BR102016016912A2 - TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOY OIL BIODIESEL ADDED AS FUEL AND ECO-COMPATIBLE LUBRICANT - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention soybean oil (glycine max l. merrill) biodiesel was obtained in the additive composition b7 (7% biodiesel and 93% diesel s10) in order to obtain biofuel with less wear action on alloy surfaces. . To this end, 5% of a semi-synthetic surfactant (saponified vegetable oil) was used as a protective agent. biofuels b7-os (b100 soybean oil biodiesel) and b7-os-ad additive) were evaluated using a high frequency reciprocating test rig (hfrr). The reduction of friction and wear of the Aisi 52100 steel was evaluated by improving the viscosity and lubricating film formation of additive soybean biodiesel (b7-os-ad). Tribological tests have shown that diesel s10 and biodiesel b7-os are more susceptible to oxidative processes. Additive soybean biodiesel (b7-os-ad) showed better viscosity and stability, with a 32.9% wear reduction of aisi 52100 metal compared to s10 diesel, and a 13.63% smaller wear eschar size. that the wear observed for the mixture b7-os. Therefore, b7-os-ad is being indicated as an alternative to the use of s10 diesel, with a gain in reducing environmental impacts.

Description

(54) Title: DEVELOPMENT

TECHNOLOGY OF SOY OIL BIODIESEL ADDED AS A FUEL AND ECOCOMPATIBLE LUBRICANT (51) Int. Cl .: C10L 1/02; C10L 10/08; C10L 10/06; C10L 10/04; C10L 10/12 (52) CPC: C10L 1/026, C10L 10/08, C10L 10/06, C10L 10/04, C10L 10/12, C10L 2200/0446, C10L 2200/0476, C10L 2290/08, C10L 2300/40 (73) Holder (s): MARIA APARECIDA MEDEIROS MACIEL (72) Inventor (s): JACKSON DA SILVA SANTOS; MARIA APARECIDA MEDEIROS MACIEL; MATTHAUES DE OLIVEIRA SERÊJO; ADEMIR OLIVEIRA DA SILVA; EFRAIN PANTALEÓN MATAMOROS (57) Abstract: In the present invention, soy oil biodiesel (Glycine max L. Merrill) was obtained in the B7 composition (7% biodiesel and 93% S10 diesel) with additives, with the objective of obtaining biofuel with less wear action on alloy surfaces. For that, 5% of a semi-synthetic surfactant (saponified vegetable oil) was used as a protective agent. The biofuels B7-OS (soybean oil biodiesel B100) and B7-OS-AD with additives) were evaluated using a high frequency alternating slide probe (High Frequency Reciprocating Test Rig, HFRR). The reduction of friction and wear of AISI 52100 steel was evaluated by improving the viscosity and formation of lubricating film from additive soybean biodiesel (B7-OS-AD). Tribological tests showed that S10 diesel and B7-OS biodiesel are more susceptible to oxidative processes. Soya biodiesel with additives (B7-OS-AD) showed better viscosity and stability, with 32.9% reduction in wear of the metal AISI 52100, compared to diesel S10, and wear eschar size 13.63% smaller than than the wear observed for the B7-OS mixture. Therefore, B7OS-AD is being (...)

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e) arouses the interest of the industrial sector of large-scale biodiesel production, as there are 86 plants operating in the production of fuel throughout the country, with the Midwest, South and Southeast regions being the most significant, due to the greater number operational plants;

f) arouses the interest of the biotechnological sector focused on the production of clean energy, since the large-scale use of biofuels results in ecological and economic benefits, and can be offered at compatible prices that satisfy human needs and provide an improvement in the quality of life, in order to reduce environmental impact.

[006] Biodiesel is a generic name for biodegradable fuels, with a chemical composition free of sulfur and aromatic compounds (present in diesel), with reduction of toxicological risks and environmental pollution. This type of alternative fuel derives from renewable sources, with emphasis on vegetable oils that provide ecocompatible energy production, and make it possible to reduce diesel consumption and its aggressiveness to the environment.

[007] Alternative use of B100 biodiesel (diesel free) or mixtures B2, B5, B7, B10 and B20 (B100 mixtures with diesel, 2%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 20%, respectively) with diesel, they are proven to be efficient and effectively supply the high worldwide demand for diesel consumption, as an example the alternative consumption of ethanol (B100).

[008] In addition to minimizing the global economic crisis correlated with the high demands for fossil fuel, green fuels minimize many problematic issues, such as: global warming, acid rain, worsening pollution and depletion of oil reserves.

Problem that the Invention Proposes to Solve [009] In general, biodiesel is defined as a monoalkyl ester of vegetable oils and or animal fat, naturally occurring that can be produced together with glycerin, from a transesterification reaction (AF LIMA NETO; LSS SANTOS; IN MOURA; CVR MOURA. Castor oil biodiesel obtained by ethyl route, 2006).

[010] In the present invention, the objective was to develop biodiesel from soy oil with the production of an alternative fuel additive B7-OS-AD (7% soy biodiesel and 93% S10 diesel), which in addition to assist in

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3/23 meeting the demand for fuel consumption, providing satisfactory lubricating quality to current standards (RANP; ASTM; ABNT NBR).

[011] The volumetric proportions between 5% and 20% resulting from mixtures B2 to B20, are the most used due to some advantages, such as: reduction of the sulfur content (present in diesel), preservation of the lubricating property of the biofuel, with burning ecocompatible, as it reduces pollutant material rates, with improved environmental impacts.

[012] The use of the biofuel preparation by-product B7-OS-AD, which if produced on a large scale, will consist of high levels of glycerin, is being considered for the manufacture of new soaps, detergents, hygiene products in general and new derivatives with lubricating property.

[013] Regarding the issues that motivate discussions on biotechnology and sustainability, the present invention contributes to studies aimed at the development of renewable energy sources, and finds different discursive justifications that foster the interest of various sectors of the national industry. In this context, the B7-OS-AD biofuel represents a new proposal for the development of an efficient green fuel, which combats acid rain, worsening pollution and global warming, which also contributes to meeting the high demand for eco-compatible fuels.

[014] In this context, some of the recurring problems in the industrial sector of biofuels must also be highlighted: worldwide production of biodiesels in many countries encounters technological limitations and / or difficulties in industrial processing due to the demand for high productivity, climatic adversities , seasonal issues, occurrence of pests, diseases, weed proliferation, among other factors.

[015] In Brazil, due to the appropriate climate for soy production, this vegetable source is widely explored and found support in the optimized culture of this vegetable, which has been established for more than four decades, and therefore has a chain structured and efficient production.

