molds to obtain the final product.

[0067] The catalyst can be any known to the person in the art for obtaining polyurethanes, but preferably 35 to 75% by mass of isocyanates in relation to the mass of the mixture is used, or a molar ratio of 1:1 of catalyst with respect to the reaction mass.

[0068] In ancient processes for obtaining polyurethane, freon gas was used as foaming agents for foaming, which is currently prohibited from use because it is highly toxic.

[0069] For the expansion to occur, a chain expander liquid with micro and macro nutrients is used which, in addition to expanding the foam in an ecologically correct way (CFC gas is not used), it represents an excellent component to nourish the earth, when of the decomposition of the product already used after absorption of the hydrocarbons, since it is an aqueous solution that comprises micro and macro nutrients. 5 to 15% by mass is used in relation to the reaction mass of this solution, which comprises micro and macro nutrients such as: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, in the form of their salts or oxides, such as, for example: potassium phosphate or calcium oxide.

[0070] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass contained in the mixer of the second stage is immediately poured into molds, measuring 1m x 1m x 1m, where the expansion of the product begins, transforming it into polymeric foam. After the formation of the foam, let it rest for 12 hours and then demould it. The foam blocks can be cut or shredded according to the desired application.

[0071] The final polymeric material can be considered “green”, as it is manufactured from: vegetable oils, and residues from production processes for the extraction of soy oil, glycerin and molasses, and used to absorb hydrocarbon leaks ( petroleum derivatives and other types of oils not miscible in water), in aqueous and/or terrestrial media, with biodegradation characteristics after use, also serving as a fertilizer.

[0072] Final presentation of the product: - crushed into particles of different sizes, including in some cases of leaks where there is a mirror of oil on water, it can be transformed into powder for the total cleaning of the spill; - shredded with larger dimensions to be placed in containment barriers; - cut into blades for cleaning different types of floors.

[0073] The first impact in relation to previous technologies is the use of industrial waste from vegetable oil production processes, which would normally be discarded and, today, purchased at very low cost. With the pre-treatments already explained, they can be added to the castor oil in the reactor and can change the polarity and, in turn, the polyols as well. Another relevant factor is the addition of trihydrated alumina that makes the final product self-extinguishing and the expanding agent containing micro and macro nutrients, which facilitate the decomposition of the final product used, that is, with absorbed hydrocarbons and help in the fertilization of the environment where the product is discarded.

[0074] The following examples have the purpose of merely illustrating the invention and should not be used for limiting purposes.

Example 1

[0075] A test was carried out with the invention in which the following raw materials were initially used: - Castor Oil; - Industrial residue from the manufacture of soybean oil; - Industrial residue of soybean molasses; and - Industrial residue of corn glucose.

[0076] The industrial residue from the manufacture of soybean oil was purchased on the market as crude oil. This crude oil was heated to approximately 90°C, divided into 3 portions, each successively introduced into cold water to cause thermal shock, resulting in the separation of 10% of lecithin, 15% of decantable fats, with 5% still being discarded. immiscible residue. At the end, 70% of treated residue was obtained, which was used in the composition of the foam.

[0077] The industrial residue of corn molasses used was in pasty form (black color). This residue underwent pre-treatment to remove magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron, in a total of approximately 5% by mass. The process for sucrose extraction was carried out by distillation, extracting 20% of water. The resulting sucrose was called molasses, with sugars accounting for 75% by mass.

[0078] Another industrial residue from vegetable oil extracting industries was used, in the case of corn. Corn was crushed during processing to obtain corn oil, resulting in a pasty residue containing glucose. This pasty residue was treated with heat and distillation. 20% of water was removed and a glucose concentrate was obtained to which diethanolamine was added to increase the number of functional hydroxyls.

[0079] The castor oil plus the three pre-treated industrial residues were used in a first stage, in which the quantities of reagents by mass relative to the total mass of the mixture were introduced into a chemical reactor, indicated in Table 1 below: TABLE 1

[0080] The tertiary amine 1,4 diazabicyclo (2,2,(2) octane used was dissolved in Dipropylene glycol (63 to 70% by mass).

[0081] The temperature was raised to a temperature of 140°C and maintained under vacuum and stirring, and after 2 hours the viscosity reached 800 cps, measured in a Brooksfield apparatus.

