BR102017001995A2 - METHOD AND APPARATUS TO DETECT INCONSISTENCES IN A STRUCTURE - Google Patents

Description

Invention Patent Descriptive Report for "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTION INCONSISTENCES IN A FRAMEWORK". 1. FIELD: [001] The present disclosure relates generally to non-destructive inspection and, in particular, to non-destructive inspection of a structure. Even more particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for detecting inconsistencies in a structure using a plurality of ultrasonic signal types substantially simultaneously.

2. BACKGROUND

When manufacturing aircraft, vehicles and other structures, inspection of parts used to form these structures is often performed to determine whether the parts will have desired parameters for desired part performance. In addition, structures and parts are inspected as part of normal maintenance when aircraft, vehicles and other structures are in use.

[003] Nondestructive testing is commonly performed on these parts. Non-destructive testing is used to evaluate the properties of a part without changing the ability to use the part in service.

[004] Ultrasound testing is a type of non-destructive testing. Ultrasound testing is often used to perform inspections on aircraft parts that include or are comprised of composite materials. Ultrasound testing involves transmitting acoustic waves through a test object, such as an aircraft part or structure.

[005] Ultrasound testing is commonly performed using a transducer. The transducer is configured to send acoustic waves into a test object on a near side and detect a response to the acoustic waves. The response to these acoustic waves is analyzed to determine if inconsistencies are present in the test object.

Different types of inconsistencies can be identified using different types of acoustic waves. For example, inconsistencies on a far side of a structure can be identified using shear waves. A far side of the structure is a side of the structure opposite the near side to which acoustic waves are transmitted. As another example, inconsistencies on a near side of the structure can be identified using surface waves. In conventional ultrasonic inspection, each type of acoustic wave can be detected in a separate passage of the structure. For example, a first frame passage may detect surface waves while a second frame passage may detect shear waves. However, performing multiple frame inspection passes can take an undesirable amount of time, energy, or resources. Therefore, it would be desirable to have a method and apparatus that take into account at least some of the issues discussed above as well as other possible issues.

SUMMARY

[007] In an illustrative embodiment, a method of detecting inconsistencies in a structure is presented. A pulsed laser beam is directed at the structure. A plurality of ultrasonic signal types are formed in the structure when radiation from the pulsed laser beam is absorbed by the structure. The plurality of ultrasonic signal types are detected using a single detector to form data.

In another illustrative embodiment, a method is presented. A pulsed laser beam is directed at a structure. The pulsed laser beam is a line on a surface of the structure.

A plurality of ultrasonic signal types are formed in the structure when radiation from the pulsed laser beam is absorbed by the structure. The plurality of types of ultrasonic signals include at least one of surface waves, shear waves or longitudinal waves. The plurality of ultrasonic signal types are detected by a single point detector to form data. An inconsistency is determined to be present in the structure using the data.

In a further illustrative embodiment, an apparatus is presented. The apparatus comprises a frame, a pulsed laser beam forming a line pump on a first surface of the frame, and a pulsed laser beam forming a point detector on the first surface of the frame.

Features and functions may be independently achieved in various embodiments of the present disclosure or may also be combined in other embodiments in which additional details may be seen with reference to the following description and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Unpublished resources considered characteristic of illustrative embodiments are set forth in the appended claims. Illustrative embodiments, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, objectives and additional features thereof, will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is an illustration of an aircraft in which an illustrative embodiment may be implemented;

Figure 2 is an illustration of a block diagram of an inspection environment according to an illustrative embodiment;

Figure 3 is an illustration of a cross section of a structure being inspected according to an illustrative embodiment;

Figure 4 is an illustration of an ultrasonic pump and probe according to an illustrative embodiment;

Figure 5 is an illustration of a surface wave field image according to an illustrative embodiment;

Figure 6 is an illustration of an ultrasonic pump and probe positioned relative to a weld according to an illustrative embodiment;

Fig. 7 is an illustration of two shear wave field images according to an illustrative embodiment;

[0019] Figure 8 is an illustration of Ultrasonic scan images from a far side of a structure according to an illustrative embodiment;

Figure 9 is an illustration of a flowchart of a method for detecting inconsistencies in a structure according to an illustrative embodiment;

Figure 10 is an illustration of a flowchart of a method for determining if an inconsistency is present in a structure according to an illustrative embodiment;

Fig. 11 is an illustration of a data processing system in the form of a block diagram according to an illustrative embodiment;

Figure 12 is an illustration of an aircraft manufacture and service method in the form of a block diagram according to an illustrative embodiment; and Fig. 13 is an illustration of an aircraft in the form of a block diagram in which an illustrative embodiment may be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The different illustrative embodiments recognize and take into account one or more different considerations. For example, illustrative embodiments recognize and take into account that currently existing inspection techniques may have an undesirable level of accuracy. For example, existing inspection techniques may include ultrasonic contact or airborne probes or ultrasonic "needle" probes. These existing detectors may have an undesirable level of accuracy for some structures. In addition, some conventional single-point inspection methods, such as X-ray scattering, may not be suitable for production or in-service inspection.

Additional illustrative embodiments recognize and consider that introducing multiple wave types into a structure during testing using traditional ultrasonic transducers would typically require multiple physical transducers. There may not be enough physical space in an inspection system available for these transducers in the inspection region at a time, so multiple inspection passes would be required. Existing solutions can provide inspection of different types of inconsistencies, but not with a single inspection system or method. For example, far side inconsistencies or roughness or corrosion measurements can be detected using traditional ultrasound. However, each of these inconsistencies cannot be detected with a single inspection system or method. A separate method would be required to measure residual voltage. For example, X-ray diffraction or surface wave ultrasound can be used to measure residual stresses.

Illustrative embodiments also recognize and take into account that it may be desirable to reduce cost for inspecting inconsistencies such as joint inconsistencies, residual stress, corrosion wear, manufacturing inconsistencies or other types of inconsistencies. Illustrative embodiments also recognize and take into account that it may be desirable to ensure or improve safety when inspecting inconsistencies such as joint inconsistencies, residual stress, corrosion wear, manufacturing inconsistencies or other types of inconsistencies.