[016] Among petroleum-derived fuels, diesel is one of the most susceptible to the presence of sediments of biological and chemical origin and the higher the content of biodiesel in the mixture, the greater the deterioration of the fuel that causes clogging of filters, the appearance of sludge and proliferation of bacteria

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4/23 (K.S. WAIN; JM PEREZ; E. CHAPMAN; A.L. BOEHMAN. O Carreteiro-Transporte magazine, 2007). On the other hand, the addition of biodiesel to diesel in high percentages, aggravates the formation of lees and clogging in tanks and filters of filling stations (FECOCOMBUSTÍVEIS, 2009). In this context, it is important to note that biodiesel in the percentages 2% (B2), 5% (B5), 7% (B7) and 10% (B10), are less aggressive. Biodiesel in the percentage 7% (B7) has been authorized for use in Brazil since November 1, 2014.

[017] In this context, the introduction of environmentally compatible diesel fuels, desulfurized by hydrogenation, which reduce the emission of polluting gases, but cause wear of the injection pumps, because the lubrication becomes insufficient; being necessary to add lubricity correctors, such as fatty acid esters, for example (K.A. SORATE; P.V. BHALE. Biodiesel properties and automotive system compatibility issues, 2015).

[018] Therefore, the most viable alternative, for improving the lubricity issue of low sulfur diesel fuels, is the use of diesel / biodiesel mixtures (in low percentages, B2 to B10).

[019] In the present invention, soy-based biodiesel with additives (B7-OS-AD) has a specific emphasis on the biotechnological development of an alternative energy source, as well as lubricating action, with economic and environmental viability. Specifically, the objective was to produce a new soy-based product with sustainable industrial application in order to enable: the reduction of environmental impacts that diesel causes, operational costs with stock and replacement of parts, lubricity for engine injection systems , biodegradability superior to diesel and damage caused on alloys (of ferrous, non-ferrous metals and elastomers) that make up engines in general, and also, storage improvement due to the B7-OS-AD product being additive fuel. Foundations of the invention [020] The viability of the industrial sector focused on the production of eco-sustainable fuels has, in recent decades, fostered programs to encourage the production and use of biofuels, which find worldwide industrial viability, as they have been implemented in several countries. In Brazil, the biggest highlight is turned to the production and commercialization of ethanol.

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5/23 [021] The widespread use of biodiesel is associated with the replacement of fossil fuels in compression ignition engines. Combined with the need for technological development capable of meeting the needs of the automobile industry, some authors reported the importance of knowing the factors that provide the reduction of wear on the automobile engine and environmental pollution [a) H.K. RASHEDUL; H.H. MASJUKI; M.A. KALAM; A.M. ASHRAFUL; M.M. RASHED; I. SANCHITA; T. SHAON. Performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine running with linseed biodiesel, 2014); b) N.P. KOMNINOS; C.D. RAKOPOULOS. Modeling HCCI combustion of biofuels: A review, 2012)].

[022] Biodiesels with different chemical characteristics, interact with metallic materials causing a corrosive and tribological attack. In this way, some car manufacturers have extended the warranty only to mixtures with lower percentages of biodiesel. Mixtures greater than 10% (B10, 10% biodiesel and 90% diesel) are not yet covered by the guarantee [a) E. GRACIAESCOSA; I. GARCÍA; J.C. SÁNCHEZ-LÓPEZ; M.D. ABAD; A. MARISCAL; M.A. ARENAS; J.A. DAMBORENEA. Tribocorrosion behavior of TiBxCy / a-C nanocomposite coating in strong oxidant disinfectant solutions, 2015); b) Y. XIONG; L YANG; X. LIU; Y. LI. Study on tribological performance of complexing friction modifier in diesel engine oil, 2014); c) ASMA HASEEB; M.A. FAZAL; MI. JAHIRUL; H.H. MASJUKI; Compatibility of automotive materials in biodiesel, 2011)].

[023] The history of using oils and fats (and their derivatives) dates back to 1900, when Rudolph Diesel, inventor of the internal combustion engine (named after him), used crude oil and peanut oil (C . ÍLKILIÇ; E. ÇILGIN; H. AYDIN. Terebinth oil for biodiesel production and its diesel engine application., 2014).

[024] Rudolf Diesel demonstrated the engine compression ignition principle, using peanut oil as a fuel, and suggested that vegetable oils could be the fuel of the future for diesel engines (KN PATIL; PV ROMANA; RN SING. Performance evaluation of natural draft based agricultural residues charcoal system, 2000).

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6/23 [025] The French Petroleum Institute, in 1940, carried out several tests using Belgian technology for the production of biodiesel, from palm oil and ethanol (C. ÍLKILIÇ; E. ÇILGIN; H. AYDIN. Terebinth oil for biodiesel production and its diesel engine application, 2014).

[026] In Brazil, according to the National Energy Policy Council, CNPE, the mandatory addition of 2% biodiesel to diesel started in 2008. Currently, with law 10,033 / 2014, there is an obligation to add 7% of biodiesel in diesel that came into effect as of November 1, 2014. Thus, the use of the biodiesel mixture with diesel, promoted by the Brazilian government, in addition to minimizing environmental pollution, due to the use of fossil fuel, can promote the increase income distribution, mainly with the production of oilseeds and biodiesel by small agricultural producers (EKF FOLQUENIN, 2008).

[027] In some cases it was identified that the specific consumption using B20 of soy oil (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel) increased by about 2%, compared to B7 (7% biodiesel and 93% diesel) based on oil of soy. The B20 is less efficient, since it produces the same power as the B7, with a higher consumption. However, depending on the performance (environmental conditions of pressure, temperature and instrumentation used to measure the voltage and amperage parameters) there was a good performance for both B7 and B20 of soy oil [a) S. BARI. Performance, combustion and emission tests of a metro-bus running on biodiesel-ULSD blended (B20), 2014; b) A.D.PADULA; M.S .; HI B. SANTOS; D. BORENENSTEIN. Liquid biofuels: emergence, development and prospects,

2014].

[028] The good efficiency of the Diesel engine [which is classified as MCI (internal combustion engine) and has an alternative piston with auto-ignition] is closely linked to the pollutants generated during its combustion (A. DHAR; AK AGARWAL. Experimental investigations of effect of Karanja biodiesel on tribological properties of lubricating oil in a compression ignition engine, 2014). [029] Combustion close to the Upper Dead Center (PMS) is possible with the use of direct injection, however a lack of local oxygen is inevitable and with this, the engine generates soot. However, the increase in injection pressure promotes a

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7/23 better preparation of the mixture, reducing this effect (R. BOSCH. Automotive Technology Manual, 2005).