[0082] The mixture obtained in the previous step was transferred to a mixer where aluminum oxide trihydrate and the chain expanding agent were added together with the catalyst, cold and with stirring, and was immediately poured into molds measuring 1m X 1m X 1m where the expansion of the product began, transforming it into polymeric foam. After the formation of the foam, it was left to rest for 12 hours and then demoulded.

[0083] Below Table 2 that indicates the content of each component added, in percentage by mass in relation to the reaction mass: TABLE 2

[0084] Polymeric MDI (diphenylmethane-diisocyanate) was used as catalyst.

[0085] The aqueous solution for expansion contained 10% by mass of micro and macro nutrients: 2.5% by mass of nitrogen, 2.5% by mass of phosphorus, 2.5% by mass of potassium and 2.5% by mass of calcium.

[0086] Methodology used in the buoyancy and absorption tests of the obtained polyurethane resin:

[0087] The analysis of oil and water absorption, and the buoyancy test were performed in triplicate, according to ASTM F726-12.

a) Oil and water absorption

[0088] Three types of lubricating oils were used in this analysis, as follows: -1. 15W-40; -two. 25W-50; and -3. 85W-140.

[0089] The samples, as well as the oils used, were stored 24 hours before the test in a climate-controlled room at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C and a humidity of 70 ± 20%. The dry material was weighed, approximately 5g. The material (test specimen) was placed on an oil slide with a thickness greater than the sample, floating freely for 15 minutes, without interference. Soon after, the generated specimen was weighed again. The same procedure was performed using distilled water as the medium.

b) Buoyancy

[0090] 5 g of sample was weighed, which was added to 1.5 L of water. The system was stirred at 140 rpm for 15 minutes. After this time, the system was placed at rest for 2 minutes and observed.

[0091] Results

[0092] Below are the results noted, in an informative quantitative way not linked to acceptance criteria according to the ASTM F726-12 standard.

a) Oil and water absorption

[0093] The absorption capacities obtained for each type of oil and water are described in Table 3 below: TABLE 3

b) Buoyancy

[0094] After carrying out the buoyancy test, the test conditions were recorded, which are shown in Table 4 below: TABLE 4

[0095] Conclusion

[0096] The absorption capacity was very similar in the three oil samples, showing no significant differences in the absorption capacity of hydrocarbons for the polyurethane foam. The evaluated sample of POLYURETHANE FOAM showed buoyancy during the three tests of the applied tests.

Claims (22)