Referring now to the figures, and in particular to figure 1, an illustration of an aircraft is shown in which an illustrative embodiment may be implemented. In this illustrative example, aircraft 100 has wing 102 and wing 104 attached to fuselage 106. Aircraft 100 includes engine 108 attached to wing 102 and engine 110 attached to wing 104.

The fuselage 106 has the tail section 112. The horizontal stabilizer 114, the horizontal stabilizer 116 and the vertical stabilizer 118 are attached to the tail section 112 of the fuselage 106.

Aircraft 100 is an example of an aircraft having composite structures or structures formed of other materials that can be inspected with a laser ultrasound inspection system according to an illustrative embodiment. For example, at least one of the wings, wing 102 or wing 104, may be inspected using a laser ultrasound inspection system.

As used herein, the phrase "at least one" when used with an item list means that different combinations of one or more of the items listed may be used, and only one of each item in the list may be used. required. In other words, "at least one" means that any combination of items and number of items can be used from the list, but not all items in the list are required. The item can be a particular object, thing, or category.

For example, "at least one of item A, item B, or item C" may include, without limitation, item A, item A and item B, or item B. This example may also include item A, item B and item C or item B and item C. Of course, any combinations of these items may be present. In other examples, "at least one" may be, without limitation, two of item A; one from item B; and ten from item C; four from item B and seven from item C; or other suitable combinations.

This illustration of aircraft 100 is provided for purposes of illustrating an environment in which different illustrative embodiments may be implemented. The illustration of aircraft 100 in Fig. 1 is not intended to indicate architectural limitations such as the manner in which different illustrative embodiments may be implemented. For example, aircraft 100 is shown as a commercial airliner. The different illustrative embodiments may apply to other types of aircraft, such as a private passenger plane, a helicopter or other suitable types of aircraft.

Although illustrative examples for an illustrative embodiment are described with respect to an aircraft, an illustrative embodiment may be applied to other types of platforms. The platform may be, for example, a mobile platform, a stationary platform, a land structure, an aquatic structure or a spatial structure. More specifically, the platform may be a suitable surface vessel, tank, personnel carrier, train, spaceship, space station, satellite, submarine, automobile, manufacturing facility, building or other suitable platform. .

Further, although structures may be formed of composite materials, a multimodal inspection may be performed for any desirable type of material. For example, a plurality of waves may be used to inspect ceramics or metals.

Also, an illustrative embodiment may be applied to other types of structures. For example, structures other than platforms can be inspected for material changes using a laser ultrasound inspection system. Structures, other than platforms, may include medical devices, prosthetics, or any other desirable products for the classification, diagnosis, treatment, or prevention or any combination or sub-combination thereof of physical or mental health conditions in humans or animals.

Referring now to Figure 2, an illustration of a block diagram of an inspection environment is depicted according to an illustrative embodiment. As depicted, the inspection environment 200 includes structure 202. Structure 202 can have any number of shapes. For example, the frame 202 may be a part for an aircraft.

The frame 202 may be inspected using the laser ultrasound inspection system 204. As shown, the laser ultrasound inspection system 204 includes motion system 206, the number of detectors 208, the light source 210 and the controller 212.

In these illustrative examples, controller 212 controls the operation of laser ultrasound inspection system 204. Controller 212 may be implemented using hardware, software, firmwa-re or a combination thereof.

In these illustrative examples, controller 212 may be implemented within computer system 214. Computer system 214 may be one or more computers. When more than one computer is present in computer system 214, those computers may be in communication with each other via communications media such as a network.

When software is used, operations performed by the controller may be implemented using, for example, without limitation, a program code configured to execute on a processor unit, such as processor 215. When firmware is used, Operations performed by the controller may be implemented using, for example, without limitation, program code and data stored in permanent memory to perform on a processor unit.

When hardware is employed, the hardware may include one or more circuits that operate to perform operations performed by the controller. Depending on the implementation, the hardware may be in the form of a circuit system, an integrated circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device, or some other suitable type of hardware device configured to perform any number of operations.

[0043] A programmable logic device may be configured to perform certain operations. The device may be permanently configured to perform these operations or may be reconfigurable. A programmable logic device may be in the form, for example, without limitation of a programmable logic array, a programmable array logic, a field programmable logic array, a field programmable gate array, or some other type of hardware device. programmable.

In some illustrative examples, operations and / or methods performed by the controller may be performed using organic components integrated with inorganic components. In some cases, operations and / or methods may be performed by fully organic components, excluding a human being. As an illustrative example, organic semiconductor circuits may be used to perform these operations and / or methods.

Motion system 206 is configured to shift light source 210 and the number of detectors 208 relative to frame 202. Motion system 206 can be implemented using several different types of systems. For example, motion system 206 may be a robot. The robot may be, for example, a robotic arm that can move the number of detectors 208 around a number of geometric axes. The motion system 206 may also be, for example, without limitation, a gantry robot, a manually operated scan head and other suitable types of motion system.

Light source 210 is configured to transmit first light 216 to surface 218 of frame 202. In some illustrative examples, light source 210 may be laser 219. More specifically, laser 219 may be a laser of nanoseconds pumped by diode.

When light source 210 is in the form of laser 219, the first light 216 may be pulsed laser beam 220. In this illustrative example, the first light 216 is transmitted in a mode that forms the first pattern 222 on the surface. 218 of structure 202. In these illustrative examples, first pattern 222 of first light 216 is a plurality of areas that first light 216 illuminates on surface 218. In some illustrative examples, first pattern 222 may have the shape of line 223 on surface 218. When first pattern 222 has the shape of line 223, first light 216 has a width greater than its thickness in order to create a linear collision on surface 218 of structure 202.

When the first light 216 has the shape of line 223 on surface 218, line 223 may be referred to as a line pump. "Pump" may be a term indicating laser-induced generation of a voltage wave.

