BG66996B1 - Elevator garage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an elevator garage, comprising two chains (1), which carry and convey cradles (22) with the parked vehicles, secured to the chains (1) in a familiar way, as these elements are fit into the tower (21) of the elevator garage. The chain link pins (1) include the rollers (2). The chains (1) are driven, carried and led at the upper end by chains (3), which in turn are driven by chain wheels (4) of a common shaft with a drive mechanism. The chains (3) drive the chains (1) by means of external strips (5) formed and arranged in order to completely imitate the interlocking of the chain wheels which they replace. The rollers (2) engage consequently the strips (5) and the load carried by the chains (1) at their upper end is transferred from them through the strips (5) onto the rollers (6) of the hinges of the auxiliary chains (3) and then on the rails (7) on which the rollers are driven (6). The rails (7) are attached to the garage support structure in a familiar way. The inner strips (8) of the auxiliary chains (3) are expanded for better two-sided guidance on the rails (7). Keeping the chains (1) at their lower end on the rails (9) and fastening the rails (9) to the garage carrier structure is done in the familiar way, as the inner strips (10) of the chains (1) are expanded to safe two-sided guiding on the rails (9). The rollers (2), strips (5), rollers (6) and rails (7 and 9) are hardened and ionized for higher surface strength.

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to an elevator garage for use in the construction of parking spaces, mainly in cities where construction areas, especially parking lots, are very limited.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the famous elevator garages with a tower structure, the swings with the cars parked in them are carried and moved by two chains, each of which is mounted on two chain wheels - upper and lower. The lower or upper sprockets drive both chains simultaneously by means of a gear motor and a gear. The other pair of sprockets guides the chains, with the upper sprockets carrying the load from the weight of the chains, the swings, the corresponding guide elements to them and the cars. The load is maximum at a full elevator garage.

The sprockets and gears attached to them are very large in size and weight and difficult to manufacture. In addition, the bearings of the upper sprockets must bear the weight of the chains, their components, the cages and the cars in them with a full elevator garage. The bearing load on each of the two upper sprocket wheels of an elevator garage for 12 cars with a full elevator garage is about 144,000 N. In elevator garages for a larger number of cars, the load is correspondingly higher. The high load leads to rapid bearing wear and requires good maintenance and frequent bearing changes, which is very complicated at the top of the elevator garage.

The load on the bearings of the upper sprockets is transmitted to the supporting structure of the tower of the elevator garage in a narrow area, which creates a concentration of stresses and a risk of fatigue of the material. It is necessary to strengthen the structure in this area. Repairs at the upper end of the elevator garage are very difficult, which is why constructive solutions must be used there, ensuring long-term operation without repairs.

There is a patent application with number BG 111945 A, with inventors Stefan Rusev and Elena Mincheva, in which the rollers of the hinged links of the elevator garage chains at lower drive roll in the upper end on hardened and ion-nitrided rails attached to semicircular structures, part from the tower of the elevator garage, and the inner slats of the chains are led laterally on the sides of the rails, due to their polygonal standing on the rails. The two upper sprockets and their bearing are saved, but the lower two sprockets, their bearing and the two large gears remain. In addition, when starting, the branches of the chains that are not loaded by the drive loosen, which leads to a wave and a risk of the chain popping out.

Technical essence of the invention

The objective of the invention is to create an elevator garage, providing easy fabrication and installation of the elements of the drive and guide structures of the elevator garage circuits, high reliability, long service life without repairs, and easy repair of these elements.

The problem was solved by creating an elevator garage with drive, carrying and guiding by auxiliary chains of the main chains of the garage at their upper end, to which chains are attached in a certain way the swings with parked cars. Auxiliary chains are driven by sprockets on a common shaft connected to and driven by a drive mechanism, and tensioning on both sides in their straight sections is performed by adjustable tensioning mechanisms of known design, on the hardened plates on which roll the rollers of the hinged links of auxiliary chain units.

The main chains of the elevator garage are driven, carried and guided at their upper end by the auxiliary chains in the same way as with the known sprockets, as the role of the sprockets of the sprockets is performed by appropriately shaped and located hardened and ion-nitrided outer plates of certain units of auxiliary chains. The hardened and ion-nitrided rollers of the articulated links of the main chains of the garage engage sequentially in the movement of the auxiliary chains, as is the case with the use of sprockets, in the shaped as

Descriptions of issued patents for inventions № 01.1 / 15.01.2020 sprockets on a sprocket cut-outs of these plates, where the main chains are driven and carried by the plates and through them by the auxiliary chains.

