BG112391A - Method and scale for direct time measurement - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the method and the scale, time is measured in physical processes, in electronic or mechanical devices for which time is a parameter, in navigation, in vehicles (trains, ships, aircraft), for public and personal needs. With the method and the scale, the astronomical time is accurately counted at any point of the earth's surface, as all the geographic points located on a meridian have the same clock time that is different from the clock time of the geographic points located on given meridian have the same clock time, which is different from the clock time of the geographic points, located on other meridians and the clock time (yt) at random geographical point at any given moment is measured by a polar angle (ф) between a polar projection of the meridian on which a random geographic point is located and the Earth radius vector, which represents a line connecting the centre of the Sun and the centre of the Earth on which are constantly located clock points 00:00 and 12:00.

Description

(54) METHOD AND SCALE FOR DIRECT TIME MEASUREMENT (57) The method and scale measure time in physical processes, in electronic or mechanical instruments for which time is a parameter, in navigation, in vehicles (trains, ships, aircraft) , for public and private needs. The method and scale account for accurate astronomical time at each point on the earth's surface, with all geographic points located on a meridian having the same clock time, which differs from the clock time of geographic points located on other meridians, and the clock time (y _t ) at any geographical point at a given moment is measured by a polar angle (u) between the polar projection of the meridian on which the arbitrary geographical point is located and the radius vector of the Earth, which is a line connecting the center of the Sun, and the center of the Earth, on which the time points 00:00 and 12:00 are constantly located.

claims. 9 figures, (not published) ·· · · ·· · · · · · ···· · · ·· ·· ··· ··

METHOD AND SCALE FOR DIRECT TIME MEASUREMENT

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The method and the scale measure time in physical processes, in electronic or mechanical devices for which time is a parameter, in navigation, in vehicles (trains, ships, planes), for public and personal needs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Timing scales have been created since the dawn of civilization. They measure two cycles - year and day.

Calendar

Mankind has created measuring scales of annual cycles:

• The Mayan calendar [3] is a measuring scale that works with huge periods of time forward into the future and backward into the past.

• The star of Pliska [4] is a measuring scale of the 12-year-old ancient Bulgarian calendar.

The Gregorian calendar does not have a measuring scale. It is a table that measures the annual cycle indirectly by recording data.

its

The UTC zone system does not have a measuring scale. It also measures the round-the-clock cycle indirectly by recording data (ISO 8601).

Clock

The solar device is a clock, because on its scale a round-the-clock cycle is measured - it indicates an astronomical time of 12:00 (2 mm). Water and sand devices are chronometers because they do not measure cycles. They measure duration from zero to infinity.

Modern devices have advanced sundial scales, where the hands act as a shadow. They measure a round-the-clock cycle in a specific time zone. Electronic clocks without hands show indirect measurement of zone time by recording data.

. · Ί::: · :::

···· ·· ·· ·· ··· ··

A clock for measuring time is known, disclosed in publication of international application W00070409A1, comprising a clock disk divided into 24 identical sectors, numbered according to the hours of the day, which rotates at a speed of 2π / 24: 00, and a second disk on which are inscribed the names of cities of choice and a scale corresponding to the existing time zones and the longitude of the cities, marking the line of change of date. The watch also has a third disk for counting the minutes, with a scale divided into 12 identical sectors. The known clock shows the zone time simultaneously in different parts of the world indicated on the second disk, counting whole hours by rotating the first disk, and the third disk shows the minutes, which are the same for all parts of the world. The famous clock does not use the meridian of the geographical point as an element of measurement, so it cannot account for the exact astronomical time for each point in the world.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is to provide a method for measuring time which allows the reading of local time at any point on the Earth, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing zonal system.

Another object of the invention is to provide a direct time measurement scale operating by the method according to the invention, which allows the simultaneous reading of local time at all points on the Earth.

An additional object of the invention is to provide a combined scale for reading clock time and time of year.

An additional object of the invention is to provide a scale that can read the clock time of a free-moving body relative to the Earth's surface.

Another object of the invention is to provide an auxiliary scale for indirect time measurement with which various calculations can be made, according to the method according to the invention.

To solve these problems, a method for direct measurement of clock time is created, in which all geographical points located on a given meridian have the same clock time, which differs from. ·· .. · ο ·. “.1 • · · · ·· · · · · ·. · H: ·:: ··: · ::: ···· · · ·· ·· ··· ·· The clock time of the geographical points located on other meridians. According to the invention, the clock time (y _t ) at an arbitrary geographical point at a given moment is measured by a polar angle (u) between the polar projection of the meridian on which the arbitrary geographical point is located and the radius vector of the Earth, which is a line connecting the center. of the Sun and the center of the Earth, on which the clock points 00:00 and 12:00 are constantly located, and according to the axial rotation of the Earth for 24 hours the polar angles 0 ° and 00:00 hours coincide; polar angle 90 ° and 06:00, polar angle 180 ° and 12:00; and a polar angle of 270 ° and 18:00, and a polar angle of 1 ° is equal to 4 minutes.

