BR102017002516A2 - macadamia nut shell fiber-reinforced polyurethane (pu) compound as a vegetable oil sorbent - Google Patents

Abstract

macadamia nut shell fiber-reinforced polyurethane (pu) compound as a vegetable oil sorbent.new sorbent, or adsorbent compound, which promotes the adhesion of molecules of a fluid (the adsorbed) to a solid surface (the adsorbent or sorbent) ; where the degree of adsorption depends on the temperature, pressure and especially the surface area of the porous solid sorbent material, which is the basis of polyurethane polymer (pu) and macadamia nut shell fiber for the purpose of adsorbing or sorbing , through chemical or physical forces oil substances dissolved in liquids, especially vegetable oils contained in rivers and lakes in order to promote their depollution, cleaning and preservation of the environment.

Description

(54) Title: POLYURETHANE COMPOUNDS (PU) REINFORCED WITH MACADAMIA WALNUT FIBER AS VEGETABLE OIL SORBENT (51) Int. Cl .: B01J 20/28 (73) Holder (s): GRAZIELE DE OLIVEIRA TOSTIS, DANIELLA REGINA MULINARI, JOYCE DE PAULA CIPRIANO, ROBERTO DE OLIVEIRA MAGNAGO (72) Inventor (s): DANIELLA REGINA MULINARI; GRAZIELE DE OLIVEIRA TOSTIS; JOYCE DE PAULA CIPRIANO; ROBERTO DE OLIVEIRA MAGNAGO (85) Start date of the National Phase:

07/02/2017 (57) Abstract: POLYURETHANE COMPOUND (PU) REINFORCED WITH MACADAMIA WALK SHELL AS A VEGETABLE OIL SORBENT. New sorbent or adsorbent compound that promotes the adhesion of molecules in a fluid (the adsorbed) to a solid surface (the adsorbent or sorbent); where the degree of adsorption depends on temperature, pressure and mainly on the surface area of the porous solid sorbent material, which is constituted by the base of the polyurethane polymer (PU) and macadamia nut shell fiber with the purpose of adsorbing, or sipping , through chemical or physical forces, oleaginous substances dissolved in liquids, especially vegetable oils contained in rivers and lakes in order to promote their depollution, cleaning and preservation of the environment.

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POLYURETHANE COMPOUND (PU) REINFORCED WITH FIBER MACADAMIA NUT SHELL AS VEGETABLE OIL SORBENT [001] This report deals with the detailed description of the formulation of a new sorbent compound, or adsorbent, which promotes the adhesion of molecules of a fluid ( the adsorbed) to a solid surface (the adsorbent or sorbent); where the degree of adsorption depends on temperature, pressure and mainly on the surface area of the porous solid sorbent material, which is constituted by the base of the polyurethane polymer (PU) and macadamia nut shell fiber with the purpose of adsorbing, or sipping , through chemical or physical forces, oleaginous substances dissolved in liquids, especially vegetable oils contained in rivers and lakes in order to promote their depollution, cleaning and preservation of the environment.

Field of application [002] The polyurethane (PU) compound reinforced with fiber from the macadamia nut shell as a vegetable oil sorbent, object of this patent, has application in the preservation of the environment, both industrial and residential, regarding cleaning of rivers, lakes and freshwater lakes, where oleaginous materials such as industrial and vegetable oils such as cooking oil are dumped, in order to improve the quality of the water collected by the treatment and distribution of drinking water.

[003] Polluting rivers and lakes is costly and inevitable in the long run. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative technologies to improve water quality and increase aquatic biodiversity, capable of controlling the spread of the oil poured into them.

[004] Thanks to the increased consumption of vegetable oil, and the lack of preparation for the proper disposal of this material, several environmental accidents can be caused. One of the methods to contain the oil spill is the application of polymeric sorbent materials. And among the various polymers, polyurethane is a more accessible and less costly option of porous polymeric sorbents.

[005] Studies with Polyurethane (PU) composites reinforced with macadamia nut fiber revealed results that the PU composite reinforced with 10% w / w presents a better sorption capacity of vegetable oil when compared to the pure PU composite.