1. “POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM COMPOSITION”, characterized by comprising: - vegetable oils rich in ricinoleic acid and its derivatives; - industrial waste from the manufacture of vegetable oil; - industrial residues containing sugars from the manufacture of vegetable oil or the processing of vegetables; - aluminum oxide trihydrate; - micro and macro nutrients; and - microorganisms, 2. "COMPOSITION OF POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM", according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises castor oil or castor oil. 3. “POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM COMPOSITION”, according to claim 1, characterized by additionally comprising residue from sugar cane and transesterification of biodiesel that generates residues containing glycerin or glycerol. 4. “COMPOSITION OF POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM”, according to claim 1, characterized by comprising: - castor oil; - treated residue from the manufacture of soybean oil; - treated residue of soybean molasses; - treated residue of corn glucose; - sugars from the manufacture of vegetable oil or the processing of vegetables; - aluminum oxide trihydrate; - micro and macro nutrients; - microorganisms. 5. "POLYMER DEPOLUTING FOAM COMPOSITION", according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises ricinoleic oil in an amount of 30 to 85% by mass of ricinoleic oil, relative to the total mass of the mixture, preferably 30 to 60% by mass relative to to the total mass of the composition. 6. “POLYMER POLYMER DEPOLUTING FOAM COMPOSITION”, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises from 15 to 60% by mass in relation to the total mass of the treated vegetable oil waste composition. 7. “COMPOSITION OF POLYMER POLYMER FOAM”, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises from 13 to 65% by mass in relation to the total mass of treated soy molasses residue. 8. “COMPOSITION OF POLYMER POLYMER FOAM”, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises from 8 to 55% by mass in relation to the total mass of treated corn glucose residue. 9. "POLYMER POLYMER DEPOLUTING FOAM COMPOSITION", according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises from 1 to 10% of aluminum oxide trihydrate, by mass relative to the total mass of the composition. 10. "POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM COMPOSITION", according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises 0.2 to 10% of nutrients, preferably 0.03 to 5% by mass relative to the mass of the final composition. 11. "COMPOSITION OF POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM", according to claim 10, characterized by comprising nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. 12. "COMPOSITION OF POLYMER POLYMER FOAM", according to claim 1, characterized by comprising microorganisms chosen from the group consisting of: aerobic, anaerobic, facultative and microaerophilic bacteria, Celvidrio ochaceae, Celvibrio Consorciados, Rizobium, Azotobacter chroococcum, Spirochaeta cytophaga, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium, or mixtures thereof. 13. "POLYMER DEPOLUTING FOAM COMPOSITION", according to claim 1 or 12, characterized in that it comprises 0.02 to 2% of microorganisms, preferably 0.03 to 3% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition. 14. "COMPOSITION OF POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM", according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises by mass in relation to its total mass of the composition: 28 to 72% of vegetable oils rich in ricinoleic acid and its derivatives; 15 to 60% of industrial waste from the manufacture of vegetable oil; 13 to 65% of industrial residues containing sugars from the manufacture of vegetable oil or the processing of vegetables; 1 to 10% aluminum oxide trihydrate; 0.2 to 10% of micro and macro nutrients; and 0.2 to 2% microorganisms. 15. "COMPOSITION OF POLYMER POLYMER FOAM", according to claim 1, characterized by comprising: 28 to 72% of vegetable oils rich in ricinoleic acids and their derivatives; 15 to 60% of treated industrial waste from the soybean oil extraction process; 8 to 30% of soy molasses treated industrial waste; 8 to 55% treated corn glucose residue; 1 to 7% aluminum oxide trihydrate; 0.03 to 5% of micro and macro nutrients; and 0.03 to 3% microorganisms. 16. "POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM COMPOSITION", according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises by mass in relation to its total composition mass: 30 to 60% of vegetable oils rich in ricinoleic acids and their derivatives; 15 to 60% of treated industrial waste from the soybean oil extraction process; 8 to 30% of soy molasses treated industrial waste; 8 to 55% corn glucose residue; 1 to 7% aluminum oxide trihydrate; 0.03 to 5% of micro and macro nutrients; and 0.03 to 3% microorganisms. 17. "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING POLYMER POLYMER FOAM", based on the composition as defined in claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it comprises the steps below: (a) in a first step, they are introduced into a chemical reactor at a temperature between 100 and 160° C the following reagents: vegetable oils rich in ricinoleic acids and their derivatives, industrial residue from the soy oil extraction process, industrial residue of soy molasses and industrial residue containing corn sugars, plus a polarity harmonizing agent, diethanolamine, Propylene glycol and secondary and tertiary amines, under vacuum and after 2 to 4 hours the viscosity reaches 700 to 800 cps measured in a Brooksfield apparatus; and (b) in a second step, to the mixture obtained in the previous step, aluminum oxide trihydrate and the chain expanding agent are added together with the catalyst, in a cold mixer with stirring, and then the mass is transferred to the molds to obtain the final product. 18. "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM", according to claim 17, characterized by additionally comprising residue from sugar cane and transesterification of biodiesel that generates residues containing glycerin or glycerol. 19. “PROCESS FOR OBTAINING POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM”, according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises, by mass relative to the mass of the mixture, 0.5 to 5% of diethanolamine; 0.2 to 6% Propylene glycol and 0.2 to 3% secondary and/or tertiary amines. 20. "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING POLYMER DEPOLUTING FOAM", according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises a molar ratio of 1:1 of catalyst in relation to the reaction mass. 21. "PROCESS FOR OBTAINING POLYMER DEPOLUTING FOAM", according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises from 5 to 15% by mass in relation to the total mass of the mixture of expanding agent aqueous solution containing micro and macro nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. 22. "POLYMERIC DEPOLUTING FOAM", based on the composition as defined in claims 1 to 16 and on the process as defined in claims 17 to 21, characterized by being made of polyurethane and presented in various forms suitable for its type of use. application.