BE607215A - - Google Patents

Description

       

   <Desc / Clms Page number 1>
 



  , "ANTIBIOTIC AND / OW PROMOTING COMPOSITION
GROWTH FOR ANIMALS **

 <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

 
 EMI2.1
 "i - .. - t,; ..> tî h ^ '8%' wri 'i -;: .... 3,' iw ,:: ..-.,.; ² n f. $ S ; T '. *.



  .;! "$$ i) fàê8oafo * é & Yàckt & pn is relative to a composition - '7 *,'. ' . ''. -. tionanti-biotioueet / o improved animal feed. rz'q ,; ,, ..: i - ;, .. -.;, 1fI1j 't; J- .. "; -. - .. '.' t; - - .. .- - -, 't "- !:"' t:! 'r "' '':! - '', '' '.' '' 'w'! ..,." ,, ... "1". "". ' not . . \ .- She "èoncë: Mië-pJ.Us:" partïcuJ.; Í.è: Nl8eàt nnec <M <food position ".f: ... &" '... r ", f"' J / .... r ... ".. 'y -.



  ./'-. . Improved animal life for rapid growth of young animals, as well as methods of combating bacteria in the digestive tract of cattle.



   The invention particularly relates to an anti-biotic and / or growth promoter composition which is edible for animals, characterized in that it comprises an edible carrier containing acrylic acid and / or a non-salt. toxic of this acid, as well as, if desired, a tetracycline antibiotic.



   A number of .volatil and young animals are raised for their flesh. This is the case for poultry, pigs, sheep, calves and other animals. What costs the most in raising animals for their flesh is the food of these animals. Every animal or bird needs a certain amount of food to stay alive, but only the food that gives rise to growth, that is, an increase in the body weight of the animal is results in an additional amount of meat. As a result, a number of supplements or feed additives have been developed which increase the growth rate of animals.

   These supplements are of particular importance for poultry and pigs because of the relatively rapid growth of these animals.



   Some antibiotics work by fighting infectious diseases and also by stimulating the growth of animals, when they are added in very limited quantities to food or to drinking water.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 3>

 



  Broad spectrum anti-biotics, such as chlortetracycline, tetracycline and oxytetracycline, have been particularly used for this purpose. However, these antibiotics are relatively expensive, while their use involves some wastage, since they are not completely absorbed from the alimentary tract. It is of the utmost importance, from a commercial point of view, to obtain compositions which will appreciably increase the effectiveness of these antibiotics.



   The present invention relates to an anti-biotic and / or edible growth promoter composition for cattle, this composition being characterized in that it comprises acrylic acid (CH2-CHCOOH) or a non-toxic salt thereof, as well as than a vehicle or support.



   In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that acrylic acid monomer and its non-toxic salts constitute excellent growth promoters.



  It is true that they must ordinarily be used in animal feeds (when used alone, '.) In greater amounts than tetracyclines for example.



  However, the additional amounts are small, compared to the very large difference in the price of the products. In any case, the amount of growth promoting agent to be added to an animal feed constitutes such a small percentage of the weight of the feed that, even when the necessary amounts are multiplied by 5 or by 10, this amount is entirely Only the price of the growth promoting agent, in comparison with its effectiveness, is of importance in animal feeds and, in this regard, the acrylic-type compounds used according to the present invention. , see a significant advantage over the growth promoters used previously.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 4>

 



   It seems that the growth promoting effect is found in the acrylic acid part of the molecule and not in the particular cation present, as long as this cation, which is commonly made up of hydrogen or a metal, is not itself. -even toxic. However, the use of certain salts, such as the sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and the like, has definite advantages over the use of the acid itself. The acid tends to polymerize in the presence of oxygen, while the salts are somewhat more acceptable to animals, although the acid can be washed away and the use of the acid is within the scope of. the present invention.

   Polymerization should be avoided, because when acrylate monomers polymerize they lose their effectiveness. For this reason, sodium acrylate is the compound whose use is preferred in the compositions according to the present invention, since this compound is stable, while being well accepted as a component of animal feed and by being as effective a growth promoter as any of the other compounds? of the acrylic acid type.



   Although the particular non-toxic cation present in the compound of the acrylic acid type is of little or no importance, and acrylic arid or its sodium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sodium, potassium, hydroxide salts can be used. calcium, etc., there is a vital condition which must be fulfilled, namely that the acrylic acid compound must be in its monomeric form. As soon as it polymerizes, its activity as a growth promoting agent and / or as an anti-biotic ceases. Acrylic acid itself tends to polymerize somewhat. in the presence of oxygen.