First light 216 is configured to form acoustic waves 224 within structure 202 when first light 216 meets structure 202. Acoustic waves 224 may occur when first light 216 is transmitted to surface 218 of structure 202. For example, energy in first light 216 may cause thermoelastic expansion in structure 202. Thermoelastic expansion may result in acoustic waves 224 in structure 202.

In these illustrative examples, acoustic waves 224 may be ultrasonic sound waves. Thus, acoustic waves 224 may be ultrasonic signals. More specifically, acoustic waves 224 may be in the form of broadband ultrasonic signals. Acoustic waves 224 may have, for example, a frequency of from about 20 kHz to about 100 megahertz depending on the particular implementation. The frequency for acoustic waves 224 may depend on the material used to form the frame 202, the laser excitation pulse width, and other suitable factors.

Acoustic waves 224 may include a plurality of different types of waves. For example, acoustic waves 224 may be in the form of a plurality of types of ultrasonic signals 225. The plurality of types of ultrasonic signals 225 include at least one of the shear waves 226, surface waves 227, or longitudinal waves 228.

Further, the number of detectors 208 is configured to detect the first response 229 for acoustic waves 224. The first response 229 includes acoustic waves 230 that may occur as a result of scattering, reflection, modulation and other changes to the acoustic waves. acoustic waves 224 moving within frame 202. First response 229 is comprised of acoustic waves 230 occurring in response to acoustic waves 224. In this illustrative example, first response 229 is detected by the number of detectors 208.

At least one of the detector numbers 208 may be of the form of the optical detector 231. In some illustrative examples, at least one of the detector numbers 208 may be the point detector 232 formed on the surface 218 of the frame 202. In a For example, the number of detectors 208 may comprise any form of interferometer. For example, the number of detectors 208 may include a fiber optic modified Sagnac interferometer for non-contact detection of backscattered ultrasound. The number of detectors 208 may transmit second light 234 to surface 218 of frame 202 and detect second response 236 to second light 234.

In an illustrative example, the second light 234 may also be transmitted in the form of the second pattern 238 to the surface 218 of structure 202. In this illustrative example, the second pattern 238 may be in the form of a dot.

The second answer 236 is the second light 234 that was deflected by the first answer 229 in this illustrative example. The first response 229, caused by the acoustic waves 224 moving within the frame 202, can reach the surface 218 and can be detected. First response 229 may be detected using an interferometer that sends a reference light, such as second light 234, and detects mechanical vibrations at surface 218 in second response 236. The number of detectors 208 may include any desirable form of interferometer.

The point detector 232 may be spaced alongside line 223 on surface 218 such that a plurality of types of ultrasonic signals 225 may be detected. For example, the spot detector 232 may be spaced alongside line 223 on surface 218 such that a plurality of types of ultrasonic signals 225 may be detected substantially simultaneously.

The shear waves 226 may travel across the thickness 239 of the frame 202 on a diagonal. For example, shear waves 226 may shift from surface 218 to the distal side 240 of structure 202 on a diagonal. The shear waves 226 may then reflect on the far side 240 of the frame 202 toward the surface 218.

Surface waves 227 may travel along surface 218 of structure 202. Surface waves 227 may not travel through thickness 239 of structure 202.

Longitudinal waves 228 may travel substantially perpendicular to surface 218 through thickness 239. For example, longitudinal waves 228 may move longitudinally from surface 218 to far side 240 and be reflected longitudinally back to surface 218.

The number of detectors 208 sends data 241 to controller 212 when the second response 236 is detected. Data 241 is used by controller 212 to generate output 242. Data 241 may include a full bandwidth signal to a frame location 202 being inspected. As laser ultrasound inspection system 204 scans through frame 202, data 241 for a plurality of locations on frame 202 is collected.

As depicted, output 242 may indicate whether inconsistency 244 is present in structure 202. Inconsistency 244 may be, for example, without limitation, crack 245, joint inconsistency 246, corrosion 247 or inconsistency far side 248. Far side inconsistency 248 may be on the far side 240 of frame 202.

Representative data 241 of shear waves 226 may be used to identify far-side inconsistency 248 or corrosion 247 on distant side 240 of structure 202. Representative data 241 of surface waves 227 may be used to identify identify crack 245 or joint inconsistency 246. Inconsistent joint 246 may be present in joint 249. Joint 249 may join two components of frame 202. In some illustrative examples, joint 249 may have the shape of weld 250. In these illustrative examples, joint inconsistency 246 may be an inconsistency in weld 250. In these illustrative examples, joint inconsistency 246 may result from the welding method.

Output 242 can take several different forms. For example, output 242 may have the form of alert 251. Alert 251 may indicate whether inconsistency 244 is present. Alert 251 may be displayed on display device 252 within computer system 214.

In another illustrative example, output 242 may be image 253. Image 253 may also be displayed on display device 252. Image 253 may be an image of part or all of frame 202 with the indicator graph 254 when inconsistency 244 is present in structure 202. Graph indicator 254 may be displayed at a location in image 253 corresponding to a location in structure 202 where inconsistency 244 is detected. In other illustrative examples, if inconsistency 244 is missing, graphical indicator 254 may be displayed to indicate an absence of inconsistency 244.

In some illustrative examples, image 253 may be optical image 256. Optical image 256 may be an image of surface 218 of frame 202. In other illustrative examples, image 253 may be a representation of a part of frame 202.

As yet another illustrative example, output 242 may have the form of report 270. Report 270 may identify any inconsistencies in structure 202. Report 270 may also include other information such as inconsistency locations, types of inconsistencies. , inconsistency sizes and other appropriate types of information.

The frame 202 may be formed of any desirable material. The frame 202 may be formed of at least one of a compound, a metal, a ceramic, a polymeric material, a semiconductor material or a glass material.

In some illustrative examples, frame 202 is homogeneous material 272. Homogeneous material 272 may be a uniform material with the same properties at each material location. However, structure 202 need not be formed of homogeneous material 272.