According to the method, the duration of an event, called chronometric time (z _t ), is measured by the polar angle described by the prime meridian in the axial rotation of the Earth and taken as the zero of the measurement.

According to the method, the time difference between points located on two different meridians is measured by a polar angle concluded between the polar projections of said two meridians.

A scale for direct measurement of astronomical clock time, duration and time difference is created, consisting of two coaxial disks, adapted to work as a 24-hour clock, the scale includes:

- a diurnal disk on which is a degree scale reflecting the rotation of the Earth around the axis and a 24 hour time scale showing the astronomical time of each meridian separately and all together, where 0 ° around the axis and 00:00 coincide; 90 ° and 06:00 coincide; 180 ° and 12:00 coincide; 270 ° and 18:00 coincide, and

- a geographical disk on which a longitude scale is located, and on which an unlimited number of meridians, geographical points and hints can be added if desired.

The combination of the diurnal disk and the geographic disk together are adapted to measure the diurnal cycle, the geographic disk being adapted to rotate relative to the diurnal disk counterclockwise and make a complete revolution in 24 hours to show the exact astronomical time at each point. from Earth at any time where geographic points located on the same meridian have the same time, which is a different time geographically. · 4::: · :::

···· ·· ·· ·· ··· · · points located on other meridians and a polar angle of 1 ° corresponds to 4 minutes, taking into account on the diurnal disk the rotation of the geographical disk in degrees and the elapsed time in hours, minutes and seconds, and the hourly difference between arbitrary geographical points located on different meridians is reported on the geographic disk by a polar angle concluded between the polar projections of the said two meridians.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the scale for directly measuring astronomical clock time comprises, in relation to said two disks, and

- an annual disk on which is a degree scale showing the position of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun and a time scale showing days, weeks and months, where 0 ° in the orbit and the winter solstice coincide; 90 ° and the vernal equinox coincide; 180 ° and the summer solstice coincide; 270 ° and the autumnal equinox coincide, where the combination of the annual disk and the diurnal disk is a calendar and together are adapted to measure the annual cycle, the disk being adapted to rotate relative to the annual disk and make a complete revolution in one solar year, the diurnal disk has a pointer located on the zero of the hour scale to show the position of the Earth in its orbit and the corresponding date on the scale of the annual disk, and the annual disk has a pointer standing on the compass of the year (22.12 ◄ · ^ -22.06), on the side to the annual zero, to determine the total annual hourly difference on the round-the-clock disk.

In another preferred embodiment, the direct measurement scale according to the invention also comprises a meridian arrow whose axis of rotation coincides with the axis of the disks, and is adapted to be locked in any position relative to the geographic disk and to rotate synchronously with it. , and perform an independent clockwise or counterclockwise rotation.

The direct measurement scale according to the invention may be a mechanical, electronic or virtual clock scale.

The scale for direct measurement of time according to the invention of the scale for. · $: · :: ··: · ::: ···· ·· ·· ·· ··· ·· astronomical time measuring two cycles (year + day and night):

- with the pointer of the round-the-clock disk on the annual disk the date is indicated (fig.7);

- with the pointer of the annual disk on the round-the-clock disk measures the total hourly difference between the stellar and the solar day;

- with the position of the geographical disk on the round-the-clock disk the clock time of all meridians together and on each separately is measured (fig.8);

- with the position of the geographic disk and the meridian arrow on the diurnal disk the hourly difference between two meridians is measured;

- the position of the meridian arrow on the round-the-clock disk measures the duration of the process.

The time scale according to the invention is an astronomical time scale measuring two cycles (year + day).

An auxiliary timing scale is also created, including two coaxial disks:

- a diurnal disk marked with a degree scale reflecting the rotation of the Earth around the axis and a 24 hour time scale adapted to show the astronomical time of each meridian separately and all together, where 0 ° around the axis and 00:00 coincide; 90 ° and 06:00 coincide; 180 ° and 12:00 coincide; 270 ° and 18:00 coincide, and

- a geographical disk on which a 360-degree scale of longitudes is located, and on which an unlimited number of meridians, geographical points and prompts can be added if desired, whereby the diurnal disk and the geographical disk are adapted to rotate freely one relative to each other in both directions, so as to show the astronomical time at any point on the Earth at any given time, where geographic points located on one meridian have the same time, which is different time of geographical points located on other meridians , where the time difference between two meridians concluding a polar angle of 1 ° is 4 minutes.