   Therefore, although this acid is active, it is preferred. the-salts in the compositions according to the present invention.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 5>

 



   These salts are also less irritating and give better satisfaction for administration by the oral route.



   Sodium acrylate is the preferred salt because it is the cheapest, but the invention does not exclude; not the use of other non-toxic salts. In the remainder of this specification, sodium acrylate will mainly be discussed, although the invention is not, as has already been said, not limited to the use of this salt.



   An advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that the compounds of the acrylic acid type are active both against gram-positive microorganisms and against gram-negative microorganisms. Furthermore, they are also active against certain strains of microorganisms which have become resistant to certain other antibiotics, such as penicillin, streptomycin, etc. The antibiotic activity, on a weight basis, of acrylic acid-type compounds is much lower than that of many anti-biotics, such as penicillin, tetracyclines. etc. Moreover, the low toxicity of compounds of the acrylic acid type allows the use of larger doses.

   The huge price difference between acrylic acid-type compounds and the usual anti-biotics results in high anti-biotic activity for acrylic acid-type compounds, based on their price. . When protected against polymerization, acrylic acid-type compounds, particularly els, such as sodium acrylate, are extremely stable and do not lose activity after prolonged storage.



   Furthermore, they are not particularly sensitive to moderately high temperatures, whereas some antibiotic compositions are. This is of very great practical importance, since the transport of the compositions according to the present invention is possible without having to.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 6>

 pay attention to temperature issues, as the high temperatures which are sometimes encountered in the holds of ships and which can reach 50 ° C do not cause decomposition of sodium acrylate or loss of activity of this compound. This high stability is an important practical advantage of the present invention.



   Although the acrylic acid type compounds have low toxicity, compared with that of some of the extremely strong antibiotics which have been used in the past, so that relatively large doses of the acrylic acid type compounds can be used, there are has a definite limit to this dose, because if the dose is too strong, toxic effects occur. However, an advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that the interval between the doses which are effective and the doses which are toxic is very large, so that the therapeutic index of the anti-biotic compositions according to the present invention is large. , which is very desirable.



   Therefore, these antibiotic compositions are safe to use, carried out in somewhat inexperienced hands.



   It is preferred to incorporate acrylic acid or its salt in an animal feed. This allows for the incorporation of a defined and adequate quantity, without unnecessary excess, the farmer not having to take any more care, since the feed used is supplied to animals or poultry in exactly the same way as previously. in accordance with the present invention, it is preferred to use animal feed which already contains the compounds of acrylic acid type.

   It should be noted, however, that there is no uraisen-
 EMI6.1
 binblcmendaucun chemical reaction between the con = oWç of the acrylic acid type and the other constituents of the food,
 EMI6.2
 so with the com; 's (' s of the acrvl acid type (ue must be supplied separately. However, with an exception which will be discussed later, this is a complication.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 7>

 completely unnecessary which would simply increase the cost of raising animals. The exception is the incorporation of the compounds of the acrylic acid type in the drinking water of barnyard animals, this incorporation sometimes having advantages.

   Although acrylic acid-type compounds are inexpensive, they still cost something; therefore, under certain circumstances a farmer may wish not to use the feed containing the acrylic acid compound for all of these animals. Thus, an animal used as a breeding animal does not grow tall, and in some cases a farmer may prefer to administer untreated feed to such animals. In the case of poultry and other animals, the water absorption of which is well regulated, it is therefore possible to add only the acrylic acid compound to the drinking water of the animals. which are young and are in the process of growing.



   This will usually be an exception, but in certain circumstances will provide additional savings.



   When acrylic acid-type compounds are incorporated into a food, the best results are obtained
 EMI7.1
 with 1cru to 30 <-0 ppm of acrylic acid or of a salt of this acid, in the food. The amount of the erylic acid-type compound that the nninal receives will vary depending on the amount of the compound in the food and the amount of food.
 EMI7.2
 "1nt ah adorned by the animal. Finally. The r: u;: - ntitéz of foods qli, 3indit - ti,; eq can be taken between a r-ininut of about 2n m; r prr '1 "i ''" ¯ "'ii'â A horn'S of the animal and a' J12X1:" 1UTI '' 'approximately "' ¯ -'r '; -: i10.