In some illustrative examples, frame 202 is single layer 274. Because frame 202 is single layer 274, boundaries between multiple layers may not reflect or refract a plurality of types of ultrasonic signals 225. For example, the The frame 202 may be a laminate compound formed from a type of composite material and forming the single layer 274. When the frame 202 is the single layer 274, there are no connections or joints between surface 218 and the distal side 240.

The illustration of the inspection environment 200 in FIG. 2 is not intended to indicate physical or architectural limitations to the manner in which an illustrative embodiment may be implemented. Components other than those illustrated or in place of them may be used. Some components may be unnecessary. Also, the blocks are presented to illustrate some functional components. One or more of these blocks may be combined, divided or combined and divided into different blocks when implemented in an illustrative embodiment.

For example, although individual detectors are not represented in the laser ultrasound inspection system 204, the laser ultrasound inspection system 204 may include any desired number of detectors. For example, the number of detectors 208 may include a first detector that detects second response 236 generated by shear waves 226 and surface waves 227, while a second detector detects second response 236 generated by longitudinal waves 228.

As another example, the number of detectors 208 may comprise a plurality of receivers. In this example, the number of detectors 208 can detect second response 236 generated by shear waves 226, surface waves 227, and longitudinal waves 228. In this example, second response 236 generated by shear waves 226 and surface waves 227 may be detected by a first receiver of the number of detectors 208 while the second response 236 generated by longitudinal waves 228 may be detected by a receiver other than the number of detectors 208.

Still, inconsistency 244 may include any other type of inconsistency. For example, although crack 245 is represented as a possibility for inconsistency 244, inconsistency 244 may instead be any kind of detectable inconsistency near the surface.

Turning now to Figure 3, an illustration of a cross section of a structure being inspected is depicted according to an illustrative embodiment. The frame 300 may be a physical implementation of the frame 202 of figure 2.

Frame 300 has surface 302, far side 304 and thickness 306. Line pump 308 can induce a plurality of types of ultrasonic signals 310 on frame 300. Line pump 308 can be generated on surface 302 of the frame 300 using a pulsed laser beam, such as pulsed laser beam 220 of FIG. 2. A plurality of types of ultrasonic signals 310 may include at least one of the longitudinal waves 312, shear waves 314, and waves In this illustrative example, shear waves 314 and surface waves 316 are detected by the spot detector 317 on surface 302. Line pump 308 and spot detector 317 may be spaced side by side by distance 318 of such that both shear waves 314 and surface waves 316 can be detected by point detector 317. Distance 318 can be changed to different structures. For example, distance 318 may be selected based on thickness 306.

As can be seen from Figure 3, the size of the point detector 317 is significantly smaller than the distance 318. Due to one of the size or location of the point detector 317, multiple types of ultrasonic signals can be detected. in a single passage of frame 300. For example, because of the size of the point detector 317, multiple receivers may be present.

Longitudinal waves 312 may be detected by a receiver positioned substantially at the same location as a line pump 308. In some illustrative examples, the point detector 317 and the receiver for longitudinal waves 312 may be different receivers of the same detector. . In some illustrative examples, the point detector 317 and the longitudinal wave receiver 312 may be two different detectors. In each example, regardless of the number of detectors, longitudinal waves 312, shear waves 314 and surface waves 316 can be detected at substantially the same time.

In some illustrative examples, longitudinal waves 312, shear waves 314 and surface waves 316 can all be detected at the same "pass" as structure 300. However, because of the distances traveled by each of the longitudinal waves. 312, shear waves 314 and surface waves 316, at least one of longitudinal waves 312, shear waves 314 or surface waves 316 may be detected at a different time than other longitudinal waves 312 of shear waves 314 or surface waves 316.

Shear waves 314 may be used to detect inconsistencies 320 on the far side 304 of structure 300. In this illustrative example, the inconsistencies 320 are pore-shaped on the far side 304 of structure 300. More specifically, data representative of the shear waves 314 sent by the point detector 317 may be used to detect inconsistencies.

Surface waves 316 may be used to detect inconsistencies between the line pump 308 and the point detector 317. More specifically, representative surface wave data sent by the point detector 317 may be used to detect inconsistencies. In this illustrative example, inconsistencies are not represented between the line pump 308 and the point detector 317. Inconsistencies detected using surface waves 316 may be referred to as near surface inconsistencies.

Longitudinal waves 312 may be used to detect inconsistencies across the thickness 306 of structure 300. More specifically, representative longitudinal wave data 312 sent by a receiver positioned near the line pump 308 may be used to detect inconsistencies. In this illustrative example, inconsistencies are not represented by the thickness 306 of the frame 300 under the line pump 308.

Turning now to Figure 4, an illustration of an ultrasonic pump and probe is shown according to an illustrative embodiment. View 400 may be a top view of surface 302 of structure 300 of Figure 3.

In view 400, the line pump 308 is visible on the surface 302 of the frame 300. In view 400, the line pump 308 has a width greater than its thickness in order to create a linear collision on the surface 302 of the frame 300. Line pump 308 may be formed by directing a pulsed laser beam to frame 300. As depicted, the pulsed laser beam is a line on the surface 302 of frame 300.

In view 400, the spot detector 317 is visible on the surface 302 of frame 300. As can be seen in view 400, the spot detector 317 is significantly smaller than the distance 318 between the line pump 308 and the point detector 317.

In this illustrative example, frame 300 does not include a visible joint. However, as shown, inconsistency 402 is present on surface 302 of structure 300. As shown, inconsistency 402 may be in the form of a crack. In other illustrative examples, inconsistency 402 may take the form of any surface or near surface inconsistency. In some illustrative examples, inconsistency 402 may not be visible to the eye.

During inspection of frame 300, the shear waves 314 and surface waves 316 of figure 3 may move in the direction 404 of the line pump 308 to the point detector 317. To inspect multiple locations of frame 300 , the line pump 308 and the spot detector 317 may move in direction 404 along surface 302. Movement of the line pump 308 and the spot detector 317 during inspection of frame 300 may be referred to as "sweep".

