BG4111U1 - Concrete mixture composition - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model relates to the composition of concrete mixtures, which will find application in construction and in particular in building construction in the production of engineering structures, foundations, concrete elements for massive buildings, of fencing elements, of curbs, slab stones, paving slabs, of concrete pavements and roads and others. The created composition of concrete mixtures includes cement, crushed-stone aggregates and water. According to the utility model, the composition includes sand and fayalite. The components of the composition are in the following weight percentages: cement in the range from 9.50 to 20.90 wt. %; sand in the range from 11.2 to 15.50 wt. %; fayalite in the range from 15.40 to 19.20 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm in the range from 16.20 to 19.20 by wt. %; crushed stone from 12.5 to 20 mm in the range from 25.20 to 28.40 by wt. %; water in the range from 8.00 to 10.00 wt. %. Many specific embodiments of the concrete mixture are possible.

Description

(54) COMPOSITION HA CONCRETE MIXTURES

Field of technique

The present utility model relates to a composition of concrete mixtures which will find application in construction and in particular in building construction in the production of engineering facilities, foundations, concrete elements for massive buildings, of fence elements, of curbs, slabs, pavers, of pavements and roads and others.

BG4111 UI

Prior art

Concrete mixes are a mix of dense mass that is obtained by mixing in a precise ratio basic components such as cement, water and crushed stone in different fractions. Depending on the purpose of the concrete mixtures, there are special requirements for each of its components - such as quantity, size, shape, purity, composition, properties. Non-compliance with the requirements leads to the impossibility of the concrete to fulfill its assigned tasks, which is why in some cases chemical and/or mineral additives are added, which give it additional properties or strengthen the existing ones. To improve the qualities of the concrete mix and hardened concrete, plasticizers, antifreeze additives and other chemical additives are used.

From registered utility model No. 1309 U1, a multi-layer road pavement composition is known, which includes a lower waterproofing layer, on top of which an intermediate filling layer is placed, covered by an upper layer of asphalt or concrete. The intermediate filling layer includes the following components in the respective weight percentages: cement 60-70 wt. %; water 20-30 wt. %; sand 8-30 wt. % and surfactants 0.52 wt. %. An intermediate separating layer is applied on the intermediate filling layer, the components of which are: cement 20-30 wt. %; fractions, such as sand and gravel of various sizes 50-60 wt. %; water 10-25 wt. %; additives 1-5 wt. % and dispersed reinforcement 5-15 wt. %.

The well-known utility model is primarily intended for the repair of roads damaged by erosion, and all stages require specialized equipment and qualified personnel.

From the registered utility model No. 2668 U1 is known a composite concrete mixture for products of various types of concrete, which includes the following components in the corresponding weight percentages: cement 15 wt. %; crushed stone dust particles 0/0.063 mm 2.8 wt. %; sand 0/4 mm 43.11 wt. %; gravel 4/12.5 mm 33 wt. %; water 6 wt. %; chemical additive 0.09 wt. %.

Technical nature of the utility model

The task of the useful model is to create a composition of concrete mixes that are qualitative and economically profitable, in the production of which ecological components are included, ensuring an increase in the mechanical properties, strength, as well as load-bearing capacity of the concrete coatings.

The task was solved by creating a composition of concrete mixtures, including cement, fractions of crushed stone and water.

According to the utility model, the composition also includes sand and faelite. The composition components are in the following percentages by weight: cement ranging from 9.50 to 20.90 wt. %; sand ranging from 11.2 to 15.50 wt. %;

BG4111 UI faelite ranging from 15.40 to 19.20 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm in the range of 16.20 to 19.20 wt. %; crushed stone from 12.5 to 20 mm in the range of 25.20 to 28.40 wt. %; water in the range of 8.00 to 10.00 wt. %.

In one exemplary embodiment, the components of the concrete mix composition are in the following weight percentages: cement is 9.98 wt. %; sand is 15.38 wt. %; faelite is 19.12 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm is 19.12 wt. %: crushed stone from 12.5 to 20 mm is 28.25 wt. %; water is 8.15 wt. %.

In a second exemplary embodiment, the composition components are in the following weight percentages: cement is 11.20 wt. %; sand is 15.36 wt. %; faelite is 18.67 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm is 18.67 wt. %; 12.5 to 20 mm crushed stone is 27.80 wt. %; water is 8.30 wt. %.