   The figures given above are i) ized * .q on u0tidian absorption of food and when the type '1crylif' is to be used in a drink, these figures are * 1; constitute a ('"111" ", ln c1 which coricci-nr-1 concentration to be employed.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 8>

 
 EMI8.1
 r2'J7:;: ..: t .. 3n;> aiaon de'jfê1 \ Qraec1iffncana, the .teille -; 1l (: ;; r;:;> "\ jt ...., \ .. t - i '{.. \; 1-' "ax" '', = ":. i .r4, ..,.> -.! itt: .......... ÍI '" ... ....-.... tl ... ot:. "<... r; '' '' t" "'", ...,.). <-r ...... ffI ; ' "" 4 \; 1, ctO & iaaMc e.pins? Dôestiqucst des 8, 14 1 have 'cka ...,;' 1:;. T, ry,:; -. '. - "' '¯; J: ¯ .:.:,: .., J. '.:.:' T "T:; 'f". .,. ;; ..., ..} '\ ..; -'} t:, f: \ = \ '1J.Y; ... '".



  *: ', d) 1: fÍionJ: Pl! rci ,. CepttàÍ1t; .f "when the ¯, f ;; Y, -r ....;. J; v ï '; - ¯p,:,, i yw-S,,,", -; ti, Ct "tw ve ^ R: '-.- ;. f'i' si ':' d; rm40> n # P p JJp / Ps J * & $ T? àxpvirr les r. + rßi4rv, Y .. e's T '.' # v '-, J JO. "",' j ':' - 1 '¯ *>: -' r: - <¯V4r: L gil-va e3ra are, o p1-, r. bJes. "'will understand that. "',:' '? .. 1' ... to ... Or ...,. <....." '"3,7. Y'" aurgxiâ ô? Rtaaae '.,', Ê , èàs; és; Figures'i1:; .- '.âéa. y '' '' .. r elïf, 6c 'ex sel on. the size, from 'a.' '1' on & f- -f- ':, - .'-, ..- ".,.: -' .. \ .1 J .. '' ...,, x;.;. ,,, $ compares' -.- '.. - -,. young poras,?' compares 4-5 week old chicken to young pigs, v. T the difference in body pods can be around 50 per
1.

   However, there is only a small difference in the minimum effective dose, based on body weight. In the case of chickens this dose is about 40 mg per kg, while in the case of young pigs some results can be obtained even with doses of 20 to 25 mg per kg only, although the results do not are not optimal. Slightly lower minimum doses are possible with even larger animals, but the limit is around 10 mg per kilo.

   It is assumed that the reason for this difference in the lower dose limit is that the area of the disgstive susyema in relation to body weight is much larger in pdlets than in larger domestic animals, the lower limit the dose being, to a certain extent, a function of the surface concentration.



   Although the toxicity of acrylic acid-type compounds is low, there is a limit beyond which serious toxic effects are encountered. In the case of chickens, the lethal dose is about 20 g per kilogram. However, since the therapeutic results do not increase appreciably, when a certain point has been reached, an upper limit of about
300 to 500 mg per kilo is, in practice, the maximum cover-slip dose an additional beneficial effect is obtained.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 9>

 
 EMI9.1
 



  , e 'bzz% .. .i # hA! âwGralt! '^ kÂ: t ponés "' dxî type / ars Eil 'c> <., .D8Ipo". "ype, hitéaats .s dares pa: r" kilo. which -hy- r solttblé.d, Iaâihe "^ -, ¯'ë. # i1 ± atés 'oonforaément la e'. Yë, Qon: .r \ p.,. que'-special and im- potant. When '.'dè <iJ: achdÜf.a1-: a are composed of ...-,' -domestic animals, such as do.estiques, '1' coapr, ;; 4ëa.; P18âWt domestic, such that the garlic '- *' - i'j * c s -''- poultry acid, it is 'soipçïa'rv sâaitiè3aab', s7dtintroduce acrylic acid or its salt;? Iîâ li4ates of beverage. constitutes mode ...... "J. .t ...; '\ 0 "'" (II "'......; v! ..

   Can beploped a mode of adainitJt.aoa: "'.; 8Üaplei which can. 8 be. Applied; yN a .., Y¯, k 1 A ^ by any asrJi <M'l be possible dt aciminis ter ... ', 1 #; 1 wJ:, 6:'. 1 [.; ' '""' t "t.).: ... ter the composition 'saïwnt 1.'iDftDtioD) ..in mixed with ali-'. ': .. 4 ....;": J. .-.:; "" i. '-'- ments, and that this mode of administration falls within the scope of the present invention, the solubility in water of the salts of acrylic acid makes them particularly suitable. for incorporation in the drinking water of domestic animals During prolonged treatment, for example in the case of chronic infections of low intensity, administration in the feed is advantageous.