The lateral guidance of the main circuits takes place as their inner plates are guided laterally on the outer surfaces of the indicated outer plates of the auxiliary circuits.

The hardened and ion-nitrided rollers of the auxiliary chain hinges roll on arcuate, hardened and ion-nitrided rails, extended at their ends to the straight sections of the auxiliary chains, which are fixed in some way on fixed, suitably shaped, semicircular supporting elements. the supporting structure of the tower.

The inner plates of the auxiliary chains are guided on both sides of the hardened and ion-nitrided rails, on which the hardened and ion-nitrided rollers of the hinged connections of their units roll, the inner plates being widened in the middle so as to provide stable lateral guidance and against jumping of auxiliary chains from the rails.

Similarly, the hardened and ion-nitrided rollers of the hinge links of the main chains of the elevator garage at their lower end roll on hardened and ion-nitrided arched rails, fixed in a known manner on suitably shaped, semicircular supporting elements of the tower supporting structure. The semicircular supporting elements are movably attached, by means of known tensioning elements, to the supporting structure of the tower in order to ensure the tension of the main chains.

The inner plates of the main chains secure them bilaterally at their lower end on the rails, the plates being widened in the middle to secure the main chains against derailment.

The advantages of the elevator garage according to the invention consist in facilitated construction of the structures of the drive and guidance of the elevator garage circuits, their increased reliability and durability, easy installation and dismantling and easy repair, which lead to significant reduction of the elevator garage. This is achieved by driving and guiding the main chains at the upper end (which avoids the risk of loosening of the unloaded branch of the main chains at start-up) by auxiliary chains driven by relatively small sprockets on a common shaft connected to a drive shaft. mechanism, as the outer plates of certain units of the auxiliary chains completely imitate the geometry, location and dynamics of the chain wheels of the existing structures.

The auxiliary chains are guided by their numerous hardened and ion-nitrided rollers of the hinged connections on hardened and ion-nitrided rails, fixed to the arcuate fixed structures, part of the supporting structure of the elevator garage. The danger of lateral displacements and jumping off the rails is avoided by expanding the inner plates of these chains.

The chains of the elevator garage at their lower end are guided by the hardened and ion-nitrided rollers of the hinged links of the chains rolling on hardened and ion-nitrided rails attached to movable semicircular structures, which by means of tensioning elements connected in some way to the tower. the elevator garage, the chains of the elevator garage are stretched, as the danger of the chains jumping out of the rails is avoided by expanding the inner plates of the chains, which are guided bilaterally along the rails.

The auxiliary chains have the same dimensions as the main ones, except for the width, which is larger for the main chains, so that the auxiliary chain can fit in the width of the rollers of the main chains. The design of the auxiliary chains and their functions allow their strength characteristics to be increased in a wide range without significant change in the design, which is especially important in elevator garages for a large number of cars, vans, SUVs and vans.

The significantly larger number of links in the auxiliary chains compared to the number of links in the same length of the main chains allows to achieve a higher gear ratio of the chain drive and a low gear ratio of the drive system, which in turn leads to a simplified design without large gears are used. At the same time, the large number of rollers of the auxiliary circuits reduces several times the surface stresses in their contact surfaces with the rail.

Descriptions of issued patents for inventions № 01.1 / 15.01.2020

The use of four sprockets and two gears, each weighing more than 1700 kN, is avoided, as their manufacture, installation and repair and their bearings are extremely complex, replacing elements that are easy to manufacture and install. Contact surface stresses are greatly reduced and the life of the elements is increased by only repairing the main circuits when this is necessary after a long period of time.

The invention leads to a significantly simplified and lightweight construction, which is especially important due to the fact that the elevator garage can be disassembled and assembled in 2-3 days and be moved to another place where it is currently needed.

Explanation of the attached figures

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the elevator garage according to the invention, schematically showing the double-sided tension of the auxiliary chains;

Figure 2 is a front view of a portion of the structure providing upper drive and guidance of the elevator garage circuits;

Figure 3 is a section along AA of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a section along BB of Figure 2;

Figure 5 shows the guidance of the main circuits at their lower end.