Problem to be solved

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2/8 [006] Residual vegetable oil, when released into the sewage network, can cause the pipes to clog and increase sewage treatment costs. Soils are also impacted when they receive virgin or residual vegetable oil, as this waterproofs it, destabilizing it and causing flooding. Currently in Brazil, cleanings are not always carried out to remove the oil that remains stuck in the sewage and river galleries, and the means to avoid this is only the population's awareness, that is, the means that prevent these oils from becoming deposit in the galleries. Only when a spill occurs on the high seas and the authorized ones mobilize, and in general barriers are used to contain the spill.

[007] Conventional water treatment is very costly in the long run, which is why alternative depollution technologies are necessary.

[008] Thus, with this, the invention proposed here fits into viable alternative technologies aimed at this treatment of water from sewage and river galleries, in addition to not affecting the environment when used.

State of the Art [009] There are some scientific articles and patent documents that describe several adsorbent compounds for different polluting materials, especially for adsorption of oil spilled in oceans and for adsorption and cleaning of polluted waters with other different oil fluids, however none of these materials it has the composition, ease of obtaining and low cost of the compound described in this patent. Among these documents, the following can be highlighted:

[010] The article by O.S.H. Santos, et. Al, 2016, who studied the influence of lignin concentration when used with polyurethane foam for sorption of crude oil. The foams showed an improvement in the oil sorption capacity in a PUF / oil / water system and the PUF-10 showed an improvement of about 35.5% compared to the pure PUF; [011] The article by W. M. Florentino, et. Al, 2014 and Ingriddy Dantas, et. Al, 2016, where they evaluated the use of polyurethane composites derived from castor oil reinforced with palm fibers for sorption of diesel oil and compared them to pure polyurethane (PU). The composites

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3/8 were reinforced with 5 to 20% w / w of fibers. Where the amount of voids in composites reinforced with 20% w / w increased and favored the sorption of oils;

[012] Tanobe's article, V.O. A, et. Al, 2004, where he used flexible recycled polyurethane foam as the sorbent material for crude oil and its derivations in dry and aqueous systems. The sorption tests were conducted in an artificial marine environment with agitation at 25 ° C, and in a dry system, without agitation, both in different periods of time. Concluding that, in short sorption times, the pore area is the main factor of sorption, while in long sorption times, the number of pores of the sorbent material is the main factor of the sorption mechanism;

[013] The article by Ola Abdelwahab, 2014, which revealed that the efficiency of fibers to remove crude oil from seawater was related to the surface Properties of the fibers, oil concentration, fiber quantity, as well as the oil temperature crude. The results show a high sorption efficiency of luffa fibers for different types of oil; [014] Patent document PI0504096-5, A NEW SORBENT MATERIAL FOR PETROLEUM AND DERIVATIVES COMPOUND ON THE BASIS OF VEGETABLE FIBER (CHORISIA SPECIOSA), which deals with a new sorbent material for oil and derivatives based on vegetable fiber (chorisia speciosa ) the best performing sorbents used for the removal of contaminants by petroleum and various hydrocarbons are synthetic polymers, however, these materials are not biodegradable, have a high cost, do not come from a renewable source, and not always the reuse of energy from the post-synthetic sorbent. consumed is the best option (as in the case of polyurethane). The vast majority of vegetable sorbents used to mitigate oil and hydrocarbon spills available on the market are imported and, in general, absorb a lot of water. The present invention presents a compound egg based on vegetable fiber with a sorption capacity comparable to synthetic materials, with several advantages such as: being from a renewable, biodegradable source, having low water sorption and selectivity for oil, it can be used in energy reuse without the concern with the release of toxic gases if the material is incinerated, it constitutes yet another national product available on the market, reducing our market dependence on products

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4/8 imported, as well as the lowest cost in relation to the other efficient vegetable sorbents sold;

