BG65303B1 - Mini-maxi articulator - Google Patents

Abstract

The mini-maxi articulator is used in dentistry and dental engineering in the reproduction of the positions and movements of the lower jaw towards the upper one outside the patientÆs month. The distance between the mobile-connected parts of each part of the articulator is changeable in the three basic planes of the dental arrangement: sagittal, frontal and horizontal. The individual parts of the articulator are bodies (2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13), base (1), joint condyloma (7), joint pits (9), operating platforms (3, 4, 14) and pins (10, 15). They have initially been collected in a mini-position, and by means of mobile connections (16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21) are able to be set apart to a maxi-position, being kept stable by means of the fixing screws (22).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to an articulator made as a mechanical device made up of models of both human jaws, which is used in dentistry and dental technology in reproducing the positions and movements of the lower jaw relative to the upper jaw outside the mouth of the patient.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various types of articulator devices are known which, according to the motions performed by their two mechanical joints, are divided into non-adjustable articulators of average values and partially or fully adjustable articulators of individual values (1). Articulators with two mechanical joints, whether infallible or adjustable, have a common construction principle according to which the mechanical joint axis is permanently fixed in the articulator with a constant projection in the sagittal plane and gypsum working models are mounted thereon in the articulator. These articulators consist of two mechanical warts and the adjacent joint pits that reproduce the two human mandibular joints and are permanently present in the non-adjustable medium-sized articulators and in most partially and fully adjustable articulators with individual values.

A full value individual articulator is that of Nagata (2,3), which fully reproduces the mandibular movements, especially the chewing movement of the living person, by adjusting the occlusion, by regulating the condyle spheres and the condyle boxes (joint pits) and includes; part of the mandibular model; base rising to the part of the mandibular model; two condyle spheres projecting from the base; a part for the maxillary model that accords with the mandibular model; cantilever boxes connected to both sides of the mandibular part, which serve to regulate forward / backward, left / right and vertical movement of the maxillary model when contacting the two cadaveric spheres with the cadaveric boxes. At the base of the cantilever boxes is a Bennet lifting mechanism that raises the mandibular part of the mandibular side when the mandibular part moves in the left / right direction, regardless of the crankcase of the working side. With the cited articulator (2,3), the intercondylar distance is variable between the two condyle spheres and the adjacent condyle boxes and may be extended or shortened according to the length of the intercondylar distance of the patient, and this is visible in the horizontal and frontal plane, but at lateral view The intercondylar distance of the two condyle spheres is always projected at the same location in the sagittal plane. The upper working model is connected to the upper part of the cited articulator (2,3) by means of a front arch so that the model can be positioned in a different place in the free space between the upper and lower articulator depending on the different shape and size. of the patient's jawbone.

The method of working with articulators similar to the quoted articulator (2,3) and facial arch is as follows (1).

The location of the human mandibular joint axis is determined on the face of the patient, after which a print is taken from the upper jaw with a special spoon. A face arch is mounted on the spoon handle. The facial arch determines the exact location of the human upper jaw relative to the mandibular joint axis. The facial arch, together with the spoon and the imprint, is carried and fixed in the articulator so that the human mandibular joint axis coincides with the mechanical joint axis of the articulator. The upper jawbone of the patient, which is pre-made of gypsum, is inserted into the footprint and positioned between the upper and lower arm of the articulator through the front arch, and then fixed to the upper part of the articulator. The mandibular model is compared in cent

65303 Bl in position with the maxillary model and fixed to the lower part of the articulator. In this way, the models of the two jaws are positioned relative to the mechanical joint axis at different places in the free space between the upper and lower parts of a fully adjustable articulator with individual human values.

In the articulator (2,3) cited, depending on the shape and size of the human jaws and the distance of the upper teeth with respect to the mandibular joint axis, the maxillary model is positioned at different places between the upper and lower parts of the articulator and with a different inclination of the occlusal plane relative to the horizontal plane, which may lead to inaccuracies in the occlusal articulation of the prosthetic structures.

