BG4169U1 - Paving slab made of polymer concrete comprising waste plastic material - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a paving slab constructed from compressed polymer concrete comprising waste plastic material and is a moulded block constructed from the polymer concrete, which is a homogeneous mixture in weight. % from 20- 80 wt. % of one or more of waste glass material and fine sand, 2,5 - 5 wt. % of oxide paint for colouring concrete, lime, cement, plaster, concrete slabs, gypsum, resins, latex, other building mortars and jointing compounds, plastic, silicone and 17,5 - 75 wt. % of waste high pressure polyethylene. In a given embodiment, the paving slab, according to the utility model, may comprise one or more of UV protection components, stabilizer, phosphorescent paint. The tolerance of the presence of polluting particles in the paving slab production process and in the paving slab itself, constructed from polymer concrete, according to the utility model, is above 15 %, which solves existing problems of environmental, economic and last but not least energy nature.

Description

(54) SIDEWALK CONSTRUCTED OF PRESSED POLYMERCONCRETE INCLUDING WASTE PLASTIC MATERIAL

Field of technology

The present utility model refers to a pavement tile comprising waste plastic material or glass, in particular the utility model tile is made of pressed polymer concrete. Thus, the present utility model belongs to the field of prefabricated single block pavements made of blocks including concrete and in particular polymer concrete.

Technical essence of the utility model

The pavement tile, made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic and glass according to the utility model is designed for both dry installation - in this case on a sand base and laying tiles, which is the most common technology for paving and gluing. with paving adhesive or other polyurethane adhesive. The production of polymer concrete for paving slabs, made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic and / or glass, according to the utility model takes place in several successive stages. For this purpose, it is possible to use most types of plastic and nylon waste materials as raw materials, such as low pressure polyethylene, high pressure polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and other types of technical plastics.

In the first stage, grinding is carried out, in which the plastic waste material, for example nylon waste, which is low-pressure polyethylene, undergoes an agglomeration process. This process of grinding and angle-measuring is performed by a machine called an angle-meter, which is a rotating drum placed in a static cylinder. The plastic waste material enters between the rotating and the static cylinder, thus causing friction and the waste plastic material acquires the appearance of slightly melted rods. If another type of waste plastic material is used, the grinding process can be carried out by means of a shredder, which is two rotating shafts with teeth that break the plastic particles into a fraction with a volume of 5 mm. The choice of the device with which the grinding will be carried out is completely within the knowledge of any person with ordinary knowledge in the field of processing and recycling of polymeric materials. After the grinding step, a mixing step is performed. To the resulting fraction of slightly melted rods is added powder coloring, in some cases oxide paint and fine sand, which can optionally be partially or completely replaced by broken waste glass, which may be automotive or straight glass from windows or other household glass waste items. The fraction of fine sand and / or waste glass can vary in different proportions from 20 to 80 wt. %, preferably from 40-70 wt. %, depending on the desired characteristics to be provided by the final product, which is the paving slab made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic according to the utility model. When the percentage of waste glass is increased, this leads to greater wear resistance of the final paving slab at the expense of its mass and fragility. In a third step, after homogeneous mixing of the components, a melting process is carried out, in which the homogeneous mixture thus obtained from the previous step is placed in an extruder. The extruder is a horizontal cylinder with a length of 4 m, and it has a blade auger, which is driven by an electric motor. The cylinder is heated by reotans located on it, each of which has the ability to set a different temperature depending on the waste plastic mass. It should be noted here that extrusion melting is chosen for waste polymeric materials, such as packaging or composite plastics, which do not suggest the possibility of applying another recycling process due to their nature. Of course, the choice of melting agent is entirely within the capabilities of a person with ordinary knowledge and skills in recycling and recycling of plastics, who is certainly familiar with the possible melting techniques and their applicability to different plastics. At the outlet of the auger, when an extruder is applied, a homogeneous, colored dough-like mixture is obtained, which is subsequently pressed. Here the dough-like mixture is placed by means of heat-insulating gloves in a hundred-ton hydraulic press. A die with the desired shape of the final product is mounted on the press, which is a paving slab made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic, according to the utility model. The applied dough mixture, which is the final product of the previous step, is pressed at the end of the pressing step. For the required cooling time, the temperature is lowered by means of a coolant circulating through the matrix. After cooling, the matrix is opened and by means of hydraulic ejectors placed in the lower part of the matrix, the finished paving slab made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic, according to the utility model, is pushed out of the mold, where it is placed together with other maturing tiles. and subsequent cooling by atmospheric air. The temperature of the pavement slab, made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic according to the utility model, at the exit of the matrix is about 80 ° C. In case of defects on the final paving slab made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic, according to the utility model, it is crushed and re-introduced into the extruder, thus avoiding the generation of waste or waste from production.