[030] Diesel fuel contains sulfur [Brazil and Japan / S10 (10 mg / kg), Mexico and USA / S15 (15 mg / kg)] and for this reason, during its combustion it generates SO ₂ and particulate mass (sulfates in soot), which are responsible for the contamination of particulate filters and denitrification catalysts.

[031] Low sulfur diesel (less than 100 ppm) has reduced lubricating capacity, which limits its use, since the lubricity parameter is a very important factor in the engine's injection system (YC Lin; , TH Kan, JN Chen, Jr-C. Tsai, YY Ku, KW, Tribology, 2013; ASMA HASEEB; SYSIA; MA FAZAL; HH MASJUKI. Effect of temperature on tribological properties of palm biodiesel. Energy, 2010).

[032] Lubricity is a qualitative term that describes the ability of a fluid to affect friction between surfaces under load and with relative motion, as well as the wear on those surfaces. They present burning efficiency and significantly reduce the deposition of residues on the internal parts of the engine (I.P. LÔBO; S.L.C. FERREIRA; R.S. CRUZ. Use of clays for purification of biodiesel, 2009).

[033] Although biodiesel provides about 10% less energy than petroleum diesel, its performance in the engine is practically the same with respect to power and torque. Due to its higher viscosity, it provides satisfactory lubricity, which is a significant additional advantage to the use of biodiesel (ACM FARIAS; JS SANTANA; MF OLIVEIRA; JS SANTANA; CRF BARBOSA; JTN MEDEIROS. Green fuels in Brazil - evaluation of oil lubricity B5 biodiesel and vegetable oils of coconut and castor, 2006).

[034] In this context, it is known that soy (Glycine max L. Merr.) Is the second most used oilseed as a raw material for the production of biodiesel in the world. In Brazil, 75.57% of the biodiesel produced comes from this source, which has an oil content of around 18% and yields from 0.2 th ^a-1 to 0.6 th ^a-1 (ANP, Brazilian statistical oil yearbook , natural gas and biofuels, 2008). [035] Compared to other oilseeds, soy stands out in the production of biodiesel, despite having a relatively low yield, due to its

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8/23 resistance to climatic variations. Compared with the production of biodiesel obtained from coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.), for example, soy has many advantages, among which the following stand out: optimal temperatures for the best development of soy are between 20 ° C and 35 ° C ; regions with excessive humidity are not suitable for cultivation; annual rainfall in the range 700 mm to 1,200 mm, perfectly meet the water needs of this plant (Glycine max).

[036] Agronomic problems are found in the cultivation of C. nucifera, such as: for the coconut tree to reach maximum potential in terms of production, the average annual temperature must be around 27 ° C, with a minimum monthly temperature equal to or higher at 18 ° C; the insolation period must be between 1800 h / year and 2000 h / year; the rainfall considered ideal should be between 1,500 mm / year and 1,800 mm / year, with a monthly distribution never lower than 130 mm to 150 mm.

[037] The largest Brazilian plantations of C. nucifera are found in the northeastern coastal strip, being the region that most contributes with approximately 81% of the national production, (ANP, Brazilian oilseeds, 2013; AL MOURAD, Main crops for obtaining fuel vegetable oils in Brazil, 2006). [038] The content of coconut oil varies between 55% and 60% equivalent to a production of 500 Kg to 3000 Kg of oil / ha, with yield between 1.3 t.ha ^-1 to 1.6 t.ha ^{- 1} (ANP, Brazilian statistical yearbook for oil, natural gas and biofuels, 2008).

[039] In most countries that market C. nucifera, coconut is used for the production of oil, due to its high levels of lauric acid, which is widely used in the food, cosmetics, soap and alcohol industries (GS ARAÚJO; RHR CARVALHO; EMBD SOUSA. Advances in cleaner production, 2009).

[040] HASEEB et al. (2010) studied the tribological performance of palm biodiesel and found that its application in automobiles is not viable. Specifically, the effect of temperature on the tribological performance of this biodiesel was evaluated. The tests were conducted at temperatures of 30 ° C, 45 ° C, 60 ° C and 75 ° C, under a normal load of 40 kg for 1 h at a speed of 1200 rpm, using a four-ball wear machine. For each temperature, the properties of the

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9/23 diesel and three biodiesel mixtures (B10, B20 and B50) of palm, were analyzed and compared. The results showed that friction and wear increased with increasing temperature (A.A. HASEEB; S.Y. SIA; M.A. FAZAL; H.H. MASJUKI. Effect of temperature on tribological properties of palm biodiesel, 2010).

[041] SILVA et al. (2014) tested, comparatively, diesel oil containing 50 ppm, 500 ppm and 1,800 ppm of sulfur, and mixtures B5 and B20 of soy and sunflower. The effect of temperature and sulfur concentration were the main parameters studied. The authors of this research identified the influence of sulfur minimization on fuel lubricity and wear of metal discs. The tribological analysis of the B5 and B20 fuel was performed in HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) equipment in accordance with the ASTM D 6079 - 04 standard. The results showed an increase in wear with a reduction in the sulfur content when the fuel was kept at 50 ° C. (V. SILVA; E.R.V.S. OLIVEIRA; M.V ARAUJO; S.M. ALVES. Effect of desulfurization of diesel and its blends with biodiesel on metallic contact, 2014). Therefore, parameters such as the concentration of sulfur and temperature produce significant effects on the diameter of wear sores.

[042] The friction and wear characteristic of biodiesel (B100) palm, in different concentrations (B10, B20 and B50) using a four-ball wear machine, was investigated by FAZAL et al. (2013). The tests were carried out at 75 ° C under a normal load of 40 kg for 1 h at four different speeds, 600 rpm, 900 rpm, 1200 rpm and 1500 rpm. The wear of the steel ball of the B100 was 20% less than that of conventional diesel. The results showed that wear and friction reduced with increasing biodiesel concentration (M.A. FAZAL; A.S.M.A. HASEEB; H.H. MASJUKI. Investigation of friction and wear characteristics of palm biodiesel, 2013).

[043] YONG-YUAN, et al. (2013), analyzed in diesel engines, the deterioration and wear of the main components of different types of engines, using soy biodiesel as a raw material in mixtures B2 and B5. The engines were equipped with a fuel injection system (electronically controlled). After a 500-hour load operation, the main engine components were analyzed and characterized by a

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10/23 series of inspections to identify the degree of deterioration, wear and performance of the engine. The results indicated that engine components, including piston segments, cylinder liners and injector needle valves, differed from dimensions before durability testing. According to the microscopic characterization and the analysis of the engine oil, the loss due to wear of the components was negligible. It was found that the tribological analysis of B5 biodiesel showed less wear than that of diesel oil, with a reduction in emissions, by up to 3% (K. YONG-YUAN; L. KO WEI; C. YA-LUN; L. CHING The impact upon durability of eavy-duty diesel engine using 5 percentage biodiesel, 2013).