In a third exemplary embodiment, the composition components are in the following weight percentages: cement is 12.45 wt. %; sand is 14.94 wt. %; faelite is 18.67 wt. %; 4 to 11.2 mm crushed stone is 17.84 wt. %; crushed stone from 12.5 to 20 mm is 27.80 wt. %; water is 8.30 wt. %.

In another exemplary embodiment, the composition components are in the following weight percentages: cement is 13.64 wt. %; sand is 14.88 wt. %; faelite is 18.18 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm is 17.77 wt. %; crushed stone from 12.5 to 20 mm is 27.27 wt. %; water is 8.26 wt. %.

In a fifth exemplary embodiment, the composition components are in the following weight percentages: cement is 15.44 wt. %; sand is 14.20 wt. %; faelite is 17.54 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm is 17.12 wt. %; 12.5 to 20 mm crushed stone is 26.72 wt. %; water is 8.98 wt.%.

In a sixth exemplary embodiment, the composition components are in the following weight percentages: cement is 16.74 wt. %; sand is 13.81 wt. %; faelite is 17.15 wt. %; 4 to 11.2 mm crushed stone is 16.74 wt. %; crushed stone from 12.5 to 20 mm is 26.36 wt. %; water is 9.20 wt. %.

In a seventh alternative embodiment, the components of the composition are in the following percentages by weight: cement is 20.50 wt. %; the sand is 11.30 wt. %; faelite is 15.48 wt. %; 4 to 11.2 mm crushed stone is 17.57 wt. %; crushed stone from 12.5 to 20 mm is 25.52 wt. %; water is 9.63 wt. %.

An advantage of the useful model is that a composition of concrete mixes has been created in several variants, which concrete mixes are of high quality and economically profitable, since their production includes ecological components that ensure an increase in mechanical properties, strength and load-bearing capacity. These advantages derive from the use of faelite in the composition of concrete mixtures, which, on the one hand, leads to the preservation of natural resources, which represent a limited natural resource. On the other hand, the use of faelite leads to significant environmental benefits, since environmental protection is focused precisely on reducing the amount of slag and recycling it into useful products. Instead of accumulating, copper slag is recycled and used, taking maximum advantage of its chemical and physicomechanical properties. In addition, its disposal and storage in tailings ponds is eliminated, leading to the creation of a number of environmental problems, such as air pollution, groundwater and others.

Examples of implementation of the utility model

The created composition of concrete mixes, according to the useful model, is a prerequisite for creating seven variant versions of concrete mixes used in different productions.

BG 4111 UI

In one exemplary embodiment, the components of the concrete mix composition are in the following weight percentages: CEM II/A-L 42.5N cement is 9.98 wt. %; sand is 15.38 wt. %; faelite is 19.12 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm is 19.12 wt. %; crushed stone from 12.5 to 20 mm is 28.25 wt. %; water is 8.15 wt. %. The composition of this concrete mixture is used as a base concrete.

The second exemplary embodiment is designed to create a concrete mix for over the main part in the construction of concrete stairs, retaining walls, concrete products and castings. The components of this composition are in the following percentages by weight: cement CEM II/A-L 42.5N is 11.20 wt. %; sand is 15.36 wt. %; faelite is 18.67 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm is 18.67 wt. %; 12.5 to 20 mm crushed stone is 27.80 wt. %; water is 8.30 wt. %.

In the third exemplary embodiment, a composition of a concrete mixture intended for the production of buildings and building components, roof slabs, front walls, wings and foundations in the construction of culverts is described. The composition components are in the following percentages by weight: cement CEM 11/A-L 42.5N is 12.45 wt. %; sand is 14.94 wt. %; faelite is 18.67 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm is 17.84 wt. %; 12.5 to 20 mm crushed stone is 27.80 wt. %; water is 8.30 wt. %.

For the construction of monolithic foundations and walls, buildings and building components, beams and road pavement under heavy loads, a composition disclosed in the following exemplary embodiment is intended, the components of which are in the following weight percentages: cement CEM II/A-L 42.5N is 13.64 weight %; sand is 14.88 wt. %; faelite is 18.18 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm is 17.77 wt. %; 12.5 to 20 mm crushed stone is 27.27 wt. %; water is 8.26 wt. %.

In the fifth exemplary embodiment, the components of the composition are in the following percentages by weight: cement CEM 11/A-L 42.5N is 15.44 wt. %; sand is 14.20 wt. %; faelite is 17.54 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm is 17.12 wt. %; 12.5 to 20 mm crushed stone is 26.72 wt. %; water is 8.98% by weight. The concrete composition of this exemplary embodiment is intended for reinforced concrete elements, support blocks and reinforcing belts used in industrial construction, buildings and building components and on hydraulic structures and bridges.