• & · · ·. ... • · · · ·· ·· · · ··· ··

According to a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary timing scale according to the invention also comprises a meridian arrow whose axis of rotation coincides with the axis of the disks, and is adapted so as to be able to be locked in any position relative to the geographical disk and to perform synchronously. rotate with it so as to perform an independent rotation relative to the geographic disk in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ATTACHED FIGURES

FIG. 1 scale principle;

FIG. 2 scale operation scheme:

• 2A Rotation of clock digits for one year;

• 2B Example of rotation of the clock digits and the zero meridian;

FIG. 3 depicts the annual disk 1;

FIG. 4 depicts the diurnal disk 2;

FIG. 5 depicts the geographical disk 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the scale in disassembled form in an embodiment with an additional meridian arrow 4;

FIG. 7 illustrates the connection of the annual and the round-the-clock disk, compiling a calendar, when measuring parameters of the year;

FIG. 8 illustrates the relationship between the diurnal and the geographical disk, constituting a clock, when measuring parameters of the diurnal;

FIG. 9 is a general view of the scale of Figure 7 in an assembled form.

EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION AND ACTION OF THE INVENTION

METHOD OF DIRECT TIME MEASUREMENT

According to the method for direct measurement of clock time of the present invention, all geographic points on the Earth's surface located on a given meridian have the same clock time, which differs from the clock time of geographical points located on other meridians.

. · И: *:: -: * :::

···· ·· ·· · · · · · ···

The clock time (y _t ) at an arbitrary geographical point at a given moment is measured by the polar angle (u) between the polar projection of the meridian on which the arbitrary geographical point is located and the radius vector of the Earth, which is a line connecting the center of the Sun. and the center of the Earth, on which the time points 00:00 and 12:00 are constantly located. According to the axial rotation of the Earth for 24 hours, the polar angle 0 ° and 00.Ό0 hours coincide; polar angle 90 ° and 06:00, polar angle 180 ° and 12:00; and a polar angle of 270 ° and 18:00, and a polar angle of 1 ° is equal to 4 minutes.

SCALE FOR DIRECT VERIFICATION OF TIME

The time scale according to the invention consists of at least two coaxial disks - round the clock and geographical. In a preferred embodiment, it also includes a third coaxial annual disk.

Below is a description of preferred embodiments of the scale.

In a preferred embodiment, the base of the scale is the annual disk 1 (Figs. 3, 6 and 7) is a projection of the orbital plane of the Earth relative to the Sun. On the annual disk 1 there is a degree scale and a calendar:

1. The degree scale indicates the position of the Earth in orbit around the Sun,

2. The date is indicated on the calendar.

The synchrony between the degree scale and the calendar is achieved by a compass of the year 22.12◄ • ►22.06. It indicates 0 ° along the trajectory and the zero day of the calendar (December 22):

calendar 0 ° 22.12 winter solstice 90 ° 21.03 Vernal equinox 180 ° 22.06 summer solstice 270 ° 23.09 autumnal equinox

Preferably, the annual disk 1 has a pointer standing on the zero of the year (22.12) on the side of the annual zero and indicates the direction of the annual compass (N).

. · G::: · :::

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In the described embodiment, the diurnal disk 2 (Figs. 2 and 4) rotates relative to disk 1. The diurnal disk 2 is a projection of the equatorial plane. It has:

- 24 hour time scale;

- degree scale reflecting the rotation of the Earth around the axis.

Preferably the diurnal disk 2 also has

- clock compass 00:00 ◄ · ► 12:00

- a pointer standing on the zero of the scale and indicating the position of the compass relative to the zero of the year.

The position of the clock compass is 0 ° and 00:00. In FIG. 4 one division is 10 minutes, or 2.5 °:

Axial rotation clock 0 ° 00:00 90 ° 06:00 180 ° 12:00 270 ° 18:00

The diurnal disk 2 rotates in relation to the annual disk 1 in a positive direction, performing a full revolution (2π) for one solar year to take into account the date.

In the described embodiment, the geographical disk 3 is located on the round-the-clock disk. A scale of longitudes is located on the geographical disk 3 (Fig. 5). Optionally, a different number of meridians, geographic points and / or hint images (eg polar projections of the globe) may be plotted on the geographic disk 3.

The geographic disk 3 rotates relative to the diurnal disk 2 in a positive direction, turning to 2π / 24: 00 to show the exact astronomical time at any point on Earth at any given time. According to the invention, geographical points located on one meridian have the same time, which is unique and different from the time of geographical points located on other meridians, where. · 9:::: · :::

···· · · ·· ·· ··· ·· The time difference between two adjacent meridians forming a polar angle of 1 ° is 4 minutes. Thus, the direct measurement scale is designed to take into account and show exactly the actual astronomical time at any point on the earth's surface, without taking into account time zones or other artificially set time differences in different parts of the Earth.

It is clear to those skilled in the art that the direct time scale according to the invention does not work with conventional time zones, but works with a different time system based on exact astronomical time, individually for each meridian of the earth's surface.