   These mode of administration are less suitable for the rapid treatment of acute infections. An advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that the water-soluble anti-biotics can be used just as well in drinking water or in other aqueous media as in animal feed.



   A very important condition of the present invention is that the acrylic acid type moiety of the antibiotic and / or growth promoter composition cannot be allowed to polymerize to a wide extent.

   While the salts are relatively stable

 <Desc / Clms Page number 10>

 with respect to polymerization ,. acrylic acid itself
 EMI10.1
 ), "I., <." ('/ ..' * '/ - r .., k, polymerizes more easily and egt, therefore much less desirable .. 1:.;.', '".' are, of a '-, w importance for the preparation, of antibiotic and / or pro 04 '".,. 1 r ti: -" ... "these" r "' '' '' '" ..t. r ";"'. ..² {1 ... 1- .1 I-.p .. \ both growth drivers according to the present'invention, being '' ./;''"---4 "jI + ,, J ... ., ...... t :: ('(..... 1 ;; .. given that they C011 $ t: ± tuen' .1e, .means the most comfortable and the most common effective in delivering the composition to the planet, especially in the drinking water.



   Another reason why water solubility of acrylic acid salts is an important feature of the antibiotic and / or growth promoter composition is that water solubility is vital for oral administration. The digestive tract constitutes an aqueous medium and the water-soluble salts are, therefore, particularly effective for this use.
 EMI10.2
 



  The inhibitricéx'ia3.muav concentration of sodium acrylate, compared to more potent antibiotics, is expressed in mg, rather than micrograms. However, acrylate salts are potentiated by acids in the acid digestive pathways. Therefore, the invivo activity is usually greater than the in vitro activity. The effect of an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions, which gives rise to a potentiation is revealed by the following Table I.



   As can be seen from this table, a decrease of one unit in pH gives rise to an increase in activity which can be increased tenfold. This is important in the intestine and gizzard of an animal whose pH can often be between 3 and 6.5 (which is also the case for poultry).

   

 <Desc / Clms Page number 11>

 
TABLE I MINIMUM INHIBITRICB CONCENTRATION
 EMI11.1
 
<tb> pH <SEP> Bscherichia <SEP> Salmonella <SEP> Staphylococcus <SEP> Staphylococcus
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Coli <SEP> typhimurum <SEP> aurens <SEP> faecalis
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 4.5 <SEP> - <SEP> 0.218
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 5.0 <SEP> 0.019 <SEP> 0.281 <SEP> 0.101
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 5.5 <SEP> 0.039 <SEP> 0.312 <SEP> - <SEP> 0.117
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 6.0 <SEP> 0.078 <SEP> 0.374 <SEP> 0.133 <SEP> 0.158
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 6.5 <SEP> 1.75 <SEP> 0.531 <SEP> 0.687 <SEP> 0.281
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 7.0 <SEP> 3.0 <SEP> 0.813 <SEP> 1.062 <SEP> 0.687
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 7.5 <SEP> 5.0 <SEP> 1.259 <SEP> 2.250 <SEP> 1.375
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 8.0 <SEP> 11.0 <SEP> 1.875 <SEP> 3.0 <SEP> 2.375
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 8.5 <SEP> 13.0 <SEP> - <SEP> 3,

  75 <SEP> 6,000
<tb>
 
Since antibiotics, such as those of the tetracycline type, have been used in animal feed, the cost of these feeds has increased, due to the price of antibiotics. However, because these antibiotics have been shown to be extremely effective in increasing animal growth, the increase in the price of feed was readily accepted by farmers, due to the improvement achieved in feedstock. growth rate and c4 as regards the use of food by the young.



  However, it would be highly desirable to have an adjuvant which is readily available, inexpensive and non-toxic and which increases the activity of tetracycline type antibiotics. The increase in activity means either an increase in the bactericidal activity of the antibiotic or an increase in its ability to stimulate growth in animals.



   It has been found that this most desirable object is achieved by combining an antibiotic of the tetracyclin type, that is to say any form with antimicrobial activity of the antibiotics which are tetracycline, cMortetracycline. , oxytetracycline, demethylchlortetracycline, as well as structurally related substances, with acrylic acid monomer.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 12>

 



   Such compositions are eminently suitable for administration to domestic animals in food, in water or directly as medicinal agents.