[044] GEORGE, et al. (2013) analyzed the oxidation stability of different B7 biodiesel blends. Changes in tribological performance were assessed by measuring the lubrication capacity of oxidized fuels. The samples were subjected to oxidative deterioration, using a rapid oxidation process according to the ASTM D7545 test methods. Differences in the acidity of the oxidized samples were examined, and FTIR (Infrared by Fourier transform) measurements were employed to detect chemical changes in the oxidized mixtures. The analyzes showed that there was a significant deterioration in the lubrication performance of the oxidized mixtures due to chemical degradation. The oxidation process differed from the wear of engine parts, although both forms lead to significant damage (S. GEORGE; A. DELIGIANNIS; D. KARONIS; F. ZANNIKOS. Impact of oxidation on lubricating properties of biodiesel blends, 2013).

[045] In another study, the impact of the load, temperature and concentration of maritime pine nut biodiesel (Jatropha molíssima Pohl Baill.) On friction and wear in the four-ball wear machine, were evaluated for B100 biodiesel (100% pine nuts) and oxidized biodiesel (with combined variation of operational parameters). The temperatures and loads selected were 45 kg, 60 kg and 75 kg; 40 kg, 50 kg and 60 kg, respectively. The tests were carried out with conventional diesel, biodiesel B100 of pinion marigold and its mixtures B20 and B4) it was observed that all the variables tested affected the tribological performance of biofuels (N. KUMAR; C. VARUN. Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers, 2014).

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11/23 [046] HEITZIG et al. (2012) presented an elastohydrodynamic simulation model of the most critical tribological contacts in fuel injection pumps. The results of the simulations indicated that in addition to adapting the tribological interfaces inside the pump, the lubricity of biofuels needs to be further investigated in order to ensure the functioning of the limit lubrication regime (S. HEITZIG; L. LEONHARD; S. DRUMM; H MURRENHOFF; J. LANG; G. KNOLL. Simulative analysis of the tribological contacts of common rail injection pumps lubricated by tailor-made biofuels, 2012). [047] FARIAS et al. (2014) analyzed the lubricity of coconut oil and soy oil biodiesel and its mixtures B5 (5% coconut oil biodiesel) and B20 (20% soy oil biodiesel) compared to diesel and observed the scars of disc wear using micro roughness and microscopy techniques [scanning electronics (SEM) and atomic force (AFM)]. The results showed higher diesel wear eschar values, 345 pm ± 15 pm, consequently less lubricity than biodiesel blends. However, addition of biodiesel (B5 and B20) to diesel improved the tribological performance of diesel (A.C.M. FARIAS; J.T.N. MEDEIROS; S.M. ALVES. Micro and nanometric wear evaluation of metal discs used on determination of biodiesel fuel lubricity, 2014). [048] In the invention US 8680029 B2 it was proved that the use of biodiesel increases the resistance to oxidation of metals. In this invention a method was used to improve the oxidation resistance of oils used for engine lubrication, comprising diesel, biodiesel or biodiesel / diesel mixtures. For that, detergents used containing salicylates and an antioxidant agent (selected from phenols, aromatic amines, organometallic compounds, oil-soluble organometallic coordination complexes) were selected. The antioxidant additive was added to the fuel using a 1: 1 mixture of a phenolic compound and an amine. The detergent and antioxidant were pre-mixed before being added to the lubricating oil. It was found that 0.5%, by weight, of this mixture leads to improved resistance to oxidation of lubricating oils (J.J. HABEEB; R. VARADARAJ; S.M. JETTER. Lubricating oil compositions for biodiesel fueled engines, 25/03/2014).

[049] Diesel / synthetic fuel mixtures, derived from a type of natural gas raw material, are described in WO 2015012881 A1, having been

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12/23 there was an improvement in diesel lubricity due to the optimized addition (10%) of synthetic fuel. The inventors presented methods for the production of mixed fuel, and found that synthetic fuel when mixed in an amount of 5% with petroleum fuel, reduced air pollutants by 2.5% and the size of wear scars. Synthetic fuel had a greenhouse gas amount 35% lower than conventional diesel, with greater lubricity 40% above that observed for petroleum diesel, with a maximum reduction of wear eschar diameter in the order of 40% (R. SCHUETZLE , D. SCHUETZLE.Diesel fuel blends with improved performance characteristics, 2015).

[050] Raw materials composed of fatty acids and polyamines were used in the patent WO 2012076896 A1, with good solubility in fuels and lubricants, with action in reducing friction. The lubrication capacity of the fuel added was investigated in order to evaluate the effects of reducing the friction coefficient of fatty acids in a base oil, under thermal conditions. A hydrocarbon additive (10% by weight) was added to the lubricating oil. After the insertion of the additive, it was verified that there was a change in the percentage of friction coefficient (μ) (V. BURGESS; A. COONEY; A. ROSS, Improvements in or relating to additives for fuels and lubricants, 2012).

[051] According to US patent 7989555 B2, glycerol resulting from a biodiesel production process was used to obtain symmetrical polyols for industrial application. In this invention, biodiesel was produced by transesterification of fat / oil with methanol, under basic catalysis, in the following proportions: 45 kg of vegetable oil; 4.5 kg of methanol and 0.45 kg of sodium methoxide (catalyst), producing 45 kg of biodiesel and 4.5 kg of glycerol. The alkaline condensation of glycerol generates polyglycerol with satisfactory commercial production. Another commercial production method is through condensation, reacting glycerol with epichlorohydrin, followed by hydrolysis, neutralization and purification. Polyol esters obtained from polyols, such as neopentylglycol, trimethylol propane and pentaerythritol which are also excellent lubricants (at low temperatures). Anti-wear additives can adsorb to metal, and provide a film that reduces metal-to-metal contact. In general, anti-wear additives include zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, tricresyl phosphate,

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13/23 didodecyl phosphite, sulfurized sperm oil, sulfurized terpenes and zinc dialkilditiocarbamate, and are used in amounts ranging from 0.05 to 4.5% by weight (DR KODALI. Glycerol derivatives and methods of making same, 2011) .