In general, the paving slab made of pressed polymer concrete comprising waste plastic material according to the utility model is a molded block made of pressed polymer concrete, representing a homogeneous mixture in weight. % of 20-80 wt. % one or more of waste glass material and fine sand, 2.5-5 wt. % oxide paint for coloring concrete, lime, cement, plasters, concrete slabs, gypsum, resins, latex, other mortars and grouts, plastic, silicone and 17.5 - 75 wt. % high pressure polyethylene waste.

In one case, according to the final purpose and the required characteristics of a paving slab made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic according to the utility model, in the stage of mixing the obtained fraction of slightly melted sticks, powder colorant and fine sand, which may be partially or Completely replaced by broken waste glass, UV protection components, stabilizers, phosphorescent paints can be added, which make the products attractive and applicable in many areas of the urban environment. Additional components, when present, are a mixture of the amount of dye used.

Examples

Exemplary embodiment 1

In one embodiment of the paving slab made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic according to the utility model, applying the method described above with the stages of grinding, mixing, melting and pressing is built as a result of the inclusion of:

weight % waste glass material,

2.5 wt. % oxide paint for coloring concrete, lime, cement, plaster, concrete slabs, gypsum, resins, latex, other mortars and grouts, paint, paper, fertilizers, feed, plastic, PVC, silicone,

27.5 wt. % high pressure polyethylene waste

In 10 kg of finished product paving slab contains 7 kg of glass mass, 250 g of oxide paint and 2.75 kg of polymeric material from waste high-pressure polyethylene.

Exemplary implementation 2

In another exemplary embodiment of the paving slab made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic according to the utility model, applying the method described above with the stages of grinding, mixing, melting and pressing is built as a result of the inclusion of:

weight % waste glass material, wt. % fine sand,

2.5 wt. % oxide paint for coloring concrete, lime, cement, plaster, concrete slabs, gypsum, resins, latex, other mortars and grouts, paint, paper, fertilizers, feed, plastic, PVC, silicone,

27.5 wt. % low pressure polyethylene waste

In 10 kg of finished product paving slabs contain 5 kg of glass mass, 2 kg of fine sand, 250 g of oxide paint and 2.75 kg of polymeric material from waste high-pressure polyethylene.

The advantage of paving slabs made of extruded polymer concrete, including waste plastic according to the utility model and the technology used to produce it, is that unlike ordinary recycling, where the plastic must be pre-washed, separated by flotation (a process in which the relative weight is separated as the heavier particles sink and the lighter ones float), dried and granulated, these stages are avoided here and it turned out to be surprising that the contamination of the waste plastic material in no way has a detrimental effect on the parameters, to which the finished product should correspond, including on aging and wear resistance and tensile and impact strength. Thus, it was surprisingly found that the acceptability of other particles in the process of production of paving slabs made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic according to the utility model, is high (over 15%). It has been found that any particles, such as organic, or dried food and detergents, oil products, which are the most common problems in plastic packaging, contaminated nylons and soil hoses - previously used, for example, in agriculture , they are sealed in a paving slab made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic according to the utility model. This, in turn, clearly shows that paving slabs made of pressed polymer concrete, including waste plastic according to the utility model is particularly high environmental value, as it makes it possible to utilize contaminated materials with minimal use of resources that have no market value in a functioning economy. , on the contrary, are deposited or incinerated.

Claims (1)

Pavement slab made of pressed polymer concrete, comprising waste plastic, characterized in that it is a molded block made of pressed polymer concrete, representing a homogeneous mixture in weight. % of: 20 - 80 wt. % one or more of waste glass material and fine sand, 2.5 - 5 wt. % oxide paint for coloring concrete, lime, cement, plasters, concrete slabs, gypsum, resins, latex, other mortars and grouts, plastic, silicone and 17.5 - 75 wt. % high pressure polyethylene waste