For convenience, projections of one or more meridians of the same or different color may be plotted on the geographic disk 3. Any number of geographical points with or without their names can also be plotted (Fig. 5). The disk can be a polar projection of the globe or one of the two hemispheres. For example, if the scale is intended for users in the northern hemisphere, then a polar projection of the northern hemisphere and user-important meridians and / or geographic points may be plotted on the geographic disk 3. For example, a projection of the meridian and the geographical point of residence of the user, as well as other geographical points that are important to him, can be plotted to easily navigate the astronomical time simultaneously at all these points. Points from both the northern and southern hemispheres can be plotted. The version of a virtual clock provides the possibility for the user to be able to change the image of the geographic disk, depending on the specific need.

In another preferred embodiment, the scale also includes a disk 4 on which a meridian arrow is depicted (Fig. 6). Its axis of rotation coincides with the axis of disks 1, 2 and 3. The arrow-meridian 4 is adapted so as to be able to be locked in any position relative to the geographical disk 3 and to perform synchronous rotation with it. Alternatively, the meridian arrow 4 can rotate in the positive or negative direction independently of the geographic disk 3. In a preferred embodiment, the arrow-meridian 4 can track the movement of a body on the earth's surface, reflecting its current position relative to the meridians.

.-Id: · :: ··: · :::

···· · · \ ·· ·· ··· · ·

The above scale for direct measurement of astronomical time can be a scale of a mechanical, electronic or virtual clock.

Action of the scale for direct time measurement

The direct timing scale consists of three disks, and, in a preferred embodiment, at least one free meridian hand. They rotate around a common axis (Fig. 6).

Principle structure of the scale for direct time measurement (Fig. 1):

1. The wreath of 24 hour points of the day stands on the plane of the equator.

2. The hand of the annual clock (calendar) is the projection of the Earth's radius vector on the orbital plane.

3. Arrows of the clock are the projections of the meridians on the equatorial plane.

4. The direction of measurement coincides with the direction of the Earth's motion.

Just as the needle of the magnetic compass stands on the meridian in the direction N4 * kS, the clock points 00: 00 ^ «k 12:00 stand on the Earth's radius vector and are called the clock's compass:

• 12:00 is on the radius vector against the Sun.

• 06:00 is in orbit in the direction of travel.

Method of measurement with the time scale (Fig. 2):

In FIG. 2A illustrates the rotation of the clock digits relative to the zero of the year. In one year, the zero of the clock rotates 360 °.

Figure 2B shows an example of measurement with annual and round-the-clock:

• In case of rotation of the clock digits by 40 ° compared to the zero of the year, the date of the event is 31.01 • In case of rotation of the zero meridian by 42 ° in relation to the zero of the day, the time of the event from 31.01 is 02:48 in London.

• ·· «·· ·· ·· ··· ··

Annual clock (Fig. 7):

The projection of the Earth's axis on the orbital plane does not rotate. It is transferred in parallel along the trajectory throughout the cycle. When the Earth's radius vector and the projection of the axis coincide, the north pole (N) points to 22.12 and the south pole points to 22.06. This position is constant and allows the date 22.12 to be set to zero of the measurement. Compass of the year:

22,124 ·> 22.06

The annual clock measures three parameters - the position of the Earth in degrees, time (date) and the annual hourly difference between the stellar and solar day:

• The position of the Earth in degrees is measured by a polar angle between the compass of the year and the position determined by the radius vector of the Earth in orbit.

• The date is measured by the number of passes of the meridian to change the date on the radius vector of the Earth. The Earth does not travel 90 ° in the same number of days, because it moves along the ellipse, and the Sun is not in the center of the ellipse, but in one focus. For this reason, in autumn the Earth travels one degree a day, but in spring and summer it cannot, because it moves away from the Sun on the ellipse and travels the road for more days. For this reason, the annual cycle is not 360 days. Five days and six hours are the difference between the lengths of the circle and the ellipse.

• The time differences from 00:03:56 are not absolutely the same for every day. There is a difference of ± 1 second for the individual days and for this reason universal time UTC and GMT GMT (Greenwich Mean Time is astronomical and counts the second, and Universal Time is not). In our watch, these time differences are reported separately for each day, applying the GMT rule.

The diurnal disk 2 rotates 2π relative to the annual disk 1 for one year.

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·· ♦ · ·· ♦ · ·· 9 ·· ··

Seasons Ν 00:00 Period Rotation Days Annual time difference Winter 00:00 Ν 22.12 + 20.03 90 ° 89 05:50:04 Spring 18:00 21.03 21.03 + 21.06 90 ° 94 06:09:44 Summer 12:00 22.06 22.06 + 22.09 90 ° 92 06:01:52 Autumn 06:00 23.09 23.09 + 21.12 90 ° 90 05:54:00 360 ° 365 23:55:40

In astronomy, the rotation of the clock zero is known as the difference between the solar and stellar days. According to astronomical calculations for one day, the rotation of the clock zero rounded to the second is:

00 ° 59'11 = 00: 03: 56 where:

00 ° 59'11 is the polar angle described by the Earth's radius vector for one day.