[052] The CA 2128362 patent relates to a diesel oil composition added with esters of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids between C12 and C22 carbon atoms, derived from vegetable oilseeds (100 ppm at 10000 ppm) aiming at improving lubricity. The product obtained contains a low sulfur content (equal to or less than 0.2%) and 30% (by weight) of aromatic hydrocarbons. The analyzes for measuring the lubricity were performed with: (I) diesel A containing 0.2% sulfur, as a reference; (II) diesel '' B containing 0.1% (by weight) of sulfur; (III) Cque diesel containing 0.05% sulfur; (IV) diesel C containing 0.05% sulfur in a mixture with sunflower biodiesel (500 ppm); (V) petroleum gas C containing 0.05% sulfur and 1000 ppm of biodiesel from sunflower oil; (VI) petroleum gas C containing 0.05% sulfur and with 10,000 ppm of sunflower biodiesel; (VII) oil gas containing less than 0.1% (by weight) of sulfur; (VIII) gas oil containing less than 0.1% sulfur mixed with 100 ppm, 1000 ppm and 10,000 ppm sunflower biodiesel. The lubrication potential was satisfactory due to the reduction of sulfur and the addition of sunflower biodiesel (G. FULVIO; P. FEBRONIO. Gas oil composition, 1995).

[053] In the US20100210487 patent, a friction modifying composition was used, aiming at reducing the friction of a lubricant with surfactants (sorbitan esters), with loss of lubrication potential over time, at a controlled rate of 0 , 5 g / min. According to the increasing temperature, there was a reduction in the friction coefficient of the respective lubricant by at least 10%, 20% and 30% at temperatures above 25 ° C, 40 ° C and 60 ° C, respectively. Friction performance was assessed by reducing the wear scar (25%, 35%, 50% and 60%). The sorbitan esters reduced the coefficient of friction in the respective lubricant composition by at least 30%, at temperatures below or equal to 80 ° C and by at least 15%, at a temperature below or equal to 140 ° C. The blends reduced the friction coefficient of the lubricant composition by at least

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50%, 40%, 30% and 25%, at temperatures above 60 ° C, 80 ° C, 90 ° C and 120 ° C, respectively (JD FRANK; AM CYRIL; KMGM VENKATRAMANAN. Fatty sorbitan ester based friction modifiers, 2010).

[054] The patent WO2014178811 is in the area of petroleum refining and petrochemicals and reports the development of fuel and lubricant compositions with the aim of reducing wear and oxidation scars from fuels obtained from hydrocarbons, ethanol, diesel and their mixtures. In said invention, a method was used to improve the lubrication capacity of low sulfur fuels by introducing rapeseed oil and other oxygen-containing compounds of plant origin. The method used comprised obtaining unmodified nanometric carbon in spherical clusters (cNOS), which were prepared via cyclohexane synthesis. The modification of the surface of the cNOS clusters was carried out by chemical synthesis, facilitated by the high reactivity of the double bonds between the carbon atoms of the graphene surface layers. The anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties were carried out under friction conditions as close as possible to the real conditions of the specific mechanism, at an ambient temperature of 18 ° C. For testing, rollers with a diameter and thickness of 3 mm were selected, which were specifically made of BSAC-15 steel (chrome-alloy steel bearing; 1.5% chromium content). The additives, based on spherical clusters of nanometric carbon, significantly improved antioxidant properties (B. VLADISLAV; G. VIKTOR; T. ZAUR; P. IEVGEN; M. GEORGY; G. OLHA. Additive for fuels and lubricants, 2014) .

[055] US patent 20120023811 A1 refers to an improvement in the quality of B7 biodiesel (7% biodiesel and 93% diesel) obtained from vegetable or animal oil. Non-phenolic substances have been added that improve oxidative stability and decrease the acidity index in biodiesels. The basis of the invention was the discovery of the product of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and a polyamine, which when added to biodiesel (in small quantities) caused a reduction in the acidity and oxidation of biodiesel. It is known in the art that when a carboxylic acid reacts with a 1,2-diamine, a 5-membered heterocyclic ring (imidazoline) is formed. Similarly, if a 1,3-diamine reacts with a carboxylic acid, a 6-membered heterocyclic ring (tetrahydropyrimidine) is

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Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOYBEAN OIL BIODIESEL ADDED AS A FUEL AND ECOCOMPATIBLE LUBRICANT

Proposal of the invention, field of the invention and justification of the invention [001] The present invention relates to the production process of soy biodiesel (Glycine max L.), in the B7 composition (7% soy biodiesel and 93% S10 diesel) ), called B7-OS, and its additive mixture (B7-OS-AD), for application of the additive product, as an ecocompatible fuel and lubricant, with economic and environmental viability.

[002] The improvement of the quality of the B7-OS-additive mixture was acquired by the inclusion of 5% of an antioxidant additive in the class of semi-synthetic vegetable surfactants (saponified vegetable oil, called WHO). The B7OS and B7-OS-AD bioproducts were evaluated by tribrological tests, with the study of lubricity as a parameter that allows the analysis of product quality.

[003] Specifically, the reduction of friction and wear of AISI 52100 steel, was evaluated by the improvement of viscosity and formation of lubricating films that totally separate the surfaces under relative movement.

[004] The B7-OS-AD bioprode for green fuel, will arouse the interest of the energy, automobile, agribusiness, chemical industry sectors, among other related areas linked to the biotechnological fuel sector.

[005] Regarding the energy sector, the following aspects stand out:

a) as a sustainable, economically viable energy source, with reduced environmental impacts;

b) as automobile fuel, it provides burning with environmental viability and represents alternative energy to the use of diesel oil;

c) they are correlated to agroenergy, since they are used in engines of agricultural machinery that operate on the basis of engines; in addition, it leverages biosustainable development, with the possibility of generating jobs due to soy cultivation and its demand for use as a fuel and lubricant product;

d) reduces dependence on fossil fuels in a sustainable manner;

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Formed 15/23. Certain mixtures containing imidazoline (4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole) or tetrahydropyrimidine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidine) are good antioxidants and acidity reducers, with proven action as biodiesel and its mixtures with diesel (S. STOURNAS; G. KARAVALAKIS. Bioodiesel containing non-phenolic additives and thereby possessing enhanced oxidative stability and low acid number (2/2/2012).