   The Applicant has discovered - and the invention is based on this discovery - that acrylic acid and the non-toxic and water-soluble salts of this acid, such as the sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium salts, are very effective, not only in that they significantly increase the bactericidal effect of the antibiotic of the tetracycline type, but also in that they appreciably increase the growth stimulating effect of the antibiotic @@ du. tetracycline type.



   Improvements from the point of view of growth. obtained using an antibiotic of the tetracycline type with acrylic acid, according to the present invention, have been observed for both hens and young pigs. On the other hand, when the novel compositions of the present invention are used, the amount of feed needed for a one pound weight gain is significantly reduced.



   It has also been observed that, in infections caused by microorganisms of the fluoro-pneumonia type which are ordinarily referred to as PPLO and which, as is known, constitute the main etiological agent of chronic respiratory diseases in poultry, this infection is combated. more effectively when the composition according to the present invention is used than when the tetracycline antibiotic is employed alone. the-
Any of the commercially available and commonly employed tetracycline antibiotics including tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, demethylchlortetracycline, etc. can be used together with acrylic acid.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 13>

 



  However, it is preferred to use chlortetracycline, because this antibiotic is already widely used as an additive of choice for animal feed and because this antibiotic is probably more effective than some other tetracycline antibiotics.



   The tetracycline antibiotic is preferably present in the composition according to the invention in an amount of about 50 to 250 parts per million, based on the weight of the food, the optimum amount being around 100 parts per million. Acrylic acid or a salt thereof is preferably used in amounts ranging from about 100 to 3000 parts per million, optimum results being obtained with 500 to 1000 parts per million, based on the weight of the food.



   The specific examples given below further describe the invention. Parts are given by weight, unless otherwise indicated, in these examples. Examples 1 to 8 illustrate the use of acrylic acid and / or a non-toxic salt of this acid alone. The following examples illustrate the use of acrylic acid or a non-toxic salt thereof in conjunction with an antibiotic of the tetracyclin type.



   A poultry feed commonly used for growing chickens is designated under the name "S-49h" has the following composition:

 <Desc / Clms Page number 14>

 TABLE II
 EMI14.1
 
<tb> Ingredient <SEP>%
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Sucrose <SEP> 60.4
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Casein <SEP> 20.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Gelatin <SEP> 8.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> <SEP> Calcium <SEP> Gluconate <SEP> 5.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Mixture <SEP> of <SEP> salts <SEP> 1 <SEP> 2.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Ash <SEP> of bone <SEP> 2.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Vitamins <SEP> in <SEP> cerelosis <SEP> 1.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Cystine <SEP> 0,

  4
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Choline <SEP> <SEP> Choline <SEP> 0.2
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Vitamins <SEP> A, <SEP> D <SEP> and <SEP> in <SEP> oil <SEP> from <SEP> but <SEP> 1.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Folic acid <SEP> <SEP> 5 <SEP> mg / kg
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Biotin <SEP> 0.2 <SEP> mg; kg
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Vitamin <SEP> B12 <SEP> 50 <SEP> mcgm / kg
<tb>
 A second standard type feed for chickens known under the name n Diet 288 "has the following composition:

   
 EMI14.2
 
<tb> Flat <SEP> 4 <SEP> 288
<tb>
<tb> Mats <SEP> yellow <SEP> 62.0%
<tb>
<tb> Soy <SEP> <SEP> flour <SEP> 20,%
<tb>
<tb> Flour <SEP> of <SEP> gluten <SEP> of <SEP> but <SEP> 5.0%
<tb>
<tb> Meal <SEP> of <SEP> fish <SEP> of <SEP> Menhaden <SEP> 5.0%
<tb>
<tb> Solubles <SEP> from <SEP> distillers <SEP> 2.5%
<tb>
<tb> Alfalfa <SEP> flour <SEP> 2.0%
<tb>
<tb> Calcite <SEP> (<SEP> stone <SEP> calcae) <SEP> 2.0%
<tb>
<tb> Flour <SEP> of gold <SEP> treated <SEP> to <SEP> the <SEP> steam <SEP> 1.5%
<tb>
<tb> Chloride <SEP> of <SEP> sodium <SEP> 0.5%
<tb>
<tb> Choline <SEP> from <SEP> choline <SEP> to <SEP> 25% <SEP> 0.1%
<tb>
<tb> Mixture <SEP> of <SEP> vitamins <SEP> 0.1%
<tb>
<tb> Vitamins <SEP> A <SEP> and <SEP> D <SEP> (10,000-2,000) <SEP> 0.1%
<tb>
<tb> Profactor <SEP> - <SEP> 10 <SEP> 0,

  05%
<tb>
<tb> Delamix <SEP> & <SEP> 2% <SEP> zinc <SEP> 0.1%
<tb>
 

 <Desc / Clms Page number 15>

 
Each of the two foods was divided into 4 fractions, one of which served as a control and the other 3 of which were respectively added 100 ppm. of sodium acrylate, 330 ppm. of sodium acrylate and 1000 ppm. sodium acrylate. Chickens of the "white rock" type were fed with the 8 feeds in question, in the form of separate groups, for 4 weeks.



