BG67462B1 - Crossbow projectile launcher and a projectile thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A crossbow projectile launcher according to the invention comprises a body (5) with a longitudinal groove with two lower projectile guides (14), a bow (22), a bowstring (19), a trigger mechanism, a lever mechanism (17) for tensioning the bowstring (19), and an upper projectile guide (3) arranged parallel to and above the lower guides (14) and having a length equal to the length of the lower guides (14). The upper guide (3) is elastically fixed to the body (5) of the crossbow by two elastic supports, with the possibility of reversible movement in the vertical direction. The crossbow projectile according to the invention has a cylindrical contour including a pointed tip (41), a body (42) and a tail (45), as the projectile has a center of gravity in the front 1/3 of the length of the projectile and a center of aerodynamic drag in the rear 1/2 of the length of the projectile, and the length (L)/diameter (d) ratio is from L = 2d to L = 10d. The projectile is made of at least two different materials, as the tip (41) is made of metal and the body (42) and tail (45) have a solid core of metal and a sheath of engineering plastic.

Description

Field of technique

The invention relates to a sporting weapon similar to a crossbow designed to use projectiles other than an arrow.

Prior art.

Crossbow arrows have a high cost and a short service life. Most shots outside specially adapted targets will irreversibly damage the arrow. This necessitates the use of a substitute arrow - a special projectile, which is cheaper. For the successful launch of the projectile, a change in the design of the crossbow is required.

From DE 102013021855 A1 is a known projectile for firing a bowstring weapon which has a cylindrical shape with a pointed tip and a spirally cut slot in its rear to accommodate the bowstring. The slot reaches the front of the projectile so that when the string is released, it pulls the projectile forward rather than pushing it as it does with arrows. The known crossbow for firing the projectiles described has a tube of constant internal diameter in which the projectile moves during firing. The use of a tube to guide the projectile, on the one hand, increases the friction between the inner surface of the tube and the projectile, which reduces the power of the shot, and on the other hand, it can only be used with one caliber of projectiles.

Technical essence of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to create a projectile for shooting with a crossbow that has improved ballistic characteristics, is convenient for transportation and storage, and is economically advantageous.

Another task of the invention is to create a crossbow for launching projectiles, in which there is optimization of the friction of the projectile on the guides, the possibility of jamming of the projectile between the guides is removed, and it is possible to use projectiles of different close calibers and lengths.

The first object of the invention is solved by creating a projectile for a crossbow, with a cylindrical outline including a pointed tip, a body and a tail located along the axis of the projectile, in which all the elements of the projectile are in the diameter of the cylindrical outline, the projectile being centered of weight in the front 1/3 of the projectile length and with the center of aerodynamic drag in the rear 1/2 of the projectile length, and the length (L) /diameter (d) ratio is from L = 2d to L = 10d. According to the invention, the projectile is made of at least two different materials, the tip being made of metal and the body and tail having a solid core of metal and a shell of engineering plastic.

In a preferred embodiment, there is at least one annular channel in the rear of the projectile body. In this variant, it is possible to have axial parallel or helical fins in at least one annular channel.

The other object of the invention is solved by creating a crossbow for launching projectiles, including a body with a longitudinal channel with two lower projectile guides, a bow attached to the front side of the body, a string stretched between the ends of the bow, a trigger mechanism including a trigger and a string retaining hook, a string tensioning lever mechanism which is connected to the hook, which lever mechanism together with the hook is adapted to move between two end positions - unlocked, in which the hook is in a forward position, and locked, in which the hook with the string is cocked in the rear position, ready to fire. According to the invention, the crossbow also includes an upper guide of the projectile, located parallel to and above the lower guides, which upper guide has a length equal to the length of the lower guides, and the upper guide is elastically fixed to the body of the crossbow with the possibility of reversibility by means of two elastic supports in a vertical direction.

In one embodiment of the crossbow according to the invention, the elastic supports with which the upper guide is fixed to the body are two brackets, respectively, a front bracket located in the front part of the crossbow and a rear bracket located in the rear part of the crossbow. wherein a vertically disposed spring is attached to each bracket, on the underside of which and equidistant above the lower guides is attached an upper guide, capable of being reversibly displaced upward by compression of the springs.