[056] The patent WO 2012021959 A1 contemplates compositions of quaternary mixtures, that is, the combination of the proposed ternary mixtures (biodiesel, non-superior alcohol and vegetable oil) with petroleum diesel, in different proportions. The preferred embodiment of this invention provides the replacement of fuel from a non-renewable source (diesel oil) with others from a renewable, natural, non-toxic, biodegradable source of excellent technical performance, in addition to promoting a more perfect burning, less emission of pollutants and less formation deposits of impurities on the internal components of engines. For that, alcohol is used, preferably anhydrous type, in the proportion range of 10% to 50%, by mass; vegetable oil in the range of 10% to 60% by weight, ethyl or methyl ester (biodiesel) in the range of 20% to 80% by weight. The experiment made it possible to decrease the fuel ignition delay, decrease the viscosity and lower the temperature of crystallization onset, tested in 6 HP diesel cycle engines. For the purpose of energy consumption elements (load), an electric power generator and 18 lamps of 150 W were used. The experiment made it possible to observe, in comparison to the use of petroleum diesel: normal engine operation (without irregularities); 10% higher thermal yield; particulate matter emission about 70% lower; less internal carbonization and less wear (D.M. TURRA. Ternary fuel compositions containing biodiesel, vegetable oil and lower alcohols to power diesel engines, 2012).

[057] The patent WO 2013120985 A1 concerns additives that provide resistance to wear of diesel or biodiesel with a sulfur content less than or equal to 500 ppm. The use of additives allows diesel and biodiesel to resist lacquering. Additives with at least 50% by weight of polyglycerol monoester and / or diester and ester units are derived from fatty acids. The additive (reducing agent) was selected from: succinic acid anhydrides

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WU, 2006), soybean oil represents a promising source of study for the technological development of renewable energies.

[080] In this sense, through tribological tests, it was possible to conclude that the B7-OS-AD bioproduct has the following characteristics:

a) although the roughness tests have shown that the WHO additive (at 5% concentration) provided greater lubricity for the B7-OS-AD sample, this sample forms a less stable film, compared to the B7-OS and S10 diesel mixture ;

b) B7-OS-AD is less susceptible to oxidative processes, when compared with biodiesel S10 and its precursor B7-OS;

c) B7-OS-AD, added with 5% of OMS oil, presents better viscosity and stability, with 32.9% reduction of wear of the metal AISI 52100; therefore, it is being indicated as an alternative to the use of diesel, with technological quality and gain in reducing environmental impacts.

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16/23 substituted, especially polyisobutenyl succinic anhydrides or of a substituted amino group, such as: N-polyisobutene amine R1 NH ₂ and polyisobutenoethylenediamine N-R1-NH-R2-NH2. Another object of the invention refers to biodiesel of superior quality with improved resistance to lacquering, added with 50 ppm of at least one reducing agent, detergents, dispersants and with at least one additive. The additives used can improve the wear resistance caused by biodiesel and diesel, with low sulfur content, and the lacquer resistance of superior biodiesel fuels. The use of these additives improves the fuel lubricity for low-compression diesel or low-sulfur biodiesel engines, and reduces the rate of wear in the fuel injection system, including the injection pump. The additives used for wear resistance and resistance to lacquering of diesel and biodiesel fuels can be incorporated into the fuel by up to 10%, presenting significant advantages. The lacquer measurement method used a four-cylinder diesel engine and 16 high-pressure injection valves, with a displacement of 1,500 cm ³ and a power of 80 hp. The power point was 40 amp at 4000 rpm. The injected fuel flow was adjusted to obtain a discharge temperature of 750 ° C. To increase the stresses experienced by the fuel, the injection pressure was increased to 10 MPa in relation to the nominal pressure (that is, the passage from 140 MPa to 150 MPa) and the temperature is regulated at 65 ° C at the inlet of the high pressure pump. pressure. In the first 20 hours, B7 was used with high quality diesel (containing PIBSA, type of detergent and acid friction modifier) known for its tendency to generate lacquer. After 20 hours, two of the four injectors were removed, to validate the amount of deposits that are present, and two new injectors were installed. The wear sensations were performed in the HFRR and the values obtained were 349 pm wear diameter, for diesel, and friction coefficient 0.182 and maximum lacquer value of 330 ppm (A. MATHIEU; D. THOMAS; G. LAURENT; R. HÉLÈNE, Additives for improving the resistance to wear and to lacquering of diesel or biodiesel fuels, 2014).

[058] In the present invention, the degree of lubricity of soybean-based biodiesel in mixtures B7-SD (7% biodiesel and 93% diesel) and B20-SD (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel) and conventional diesel was carried out using equipment

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17/23 oscillating high frequency (High Frequency Reciprocating Test Rig, HFRR), in order to provide values of mean diameter of the wear eschar (WSD), which will be compared with the values recommended worldwide.

[059] According to the literary searches carried out and briefly described above, it was proven that there are no reports anticipating the proposal of the present invention, which consists of the development of the B7-OS-AD bio-product for energy and lubricant application in automobile engines. The tribological performance of B7-OS-AD additive biodiesel was evaluated by measuring its lubrication capacity, as well as by the physicochemical characterizations, having concluded that, compared to diesel, the present invention (B7-OS-AD) has the following qualities: a) good solubilizing property (therefore, it reduces the formation and deposition of solid matter); b) stabilizer (therefore, it improves the homogeneous appearance of the product, in order to avoid the formation of crystals that would affect the texture of biodiesel); c) slows down changes caused by microorganisms, due to the fungicidal effect of the starting biomass of soybean oil (B7-OSD10); d) oxidation stability by reducing the formation of metallic oxides that deposit and cause corrosion. Detailed description of the invention [060] The biodiesel was obtained by the transesterification process of soy oil (degummed) directly, that is, it does not need to remove free fatty acids, because its content is less than 2%. A ratio of 1: 5 (alcohol: soybean oil of the Soya brand) was used in the process of obtaining biodiesel, so 400 ml of oil and 80 ml of methyl alcohol were used, with the addition of 1.6 g of NaOH as a catalyst (4 g / L of oil). In the experimental procedure for transesterification, a saturated solution of sodium methoxide was prepared and added to the oil, which was subjected to a temperature of 65 ° C, which is thermodynamically favorable for product formation. The system stabilized at 76 ° C.

[061] In the post-treatment, the mixture was washed with 100 ml of hot water at 80 ° C and then with saturated sodium chloride solution. 50 ml of pentane was added for phase separation, with subsequent addition of anhydrous sodium sulfate, in order to remove water. Filtration was carried out to remove viscous residues containing pentane and followed by drying for 5 hours in an oven in order to

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18/23 remove residual water from the medium, with a new filtration, obtaining the biodiesel B7-OS. Subsequently, the B7-OS mixture was added with 5% oil of the OMS semi-synthetic surfactant, so that 30% of the resulting composition (called B7-OS-AD) contains the additive component OMS, solubilized in ethanol (5% of WHO and 95% ethanol). Therefore, B7-OS-AD contains 70% of the B7-OS mixture and 30% of the WHO solution (5%) in ethanol (95%).