[015] Patent document BR102012031354-5, PROCESS OF OBTAINING HYDROPHOBIC FIBERS FROM HYDROCARBONS AND OILS, which describes a process for obtaining hydrophobic fibers absorbing hydrocarbons and oils. New process for obtaining and the product thus obtained from hydrophobic fibers absorbing hydrocarbons and oils, used to absorb oils and hydrocarbons, especially coming from oil not accidentally spilled in different aqueous environments, obtained through a specific process with natural raw material, which prevents the production of waste, and improves containment in spill collection. Therefore, in an ecologically correct product, intended to improve the recovery and neutralization of contaminating spills from oil and its derivatives, where another application, of less importance of this product, with excellent results, is in the dry cleaning of confined places where it becomes very difficult to remove residues of oils, fuels and other derivatives of hydrocarbons. Thus avoiding the use of water with detergent. The elimination of the use of water as a cleaning agent is understood to be of fundamental importance given the complexity that this resource presents at a global level;

[016] Patent document ES2108605, NEW ABSORBENTS OF POLAR COMPOUNDS, PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS. New absorbers of mineral origin that are selective for non-polar compounds, the process for their preparation and applications The new absorbers comprise a mineral absorber treated with a waterproof substance, in a proportion between 2 and 11% by weight with base on the absorbent. The process comprises: (a) mixing the water-proof substance previously diluted in a solvent with the absorbent and removing the solvent by heat treatment, or (b) applying the water-repellent substance directly to the absorbent followed by a heat treatment, or (c) immersing the absorbent in an emulsion of the water-repellent substance in water, removing the absorbent and subjecting it to a heat treatment to dry it. Application in the selective separation of hydrocarbons that are dispersed or present in water bodies, for example, the elimination of tides

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5/8 black, containment and cleaning of spills, contamination of effluents, bed purifier, etc. and [017] Patent document EP0500518 or ES2084333 METHOD FOR REGENERATING SUBSTRATES WITH MICRO-ORGANISMS. Process for the regeneration of substrates with microorganisms, for example, soil, sand or similar, which, at a temperature of up to 80 ° C, in particular at room temperature, which are contaminated with liquid petroleum mineral products, mineral oil fractions, or similar, for example, heating oils, diesel oils, and in particular hydrocarbons, the substrate to be mixed with nutrients and the mixture to be submitted, in particular for an aerobic fermentation, the contaminated substrate being mixed with, preferably 0.1 % by weight to 5.0% by weight, in particular 0.5% by weight to 2.0% by weight, of a mass of sterilized microorganisms, in relation to the mixture, and which, during fermentation, has a water content at least 5.0% by weight, in particular between 10.0% by weight, and 15.0% by weight.

Object of the Invention [018] According to the above, it is one of the main objectives of the present invention, to provide a sorbent material from the polyurethane (PU) composite derived from castor oil reinforced with fiber from the macadamia nut shell, for obtain a housing that has spongy characteristics, and is durable, inexpensive, available on a large scale, and above all, that has a huge amount of connected pores that can provide high oil sorption capacity, with great availability in the market, considering it as a solution to the problem of oilseed waste generation in fresh water. It is in this context that the idea of this innovation in the area of sorbent materials arose as a solution to the problem addressed above, which showed efficiency in the sorption capacity for cleaning in fresh water, absorbing cooking oil to reduce impurities and providing improvement in the state. of this fresh water.

Description of the invention [019] The polyurethane (PU) compound reinforced with macadamia nut shell as a vegetable oil sorbent, the object of the present patent, is a solid porous reinforced composite obtained by mixing PU polyurethane by reaction of a diisocyanate

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6/8 with a polyol, where the polyol is a derivative of castor oil, with the prepolymer (1: 1) and dry and sieved macadamia nut fiber, containing from 5 to 20% w / w of fibers , with the exothermic polymerization reaction.

[020] Polyurethanes (PU) are extremely versatile polymers. PU was chosen as a polymeric matrix as it has the desirable characteristics. Polyurethane is formed by reacting a diisocyanate with a polyol where the polyol is derived from castor oil. Castor oil was chosen because vegetable oils are considered renewable, capable of offering comparable performance and have low cost when compared to polymeric materials derived from petroleum. This oil can be extracted from castor seeds, Ricinus communis.

[021] In turn, vegetable fibers are also used in sorbent materials, as they are ecologically friendly materials and can have high oil sorption capacity, low density and low cost. And the nutshell macadamia fiber has such properties and is widely available on the market, and its use in composites can be considered as a solution to the problem of waste generation in the industry.