00:03:56 is the time difference between the solar and stellar day.

When rotating the round-the-clock disk 2 in the positive direction:

1. the index of the 24-hour disk 2 indicates a date on the annual disk 1.

2. the index of the annual disk 1 indicates the total annual hourly difference on the daily disk 2. The counting is performed in the opposite direction (Ο N).

The scale for direct time measurement is characterized by the fact that:

- with the position of the clock zero (daily disk 2) on the calendar (annual disk 1) the annual clock indicates a date;

- with the position of the annual zero (annual disk 1) on the clock points (24-hour disk 2), the annual clock indicates the annual hourly difference between the stellar and solar day.

Round the clock (Fig.8)

The geographic disk 3 rotates 2π / 24: 00 with respect to disk 2. In each «· · · ·· V 4 · · ·. · Β::: · :::

»··· ·· ·· · · ··· ·· moment indicates the exact time (reported on disk 2) of any number of meridians from disk 3. Practically each meridian, from those plotted on disk 3 at any time has a specific indication (hh: mm: ss) on the clock scale on disk 2.

In this way, the exact astronomical time is known at all points on Earth together.

The 24-hour clock measures the clock time of any geographical point, the hourly difference between two random geographical points.

Fig. 2B shows an example of measurement with the annual and round-the-clock clocks:

• When the clock digits are rotated by 40 ° to the zero of the year, the date of the event is 31.01 (the annual clock).

• When the zero meridian rotates by 42 ° to zero of the day, the time of the event from 31.01 is 02:48 in London (the clock of the day).

Clock time (y _t ). Figure 8:

Geographical point Ф Yt LONDON 0 ° 00:00 KAMENICA * 24 ° 01:36 MOSCOW 37 ° 02:28 DELHI 77 ° 05:08 BEIJING 116 ° 07:44 TOKYO 139 ° 09:16 CANBERRA 149 ° 09:56 VANCOUVER 237 ° 15:49 NEW YORK 287 ° 19:08 REIKYAVIK 339 ° 22:34

^ Kamenitza is a district of the town of Velingrad, Bulgaria

In a preferred embodiment, the direct measurement scale, which also includes a meridian arrow disk 4, can be used for various visualizations and calculations. For example, the meridian arrow can be used to calculate the time difference between a meridian 3 or a geographic point plotted on a geographic disk and another meridian of interest to the user, by locating • · · · · · · · · · · · ι4: :: ··: ·:::

···· «· ·· ·· ·· · ·· meridian arrow 4 on the last.

Alternatively, the arrow arrow 4 can move independently of the other disks, for example, it can read the movement of a free body on the surface of the Earth, regardless of its direction of movement. Therefore, the meridian hand 4 can move counterclockwise and counterclockwise at a speed that is different from the speed of rotation of the disks and is uneven.

For example, if the movement of a body moving from east to west is taken into account, then the meridian hand 4 will move clockwise, counterclockwise to the rotation of the geographical disk 3. If the movement of a body moving from west to east is taken into account , then the arrow-meridian 4 will move counterclockwise, in the direction of rotation of the geographical disk 3. At any time the exact astronomical time can be taken into account in the specific geographical point at which or above which it is located in this body moment.

To record the movement of a free body, information on the geographical position of the body (longitude) at any time in real time is required. This information is used to move the arrow meridian 4 relative to the geographic disk 3. In this way, the direct measurement scale visualizes the movement and current position of the body relative to east-west, as well as the exact astronomical time at the geographical point where the body is located.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scale may have several additional meridian arrows 4 located each on a separate disk which, for example, may visualize the simultaneous movement of several bodies at any point in the world.

Example

An example of an airplane between Moscow and Rio de Janeiro is shown. The plane takes off from Moscow when it is 11:00, ie the meridian of Moscow (on the geographical disk 3) indicates the time of 11:00 (on the 24-hour disk 2). At this point, the Rio meridian (317 °) indicates the time of 05:40 (on the 24-hour disk 2). At the beginning of the movement of the aircraft, the arrow-meridian 4 is on the meridian of the initial «·» w »·« · «« · · · «·· · «· · 4.:. Ρ„ · · .. ·.:. · .. · point - Moscow. Based on the obtained data for the geographical position of the aircraft, the movement of the meridian arrow 4 is set, which in this case is clockwise, ie counterclockwise of the geographical disk 3. The meridian arrow 4 indicates the position of the body in each moment relative to the earth's meridians, expressed as the angle between the prime meridian (of Moscow) and the meridian on which the body is currently located. Thus, the meridian arrow 4 indicates the longitude of the aircraft and its clock time in the specific geographical position. In the variants of electronic scale it is possible to indicate the exact geographical position of the body, taking into account the latitude, which does not change the reading of the clock time of the body.