[062] The physical-chemical characterization of the fuels analyzed is detailed in Table 1. The importance of these analyzes is the need to assess the quality of biodiesel. Therefore, the water content, acidity, viscosity and flash point are essential parameters for determining the formation of wear and lubricity of the materials under study.

Table 1. Physico-chemical characterization of B7-OS, B7-OS-AD and Diesel S10 fuels.

Feature B7-OS B7-OS-AD Diesel S10 Standards / limits Aspect Clear Clear Clear RANP 14/2012 - clear Viscosity 3.70 4, 6 3.1 RANP 14/2012 - between 3.0 and 6.0 cin, mm ² / s, 40 ° C Acidity level 0.45 0.4 - RANP 14/2012 - between 0 and 0.50 mg mg KOH / g KOH / g Flash Point, 167 160 110 RANP 14/2012 - minimum 100 ° C ° C min min Max. Water content 172 250 160 RANP 14/2012 - max. 350 mg / kg mg / kg

[063] In addition to promoting biodiesel hydrolysis resulting in free fatty acids, water is also associated with the proliferation of microorganisms and corrosion with sediment deposition. According to the data in table 1, significant results are observed for the B7-OS (172) sample, with a significant increase for the B7-OS-AD sample (250), due to the solubilization of the additive surfactant (WHO) having alcohol (ethanol), which retains moisture. Therefore, for the sample B7-OS-AD, the monitoring of water content, due to its storage must be strict, to prevent the occurrence of biodiesel hydrolysis resulting in free fatty acids, in addition to moisture being associated with the proliferation of microorganisms. and biocorrosion, with deposition of sediments.

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19/23 [064] The monitoring of acidity in biodiesel is of great importance during storage, in which the change in values in this period can mean the presence of water.

[065] The viscosity of biodiesel increases with the length of the carbon chain and the degree of saturation and has an influence on the burning process in the combustion chamber of the engine. The high viscosity causes heterogeneity in the combustion of biodiesel, due to the reduction of atomization efficiency in the combustion chamber, causing the deposition of residues in the internal parts of the engine. Residual soaps, as well as unreacted glycerides (mono, di and triglycerides) and products of oxidative degradation of biodiesel, increase the viscosity of biodiesel (G. KNOTHE, KR STEIDLEY, Lubricity of components of biodiesel and petrodiesel. The origin of biodiesel lubricity, 2005).

[066] The flash point is the minimum temperature where the release of vapors from a liquid is observed, in sufficient quantity to form a flammable mixture with air. For biodiesel, the flash point values are considerably higher than the values found for mineral diesel. For pure biodiesel, the flash point value is close to 170 ° C, however, minimal amounts of alcohol added to biodiesel, cause a very significant decrease in this value (IP LÔBO, SLC FERREIRA, RS CRUZ, Biodiesel: quality parameters and analytical methods, 2009).

[067] The ASTM D2709 standard for determining water and sediment by centrifugation, stipulates a maximum allowed value of 0.05% volume, with 0.049% being found. It is 350 mg / kg by the RANP standard, having been found for B7-OS-AD, 250 mg / kg. All standards allow for acidity, a maximum of 0.5 mg / KOH / g, the biodiesel from soy oil with additives showed 0.4 mg / KOH / g. The ASTM D6751 standard (analytical method D445) allows a viscosity range of 1.9 to 6.0 mm ² / s, with a value of 4.6 mm ² / s being found for the biodiesel of soybean oil with additives, the RANP standard, has a range between 3.0 and 6.0 ₂ mm / s. The minimum flash point by ANP and RANP standards is 100 ° C, with a minimum value of 160 ° C found for biodiesel from soy oil with additives.

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Study of the formation of wear and lubricity [068] The study of lubricity was evaluated through tests on an HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Test Rig, HFRR) machine. A quantity of 2 mL of the mixtures and diesel was added to a container containing the tribological pair in contact (sphere, 66> HRC> 58, Ra = 0.05 pm), against a turned, polished and polished disk, 210> HV0, 03> 190, Ra = 0.02 pm, both made of AISI E-52100 steel, which is a steel of mechanical construction), subjected to an HFRR test, with alternating sliding amplitude 1 mm and frequency 50 Hz, for 75 minutes. After this time, the sphere was removed from the test site and the excess oil was removed with absorbent paper. The dimensions of the wear crater formed on the surface of the sphere are evaluated using an optical microscope with a magnification of 100 times. The arithmetic mean of the largest (x) and smallest (y) diameters of the eschar ellipse is the number that describes the wear of the ball, to which the degree of fuel lubricity is associated. This number is called WSD (Wear Scar Diameter) by the ASTM D 6079-04 standard. High WSD values indicate a greater wear of the ball and, therefore, a fluid with less lubricity and vice versa (FARIAS et al., 2006).

[069] Lubricity is then assessed by the wear eschar (Figures 1, 2, 3) in pm, produced in an animated sphere with alternating sliding against a stationary plane according to ASTM D6079-04. Where: Figure 1, corresponds to the image of the wear sore and graph of the HFRR lubricity test for B7-OS; Figure 2, corresponds to sample B7-OS-AD and Figure 3, to diesel S10.

[070] In Figure 4 the temperature data are presented, in the lubricity test containing the determinations for mixtures B7-OS (mixture B7 of soybean oil), B7-OS-AD (B7-OS-additive) and S10. percentage of film and friction coefficient of mixtures, (B7-OS-AD) and conventional diesel. It is observed that the average temperature values at the location of the disc-sphere positioning was 59.90 ± 0.1 ° C, which corresponds to the temperature in automobile engines in operation.

[071] Figure 5 shows the average film percentage of the mixes B7-OS and B7OS-AD, as well as diesel S10. Diesel S10 presented a percentage (10 ± 1%) lower than that observed for B7-OS and B7-OS-AD (99 ± 1% and 97 ± 1%,

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21/23 respectively). The higher percentage may indicate high resistance to direct sphere-disc contact, suggesting that the partial hydrodynamic film of these fuels is sufficiently high.

[072] Figure 6 shows that the S10 diesel has an intermediate friction coefficient (0.8 μ) compared to the values observed for the B7-OS (0.072 μ) and B7-OS-AD (0.11 μ) mixtures. Generally, the lower percentage of the film represents a higher friction coefficient, which is the condition of low partial hydrodynamic film, which in turn, favors greater disc sphere contact, consequently enlarging the friction area, since the film serves as a barrier between the specimens, sphere and disk.