Technical nature and advantages

It is an object of the invention to provide an articulator in which the lower working model is connected to the lower part of the articulator in a central and convenient place. The locations of the two movably connected mechanical joints and the adjacent two mechanical joints in the three-dimensional space in the horizontal, frontal and sagittal plane, corresponding to the locations of the two mandibular patients with or without the lower teeth, are determined by reference to the lower working model. jaw in the oral cavity. The upper working model, when compared to the central position with the lower working model, must be connected to the upper part of the articulator whose individual parts are movably connected. The two mechanical joint pits are in contact with the two mechanical joints in the two mechanical joints of the articulator. The individual parts at the bottom and top of the articulator are movably connected in the horizontal, frontal and sagittal plane. At the lower part of the articulator, the movable links are as follows: a lower longitudinal link through which the lower work platform is movably connected at the base of the lower part of the articulator; a lower-posterior vertical connection through which the two mechanical joints and both my joints are movably connected vertically behind the base; a lower transverse link through which the two mechanical joints are movably connected to the lower transverse body of the articulator.

At the top of the articulator, the movable joints are arranged as follows: an upper transverse link through which the two mechanical joint pits are movably connected to the upper transverse body and are in contact with the two mechanical joints; an upper longitudinal connection which is located medially to the upper transverse body and through which the upper - posterior vertical body is movably connected to the upper sagittal body; an upper-front vertical connection through which the upper sagittal body is movably and vertically connected to an upper work site with an incisor pin.

The advantages of the mini-maxi articulator are that it is initially of the smallest size, with the lower and upper working models connected to the lower and upper parts of the articulator in a central and convenient place so that the occlusal plane is parallel to the horizontal plane of the the working mass, as in the non-inflated means with average values, EU 0 594 481 A2 (4); fully adjusting individual human values, the articulator can evolve from the smallest to the largest, until a fully three-dimensional alignment is achieved in the horizontal, vertical, and sagittal plane at the locations of the two mechanical joints, relative to the fixed, mandibular model in the articulation. , with the locations of the two human mandibular joints, relative to the tooth or teeth with the mandible in the oral cavity, with the two working models fixed at their original locations and with respect to them and the changed locations of the two mechanical joint condyles both mechanical joint wells. This creates conditions for identical individual reproduction in the articulator of the positions and movements of the lower relative to the upper jaw of the patient.

Description of the attached figures

Figure 1 shows a side view of a minimum size articulator;

65303 Bl of Figure 2 is a side view of the articulator of FIG. 1, which from a minimum size can be evolved to a maximum size according to the individual shape and size of the patient's lower jaw;

3 is a rear view of an articulator of minimum size according to FIG. 1;

4 is a rear view of the articulator according to FIG. 1 and 3, which from minimal sizes can be evolved to maximum sizes according to the individual shape and size of the patient's lower jaw.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention

The articulator of FIG. 1 includes a base 1 in which a lower sagittal body 2 is movably connected, to which a lower work platform 3 is fixed, which is fixed at the front to the incisal platform 4. The base 1 at the rear is fixedly connected to the lower-rear vertical body 5, which in the middle is movably connected to the lower transverse body 6, which is bounded by two staples 7, one at the left and right ends. The two saplings 7 are in contact with two mechanical joint pits 9 which are interconnected movably with the upper transverse body 8. The upper transverse body 8 in the middle is fixedly connected to the upper-posterior vertical body 11, which is forward movably connected to the upper sagittal body 12. The upper sagittal body 12 in the front is fixedly fixed to the upper-front vertical body 13, which is movably connected to the upper work platform 14. On the upper work platform 14 in front is a bed for a vertical incisor pin 15 whose rounded tip is centered in the center of excise BHA playground 4. All articulated bodies are still blocked by fixing screws 22.