In the sixth exemplary embodiment, the components of the composition are in the following percentages by weight: cement CEM II/A-L 42.5N is 16.74 wt. %; sand is 13.81 wt. %; faelite is 17.15 wt. %; 4 to 11.2 mm crushed stone is 16.74 wt. %; 12.5 to 20 mm crushed stone is 26.36 wt. %; water is 9.20 wt. %. This composition is applicable in the construction of buildings and building components, hydraulic facilities, constantly subjected to high loads.

In the seventh alternative embodiment, the components of the composition are in the following weight percentages: the cement CEM 11/A-L 42.5N is 20.50 wt. %; sand is 11.30 wt. %; faelite is 15.48 wt. %; 4 to 11.2 mm crushed stone is 17.57 wt. %; 12.5 to 20 mm crushed stone is 25.52 wt. %; water is 9.63 wt. %. This concrete composition is intended for the construction of buildings and building components, metro stations, dams and other facilities that are subject to special requirements.

Concrete mixes are produced in automatic concrete plants that provide automatic dosing and feeding of the components. The concrete center has a water tank and a measuring device with an accuracy of ± 2% to automatically control the amount of water and components used for each

BG4111 UI specific implementation. Also, the concrete center has moisture meters that measure the moisture content of the aggregates, which adjusts the amount of water.

Stone fractions are extracted from certified quarries for the extraction of aggregates. The blasted rock mass is poured into crushing machines, after which, depending on the number of desired stone fractions, the crushed rock mass passes through one or two screening machines, respectively. Concrete mixtures usually contain two fractions of crushed gravel, which must be washed when put into production, because when they are contaminated, the binding parameters are disturbed and the frost resistance of the produced concrete mixture is weakened.

The sand that is used in the production of the different versions of the concrete mixture is obtained either by the natural destruction of the rocks or by their forced destruction.

Faelite is an iron silicate and is a major industrial waste in the production of copper. Based on its chemical and mineral composition, it finds application in construction, in the cement industry and in other areas. Its chemical composition increases the mechanical properties and implies greater strength in a compacted state, as well as excellent load-bearing capacity. Faelite's resistance to high temperatures is also essential. In addition, the structure of its molecule is such that it implies better adhesion with the components of the concrete mixture.

The cement used in the various versions of the concrete mix is cement - CEM H/A-L 42.5N, whose main components are clinker from 80 to 94%, limestone from 6 to 20% and additional components from 0 to 5%. Before use, samples are taken from the cement, which must meet the requirements of BDS EN196-7. Cement is supplied in bags or in bulk in a quantity sufficient so that there is no interruption in the production of concrete mixes.

The water used to make the different types of concrete mixes meets requirements according to BDS EN 1008, and its qualities are analyzed before and during production. Water should not contain humus particles, mineral compounds, sulfur and others.

The production of the corresponding execution of a concrete mixture begins with the introduction into the concrete unit of the dried and heated stone fractions, which are separated by sieving, so that they are combined according to sizes for the execution of the corresponding recipe. The corresponding dosed cement and faelite, which must also be dry and preferably dosed in the concrete unit itself, are fed into the concrete hopper. When adding cement and water, their temperature should not exceed 65°C and 80°C, respectively. If the temperature of the water exceeds 60°C, it must be added to the concrete unit before adding the cement. After the metered components enter the concrete mixer. begins their mixing and homogenization until the desired consistency is obtained. This mixing of the input components must be continued long enough to complete fifty rotations of the mixer, the rotation frequency of which must be less than four revolutions per minute. The finished mixture is fed into a waste hopper, from where it is loaded onto concrete trucks. which are usually of the rotary type with a drum, are waterproof and have a construction that allows the uniform distribution of all components in the finished mixture.

Claims (1)

Composition of concrete mixtures, including cement, crushed stone fractions and water, characterized in that it also includes sand and phaelite, wherein the components of the composition are in the following weight percentages: cement in the range from 9.50 to 20.90 wt. %; sand in the range from 11.2 to 15.50 wt. %; phaelite in the range from 15.40 to 19.20 wt. %; crushed stone from 4 to 11.2 mm in the range from 16.20 to 19.20 wt. %; crushed stone from 12.5 to 20 mm in the range from 25.20 to 28.40 wt. %; water in the range from 8.00 to 10.00 wt. %