BG110574A - Artificial reef - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a facility for restoration, preservation and increase of the bio diversity, the bio productivity and the self-treatment capacity of the sea areas in the conditions ofbottom trawling, which will be used for protection of certain bottom sectors against poachers, and also for construction of security systems around underwater sites, and it can be applied in the marine hydrobiology, ecology and archaeology. These three main tasks are solved by the three types of one and the same artificial reef. The artificial pro-trawl reef with a shape of cut pyramid is constructed from four or more perforated trapezoid walls with inclinations allowing free passing of the bottom trawls over the reef and preservation of the ecosystem in it, thus finding widest application and use over the whole water area of the shelf. Each wall of the anti-trawl reef has traps for catching and holding the trawls and it is intended for protection of certain secured territories against trawls. The guard reef has a metal pyramid fixed to the traps for connection by means of ropes to the adjacent guard reefs and it can be used for construction of security systems impenetrable for trawlsaround underwater sites requiring security.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a facility for the restoration, conservation and enhancement of biodiversity, bioproductivity and self-purification capacity of marine waters, and, if necessary, to protect the bottom of trawls, applicable in marine hydrobiology, ecology and archeology.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

An artificial reef (1) is known, representing a block with hollow internal volumes for providing good flow and light, • ·

creating conditions to increase the population of demersal and pelagic fishes and marine organisms and to prevent trawling for turkeys or turbot.

Disadvantages of artificial reef: generally difficult to build; obstructs trawls but does not hold them (captive) and they may continue to trawl in the neighborhood; is restricted in use only in areas designated for protection against trawls; cannot provide close (continuous) protection of various types of underwater objects against bottom trawls.

An artificial reef (2), known against trawls in the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain), is known, representing about a meter wide and 2 - 3 m long concrete pipe with transversely penetrating metal rods, resembling an anti-tank hedgehog.

The disadvantages of this reef are similar to the first.

Known from the internet is an artificial reef (3) shaped like a quadrangular pyramid with steep walls with round holes and protruding metal parts to stop trawls.

Disadvantages of the reef: there is a small surface and labyrinth that limit its effectiveness as an artificial reef; stops trawls but does not hold them.

Known from the internet is so on. a reef ball (4), which is actually an elongated hemisphere perforated with round holes.

The disadvantages of this reef are the same as the previous one, without stopping the trawls.

TECHNICAL NATURE

It is an object of the invention to provide a simple, durable, flowing, streamlined, illuminating, bottom-resistant and inexpensive artificial reef construction with maximum volume and surface and labyrinthine features, having a removable onboard or non-removable center section, prevents destruction and ensures the proper functioning of the ecosystem in the reef without stopping or damaging trawls in conditions of continuous and diversified bottom trawling (reef-trolling) that can be easily converted to reef, trapping and trapping when needed trawl trawlers (reef-counter), or used to build a bottom, trawl-proof security system for the protection of various underwater objects (reef guard).

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This task is accomplished by a device made up of four identical trapezoidal walls, perforated with several openings, and with narrow openings one below the other at the top of each wall, fixedly connected in a square truncated pyramid with a slope of the walls, allowing unobstructed passage of the trawls over him (reef-protral). In order to increase surface and labyrinthine, the reef-protral may have a central part, which can be removed on board the vessel (for research purposes) or not removed. If necessary, metal parts are attached to the reef-protral, which make it a reef-counter or reef guard. Three or more reef guards connected by rope or chain form the security system around the underwater protected object.

The advantages of artificial reef are that it is a simple, durable, flowing, streamlined, bottom-resistant and inexpensive artificial reef construction with maximum volume and surface area and labyrinth, with a central, removable or non-removable part that prevents destruction and ensure the proper functioning of the ecosystem within it without stopping or damaging trawls in conditions of continuous and diversified bottom trawling (reef-protrolling) and which, if necessary, easily turns into reef trapping and trapping trawls (reef-antral), orreef used to build a bottom guard system to protect various submarine trawl objects (reef guard).