Turning now to Figure 5, an illustration of a surface wave field image is depicted according to an illustrative embodiment. Image 500 may be an example of image 253 of Figure 2. Image 500 may be formed from data 241 of Figure 2. Image 500 may be formed from data detected by the spot detector 317 of Figures 3 and 4. Image 500 may be formed from representative data of surface waves 316.

Image 500 has the x-axis 502 of distance in millimeters and the y-axis 504 of time in microseconds. In image 500, line 506 is visible. Interrupt 508 at line 506 may be indicative of an inconsistency. In this illustrative example, interrupt 508 may be indicative of inconsistency 402 of Fig. 4.

Turning now to Figure 6, an illustration of an ultrasonic pump and probe positioned relative to a weld is shown in an illustrative embodiment. View 600 may be a top view of surface 218 of structure 202 of Figure 2.

View 600 represents structure 602 having gasket 604. In some illustrative examples, gasket 604 may be a weld.

Line pump 606 may be a physical implementation of line 223 of Figure 2. Point detector 608 may be a physical implementation of point detector 232. In some illustrative examples, line pump 606 may be the same as line pump 308 in figure 3. In some illustrative examples, the point detector 608 may be the same as the point detector 317 of figure 3.

To inspect gasket 604, line pump 606 is installed such that line pump 606 is perpendicular to direction 610 of gasket 604. When positioning line pump 606 perpendicular to direction 610, ultrasonic signals can be move fully through joint 604 when point detector 317 is positioned over joint 604.

In other illustrative examples, the 606 line pump may be positioned parallel to the 610 direction. When the 606 line pump is positioned parallel to the 610 direction, some inconsistencies may be more difficult to detect.

In some illustrative examples, the position of the line pump 606 may be chosen based on the material type of frame 602. For example, some materials for frame 602 may be anisotropic. An anisotropic material is direction dependent. As a result, changing the position of line pump 606 relative to frame 602 may also change the wave measurements of line pump 606.

In some illustrative examples, a material for structure 602 may be isotropic. Therefore, wave measurements on structure 602 without inconsistencies may be isotropic. However, results for inconsistencies in structure 602 may be anisotropic. For example, wave measurements for a 602 structure inconsistency may be anisotropic. For example, a wave speed may be dependent on the direction of line pump 606 when an inconsistency is present.

Therefore, a first inspection can be performed with a plurality of ultrasonic signal types in a first direction. Subsequently, a second inspection may be performed with a plurality of ultrasonic signal types in a second direction. In some illustrative examples, the first direction and the second direction may be ninety degrees apart.

During operation, surface waves propagate from the line pump 606 to the point detector 608. Surface waves can be detected by the point detector 608 and recorded. Shear wave measurements can be displayed in any desired format. For example, surface wave measurements across joint 604 may be displayed in an amplitude versus arrival time graph.

The recorded waveform for surface wave propagation across a region of frame 602 outside of joint 604 may be compared to the recorded waveform for surface wave propagation across a region within joint 604. At least one, the amplitude or arrival time of the surface waveforms may be different for propagation across the joint 604 compared to propagation outside the joint 604. For example, surface waveforms within the joint 604 may have a smaller amplitude than surface waveforms outside of joint 604. As another example, arrival time of surface waveforms for propagation through joint 604 may be greater than the arrival time of surface waveforms for propagation outside the joint 604.

[0099] In another example, surface wave measurements can be displayed on a graph for wave velocity as a position function. The wave velocity may have any desirable measurements, including in m / s. In some illustrative examples, surface wave measurements may be for a one-dimensional (line) scan across joint 604. Joint 604 may be identified as a region with reduced surface wave velocity. This graph can be an example of a line within image 253 of figure 2.

A quality of joint 604 can be estimated based on change in surface wavelength between material outside joint 604 and that within joint 604. For example, the magnitude of surface wave velocity differences across the 604 gasket can be compared with guidelines for acceptable quality gaskets. If the magnitude of surface wave velocity differences is out of line, joint 604 can be identified as having undesirable quality.

Turning now to Figure 7, an illustration of two shear wave wave field images is depicted according to an illustrative embodiment. View 700 represents image 702 and image 704. Each of image 702 and image 704 may be an example of image 253 of figure 2. Image 702 and image 704 may be formed from data 241 of figure 2 Image 702 and image 704 may be formed from data detected by the point detector 317 of Figures 3 and 4. Image 702 and image 704 may be formed from data representative of shear waves 314.

Image 702 has the x-axis 706 scan distance in millimeters. Image 702 has the y axis 708 of time index in points. Image 702 represents data for a part of a frame, such as frame 202 or frame 300 having a far side without any inconsistencies detected.

Image 704 has the x-axis 710 scan distance in millimeters. Image 704 has the y-axis 712 of time index in points. Image 704 represents data for a part of a structure, such as structure 202 or structure 300 having a far side with detected inconsistencies 714. Inconsistencies 714 may include inconsistency 716, inconsistency 718 and inconsistency 720. Inconsistencies 714 may include any type of inconsistencies detectable on the far side. For example, inconsistencies 714 may be at least one of corrosion, pores or other types of inconsistencies. As shown, the surface of the structure may not have any inconsistencies.

Turning now to Figure 8, an illustration of ultrasonic C-scan images of a far side of a structure is depicted in an illustrative embodiment. View 800 represents image 802 and image 804. Each image 802 and image 804 may be an example of image 253 of Figure 2. Image 802 and image 804 may be formed from data 241 of FIG. Figure 802 and Image 804 may be formed from data detected by the spot detector 317 and a spot detector on the line pump 308 of Figures 3 and 4. Image 802 and image 804 may be formed. from representative shear wave data 314.

Image 702 and image 704 of Figure 7 may be further processed to produce clear images of inconsistencies within a structure. Both arrival time and amplitude of the shear wave signal associated with reflections from a far side of the structure can be used to picture the far side of the structure.