Preferred way of carrying out the invention and results [022] The polyurethane (PU) compound reinforced with macadamia nut shell as a vegetable oil sorbent, object of the present patent, through tests showed efficiency in the sorption capacity for cleaning in fresh water, sipping cooking oil to reduce impurities and improving fresh water.

[023] Fresh water in good conditions for human use is experiencing an unbalanced relationship between supply and demand for some factors that are causing this to occur, among them the increase in consumption combined with waste, the contamination of water sources and climate change, among others. Thus, it is necessary to decontaminate this fresh water to enable its use.

[024] Fibers from macadamia nut shells and polyurethane derived from castor oil were used to make the composites. Therefore, these composites obtained from polyurethane derived from castor oil reinforced with macadamia nut shell fiber for sorption of vegetable oil were developed, treated with polymerization

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7/8 exothermic, and then compared to pure polyurethane. The composites were reinforced with 5, 10.15 and 20% w / w of fibers.

[025] The macadamia nut shell used in the study was kindly supplied by Tribeca, located on the Santa Marta-Piraí -RJ farm. The polyurethane derived from castor oil used in the development was supplied by Polyurethane, located in Belo Horizonte MG. The fibers of the macadamia nut shell were oven dried at 100 ° C for 24h, then sieved through a 35 mesh sieve. The fibers that passed through the 35 mesh sieves and were used as reinforcement for the preparation of the composites.

[026] Vegetable cooking oil used in sorption experiments is commercial, purchased in a supermarket.

[027] The composites were obtained by mass mixing the polyol with the prepolymer (1: 1) and reinforced from 5 to 20% w / w with fibers from the macadamia nut shell. The polymerization reaction was exothermic. The components were mixed for 3 minutes in a plastic package.

The following proportions of materials were used to make the composites:

Samples Fiber (g) PoSol (g) Diisocyanate (g) 0% m / m 0 30.13 30i, 13 5% w / w 3.0365 23.55 23.5152 10% w / w 6.0347 27.0254 27.0115 15% w / w 9.0143 25.4923 25.5591 20% w / w 12.0996 24.0334 24.0262

[028] The following sorption results were obtained through the tests:

Samples % Sorption 0% m / m 143,5123 5% w / w 132,0642 10% w / w 241,9914 15% w / w 194.6862 20% w / w 156.6470 '

[029] Obtaining the proportion of Optimal Sorption for Samples with 10% macadamia nut fiber.

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8/8 [030] Thus, the polyurethane (PU) compound reinforced with macadamia nut shell fiber as a vegetable oil sorbent, object of the present patent, as described above, presents a new and unique formulation that configures great advantages. in relation to compounds for oil retention currently known. Among these advantages we can mention: the fact of having cheap and easily available components on the market; the fact of having a great efficiency for sorption of common oils in fresh waters; and the fact that it is ecologically correct and promotes the preservation of the environment.

[031] Thus, due to the characteristics of functionality, formulation and application, described above, it can be clearly seen that the POLYURETHANE COMPOUND (PU) REINFORCED WITH MACADAMIA WALK SHELL AS A VEGETABLE OIL SORBENT, it is a new composed for the State of the Technique which has conditions of innovation, inventive activity and unprecedented industrialization, which make it deserve the Privilege of Invention Patent.

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Claims (2)

1 - POLYURETHANE COMPOUND (PU) REINFORCED WITH MACADAMIA WALK SHELL FIBER AS VEGETABLE OIL SORBENT, a compound for the removal of oil substances in fresh water, characterized by being a reinforced porous solid composite obtained by the mixture of PU polyurethane formed through the reaction of a diisocyanate with a polyol, with the prepolymer (1: 1) and nutshell fiber dry and sieved macadamia containing 5 to 20% w / w of fibers, with the exothermic polymerization reaction. 2 - POLYURETHANE COMPOUND (PU) REINFORCED WITH FIBER MACADAMIA NUT SHELL AS A VEGETABLE OIL SORBENT, composed according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyol is preferably a derivative of castor oil. Petition 870170008323, of 02/07/2017, p. 16/24 1/1