Below is a tabular example of an aircraft moving in the direction of Moscow ► Rio and Rio ► Moscow, with an idealized trajectory and speed, where:

y _t is the clock time z _t is the chronometric time of the movement (duration of the movement) ± 00 ° is the longitude of the geographical point

Rio> Moscow

Rio y _t (R); 00 ^o plane Moscow y _t (M); 00 ° z _t 00 ° Yt 05:40, -43 ° 00:00 -43 ° 05:40 11: 00: 37 ° 06:40; -43 ° 01:00 -35 ° 07:12 12: 00: 37 ° 07: 40: -43 ° 02:00 -27 ° 08:44 13: 00: 37 ° 08: 40: -43 ° 03:00 -19 ° 10:16 14: 00: 37 ° 09:40, -43 ° 04:00 -11 ° 11:48 15: 00: 37 ° 10: 40: -43 ° 05:00 -3 ° 13:20 16: 00: 37 ° 11:40, -43 ° 06:00 -5 ° 14:52 17: 00: 37 ° 12:40, -43 ° 07:00 13 ° 16:24 18: 00: 37 ° 13:40, -43 ° 08:00 21 ° 17:56 19: 00: 37 ° 14: 40: -43 ° 09:00 29 ° 19:28 20: 00: 37 ° 15: 40: -43 ° 10:00 37 ° 21:00 21: 00: 37 °

Moscow cryo

Rio y _t (R); 00 ° plane Moscow yt (M); OO ° Zt 00 ° Yt 05:40; -43 ° 00:00 37 ° 11:00 11: 00: 37 ° 06:40; -43 ° 01:00 29 ° 11:28 12: 00: 37 ° 07:40; -43 ° 02:00 21 ° 11:56 13: 00: 37 ° 08: 40: -43 ° 03:00 13 ° 12:24 14: 00: 37 ° 09: 40: -43 ° 04:00 5 ° 12:52 15: 00: 37 ° 10: 40: -43 ° 05:00 -3 ° 13:20 16: 00: 37 ° 11:40, -43 ° 06:00 -11 ° 13:48 17: 00: 37 ° 12:40, -43 ° 07:00 -19 ° 14:16 18: 00: 37 ° 13: 40: -43 ° 08:00 -27 ° 14:44 19: 00: 37 ° 14:40, -43 ° 09:00 -35 ° 15:12 20: 00: 37 ° 15:40, -43 ° 10:00 -43 ° 15:40 21: 00: 37 °

AUXILIARY SCALE FOR MEASUREMENT

The auxiliary scale for indirect measurement (dead clock) does not differ in device from the scale of the clock. Preferably, this scale also has at least one meridian arrow 4. The auxiliary scale for exemplary measurement has no driving mechanism (neither mechanical, nor virtual or electronic). This allows the disks of the scale to move freely at the request of the user and thus to simulate the development of various physical processes at multiple random geographical points. The greatest application can be obtained in solving various transport tasks.

The auxiliary scale for indirect measurement of a round-the-clock cycle according to the invention includes two disks - a round-the-clock disk 2 and a geographical disk 3, as described above in connection with the double scale for measuring time:

on the diurnal disk 2 is plotted a degree scale reflecting the rotation of the Earth about the axis and a 24 hour time scale showing the astronomical time of each meridian separately and of all together, * 1 /::. · · · * _>; . *:

wherein 0 ° about the axis and 00:00 coincide; 90 ° and 06:00 coincide; 180 ° and 12.00 coincide; 270 ° and 18:00 coincide, and

- a 360 degree scale of longitudes is located on the geographic disk 3, and an unlimited number of meridians, geographical points and hints can be added if desired.

The two disks are adapted to rotate freely relative to each other in both directions, so that the time can be determined at any point on Earth at a specific time at a specific geographical starting point.

The embodiment of the scale for exemplary measurement with at least one meridian arrow 4 allows a number of calculations to be made.

Determining the clock time

The clock time of an arbitrary point is determined in two independent ways:

• by setting the time 12:00 empirically.

• by the clock time of another geographical point, when the geographical difference is known.

Example:

Looking for the exact time at a point with a longitude of 107 °, when in Kamenica, 24 ° is 18:10:

1. Place the meridian of Kamenitza, 24 ° (on disk 3) on the time 18:10 from disk 2

2. Place the meridian arrow on disk 4 at position 107 ° (disk 3),

3. The required clock time is reported - 23:39, indicated by the meridian arrow from disk 4 on the time scale of disk 2.

Longitude of any point

The longitude of a point is determined empirically by the time of 12:00 in the searched point or clock time of another geographical point.