View 800 includes image 802 and image 804. Image 802 and image 804 represent a region of a structure having three inconsistencies on a far side of the structure. Image 802 and image 804 may be distant side images 304 of structure 300 of Figure 3. Image 802 may be an arrival time image. Image 804 may be an amplitude image. Inconsistency 806, inconsistency 808, and inconsistency 810 can be observed in both image 802 and image 804. In some illustrative examples, inconsistency 806, inconsistency 808, and inconsistency 810 may be images of inconsistency 716, inconsistency 718, and inconsistency 720. Image 802 and image 804 demonstrate that inconsistencies on a far side of the structure can be visible on at least one of an arrival time image or an amplitude image.

[00107] The different components shown in figure 1 and figures 3-8 can be combined with components in figure 2, used with components in figure 2 or a combination of both. Furthermore, some of the components in figure 1 and figures 3-8 may be illustrative examples of how components shown in block form in figure 2 may be implemented as physical structures.

Turning now to Figure 9, an illustration of a gram-flow of a method for detecting inconsistencies in a structure according to an illustrative embodiment is shown. The method illustrated in Fig. 9 can be implemented in an ultrasound inspection system such as laser ultrasound inspection system 204 in Fig. 2. The method illustrated in Fig. 9 can detect inconsistency 244 in frame 202 using the formed data 241. detecting a plurality of types of ultrasonic signals 225.

[00109] Method 900 begins by directing a pulsed laser beam into the structure, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic signal types are formed in the structure when radiation from the pulsed laser beam is absorbed by the structure (operation 902). The plurality of ultrasonic signal types may include at least one, shear waves, surface waves or longitudinal waves. In some illustrative examples, the structure may include a joint. In these illustrative examples, surface waves are transmitted through the joint in the structure. In some illustrative examples, the pulsed laser beam is a line on a surface of the structure.

[00110] Method 900 then detects the plurality of types of ultrasonic signals to form data (operation 904). Later the method ends. The plurality of ultrasonic signal types can be detected by various detectors. In some illustrative examples, the plurality of ultrasonic signal types may be detected by a single detector. In some illustrative examples, the plurality of ultrasonic signal types are detected by a single point detector. In some illustrative examples, the pulsed laser beam and the single spot detector are spaced alongside such that a plurality of ultrasonic signal types are detected.

In other illustrative examples, the number of detectors may include two detectors. The first detector can detect surface and shear waves while the second detector can detect longitudinal waves.

[00112] In some illustrative examples, the structure is a homogeneous material. In some illustrative examples, the structure may be formed of at least one of a compound, a metal, a ceramic, a polymeric material or a glass material. In some illustrative examples, the structure is a single layer.

Turning now to Figure 10, an illustration of a flowchart of a method for determining whether an inconsistency is present in a structure is depicted according to an illustrative embodiment. The method illustrated in FIG. 10 may be implemented in an ultrasound inspection system such as laser ultrasound inspection system 204 in FIG. 2. The method illustrated in FIG. 10 may detect inconsistency 244 in frame 202 using the formed data 241. detecting a plurality of types of ultrasonic signals 225.

Method 1000 may begin by directing a pulsed laser beam to the structure, wherein the pulsed laser beam is a line on a surface of the structure, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic signal types are formed in the structure when the Pulsed laser beam radiation is absorbed by the structure, and wherein the plurality of ultrasonic signal types include at least one of surface waves, shear waves or longitudinal waves (operation 1002). In some examples, the structure is formed of a single layer.

[00115] Method 1000 can then detect the plurality of ultrasonic signal types to form data (operation 1004). The plurality of ultrasonic signal types can be detected by various detectors. In some illustrative examples, the plurality of ultrasonic signal types may be detected by a single detector. In some illustrative examples, the plurality of ultrasonic signal types are detected by a single point detector. In some illustrative examples, the pulsed laser beam and the single spot detector are spaced alongside such that a plurality of ultrasonic signal types are detected.

In other illustrative examples, the number of detectors may include two detectors. The first detector can detect surface and shear waves while the second detector can detect longitudinal waves.

[00117] Method 1000 then determines if an inconsistency is present in the structure using the data (operation 1006). Later the method ends. In some illustrative examples, the inconsistency includes at least one of a joint inconsistency, corrosion, an inconsistency on a far side of the structure, or a crack.

[00118] In some illustrative examples, an inconsistency can be detected in the structure by comparing data to reference data of a reference standard. The reference pattern does not contain any inconsistencies. Differences between data and reference data may indicate the presence of an inconsistency in the structure.

Flow diagrams and block diagrams in the different embodiments depicted illustrate the architecture, functionality and operation of some possible implementations of apparatus and methods in an illustrative embodiment. In this regard, each block in the flowcharts or block diagrams may represent a module, a segment, a function and / or a part of an operation or step.

In some alternate implementations of an illustrative embodiment, the function or functions noted in the blocks may occur outside the order noted in the figures. For example, in some cases, two blocks shown in succession may be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved. Also, other blocks may be added in addition to the blocks illustrated in a flowchart or block diagram.

For example, method 900 may further include identifying a crack in the structure using data representing surface waves. As another example, method 900 may include identifying corrosion in the structure using data representing shear waves. As an additional example, method 900 may also include identifying inconsistencies on a far side of the structure using data representing shear waves.

Turning now to Figure 11, an illustration of a data processing system in the form of a block diagram is depicted according to an illustrative embodiment. Data processing system 1100 may be used to implement computer system 214 of FIG. 2. Data processing system 1100 may be used to process data as described in FIG. 3 and to display output as depicted in FIGS. 4. 8 As depicted, data processing system 1100 includes communications structure 1102, which provides communications between processor unit 1104, storage devices 1106, communications unit 1108, input / output unit 1110, and display. 1112. In some cases, communications structure 1102 may be implemented as a bus system.

