BG855Y1 - Means for preservation of moisture and the initial soil structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The method and the means are applied for extending the time of the retention of moisture in the soil in order to reduce the water volume for the irrigation of agricultural crops and the number of irrigations per a season, by keeping the initial friable soil structure. They contribute for keeping the wetness and the initial soil structure, thus ensuring water economy and friable, easily cultivatedactive soil horizon, suitable for uniform irrigation, fertilization and treatment with agricultural preparations, and creating favourable medium for the growth and development of the plants. In soilspolluted by heavy metals and pesticides, the transition of the pesticides, contained in the soil' is reduced by more than 60%, and the heavy metals content is kept under the standard allowances. By the method the soil is treated by a means including surfactant polymers, in particular symmetrical and asymmetrical multiblock polyethers, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyacrylic acid, polymethylacrilate, polyacrylamide and the co-polymers thereof, as well as other highly molecular compounds with a general formula wherein n and m are integers from 10 to 20,000, and X=Y or X, different from Y are 5- or 6-atom heterocyclic compounds, containing one or more than one identical or different heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulphur, or acrylic and methacrylic acid and derivatives of these acids. The natural and synthetic amphiphilic polymers are introduced in the soil in the form of aqueous solution independently or in the irrigation waters.

Description

Technical field

The utility model refers to a means of extending soil moisture retention time in order to reduce the volume of irrigation water for crops and the number of irrigations per season and to maintain the original loose soil structure. The agent is water soluble and is applied in aqueous solution alone or through irrigation water. The application of the agent leads to the preservation of humidity and the initial structure of the soil, which provides water savings and a loose, easily cultivable active soil horizon, suitable for even irrigation, fertilization and treatment with agricultural products. This creates a favorable environment for plant growth and development.

One serious problem for agriculture is that the period of growth, flowering, fruit formation and ripening is usually accompanied by periods of intense drought, with the formation of cracked, compact soil. High temperatures require frequent water needs, or frequent irrigation, associated with significant water and labor costs. With the introduction of water into the soil, the substances and agents necessary for the normal development of the crops are also washed away.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Existing means for extending soil moisture retention time are based on either the introduction of mechanical solids into the soil impregnated with active substances or polymer gels, mainly based on acrylic acid or its derivatives - salts, amides and others. For example, an agent that helps retain soil moisture does not reduce the air permeability of the soil and aids the growth of the plants is coal ash impregnated with a water-absorbing resin - polyacrylate, a copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone with acrylic acid or copolymers. Gels are known, whose ability to absorb water is very high [2-4]. There are no known agents that do not contain solid mechanical impurities and have a positive effect on soil structure.

The technical nature of the utility model

The problem that is solved with the utility model is to create a means to prolong the retention time of soil moisture and to preserve its original loose structure, which does not require the introduction of mechanical impurities, gels or salts into the soil and not undergoes additional machining.

This problem is solved by the proposed agent, which is an aqueous solution containing, as active ingredients, surface-active polymers - polyvinylpyrrolidones or copolymers of the general formula - (m- ^with -Ht- ^on b x γ where X = Y or X F Y, a X and Υ are five or six-membered heterocyclic residues containing one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, and η and m are integers from 10 to 20,000, or multiblock polyethers of the general formula

where η and m are integers from 10 to 20,000 and X and Y are -CH ₃ or -H such as XF Y

The aqueous solutions of the active ingredients are added to the irrigation water or directly irrigated with the soil. The effect of moisture retention and preservation of the original soil structure is achieved in all soil types treated with the agent, the subject of this utility model. This effect is most pronounced in chernozem, clay soils and mixed soils.

Examples of the utility model A mass pot is irrigated with 40 ml tap water containing 0.01 mg / ml symmetrical five-block

The following examples illustrate the useful copolymer of the ethylene and propylene models without limitation. oxides of molecular weight 3000 and the following

Example 1 formula:

100 g of chernozem soil placed in layer (CH ₂ -CH ₂ O) ₈ - [CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₂ O] ₁₅ - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ O) ₈ - [CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₂ O] ₁₅ - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ O) ₇ -CH ₂ CH ₂ OH

For control, 100 g of black soil is used, the same type of pot, which is watered with only 40 ml of the same tap water.

On the fifth, tenth, thirtieth and sixtieth days from the beginning of the experiment, the moisture content of the soil was measured and found to be 10,20,25 and 25% respectively higher than the control.

The soil brittleness treated with a symmetrical five-block copolymer of ethylene and propylene oxides remains unchanged compared to the initial brittleness, while in the control the soil structure changes from initially loose to a cracked and sintered compact mass as early as the 30th day, as shown FIG. 1.

Example 2.

100 g of clay soil placed in a plastic pot is watered with 40 ml of water containing 0.001 mg / ml of polyvinylpyrrolidone with a molecular weight of 360,000.

For control, 100 g of the same clay soil is used in the same pot, which is watered with only 40 ml of tap water without any additives.

On the fifth, tenth, thirtieth and sixtieth days, the soil moisture content was determined and found to be 15.25, 30 and 30% higher, respectively, than in the control.

The effect of preserving the loose soil structure is analogous to Example 1.

Example 3.

100 g of black earth soil, placed in a plastic pot, is irrigated with 40 ml of tap water containing 0.005 mg / ml poly (1-vinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid) with a molecular weight of 96,000 and 25 wt. % acrylic acid.

For control, 100 g of the same black soil is used, in the same pot, which is watered with only 40 ml of tap water.

On the fifth, tenth, thirtieth and sixtieth days, the soil moisture content was determined and found to be 10.25, 25 and 30% higher than the control, respectively.

In terms of preserving the grip, the effect is analogous to Example 1.

Claims (2)

Claims 1. A moisture preserving agent and the original loose structure of all soil types, characterized in that it is an aqueous solution containing, as active ingredients, surface-active polymers - polyvinylpyrrolidones or copolymers of the general formula wherein X = Y or X * Y , and X and Υ are five or six-membered heterocyclic residues containing one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, an and m are integers from 10 to 20,000, or multiblock polyethers of the general formula -fcH-CH ₂ -ol - GsH-CH ₂ -o] - J _n C -Im where η and m are integers from 10 to 20,000 and X and Y are -CH ₃ or -H, such as X * Y. An agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it is applied in an amount of from 0.01 to 20 g / kg of soil.