According to FIG. 2 is a side view of an articulator that has evolved from the smallest to the largest size, as shown in FIG. 1, with a dashed line, a lower longitudinal link 20 is drawn, which is located at the base 1, through which the lower sagittal body 2 and the lower lower working platform 3 and the incisal platform 4 are movably connected to the base 1 of the lower articulator. . Two dense lines show a lower-rear vertical connection 21 through which a lower transverse body 6 is movably connected to two mechanical joints 7. Two dense lines give an upper longitudinal connection 18 through which the upper sagittal body 12 is movably connected to two mechanical joint holes 9. With two dense lines, an upper vertical connection 19 is provided, through which the upper work platform 14 is movably connected to the upper sagittal body 12. The point that the upper work model is properly connected to the upper work platform 14 is that the tip of vertical incisors Item 15 must be located in INCISOR platform 4.

Figure 3 shows a rear view of a minimum size articulator given in FIG. 1. At the bottom is the base 1, which at the rear is fixedly connected to the lower-rear vertical body 5, in front of which the lateral edges of the lower sagittal body are designed 2. At its upper end, the lower-rear vertical body 5 is movably connected to the middle a portion of the lower transverse body 6 which ends with two mechanical joints 7, one at the left and right ends. The two mechanical joints 7 are in contact with the two mechanical joints 9, which are interconnected interchangeably with the upper transverse body 8. The two mechanical joints 9 are fixedly locked to the two mechanical joints 7 or are unlocked by two transverse locking pins 10 Between the lower transverse body 6 and the upper transverse body 8 is a visible portion of a vertical incisor pin

15. The upper transverse body 8 in the middle is fixedly connected to the upper-rear vertical body 11. On both sides of the upper-rear vertical body lies a visible upper work platform 14. Above-rear vertical body 11 is a visible upper-front vertical body 13 , and above it is visible part of the upper-front vertical connection 19. The movably connected bodies are locked fixedly by the locking screws 22.

In FIG. 4 is a rear view of an articulator that has evolved from the smallest to the largest size, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3. Two dense lines are given two

65303 Bl of the lower-rear vertical connection 21, through which the lower transverse body 6 is movably connected to two mechanical joints 7. Two dense lines give a double lower transverse connection 16 to which the lower transverse body 6 is movably connected to the two mechanical joints 7. Two dense lines give an upper transverse connection 17 to which the upper transverse body 8 is movably connected with two mechanical joint pins 9. All locking screws 22 must finally be tightened.

Method of working with mini-maxi articulator

The working models of the upper and lower jaw are made of gypsum and are compared in a central position in known ways. The mandibular working model must be centered and mounted on the lower work platform 3 in a centrally and conveniently positioned position such that the midline of the model coincides with the midline of the mini-maxi articulator and the chewing plane is parallel to the horizontal table top. the work table. Then the maxillary working model, which is aligned in a central position with respect to the mandibular model, must be fixed to the upper work platform 14. In this form, the articulator is compact, of the smallest possible size, in the mini position. It is possible to design all the laboratory stages, which do not require programming of the two mechanical joints of the articulator with individual human values. The programming of the articulator with individual human values requires the taking of certain maxillofacial dimensions and proportions of the patient, using a facial arch and intraoral recording spoons. The imprint taken with the lower intraoral recording spoon, together with the facial arch, must be affixed to the lower working model, which is pre-fixed in the articulator. The mandibular model, together with the lower work platform, through the lower longitudinal connection 20, and the lower-rear vertical connection 21, as well as the two mechanical joints 7, through the lower transverse connection 16, must be adjusted in space through the front arc so that they are located in a three-dimensional space, with each other identical to the ratio of the two human mandibular joints, with respect to the lower teeth or toothless jaw in the three main planes of the tooth: sagittal, frontal and horizontal. The two mechanical joint pins 9, which are movably connected at the top of the articulator, through the upper transverse connection 17 are in contact with the two mechanical joint pins 7, and finally the two transverse fixing pins 10 and the fixing screws 22 must be tightened. The upper sagittal body 12, which is movably connected by an upper longitudinal connection 18, must be arranged so that the upper work platform 14 is centered with respect to the lower work platform 3 by a special device. The maxillary working model through the upper vertical connection 19 should be positioned in the same central position relative to the mandibular model as it was when the articulator was in the mini position. The vertical incisor pin 15 must be positioned so that it is supported in the center of the incisor pad 4. Finally, all fixing screws 22 must be checked for tightness.