[00123] Processor 1104 is configured to execute software instructions for various operations. Processor unit 1104 may comprise multiple processors, a multiprocessor core and / or some other type of processor, depending on the implementation. In some cases, processor unit 1104 may be in the form of a hardware unit, such as a circuit system, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device, or some other suitable type of hardware unit.

Instructions for the operating system, applications, and / or programs executed by processor unit 1104 may be located on storage devices 1106. Storage devices 1106 may be in communication with processor unit 1104 via communication frame 1102. As used herein, a storage device, also referred to as a computer readable storage device is any piece of hardware capable of storing information on a temporary and / or permanent basis. This information may include, but is not limited to, data, program code and / or other information.

Memory 1114 and permanent storage 1116 are examples of storage devices 1106. Memory 1114 may be in the form of, for example, random access memory or some type of volatile or nonvolatile storage device. Permanent storage 1116 may comprise any number of components or devices. For example, permanent storage 1116 may comprise a hard drive, flash memory, rewritable optical disc, rewritable magnetic tape, or some combination of the above. Media used by permanent storage 1116 may or may not be removable.

The communications unit 1108 allows the data processing system 1100 to communicate with other data processing systems and / or devices. Communications unit 1108 can provide communications using physical and / or wireless communications links.

The input / output unit 1110 allows input to be received and output to be sent to other devices connected to the data processing system 1100. For example, input / output unit 1110 may allow input from received through a keyboard, mouse, and / or some other input device. As another example, input / output unit 1110 may allow output to be sent to a printer connected to the data processing system 1100.

[00128] Display screen 1112 is configured to display information for a user. The display screen 1112 may comprise, without limitation, a monitor, a touchscreen display, a laser display screen, a holographic display screen, a virtual display device and / or some other type of display device. exhibition.

In this illustrative example, the methods of the different illustrative embodiments may be performed by processor unit 1104 using computer implemented instructions. These instructions may be referred to as program code, computer usable program code, or computer readable program code, and may be read and executed by one or more processors in processor unit 1104.

[00130] In these examples, program code 1118 is located in a functional form on computer readable media 1120, which is selectively removable, and may be loaded or transferred to data processing system 1100 for execution by processor unit 1104. Program code 1118 and computer readable media 1120 together form computer program product 1122. In this illustrative example, computer readable media 1120 may be computer readable storage media 1124 or signal readable media. computer 1126.

Computer readable storage media 1124 is a physical or tangible storage device used to store program code 1118 instead of media that propagates or transmits program code 1118. Computer readable storage media 1124 may be, for example, without limitation, an optical or magnetic disk or a permanent storage device that is connected to the data processing system 1100.

Alternatively, program code 1118 may be transferred to data processing system 1100 using computer readable signal media 1126. Computer readable signal media 1126 may be, for example, a propagated data signal containing program code 1118. This data signal may be an electromagnetic signal, an optical signal and / or some other type of signal that may be transmitted by means of physical and / or wireless communications links.

[00133] The illustration of the data processing system 1100 in FIG. 11 is not intended to provide architectural limitations to the manner in which illustrative embodiments may be implemented. The different illustrative embodiments may be implemented in a data processing system including components in addition to or in place of those illustrated for data processing system 1100. Further, components shown in Figure 11 may be varied from the illustrative examples. shown.

Illustrative embodiments of the disclosure may be described in the context of the aircraft manufacturing and service method 1200, as shown in Figure 12, and aircraft 1300, as shown in Figure 13. Turning first to Figure 12, a An illustration of an aircraft manufacturing and service method is illustrated by way of illustration. During pre-production, the 1200 aircraft manufacturing and service method may include specifying and designing 1202 aircraft 1300 and obtaining material 1204.

[00135] During production, the manufacture of 1206 components and subassemblies and the system integration 1208 of aircraft 1300 take place. Aircraft 1300 can then pass certification and delivery 1210 to be placed on service 1212. While on service 1212 by a customer, aircraft 1300 is scheduled for routine service and maintenance 1214, which may include modification, reconfiguration, restoration and other maintenance or service.

Each method of the aircraft manufacturing and service method 1200 may be performed or performed by a system integrator, an external entity and / or an operator. In these examples, the operator may be a customer. For the purposes of this description, a system integrator may include, without limitation, any number of aircraft manufacturers and main system subcontractors; an external entity may include, without limitation, any number of sellers, subcontractors and suppliers; and an operator may be an aviation company, a lea-sing company, a military entity, a service organization, and so on.

Referring now to Figure 13, an illustration of an aircraft is depicted in which an illustrative embodiment may be implemented. In this example, aircraft 1300 is produced by the aircraft manufacturing and service method 1200 in FIG. 12, and may include airplane structure 1302 with a plurality of systems 1304 and interior 1306. Examples of plurality of systems 1304 include one or more of propulsion system 1308, electrical system 1310, hydraulic system 1312 and environmental system 1314. Any number of other systems may be included. Although an aerospace example is shown, different illustrative embodiments may apply to other industries, such as the automotive industry.

Apparatus and methods incorporated herein may be employed during at least one of the stages of the aircraft manufacturing and service method 1200 in FIG. 12. One or more illustrative embodiments may be used during the fabrication of components and subassemblies 1206. For example, the laser ultrasound inspection system 204 in Figure 2 can be used to inspect structures during the fabrication of components and subassemblies 1206. In addition, the laser ultrasound inspection system 204 in Figure 2 can be used to inspect an assembly during maintenance and service 1214 in figure 12. For example, aircraft 1300 structures can be inspected during scheduled maintenance for aircraft 1300 using the laser ultrasound inspection system 204.

Further, the disclosure comprises embodiments according to the following clauses: Clause 1. A method of detecting inconsistencies in a structure, the method comprising: directing a pulsed laser beam to the structure, wherein a plurality of Ultrasonic signal types are formed in the structure when radiation from the pulsed laser beam is absorbed by the structure; and detecting the plurality of ultrasonic signal types to form data.