Embodiments of the invention

The two circuits 1 / fig. 1, 2 and 5 / of the elevator garage the swings 22 / fig. 1 / is the parked cars, which are connected in a known way is the main circuits 1 and these elements are placed in the tower 21 / fig. 1 / of the elevator garage.

The main circuits 1 are driven, carried and guided at their upper end by the auxiliary circuits 3 / fig. 1 and 2 / by means of the hardened and ionically nitrided outer plates 5 / fig. 1, 2 and 4 /, of twice as long links as the other links of the auxiliary chains 3, the centers of which are at a distance from each other, along the dividing diameter of the main chains 1, equal to the pitch of the main chains 1, and the hinge rollers connections of the main chains engage sequentially during the movement of the auxiliary chains in the notches of these plates formed as interdental teeth on a chain wheel.

The auxiliary chains 3 are driven by the sprockets 4 / fig. 1 /, mounted on a common shaft connected to the drive mechanism 23 of the elevator garage.

The hardened and ion-nitrided rollers 2 / fig. 1,2, 4 and 5 / of the articulated links of the main chain links 1 are engaged in series in the notches of the plates 5 during the movement of the auxiliary chains 3, whereby the main chains 1 are driven in the same way as when using sprockets.

The plates 5 of the auxiliary chains 3 carry the main chains 1 by means of the rollers 2 and the load on the main chains 1 at their upper end is transferred by the rollers 2 on the plates 5 and hence on the hardened and ion-nitrided rollers 6 / fig. 1, 2 and 3 / of the hinged connections of the links of the auxiliary chains 3, which roll on semicircular, hardened and ionically nitrided surfaces of the rails 7 / fig. 1, 2 and 3 /, which are fastened in a known manner, for example by means of screws 17 (FIG. 3 /, to semicircular bearing elements 16 / fig. 1, 2 and 3 /, attached to the tower 21, the rails 7 being extended at their ends to the straight sections of the auxiliary circuits 3 (FIG. 1 /.

The plates 5 / fig. 2 / are thickened on the inside on both sides of the cutouts in order to obtain larger contact surfaces between the rollers 2 and the plates 5, and greater bending resistance - especially important in elevator garages for a larger number of cars.

The lateral guidance of the main circuits 1 takes place from the inner plates 10 / fig. 4 / of the main circuits 1 on surfaces 11 and 12 / fig. 4 / on the plates 5.

The bilateral guidance of the auxiliary circuits 3 on the rails 7 takes place from their inner plates 8 / fig. 3 /, which have extensions 15 in the middle / fig. 2 and 3 / for greater safety against jumping of the auxiliary circuits 3 from the rails 7.

The number of links in auxiliary circuits 3 is a multiple of an even number of units in the main circuits 1.

Descriptions of issued patents for inventions № 01.1 / 15.01.2020

The tensioning of the auxiliary circuits 3 is performed by two known elements 18, shown schematically in fig. 1, on the hardened spring plates on which the rollers 6 of the auxiliary chains 3 slide and roll. Two elements 18 are needed, since the movement of the auxiliary chains 3 as well as the movement of the main chains 1 is reversed in accordance with the control logic of the elevator garage.

At their lower end, the main circuits 1 are guided along the hardened and ionically nitrided semicircular surface of the rails 9 / fig. 5 /, on which the hardened and ion-nitrided rollers 2 of the main circuits 1 are rolled, and their bilateral guidance on the rails 9 is provided by the polygonal standing of their inner plates 10 / fig. 2, 4 and 5 / and the extensions 19 / fig. 5 / on the plates 10.

The rails 9 are attached to semicircular support elements 20 / fig. 5 / in a known manner, as the rails 7 are fastened to the supporting elements 16, the elements 20 being movable in a known manner to tension the chains 1.

The hinges of chains 1 and 3 are lubricated periodically to facilitate the rotation of their hinge elements. The lubrication channels and grease nipples can be seen in fig. 3.

Use of the invention

The entire load of the main circuits 1 at their upper end is transferred to the auxiliary circuits 3 by means of the outer plates 5, from there to the rollers 6 and from them to the rails 7.