In another embodiment, the upper guide is the lower surface of a tubular magazine for projectiles, representing a tube horizontally located above the lower guides, which is fixed to the body of the crossbow by the two elastic supports, respectively, front and rear, with the possibility of reversible movement in the vertical direction , wherein each elastic support includes a U-shaped bracket with a vertical spring mounted in its upper part, and between the vertical arms of the U-shaped bracket there is a slider fixed in its upper part to the lower part of the spring, to which the slider is immovably fixed the upper guide tube.

In this variant, the tube of the tubular magazine may have an upper opening for loading projectiles into the magazine and a lower opening for removing the projectiles and placing them in readiness for firing, the tube in its front part also having a spring for pushing the loaded projectiles to a stop for projectile course mounted in the rear of the tubular magazine tube.

Preferably, the lever mechanism has an upper arm with a projectile thumb, which thumb is adapted to enter a thumb hole in the top of the tubular magazine tube in the locked position of the lever mechanism, the thumb hole being located immediately above the ejection port projectiles from the tubular magazine.

The crossbow for launching projectiles according to the invention works with projectiles according to the invention.

Explanation of the attached figures

The invention is illustrated by embodiments shown in the attached figures, of which:

Figure 1a is a view of a projectile according to the invention in longitudinal section along the axis;

Figure 1b is an image of another version of the projectile according to the invention;

Figure 2a is a view of an embodiment of the elastic attachment of the upper guide to the body of the crossbow;

Figure 2b is an image of another embodiment of the elastic fastening of the upper guide to the body of the crossbow, with a lever system of the "pantograph" type;

Figures 3a and 3b are side views of an exemplary embodiment of the crossbow according to the invention, showing the lever system for tensioning the string in the locked 3a and unlocked positions 3b, and cross AA and longitudinal BB sections of the lever system.

Figures 4a and 4b are cross-sectional views of the front and rear elastic support of the crossbow of Figure 4c, taken along lines A-A and B-B, respectively;

Figure 4c is a partial longitudinal vertical section of the crossbow of Figure 3a;

Figure 4d is a partial top view of the crossbow of Figure 3a.

Example of implementation and action of the invention

The projectile for a crossbow, according to the invention, is made in two versions and shown in figures 1a and 1b. It consists of a cylindrical body 42, a pointed tip 41 and a tail 45. The essential differences between the projectile according to the invention and a conventional arrow are the following:

- The length (L) to diameter (d) ratio is in the range L = 100d to 10d for the arrow, while for the projectile it is in the range L = 10d to 2d.

In the projectile according to the invention, there are no elements protruding outside the cylindrical contour of the body (caliber). In the arrow, the feathering at the rear end is always outside the contour of the body, and in hunting arrows, the tip is also outside the contour of the body.

A characteristic feature of the projectile according to the invention is that it is composed of several different materials, necessarily having a metallic and non-metallic part. In the version of the projectile shown in figure 1a, the tip is made entirely of metal, and the body and tail have a metal core and an engineering plastic shell.

By selecting the weight of the sharp point, the core and the weight of the shell, a center of gravity located on the central axis in the front third of the length of the projectile is achieved.

The plastic casing provides reduced friction between the guides in the crossbow and the projectile during the firing process.

For stable flight, increased air resistance is provided with the application point of the forces located on the axis in the rear half of the projectile. The rear half of the projectile can be made, as a simple taper, in the form of an annular channel 44 (figure 1a) or taper 47 with built-in (without exiting the cylindrical contour) feathering, respectively with spirals 46 (figure 1b) or straight (parallel on the projectile axis) feathers.

The crossbow according to the invention consists of a body 5 with two lower guides 14, a bow 22 attached to the front side of the body 5, a string 19 stretched between the ends of the bow 22, a trigger mechanism including a trigger 15 and a hook 18 for holding the string 19, lever mechanism 17 for tensioning the string 19, which is connected to the hook 18.