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Attached

Figure 1 - Reef-protral - general view

Figure 2 - Reef-protral - cross section

Fig. 3 - Trawl trap

Figure 4 - Reef-antitral-guard - cross-section

FIG. 5 - Security system for underwater objects - in plan

EXAMPLES FOR IMPLEMENTATION

The reef-protral is a facility (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) composed of four identical trapezoidal walls 1, perforated with five circular openings 2 and with two narrow openings 3 below each other in the middle of the upper edge of each wall, fixed bound through their sloping sides in a square truncated pyramid with a slope of walls of about 60 or less. The reef-protral may contain an inner part which is subtracted 4 or not subtracted 5.

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To the reef-protroller can be added four traps (Fig. 3, Fig. 4) in the middle of the upper part of each wall 1, each consisting of a metal bar or a plate 6 with a tapered lower end secured by two perpendicular pins thereon. 7 through holes 3 and one parallel pin 8 to wall 1, whereby a curved metal arc 9 with a return hook 10 and a straight line 11 rising to the base of wall 1 and two straight bars 12 with counter hooks 13 are welded on a plate 6. , in which the hook 10 can be not only on a single line (Fig. 3), but also one length forward or and further back from hooks 13. Thus, the reef-protral becomes a reef-antitral (Fig. 4).

If the pins 8 of each trap are extended by bars 14, at their intersection, they are soldered through a vertical axis 15 with a ring 16 and pins 17. A reef guard (Fig. 4) is obtained, which is connected by a rope or chain 18 to the neighboring reef guards of the security system (Figure 5).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The artificial reef will be used throughout the shelf area trawled for rapes and turbot, fully fulfilling all the useful functions of the artificial reef with respect to demersal and pelagic ecosystems (solid substrate, food depot, hatchery, asylum). shelter, a source of larvae, micro-, meso- and macrobionts, a water filter, etc. It will also allow bottom trawls to glide freely on either side of the reef (and loot crawlers on and around the reef) rapan ), Ensuring the normal operation (incl. Production of new portions shells) of the ecosystem therein. Inner parts 4 and 5 of the reef greatly increase the efficiency of its functions, with part 4 being used for research purposes (taken aboard and returned), and part 5 usually in a suspended state, which increases overall weight and stability of the reef, allows the accumulation of shell material beneath it, and with a low silt consistency counteracts the sinking of the reef.

If necessary, a certain part of the water area is protected from bottom trawls, reefantrals are used in its area. As the trawls pass on them, the bottom steel rope of the trawl with part of the net behind it slides under extension 11, raises the return hook 10, slides over the return hooks and inserts under the arc 9, from which the hook 10 and hooks 13 do not allow getting away.

When it is necessary to protect from bottom trawls relatively submerged underwater objects (underwater bioreserves, sunken ships, archeological remains, etc.), a security system is used (Figure 5). Upon reaching the leading rope of the trawl to rope 18 of the security system, the trawl slides on it to one of the two adjacent reef guards and then along wall 1 to the trap itself. Short distances to reef guards do not provide sufficient time for adequate action to avoid meeting the traps. After that, the rappers will be forced to either abandon the trawl by cutting off its rope or attempt to release it via a diver from the trap, at the risk of waiting for an already alerted coastguard boat (stopped where stopping is prohibited) ).

Claims (4)

Patent Claims: 1. Artificial reef shaped perforated pyramid with perforated walls, characterized by slopes 60 and smaller by perforated walls 1, allowing bottom trawls to slide freely on them, with holes at their upper end for securing bottom traps trawls and metal pyramids for connection to adjacent reefs and to an internal removable or fixed part. Artificial reef according to claim 1, characterized by the openings 3 below each other in the upper part of the walls 1 for the attachment of traps consisting of a plate 6, an arc 9 with a back hook 10 and a extension 11 and bars 12 with back hooks 13. Artificial reef according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods 14, extending from the pins 8, are welded at their intersection by a vertical axis 15 with a ring 16 and pins 17, with an axis 15 being caught by a rope or chain 18 connecting the reef guard with the neighboring reef guards of the security system. Artificial reef according to claim 1, characterized by the presence between the walls 1 of an internal part with a large surface and a labyrinth which is removed 4 on board the ship or is stationary 5 (hanging or steps at the bottom).