   The results of the test, from the point of view of growth, are given in the following table:
TABLE III
 EMI15.1
 
<tb> 25 <SEP> days
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> average <SEP> weight <SEP> in
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> grams
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Food <SEP> # <SEP> 288 <SEP> 322
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Food <SEP> + <SEP> 100 <SEP> ppm <SEP> of acrylate <SEP> of <SEP> sodium <SEP> 341
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Food <SEP> + <SEP> 333 <SEP> ppm <SEP> of acrylate <SEP> of <SEP> sodium <SEP> 352
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Food <SEP> + <SEP> 1000 <SEP> ppm <SEP> of acrylate <SEP> of <SEP> sodium <SEP> 356
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Food <SEP> # <SEP> S-49 <SEP> 261
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Food <SEP> + <SEP> 100 <SEP> pp <SEP> acrylate <SEP> of <SEP> sodium <SEP> 283
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Food <SEP> + <SEP> 333 <SEP> ppm

  <SEP> <SEP> sodium <SEP> acrylate <SEP> 277
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Food <SEP> + <SEP> 1000 <SEP> ppm <SEP> acrylate <SEP> of <SEP> sodium <SEP> 300
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Food <SEP> + <SEP> 3000 <SEP> ppm <SEP> acrylate <SEP> of <SEP> sodium <SEP> 295
<tb>
 
It will be appreciated that even with a dose of only 100 ppm of sodium acrylate, an increase in the growth rate was obtained, but a maximum was reached at about 1000 ppm.



   EXAMPLE 2
A staple feed for pigs was prepared having the following composition:
 EMI15.2
 
<tb> But <SEP> yellow <SEP> mold <SEP> 1518 <SEP> books
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Waste <SEP> of <SEP> meat <SEP> and <SEP> of bone <SEP> 50 <SEP> "
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> <SEP> soy flour <SEP> <SEP> 350 <SEP> n
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Alfalfa flour <SEP> <SEP> 17Ó <SEP> -
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Small <SEP> Dried <SEP> milk <SEP> 50
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Bone meal <SEP> <SEP> treated <SEP> to <SEP> the <SEP> steam <SEP> 10
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Stone <SEP> limestone <SEP> ground <SEP> 12
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Iodized <SEP> salt <SEP> 10
<tb>
 To a ton of feed, we added the following premix

 <Desc / Clms Page number 16>

 Vitamin A 4,000,000 units
 EMI16.1
 800,000 "800-000 gijpf attgedq. Vitamins pounds Vitamin B12 10 age.



  Mineral blend 2 pounds Zinc 50 grams
 EMI16.2
 '' - .. 3: the mixture of vitamin alix had the following oosposltion: Mixture of vitamins (supplied per ton of ration)
 EMI16.3
 Riboflavin ';' \ 4: 1l '<1' / ....., ........ - Panthothnic acid 8 Miacin 18 g Choline chloride 20 g Folic acid 120 g The mineral mixture had the following composition per tonne of feed: Manganese 27 mg Iron 9 mg Iodine 0.55 mg Copper 0.9 mg Zinc 0.02 mg Cobalt 0.09 mg
The pig feed was divided into 4 fractions, one fraction of which constituted a control fraction and of which the other three were respectively added 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm of sodium acrylate.

   These feeds were fed to young pigs weighing an average of 29 pounds for 14 days and the weight gains were stark. The amount of food was also rated as a function of weight gain, which indicates the effectiveness of the use of the food. The results obtained are given in the following table:

   
TABLE IV
 EMI16.4
 
<tb> Acrylate <SEP> Gain <SEP> of <SEP>% <SEP> off <SEP> control <SEP> Food /
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> added <SEP> average <SEP> weight <SEP> gain <SEP> of <SEP> weight
<tb>
<tb> books
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> none <SEP> 12.6 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 2.31
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 500 <SEP> ppm <SEP> 15.4 <SEP> 122 <SEP> 2.10
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 1000 <SEP> ppm <SEP> 14.4 <SEP> 114 <SEP> 2.21
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 2000 <SEP> ppm <SEP> 13.5 <SEP> 107 <SEP> 2.23
<tb>
 