The guides are a structural element of the crossbow, contacting the projectile during the firing process. Due to the design of the arrow, in the crossbow, two guide edges (lower guides) included on the surface of the body channel and pressing the arrow with a spring at the beginning of the shot are sufficient. At least three guides are needed to guide a cylindrical projectile in a crossbow shot. For example, three guide edges located at the vertices of an acute-angled triangle inscribed in the cylindrical contour of the projectile are sufficient to unambiguously set the direction of the shot. In the crossbow according to the invention, a third upper guide edge was added, included in the surface of the upper guide 3 and with the same length as the lower guides 14. In order to prevent jamming, optimize friction and the possibility of using projectiles with different close calibers, the upper guide 3 is attached to the body 5 of the crossbow elastically in a vertical direction. The elastic fastening can be carried out independently at both ends of the upper guide 3, as shown schematically in figure 2a. Here, the upper guide 3 is attached to two vertical springs 2 and 6, which allow it to be displaced upwards for the placement of a projectile 4, while the springs 2 and 6 press the upper guide 3 down. It is possible to make the elastic suspension with one elastic element, i.e. one vertical spring 6, for example, if the guide is performed with parallel movement over the lower guides, such as a lever system 11 of the "pantograph" type, as shown in figure 2b.

Figures 3a and 3b show an exemplary version of a crossbow for launching projectiles according to the invention. All known crossbow parts and mechanisms can be constructed and implemented in a variety of ways known to those skilled in the art.

Figure 3a shows a general view of the crossbow and the action of the lever mechanism 17 for tensioning the string 19 and positioning the projectile 4. The characteristic of this construction is that both operations are performed with one action. As can be seen from the figures, the lever mechanism 17 has a main arm which is hinged via an axis 8 to a bracket 7 of the rear elastic support. The lever mechanism 17 is connected to the hook 18 by a cross arm 25, which is connected at one end by a hinge 24 to the main arm, as shown in the longitudinal and transverse sections of Figures 3a and 3b. The lever mechanism 17 together with the hook 18 moves between two end positions - an unlocked position, in which the hook 18 is in a forward position for engagement with the string 19, and a locked position, in which the hook 18 with the string 19 is in a rear position ready to fire . The locking of the lever mechanism 17 takes place with a locking means 23 in the stock 16. The lever mechanism 17 also has an upper shoulder with a thumb 38 for loading the projectile 4.

The crossbow has a body 5 which is of rod profile with slots. The upper slot is used for the lower guides 14 of the projectile 4, the two side slots are guides for sliding the hook 18, and the lower slot is for the wedge slide 27 of the trigger 15 (Fig. 4c). The upper guide 3 is implemented as a tube, which also combines the function of a tubular magazine for projectiles, and the lower surface of the tube fulfills the role of the upper guide as well. Through two elastic supports, respectively, front and rear, the tube of the upper guide 3 is fixed to the body 5. Each of the elastic supports is composed of U-shaped clamps 1 and 7, fixed with two screws to the body 5. To the front clamp 1 of to the front elastic support, a bed guard 20 and a bracket with a retainer 21 for the bow 22 are welded. On the upper end of brackets 1 and 7, there is a mechanically fastened intermediate plate and measuring devices 12. To the rear bracket 7 of the rear elastic support, a stock 16 is welded, axis 8 of the lever mechanism 17 and sight 12. In the upper part of each clamp 1 and 7, vertical springs 2 and 6, respectively, are fixed, at the lower end of which sliders, respectively front 9 and rear 13, made of technical plastic are fixed. Sliders 9 and 13 are mounted in brackets 1 and 7 with the possibility of movement in a vertical direction, which is limited in the upper part by springs 2 and 6. Sliders 9 and 13 are fixed fixedly to both ends of the tube of the upper guide 3 with locking screws 10, as shown in Figures 4a and 4b. The springs 2 and 6 press the slides 9 and 13 and through the upper guide 3, ensuring the pressing of the projectile 4 to the lower guides 14 in the body 5.

In the direction of the shot, the front slide 9 is free, and the rear slide 13 is limited by the axis 8 of the lever mechanism 17 and a welded plate in the rear part of the bracket 7.