• is:. :: .. ·:

• · ··· ···· «· · ·

Example:

Determining the longitude of a geographical point when there is 12:00 and in Kamenica is 04:52:

1. Place the meridian of Kamenitza (from geographical disk 3) on the time 04:52 from round-the-clock disk 2,

2. Place the arrow-meridian 4 on the hour 12:00 on the clock scale of the round-the-clock disk 2

3. Take into account the required longitude - 131,7 °, indicated by the arrow meridian 4 on the scale of the geographical disk 3.

Time difference (± x _t )

To measure the time difference between geographical points located on different meridians, the following is performed:

1. Place the meridian of a selected geographical point on the geographical disk 3 on the zero of the clock scale of the diurnal disk 2.

2. Place the meridian arrow 4 on the second geographical point, or its meridian relative to the longitude scale of the geographical disk 3.

3. On the clock scale of the diurnal disk 2, the meridian arrow indicates the time difference between the two points.

Duration per stopwatch

To measure the duration of an event at a geographic location, the following actions are performed:

1. Places the meridian of the geographical point where it is performed (from the geographical disk 3) on the exact time indicated for the beginning of the action (on the round-the-clock disk 2).

2. Place the meridian arrow 4 on the hour 00:00 on the clock scale of the diurnal disk 2.

3. Rotate the geographic disk 3 and the meridian arrow 4 together in a positive direction as long as the action continues.

4. The meridian of the geographical point at which the action takes place (on • 15:. :: .. ·:: ..

• · · · · · ··· • · · · ·· ·· ·· ··· ·· the geographical disk 3), indicates the exact astronomical time at this point at the time of completion of the action. The meridian arrow 4 indicates the duration of the action on the stopwatch.

Clock duration when moving between two geographical points:

1. Place the meridian of the starting point (on the geographical disk 3) on the exact time indicated for the start of the movement (on the 24-hour disk 2).

2. Place the meridian arrow 4 on the hour 00:00 on the clock scale of the diurnal disk 2.

3. Rotate together the geographic disk 3 and the meridian arrow 4 in the positive direction as long as the movement continues.

4. The meridian of the end point (on the geographical disk 3) indicates the exact time at which the movement ends (on the round-the-clock disk 2).

5. The arrow-meridian 4 indicates the chronometric time of the movement.

Example:

We measure the parameters of a flight from Sofia to London, where:

- is the astronomical time at the geographical point of departure,

- y _t2 is the astronomical time at the geographical landing point,

- z _t is duration

Starting time:

Wii; Sofia = 11:45

Flight duration:

z _t = 02:35

1. A meridian is placed on which the city of Sofia is located (on the geographical disk 3) at 11:45 (on the round-the-clock disk 2).

2. Place the meridian arrow 4 on the hour 00:00 (on the 24-hour disk 2).

3. Rotate together the geographic disk 3 and the meridian arrow 4 so that the meridian arrow 4 points 02:35 to the diurnal disk 2.

4. The time of arrival in London is indicated by the prime meridian:

у1 ₂ ; London = 12: 44 • · · · · V * · * 'zcf:. :: .. ·:: ..

····· · ··· • ··· · · ·· ·· ··· ··

Advantages of the method for direct time measurement

The method according to the invention allows the accurate determination of the local time at any point on the Earth and is the basis for timekeeping in accordance with the actual movement of the Earth around its axis.

Advantages of the scale for direct time measurement

Some of the advantages of the scale for direct time measurement according to the invention in comparison with the old watches are:

1. The scale is distinguished by the simplicity of its device.

2. The scale is adapted to show five parameters for time clock time and time difference of the annual clock; clock time and time difference of the clock; duration per stopwatch and three parameters for space - the rotation of the Earth along its trajectory, rotation around the axis and direction of movement.

Usually modern watches show one parameter - clock time. All other parameters - days of the week, months, etc. - are displayed with a record (indirect measurement).

3. With a clock with a scale for direct measurement of time, we know the exact astronomical time in the whole world from the point where we stand, and all external points know our astronomical time without the application of other technical means or external information.

Clocks of the prior art show an inaccurate time and give little information. They show zone time. With them we do not know the clock time of a neighboring or other geographical point. They do not even show the exact time of a meridian because the zones do not apply this criterion. This requires airports to line up several clocks that show different clock times in different geographical locations, and among all, only London is true.

Literature:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated Universal Time https: //bq.Wikipedia.orq/wiki/Calendar of May https://bq.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Rosette from Pliska · 2ί:. :: ..