In this way, all the parts are connected so that the articulator is initially assembled in smaller (mini) sizes and, when readings, it can be evolved through movable connections to larger (maxi) sizes, which position can be stabilized , by means of the fixing screws 22, the method being in relation to the fixed fixed mandibular model in the articulator, it is necessary to determine and fix the locations of the two mechanical joints 7 which are in contact with the two mechanical joint holes 9 and which correspond to the locations of the the two human mandibular joints and pits, relative to the lower teeth or toothless jaw in the oral cavity. This creates the necessary preconditions for accurate reproduction in the mini-maxi articulator of the positions and movements of the lower relative to the upper jaw of the patient.

In the attached figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the individual parts indicated by Arabic numerals mean:

65303 Bl

1. Basis

2. Lower sagittal body

3. Lower work platform

4. Incisive site

5. Bottom-rear vertical body

6. Lower transverse body

7. Two mechanical joints

8. Upper transverse body

9. Two mechanical joint pits

10. Two transverse locking pins

11. Upper-rear vertical body

12. Upper sagittal body

13. Upper-front vertical body

14. Upper work platform

15. Vertical incisor pin

16. Lower cross link

17. Upper cross link

18. Upper longitudinal connection

19. Upper-front vertical connection

20. Lower longitudinal connection

21. Bottom-rear vertical connection

22. Locking screws

Claims (2)

Claims 1. Mini-maxi articulator, consisting of a lower and upper part, which are movably connected to two mechanical joints, the lower part consisting of a base (1), a lower sagittal body (2) with a lower work platform (3), the midline of which the mandibular model is located centrally and conveniently at the workplace, in which the incisal pad (4) is located at the front of the base (1) and of the lower model, and the base (1) is fixedly connected to the bottom-back behind the model a vertical body (5) which is connected in the middle by a lower transverse body (6), to which at its two ends are mounted two mechanical joints (7), between which the horizontal distance is of variable length, and to the two mechanical joints (7) is applied and fixed by two transverse fixing pins (10) an upper part, which consists of two mechanical joint holes (9), which are fully adjustable to individual human values, between which the horizontal distance is variable, the two mechanical joint pits (9) being connected to each other by an upper transverse body (8), which in the middle is fixedly fixed to the upper rear vertical body (11), which o is connected to the upper sagittal body (12), which is fixedly fixed to the upper-front vertical body (13), which is connected to an upper work platform (14) to which a vertical incisor pin (15), characterized by that the lower sagittal body (2) is movably connected at the base (1), the distance between them being variable, the lower back rear body (5) being movably connected to the lower transverse body (6), and between them the distance being variable, the upper-rear vertical body (11) is movably connected to the upper sagittal body (12) and the distance between them is varied The upper-front vertical body (13) is movably connected to the upper work platform (14) and the distance is variable between them. Mini-maxi articulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the two mechanical shafts (7) and the two mechanical joint pits (9) are in contact with each other in two mechanical joints, in the three basic planes - sagittal, frontal and three-dimensional horizontal space, by means of movable connections, as follows: a lower longitudinal connection (20) through which the lower work platform (3) is movably connected at the base (1) of the lower part of the articulator; a lower-rear vertical connection (21) through which the two mechanical joints (7) and the two mechanical joints (9) are movably vertically behind the base (1); a lower transverse link (16) through which the two mechanical joints (7) are movably connected to the lower transverse body (16) of the articulator, the movable links being positioned at the top of the articulator as follows: which two mechanical joint pits (9) are movably connected to the upper transverse body (8) and are in contact with the two mechanical joint pins (7); an upper longitudinal link (18) which is located medially to the upper transverse body (8) and through which the upper-posterior vertical body (11) is movably connected to the upper sagittal body (12); an upper-front vertical connection (19) through which the upper sagittal body (12) is movably and vertically connected to 65303 Bl upper work platform (14) with incisor pin (15).