As can be seen from fig. 2 more than 16 rollers of the links of the auxiliary circuits 3 with specially shaped outer plates 5 are in contact with the arc of the rails 7. Since the load of these rollers on the arc is evenly distributed when the load is bilateral and uniform / according to Spivakovsky /, each roller 6 of these units takes one-sixteenth of the load, which in an elevator garage for 12 cars and a full garage is 144025 N. With a contact area of 30 mm ² / 0.5 x 60 w / surface tension is 300 N / mm ² with allowable for hardened surfaces the Rockwell hardness is 60-64 at least 1800 N / mm ² , i.e. it is 6 times less than the allowable.

The surface stresses on the contact surfaces between the rollers 2 of the main circuits 1 and the outer plates 5 of the auxiliary circuits 3 at the moment of engagement are also low, as the two contact surfaces are a total of about 180 w / w ² , so the surface tension is 800 N / mm ² at a permissible voltage of 1800 N / mm ² , i.e. at least 2.25 times lower than permissible. These stresses occur when the respective outer plates 5 of the auxiliary circuit 3 engage the respective roller 2 of the main circuit 1 and drive the main circuit 1. This moment lasts for fractions of a second, after which the voltage at this pair / plate 5 and roller 2 / disappears and occurs in the next pair.

Since the outer plates 5 are of units is twice as long, half the distance between the hinges of these units / chord / is slightly less than the distance between the hinges of the other units / length of the units, step /, the rollers of which roll on a circumferential surface. However, this difference is less than 0.1 [mu] m, which is negligible compared to the pitch accuracy of the main chains 1 of the elevator garage, the accuracy of the interdental shape and the influence of the elastic deformations of the chains under the heavy load.

Frequent periodic lubrication of all moving parts of the elevator garage is a prerequisite for ensuring its reliable and long-term operation.

Claims (8)

Patent claims 1. An elevator garage comprising two main chains (1) housed in a garage tower (21) adapted to carry swings (22) is a car parked therein attached to the main chains (1) in a known manner, such as the hinged connections of the main chains (1) have rollers (2) and the main chains (1) are adapted to roll by means of their rollers (2) on rails, characterized in that the main chains (1) are carried and driven in its upper end from auxiliary chains (3) by means of outer plates (5) of certain of their units, the main chains (1) being adapted to engage their rollers (2) in series in the cut-outs of the outer plates (5) of the auxiliary chains ( 3), and rollers (6) of the articulated links of the auxiliary chains (3) are placed is possible to rub 3Ί Descriptions of patents issued for inventions № 01.1 / 15.01.2020 on rails (7) formed and fixed in a known manner to semicircular supporting elements (16) and thereby to the garage tower (21), except for their lower ends, extended to the straight sections of the auxiliary chains (3), which are driven by chain wheels (4) on a common shaft driven by a drive mechanism (23) of the garage, and at its lower end the main chains (1) are adapted to they roll on rails (9) shaped and attached to semicircular supporting elements (20) in a known manner, the semicircular supporting elements (20) being movably connected, in a known manner, to the garage tower (21). Elevator garage according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer plates (5) of the auxiliary chains (3) are twice as long as the other links of the auxiliary chains (3). Elevator garage according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of links of the auxiliary circuits (3) is a larger multiple of the number of units of the main circuits (1). Elevator garage according to Claim 1, characterized in that the main circuits (1) are adapted to be guided at their upper end by their inner plates (10) on the outer side surfaces (11, 12) of the outer plates (5). of auxiliary chains (3). Elevator garage according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary chains (3) are stretched on both sides in their straight sections by adjustable tension mechanisms (18), on the hardened plates of which the rollers are adapted to roll. ) of the auxiliary chains (3). Elevator garage according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral guidance of the auxiliary circuits (3) on rails (7) is additionally provided by the extended middle part of their inner plates (8). Elevator garage according to claim 1, characterized in that the guidance of the chains (1) at their lower end along the rails (9) on both sides is additionally provided by the extended middle part of their inner plates (10). Elevator garage according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers (2) of the main chains (1), the rollers (6) and the plates (5) of the auxiliary chains (3) and the rails (7 and 9) are hardened and ionically nitrided.