BG62223B1 - Direct converter of nuclear into electric energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The direct converter is used basically for the supply ofmobile structures such as robots, motor-cars, locomotives,aircraft, vessels and others. It improves the efficiency in makinguse of raioactive wastes for electricity generation. By theconverter the Compton effect for reducing the radiation energy ofthe radioactive wastes fitted in the capsule, radiation passingacross a sufficiently thick metal wall of the casette after whichit is converteed in electricity by the printed circuit boardphotodiodes.1 claim, 1 figure

Description

Technical field

The direct nuclear to electrical converter is designed to work with radioactive materials for direct conversion to electricity and will find application in the power supply of various mobile and stationary systems such as robots, automobiles, aircraft, seagoing vessels, locomotives, agricultural machinery and more.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A patent DE 2802089 (1) is disclosed, which describes an invention consisting of a radioactive source around which has a "leak matrix" of compounds such as polymethyl methachloride, silicone or polyvinyl chloride to reduce the radiation energy of the radioactive source, but nothing is indicated more, for example, the degree of energy reduction on which the effective operation of the photoconverters located around it in the form of a ball depends, which is a rather inconvenient design. Also, the number of photoconverters is not specified.

There is no mention of radiation protection. In the exemplary embodiment, very low power output is indicated which cannot be used for practical purposes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide an effective method for the use of radioactive waste by means of a direct nuclear energy to electrical converter consisting of one capsule of alloy XI 8H9,304, or 22K, in which about 55 g of radioactive waste is placed, which in its turn, it is housed in a cassette consisting of a 600 mm long cube made of iron, around which are arranged 35 layers of photoconverter boards connected to the cassette by studs closed with a housing.

The operation of the direct nuclear-to-electrical converter is based on the Compton effect and other nuclear reactions (lit. 3, 13), which causes the high energy of radioactive waste (500-1000 KeV) (lit. 2) to pass through. through the cartridge it decreases to about 5 eV, which can be absorbed by photoconverters, because the number of photons is increased about 60,000 times. The photons exiting the cassette fall on the photoconverters, which convert the radiant 10 energy into electrical energy.

The advantages of a direct nuclear-to-electrical converter are that it first emits high-energy particles due to the large thickness of the 15 cartridges; second - it is a feasible construction and third, it can draw power of about 300,000 W / h.

Description of the attached figures

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the direct transducer of nuclear energy to electrical, with the following items explained: 1. radioactive material; 2. a cap 25 sludge into which the radioactive material (1) is placed; 3. a cartridge in which the capsule (2) is mounted; 4. PCBs;

5. cartridge legs; 6. technological opening of the cartridge for mounting the capsule (2); 7. external housing.

Description of the calculations

1. The calculation (according to lit. source 35 1) is to calculate the activity of Cesium-137 (137 Cs) over a 10-year period by the known formula (lit. source 4):

(lit. source 1) AKTIWNOST1 = A O x exp (- 1n 2 x t / T 1/2), in which t = 10, T 1/40 2 = 30, A O - the initial activity (t = 0);

2. Calculation (Lit. 2) is a calculation of the radiated power by the formula:

(REFERENCES 2) BRIDGE = AKTIW45 NOST1 x k x E, in which k is the coefficient for the transition from eV to W and E is the gamma energy of the quantum in eV;

3. Calculation (ref. 3) is the calculation of the linear weight loss MFe by the formula:

(ref. 3) I = 10 x exp (- MFe x LFe) in which I is the output intensity; 10 is the initial intensity; MFe is the linear weight loss factor, and LFe is the capsule and cartridge thickness.

4. Calculation (lit. source 4) is a calculation of the required thickness LFe for output activity 100 = 10 eV, the data taken from (lit. source 2) and the formula from (lit. source 3).

5. Calculation (lit. source 5) is the calculation of the required mass of metal - massaFe, with a thickness obtained from the calculation according to lit. source 4.

6. Calculation (Lit. 6) is a calculation of the area of the photodiodes, with the thickness of the PCB and the photodiode being taken as 10 mm and the number of layers being 35 with an initial edge length of 600 mm.

7. Calculation (ref. 7) is the calculation of the power received by all photodiodes, assuming a power of 1 cm ² 0.25 W.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention

The exemplary embodiment can be realized on the basis of 137 Cs, [as one of the predominant components in the radioactive waste from the NPP (lit. 4.5)], 55 g (calculation 1 according to the invention), of which (position 1 in FIG. .1) they are placed in a capsule 2 made of one of the alloys X18H9,304 or 22k and placed in the cassette 3 through the technological opening 6. The total thickness of the cassette 3 and the capsule 2 is calculated according to lit. 2 and 3 and calculation 4 according to the invention is about 297 mm for iron and weighs about 1654204 g - calculation 5 according to the invention.

The photoconverter boards 4 are sequentially mounted layer by layer and secured with cartridge studs. The type of photoconverters can be 2f1202 - Bulgarian production (lit. item 11) or other similar type (item # 12), which are mounted on the circuit boards and are closed with the outer housing 7.

The diodes 2f1202 are connected in parallel and 10 is connected to a voltage of about 20 V.

The resulting power for 35 layers of boards with an area of 1320660 cm ² - calculation 6, may be about 300000 Wh - calculation 7 according to the invention.

Industrial production can be organized in conjunction with a waste fuel treatment plant from the NPP, where the radioactive waste is placed in capsules, which are then mounted in the cartridges.

Claims (1)

Claims Direct converter of nuclear energy into electrical, consisting of a capsule (2) 25 with radioactive material (1) placed in a cassette (3) around which layers of circuit boards (4) are enclosed, enclosed in a housing (7) characterized by that 55 g of radioactive material (1) is placed in capsule (2) and the cartridge (3) is made of iron and has a cubic shape, the total thickness of the walls of the capsule (2) and the cartridge (3) being 297 mm and around them are arranged 35 layers of photoconverter boards (4).