 <Desc / Clms Page number 17>

 
 EMI17.1
 7 "" '",, o;" i) p' {k. >, 1. pigs, the results i <'- - * 4J' ï $ j # & $ && $ * g '? ## *' '*. # I'. .! 1, ... <, t optima 80D t. ,>! \.,., der, ^ aaités d.arTate sodium t, -; ; oo 13; ti / nfri '<itt40P> t 1000 MMt ,, 3.W results' /:;;.ovah4r rq:': 1 ': i; Ol "" "", -'.; \ ',, ""' 11 \ -:, 1J, -.,. TJi "" '... ,, f -l,. '):' 8r ":

   quantities of ar, .la1oe de '-./''j Ç% ii ,, 7h,. ^ "e' .. e: y, .s 'Y ..'. y.; ^ a. <" ,, 1- sodium plus 'êlè ... 6es ...:', '..,', '' '* /'; :: ² ..:., -!; ... 4. '' 'T;' '. : 7 ...,., -,;. * ", t '' '*,),; .'...) :.. I $. <. ß <" m. , '' "',, .."; jScYwi.levS4i, 5-6, ^ ......



  # -,; ,, -'v; . '; h, ';, a I opéiâ, aus.: 1 riexasplé "â: by feeding the pigs for 28. days .. The following Table V gives an account of the results obtained! TABLBAU V
 EMI17.2
 
<tb> Acrylate <SEP> added <SEP> Gain <SEP> of <SEP> weight <SEP> average / pounds <SEP>% <SEP> of <SEP> control
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> none <SEP> 24.6 <SEP> 100
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 500 <SEP> ppx <SEP> 30.5 <SEP> 124
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 1000 <SEP> ppm <SEP> 31.3 <SEP> 127
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 2000 <SEP> ppm <SEP> 26.9 <SEP> 109
<tb>
 
It will be noted that, as in Example 2, there is a decrease in action when 1000 ppm sodium acrylate is used. However, a concentration of 1000 ppm gave slightly better results than a concentration of 500 ppm, while the converse is true in Table III.

   This confirms that for pigs the optimum is somewhere between 500 and 1000 ppm and that larger amounts are less satisfactory. The results obtained with the hens indicate that there is no decrease in activity up to a dose of more than about 30 ppm.



   The present invention will also be illustrated in more detail in specific examples giving a bacterial spectrum in vitro, as well as by examples giving the results in vivo. It will be noted that the compositions containing compounds of the acrylic acid type can be in fairly concentrated form or can be administered as a mixture with the food absorbed by the animal or bird.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 18>

 
 EMI18.1
 



  For the \ to1UW: dè ': l.ca.p1; aUoa by the animal on the bird' and 't'} ..a ......... 1 ..-... C ( -., ..: t .... "" r "',." ponr les personaes "and at tid' <'sappl''Mtmtairw, for persons., r. / d', ', ..' r'Y 'y' d'r'1 tiCi wx,; q of the non-eXp.fiIëiit medium antibiotic, ", -: ß.

   By ..:, ... J \ .4 "'\ r /' \ ((',": + préewte dsa aïrantagea. Elsewhere,' in the case of acute infections * the cost and, in '... ..? / - it .b \ 1 /;,; \ "; ,,: /} r" Jt "'a ao1JU'treA ¯e..carao1; 4riat1cpe. of food storage, L" ': "' S ;: '' tt8 .." Va .'Y- - .. of the actual intention of da:! I '{j!> Tai1;' f-², .f èîlé is extremely flexible and that the Oj .. t J ... '! "r, .f'hYrv: t,'. veterinarian or pharmacist can, in each case, choose the best composition.



   EXAMPLE 4
Sodium acrylate was tested in vitro, determining the minimum concentration to produce the minimum inhibitory cone. The results obtained are collated in the following table:
TABLE VI
Antibacterial spectrum of sodium acrylate
 EMI18.2
 
<tb> Test <SEP> organism <SEP> C8ne <SEP> inhibitor
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> minimal <SEP> mg / ml.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>