Clause 2. The method of Clause 1, wherein the plurality of types of ultrasonic signals includes at least one of surface waves, shear waves or longitudinal waves.

Clause 3. The method of Clause 2 further comprising: identifying a crack in the structure using data representing surface waves.

Clause 4. The method of Clause 2, wherein surface waves are transmitted through a joint in the structure.

Clause 5. The method of Clause 2 further comprising: identifying corrosion in the structure using data representing shear waves.

Clause 6. The method of Clause 2 further comprising: identifying inconsistencies on a far side of the structure using data representing shear waves.

Clause 7. The method of Clause 1, wherein the pulsed laser beam is a line on a surface of the structure.

Clause 8. The method of Clause 1, wherein the plurality of types of ultrasonic signals are detected by a point detector.

Clause 9. The method of Clause 8, wherein the pulsed laser beam and spot detector are spaced alongside such that a plurality of ultrasonic signal types are detected.

Clause 10. The method of Clause 1, wherein the structure is a homogeneous material.

Clause 11 The method of Clause 1, wherein the structure is formed of at least one of a compound, a metal, a ceramic, a polymeric material, a semiconductor material or a glass material.

Clause 12. The method of Clause 1, wherein the structure is a single layer.

Clause 13. A method comprising: directing a pulsed laser beam to a structure, wherein the pulsed laser beam is a line on a surface of the structure, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic signal types are formed in the structure when pulsed laser beam radiation is absorbed by the structure, and wherein the plurality of ultrasonic signal types include at least one of surface waves, shear waves or longitudinal waves; detect the plurality of ultrasonic signal types to form data; and determine if an inconsistency is present in the structure using the data.

Clause 14. The method of Clause 13, wherein the pulsed laser beam and a single spot detector are spaced alongside such that a plurality of ultrasonic signal types are detected by the single spot detector.

Clause 15. The method of Clause 13, wherein the structure is formed of a single layer.

Clause 16. The method of Clause 13, wherein the inconsistency includes at least one of a joint inconsistency, corrosion, an inconsistency on a far side of the structure, or a crack.

Clause 17. An apparatus comprising: a pulsed laser beam forming a line bomb on a first surface of a structure; and a pulsed laser beam forming a point detector on the first surface of the structure.

Clause 18. The apparatus of Clause 17, wherein the line pump and the spot detector are spaced to the side by a distance, where the distance is selected such that the spot detector detects a plurality of types. of ultrasonic signals coming from the structure.

Clause 19. The apparatus of Clause 18, wherein the plurality of types of ultrasonic signals include at least one of surface waves, shear waves or longitudinal waves.

Clause 20. The apparatus of Clause 17, wherein the pulsed laser beam forming the line pump is provided by ultrasonic laser equipment.

Thus, one or more illustrative embodiments may provide a method and apparatus for determining whether inconsistencies are present in a structure. Inconsistencies may be observable using conventional ultrasound techniques. However, inconsistencies across thickness, near the surface and on the far side of a structure may require a separate inspection passage of the structure.

Illustrative embodiments may provide a method and apparatus for detecting inconsistencies using a plurality of ultrasonic signal types substantially simultaneously. Illustrative embodiments may detect a plurality of ultrasonic signal types substantially simultaneously. As a result, using the illustrative examples, the inspection time for the structure can be reduced.

Illustrative embodiments may reduce inspection costs for inconsistencies such as joint inconsistencies, residual stress, corrosion wear, manufacturing inconsistencies, or other types of inconsistencies. Illustrative embodiments may ensure or enhance safety by increasing the ability to detect inconsistencies such as joint inconsistencies, residual stress, corrosion wear, manufacturing inconsistencies or other types of inconsistencies.

The description of the different illustrative embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments in the disclosed form. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, different illustrative embodiments may provide different features compared to other desirable embodiments. The selected embodiment or embodiments have been chosen and described in order to further explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application and to enable persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are appropriate for the particular use contemplated.

Claims (15)

A method for detecting inconsistencies (244) in a frame (202) comprising: directing a pulsed laser beam (220) to the frame (202), wherein a plurality of ultrasonic signal types (225) are formed in the structure (202) when radiation from the pulsed laser beam (220) is absorbed by structure (202); and detecting the plurality of ultrasonic signal types (225) to form data (241), wherein the plurality of ultrasonic signal types (225) include at least one of the surface waves (227), shear waves (226) or longitudinal waves (228). A method according to claim 1 further comprising: identifying a crack (245) in frame (202) using data (241) representing surface waves (227). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surface waves (227) are transmitted through a joint (249) in the structure (202). A method according to claim 1,2 or 3 further comprising: identifying corrosion (247) on structure (202) using data (241) representing shear waves (226). A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 further comprising: identifying inconsistencies (244) on a distant side (240) of the frame (202) using data (241) representing shear waves (226). Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pulsed laser beam (220) is a line (223) on a surface (218) of the structure (202). Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the plurality of ultrasonic signal types (225) are detected by a point detector (232). Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the pulsed laser beam (220) and the spot detector (232) are spaced apart so that a plurality of ultrasonic signal types (225) are detected. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the structure (202) is a homogeneous material (272). Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the structure (202) is formed of at least one of the compound, a metal, a ceramic, a polymeric material, a semiconductor material or a glass material. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the structure (202) is a single layer (274). Apparatus comprising: a pulsed laser beam (220) forming a line pump (223) on a first surface (218) of a frame (202); and a pulsed laser beam (220) forming a spot detector (232) on the first surface (218) of the frame (202). Apparatus according to Claim 12, characterized in that the line pump (223) and the spot detector (232) are spaced between a distance where the distance is selected such that the spot detector (232) detects a plurality of ultrasonic signal types (225) from the frame (202). Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the plurality of ultrasonic signal types (225) include at least one of surface waves (227), shear waves (226) or longitudinal waves (228). Apparatus according to Claim 12, 13 or 14, characterized in that the pulsed laser beam (220) forming the line pump (223) is provided by ultrasonic laser equipment.