BG3032U1 - Parabolic satellite communications antenna with enhanced selectivity - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model relates to a parabolic satellite communications antenna with enhanced selectivity which will find application in the field of telecommunications, in particular for the reception and transmission of radio waves from the megahertz and gigahertz bands. The created parabolic satellite communications antenna with enhanced selectivity includes a parabolic reflector (1) and an irradiator (2) mounted on a carrier (3). The parabolic reflector (1) obtained from the intersection of an elliptical cylinder with a rotary paraboloid is fixed at one end to a stand (4) to which the carrier (3) is mounted with the irradiator (2). The irradiator (2) is provided with an elliptical opening (8) with a quarter-wave throttle (9) for maximum use of the aperture of the reflector (1). The emitter (2) is located within the focus of the parabolic reflector (1).

Description

Field of technology

The present utility model relates to a parabolic antenna for satellite communications with increased selectivity, which will find application in the field of telecommunications and in particular for the reception and transmission of radio waves in the megahertz and gigahertz frequency bands.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The parabolic antenna was used by the German physicist Heinrich Hertz when he discovered radio waves in 1887. He used cylindrical parabolic reflectors with spark dipole antennas in their focus to transmit and receive radio waves during his experiments.

A parabolic antenna is an antenna that uses a parabolic reflector, which is a curved surface in the shape of a parabola of its cross section, to direct radio waves. The main advantage of the parabolic antenna is that it has a high directivity. The antenna functions as a "flashlight with a reflector" for directing radio waves in a narrow beam, or receiving radio waves from only one specific direction. Parabolic antennas are one of the best directional antennas.

Parabolic antennas are used as antennas for point-to-point communication, for radio relay communications, wireless WAN / LAN communications for data transmission, satellite communications and communication antennas of spacecraft. They are also used in radio telescopes. Their main advantage is that they can be used for a wide frequency range.

The principle of operation of the parabolic antenna is that a point source of radio waves placed at the focal point in front of a parabolic reflector of conductive material will be reflected and directed in a wave beam along the axis of the reflector and vice versa, at an incoming wave parallel to the axis will be directed to the focal point in phase.

Widely known in practice are parabolic antennas, the geometry of which is a section of a rotating paraboloid with the emission cone of a rotating symmetrical antenna irradiator. The main elements of these antennas are a parabolic reflector, carrier and irradiator.

The widely used circular irradiators have the disadvantage of limiting the selectivity for certain parameters of the total size and weight of the reflector and the antenna as a whole.

Technical essence of the utility model

The task of the utility model is to create a parabolic antenna for satellite communications with increased selectivity, which is a high-gain antenna device for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals from satellites located in geostationary orbit, operating in the frequency range 3-40 GHz.

The problem is solved by creating a parabolic antenna for satellite communications with increased selectivity, including a parabolic reflector and an irradiator mounted on a carrier. According to the utility model, the parabolic reflector obtained by the intersection of an elliptical cylinder with a rotating paraboloid is attached at one end to a stand to which the carrier with the irradiator is also mounted. The irradiator is equipped with an elliptical hole with a quarter-wave choke for maximum use of the reflector aperture. The irradiator is located in the focus of the parabolic reflector.

The advantage of the created antenna is its improved selectivity, while maintaining the other main antenna parameters - gain, broadband, the utilization of the area of the hole (aperture efficiency). In addition, the created antenna receives a signal only from the desired satellite and suppresses the signals from neighboring satellites, which significantly improves the quality of the received signal.

Explanation of the attached figures

The present utility model is illustrated in the accompanying figures, where: figure 1 is a side view of the antenna according to the utility model;

Figure 2 is a front view of the antenna according to the utility model; and

2294 Descriptions to utility registration certificates № 12.1 / 17.12.2018 figure 3 - elliptical irradiator, according to the utility model.

Examples of implementation of the utility model

A parabolic antenna for satellite communications with increased selectivity is created, which includes a parabolic reflector 1 and an irradiator 2 mounted on a carrier 3. The parabolic reflector 1 is a piece of metal sheet bent in the form of a rotating paraboloid. The rotating paraboloid is intersected by an elliptical cylinder, the cross section of these two three-dimensional figures representing the parabolic reflector 1 of the antenna. The choice of an elliptical cylinder or other similar figure is made with a view to suppressing interference from an adjacent satellite during regular operation of the antenna. The edge of the parabolic reflector 1 can be bent in order to increase the mechanical strength of the structure and suppress the lateral radiations of the antenna.

The parabolic reflector 1 is attached at one end to a stand 4, to which the carrier 3 with the irradiator 2 is mounted. The antenna stand 4 allows correction of the elevation and polarization of the antenna. The carrier 3 supports and directs the irradiator 2 to the reflector 1. In addition, the carrier 3 provides the necessary distance between the reflector 1 and the irradiator 2 to obtain the correct direction of the axis of the irradiator 2 to a certain area of the reflector 1, thus providing fine adjustment of the polarization of the irradiator 2. The bracket 3 is a plastic or metal profile and additional fasteners.

The irradiator 2 is a cylindrical metal waveguide 6, the open end of which ends in an elliptical opening 8, through an elliptical cone 7, transforming the mode of the electromagnetic field, surrounded by a quarter-wave choke 9 with a depth - approximately a quarter wavelength. The selection of the quarter-wave choke 9 and the elliptical cone 7 is made in order to maximize the antenna gain, minimize the side sheets and minimize the cross-polarization components. The irradiator 2 is located in the focus of the parabolic reflector 1 and irradiates it with a spherical phase front of the electromagnetic wave. After reflection from the reflector 1, the wave front becomes flat and forms a diagram of the directional action of the antenna. The principle of operation of the antenna when receiving electromagnetic waves is identical.

The stand 4 is attached to a support element 5 for fixing the antenna to an external support mast.

The antenna, according to the utility model, has improved selectivity and is designed to receive electromagnetic signals from satellites located in geostationary orbit, operating in the frequency range 3-40 GHz. The signals it receives can be used for analog or digital television, data reception, messages, signaling and more. Because the antenna is a reversible device, it can also be used to transmit to a satellite or other object electromagnetic signals in analog or digital form, including data, Internet, control or management messages, status messages and more.

The antenna is used as follows.

After directing the antenna to the desired satellite through the Stand 4, the antenna is fixed in motion by means of fasteners to the support element 5. The electromagnetic wave emitted by the satellite is reflected in the reflector 1 and concentrated in the irradiator 2 located at the focal point of the antenna.

Claims (1)

Claims A parabolic antenna for satellite communications with increased selectivity, comprising a parabolic reflector and an irradiator mounted on a carrier, characterized in that the parabolic reflector (1) obtained by the intersection of an elliptical cylinder with a rotating paraboloid is fixed at one end. a stand (4) to which the carrier (3) with the irradiator (2) is mounted, provided with an elliptical opening (8) with a quarter-wave choke (9), for maximum use of the aperture of the parabolic reflector (1), where the irradiator ( 2) is located in the focus of the parabolic reflector (1).