Claims (9)

A method of direct measurement of clock time in which all the geographical points located on a given meridian have the same clock time, which differs from the clock time of the geographical points located on other meridians, characterized in that the clock time (y _t ) at an arbitrary geographical point at a given moment is measured by a polar angle (u) between the polar projection of a meridian on which the arbitrary geographical point is located and the radius-vector of the Earth, which is a line connecting the center of the Sun and the center of the Earth , on which the clock points 00:00 and 12:00 are constantly located, and according to the axial rotation of the Earth for 24 hours the polar angle 0 ° and 00:00 hours coincide; polar angle 90 ° and 06:00, polar angle 180 ° and 12:00; and a polar angle of 270 ° and 18:00, with a polar angle of 1 ° equal to 4 minutes. Method for direct measurement of clock time according to claim 1, characterized in that the duration of an event, called chronometric time (z _t ), is measured by a polar angle described by the prime meridian in the axial rotation of the Earth and assumed to be zero of the measurement. A method for directly measuring clock time according to claim 1, characterized in that the time difference between points located on two different meridians is measured by a polar angle concluded between the polar projections of said two meridians. 4. A scale for the direct measurement of astronomical clock time, duration and time difference, consisting of two coaxial disks adapted to operate as a 24-hour clock, the scale including: - a diurnal disk (2) on which is a degree scale reflecting the rotation of the Earth around the axis and a 24 hour time scale showing the astronomical time of each meridian separately and all together, where 0 ° around the axis and 00:00 coincide ; 90 ° and 06:00 coincide; 180 ° and 12:00 coincide; 270 ° and 18:00 coincide, and - a geographical disk (3) on which a scale of geographical • «« · · · · · • 2 ?:. ::. . ·:: .. ·· ··· * ···· · · · ···· ·· ·· ·· ··· · · lengths, and on which an unlimited number of meridians, geographical points and prompts can be added if desired, at which the combination of the clock disk (2) and the geographic disk (3) together are adapted to measure a diurnal cycle, the geographic disk (3) being adapted to rotate clockwise (2) counterclockwise and to make a complete revolution for 24 hours to show the exact astronomical time of any point on Earth at any given time, where geographic points located on one meridian have the same time, which is different from the time of geographical points located on other meridians, and the polar angle of 1 ° corresponds to 4 minutes, and the rotation of the geographical disk (3) in degrees and the elapsed time in hours, minutes and seconds are taken into account on the 24-hour disk (2). Scale for direct measurement of astronomical clock time according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises, in relation to said two disks (2 and 3), and - an annual disk (1) on which is a degree scale showing the position of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun and a time scale showing days, weeks and months, where 0 ° in the orbit and the winter solstice coincide; 90 ° and the vernal equinox coincide; 180 ° and the summer solstice coincide; 270 ° and the autumnal equinox coincide, where the combination of the annual disk (1) and the diurnal disk (2) is a calendar and together are adapted to measure an annual cycle, the disk (2) being adapted to rotate relative to the annual disk (1). ) and make a complete revolution for one solar year, as the diurnal disk (2) has a pointer located on the zero of the hour scale to show the position of the Earth in its orbit and the corresponding date on the scale of the annual disk (1), and the annual disk 1) there is a pointer standing on the zero of the year (22.12) to determine the total annual hourly difference on the diurnal disk (2). Direct measurement scale according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it also comprises a meridian arrow (4), the axis of rotation of which coincides with the axis of • «· · · · '♦ · • 2h ::. J:. . ·:: .. · ··· · · ·· ·· · · · ·· Disks, and is adapted both to be locked in any position relative to the geographic disk (3) and to perform synchronous rotation with it, and to perform independent rotation in clockwise or counterclockwise. Direct measuring scale according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the scale is a scale of a mechanical, electronic or virtual watch. 8. Auxiliary timing scale comprising two coaxial disks: - a diurnal disk (2) bearing a degree scale reflecting the rotation of the Earth about the axis and a 24 hour time scale adapted to show the astronomical time of each meridian separately and all together, where 0 ° around the axis and 00: 00 match; 90 ° and 06:00 coincide; 180 ° and 12:00 coincide; 270 ° and 18:00 coincide, and - a geographical disk (3) on which a 360-degree longitude scale is located and on which an unlimited number of meridians, geographical points and hints can be added if desired, whereby the diurnal disk (2) and the geographical disk (3) are adapted to be able to rotate freely with respect to each other in both directions so as to show astronomical time at any point on the Earth at any given time, where geographic points located on the same meridian have the same time, which is different the time of geographical points located on other meridians, and the time difference between two meridians forming a polar angle of 1 ° is 4 minutes. Auxiliary timing scale according to claim 8, characterized in that it also includes a meridian arrow (4), the axis of rotation of which coincides with the axis of the disks, and is adapted to be locked in any position relative to the geographic disk (3) and to rotate synchronously with it, so as to perform an independent rotation relative to the geographical disk (3) in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.