In the exemplary embodiment of the crossbow shown in Figure 4, the tube of the upper guide 3 represents a tubular magazine for projectiles. Essential to projectile firing in this embodiment is the ability to use the string tension process to automatically position the projectile and store it in prismatic or tubular magazines. For this purpose, the tube of the upper guide 3 has in its front part a built-in spring 31 and a piston 32 with a handle located movably in a longitudinal channel in the upper side of the tube, where a hole for loading projectiles 35 is also located. When moving the piston 32 with the handle forward and to the right, where the handle engages in a slot provided for this purpose shown in figure 4d, the spring 31 is compressed and the loading port 35 of projectiles with the sharp point forward opens. Straightening the handle and releasing the piston 32 ensures that the projectiles 4 are pressed by the spring 31. In the rear part of the tube, on the lower side, there is a hole for taking out projectiles 36, above which there is a hole for the thumb 37, through which the thumb 38 of the lever mechanism passes 17 in the locked position. The movement of the projectiles back into the tube is limited by a support welded to the tube of the upper guide 3, after the projectile outlet 36. Below the projectile outlet 36, an omega spring 33 is located to hold the projectile 4 in the tube of the tubular magazine.

The trigger mechanism includes a trigger 15 with a wedge slide 27 directed with the bevel back, which is located with the possibility of horizontal return movement in the lower slot of the body profile 5. To return the wedge slide 27 and the trigger 15 to the initial position, after the production of a shot, is provided with a coil spring 26. Its action is limited by the protruding end of the trigger pin 15. At the beveled end of the wedge slide 27 there is a vertical plunger 28 located under the string 19 in the loaded position of the crossbow. When the trigger 15 is pulled, the wedge slide 27 raises the vertical plunger 28, which pushes the string 19 over the hook 18 and releases it. The string 19 hits the projectile 4 at the rear end, accelerates it in a direction limited by the three guides, and a shot is produced. The return of the vertical plunger 28 down takes place under the action of a spring 29, which is fixed in the upper slot of the body 5 is a screw and a profile nut. Safety clip 30 of the trigger 15 is attached to the frame of the stock 16 with screws.

The crossbow is loaded by unlocking and turning forward the main lever of the lever system 17, where the cross arm 25 pushes forward the hook 18, which slides along the side slots of the body 5, passes under the bowstring 18 and hooks it, as shown in Fig. 3b. At the same time, the thumb 38 at the upper end of the main lever has come out of the tubular magazine and hole 37 and has been lifted up. This movement frees up space in the magazine, and the plunger 32, driven by the spring 31, pushes the projectile 4 into the bed under the thumb hole 37. When the lever system 17 is retracted, the hook 18 pulls the bowstring 19 back, tensioning the bow and getting into the firing position. Simultaneously, the thumb 38 passes through the opening 37 and retracts into the bed, moving the projectile 4 lying there down onto the lower guides 14. In this action, the omega spring 33 opens, passes the projectile 4 and presses it against the lower guides 14 so that it does not move or fall out. The free end of the lever system 17 is locked to the stock 16 by the locking means 23.

The described crossbow works with projectiles according to the invention.

Claims (2)

A crossbow projectile with a cylindrical outline comprising a pointed tip, a body and a tail located along the axis of the projectile, all elements of the projectile being within the diameter of its cylindrical outline, the projectile having its center of gravity in the forward 1/3 of the length of projectiles and having a drag center at the rear 1/2 of the projectile length and a length (L) /diameter (d) ratio of L = 2d to L = 10d, characterized by being made of at least two different the material, with the tip (41) being made of metal and the body (42) and tail (45) having a solid core of metal and a shell of technical plastic A projectile firing crossbow comprising a body with a longitudinal channel having two lower projectile guides, a bow attached to the front of the body, a string stretched between the ends of the bow, a trigger mechanism including a trigger and a hook for holding the string, a lever mechanism for string tension which is connected to the hook, which lever mechanism together with the hook is adapted to move between two end positions - unlocked, in which the hook is in the forward position, and locked, in which the hook with the string is in the rear position, in readiness for firing, characterized in that it also includes an upper guide (3) of the projectile located parallel to and above the lower guides (14), which upper guide (3) has a length equal to the length of the lower guides (14), such that the upper guide (3) by means of two elastic supports is elastically fixed to the body (5) of the crossbow with the possibility of reversible movement in the vertical direction