[073] When evaluating the percentage curves of interfacial film for the fluids under study, better formation of the film of the B7-OC and B7-OS-AD mixes is observed, with greater stability for the B7-OS mixture. For B7-OS-AD, peaks in the formation of the film are observed, distributed throughout the experiment. This is due to a higher content of fatty acids from the additive WHO (saponified semisynthetic surfactant). This instability in the formation of the film occurred due to the system going out of balance with relaxation time as a function of the shear. This occurs when the sphere exerts a frictional force (opposite to the direction of movement on the disc) that deforms the film formed on the metallic surface, with a small rise in temperature in the contact region, characterized as a consequence of mechanical disturbance. The S10 diesel, although it presented good stability in the formation of the film, has less lubricity and probably, less thickness of the film and, consequently, provided greater wear on the 193 μm metallic surface.

[074] Regarding S10 diesel, as it has a higher sulfur content (10 mg / kg), it has good viscosity when heated. This behavior is due to the rupture of the rings forming long chains of sulfur atoms that are attracted by van der Waals, causing a decrease in the fluidity of the liquid. This probably leads to the formation of thin layers of the film, which is not enough to significantly reduce the friction.

Analysis of roughness formation [075] Wear can be characterized by analyzing the profile of the wear mark. By these measures it can be confirmed that wear is not a function

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22/23 invariable ester concentration (SULEK et al., 2010). Figures 7, 8 and 9 show the surface roughness of these disks, whose profiles are presented through Ra (mean arithmetic roughness) and Rz (mean height from peak to valley), with parameters that determine maximum depth and scar area after the tests lubricity of the B7-OS (Fig. 7) and B7-OS-AD (Fig. 8) mixtures, as well as the S10 diesel (Fig. 9). According to the profiles of these figures, the B7-OS-AD mixture (Ra = 0.256 mm and Rz = 1.18) showed less depth and eschar area, compared to the B7-OS sample (Ra = 0.261 mm and Rz = 1.21 mm) and S10 diesel (0.535 mm and Rz 2.38 mm), consequently, it has greater lubricity. These results indicated that the abrasion of the S10 diesel is greater than that observed for the B7-OS and B7-OS-AD mixtures.

[076] The roughness values obtained are in accordance with ABNT NBR 8404/1984: B7-OS and B7-AD, class N4 (for bearings, brake drums, among others) and diesel S10, class N5 (for valves balls, car exchange, among others) that have values varying between 50 mm (N12) - 0.025 (N1).

[077] Comparison made with data from the literature, indicated that the methyl ester of soy showed a less desirable frictional force. However, the friction properties of soy methyl ester improved with the increase of the applied load, for a certain speed range, surpassing the data observed for the methyl coconut ester (coconut oil biodiesel) (CHONG; NG, 2016 ). Therefore, it was evidenced that the friction properties of soybean methyl ester are sensitive in relation to the applied normal load and the shear rate.

[078] Considering the 1% -10% mixtures of soybean oil biodiesel, previously reported, it was observed that the variation of biodiesel does not significantly change the density and viscosity of the mixtures. However, it reduces the WSD values of the samples (NICOLAU et al., 2014). Another study revealed that vegetable oils such as soybean oil, result in a lower friction coefficient than synthetic and mineral oils (ALVES et al., 2013).

[079] Regardless of technological limitations or industrial processing (high productivity), as well as climatic adversities, seasonal issues, occurrence of pests, diseases and weeds, which are some of the recurring problems in the biofuels industrial sector (DIAS, et al., 2012; MIAO;

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Claims (10)

1. Production of soy biodiesel (Glycine max L.), characterized by being in the B7 composition (B7-OS: 7% soy biodiesel and 93% S10 diesel), and its additive mixture (called B7-OS- AD), for application of the additive product, as an ecocompatible fuel and lubricant, with economic and environmental viability; 2. Improvement in the quality of the B7-OS-additive mixture (B7-OS-AD), characterized by having been acquired by the inclusion of 5% of an antioxidant additive in the class of semi-synthetic vegetable surfactants (saponified vegetable oil, called WHO, solubilized in alcohol), or by another type of additive, with percentage change; 3. Production of B7-additive soybean biodiesel, characterized by being in accordance with claims 1 and 2, and analyzes of the B7-OS-AD bioproduct via tribrological tests, with the study of lubricity as a parameter that enables the analysis of the quality of the product; 4. Development of B7-additive soybean biodiesel, characterized by being in accordance with claims 1, 2 and 3, and which, specifically, has been evaluated for the reduction of friction and wear of AISI 52100 steel, aiming to analyze the improvement of viscosity and formation of lubricating films; 5. Development of B7-additive soy biodiesel, characterized by being in accordance with claims 1 to 4, and which has been acquired by the inclusion of pure antioxidant additives or in mixtures (in different percentages), which are in the class of vegetable surfactants semi-synthetic (saponified vegetable oil), or synthetic, solubilized in alcohol or other solubilizing medium; 6. Development of B7-additive soybean biodiesel, characterized by being in accordance with claims 1 to 5, and being evaluated by different methodologies that allow analysis of product quality, with the study of lubricity as a parameter that enables quality analysis the product, via wear of ferrous metal alloys, non-ferrous alloys and elastomers, which make up automobile engines; Petition 870160037974, of 7/21/2016, p. 31/38 2/2 7. Development of soy biodiesel, characterized by being in accordance with claims 1 to 6, and in accordance with the industrial energy or lubricants sector, with emphasis on the following aspects: a) as a sustainable, economically viable energy source, with reduction of environmental impacts, b) as fuel for automobiles, providing burning with environmental feasibility and representing alternative energy to the use of diesel oil, minimizing the dependence on fossil fuels, c) are related to agroenergy, e) use on a large scale with clean energy production, which result in ecological and economic benefits; 8. Development of B7-additive soy biodiesel, characterized by being in accordance with claims 1 to 7, and having alternative use of soy biodiesel in mixtures B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B8, B9, B10 up to B20 (mixtures B100 with diesel oil, 1% to 20%) with S10 diesel, with proven efficiency in oxidative processes, viscosity and stability, compared to diesel, with reduced material wear, with a gain in reducing environmental impacts; 9. Development of B7-additive soy biodiesel, characterized by being in accordance with claims 1 to 8, and having alternative use of soy biodiesel (B100) in different compositions of mixtures with S10 diesel oil (or modifications of different types of diesel), for use as fuel or lubricant; 10. Development of B7-additive soybean biodiesel, characterized by being in accordance with claims 1 to 9, and having been used in mixture with other biodegradable biodiesel, from other sources (vegetable or animal), for alternative use of biodiesel of soybean (B100) in different compositions of mixtures with S10 diesel oil, with application as fuel or lubricant. Petition 870160037974, of 7/21/2016, p. 32/38 1/4