  Pasteurella <SEP> multocida <SEP> 0.012
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Staphylococcus <SEP> aureas <SEP> 0.039 <SEP> to <SEP> 2.5
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Corynebacterium <SEP> pseudodiphteriticua <SEP> 0.042
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Salmonella <SEP> galingrum <SEP> 0.16
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Arizona <SEP> paracolon <SEP> 0.16
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Bacillus <SEP> pumilus <SEP> 0.19
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Streptococcus <SEP> faecalis <SEP> 0.24
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Mycobacterium <SEP> phlei <SEP> 0.24
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Streptococcus <SEP> agalactiae <SEP> 0.31
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Mycobacterium <SEP> smegmatis <SEP> 0.35
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Sarcina <SEP> ureae <SEP> 0.40
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Corynebacterium <SEP> paurometabolum <SEP> 0,

  46
<tb>
 

 <Desc / Clms Page number 19>

 
 EMI19.1
 
<tb> Streptococcus <SEP> pyogenea <SEP> 0.60
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Pseubaonas <SEP> aeruginosa <SEP> 0.73
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Salmonella <SEP> paratyphi <SEP> A <SEP> 0.94
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Alcaligenes <SEP> faecalie <SEP> 0.99
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Salmonella <SEP> enteritidis <SEP> 1.25
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Escherichia <SEP> coli <SEP> 1.25 <SEP> to <SEP> 5.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Proteus <SEP> vulgaris <SEP> 1.25
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Salmonella <SEP> typhimurium <SEP> 1.63
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Brucella <SEP> abortus <SEP> 1.75
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Salmonella <SEP> pullorum <SEP> 2.12
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Candida <SEP> albicans <SEP> 2,

  37
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Mycococcus <SEP> spp. <SEP> 2.75
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Micrococcus <SEP> spp. <SEP> 3.25
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Escherichia <SEP> freundi <SEP> 3.75
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Sarcina <SEP> lutea <SEP> 4.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Bacillus <SEP> tinaklensis <SEP> 5.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Proteus <SEP> rettgeri <SEP> 5.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Pseudomonas <SEP> fluorescens <SEP> 6.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Klebsiella <SEP> pneumoniae <SEP> 7,5
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Virbio <SEP> fetus <SEP> 8.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Sarnina <SEP> flava <SEP> 9.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Proteus <SEP> morganii <SEP> 10.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Proteum <SEP> mirabilis <SEP> 10,

  0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Corynebacterium <SEP> hoagii <SEP> 12.0
<tb>
 
EXAMPLE 5
The efficacy of 1000 ppm sodium acrylate in chicken feed with regard to intestinal bacteria has been tested. Escherichia coli was chosen as the microorganism. The hens were divided into two groups, one of which served as a control and the other of which received sodium acrylate. In each case, the average number of bacteria was determined in one gram of the organ in question.



  The results shown in the following table:

 <Desc / Clms Page number 20>

 TABLE VII
 EMI20.1
 
<tb> Body <SEP> Control <SEP> processed <SEP> at average <SEP>
<tb>
 
 EMI20.2
 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ d 'Acrylate
 EMI20.3
 
<tb> crop <SEP> 1,25 <SEP> x <SEP> 107 <SEP> less <SEP> of <SEP> 2 <SEP> x <SEP> 103
<tb>
<tb> gizzard <SEP> 2 <SEP> x <SEP> 10 <SEP> 3 <SEP> "<SEP>" <SEP> 3 <SEP> x <SEP> 10 <SEP> 2
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Duodenum <SEP> 1 <SEP> x <SEP> 106 <SEP> "<SEP>" <SEP> 4 <SEP> x <SEP> 10 <SEP> 2
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Ileum <SEP> previous <SEP> 5 <SEP> x <SEP> 105 <SEP> "<SEP>" <SEP> 3 <SEP> x <SEP> 10 <SEP> 2
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Ileum <SEP> later <SEP> 3 <SEP> x <SEP> 106 <SEP> n <SEP> "<SEP> 7 <SEP> x <SEP> 102
<tb>
 
It will be noted that, except in the case of the gizzard, where the / organisms were very few,

   acrylate produces an enormous decrease in the concentration of bacteria. Even in the case of the gizzard, the decrease reaches a factor of about 7.



   EXAMPLE 6
A series of approximately 4 to 5 weeks old pdulets were divided into 4 groups. The first group of chickens did not undergo any treatment and neither were they infected.



   Mortality was zero in this group. The second group of chickens was infected with PPLO microorganisms. Mortality reached 95% after 25 days. The third group was also infected with the same amount of PPLO microorganisms, but the chickens in this group were given 50 mg per kg of sodium acrylate per day, mixed with their food. In this group, the mortality was 35%.



   It should be noted that apparently PPLO organisms are extremely sensitive to sodium acrylate, as a dose of only 25 mg / kg has been sufficient, while for most other microorganisms 40 to 5 mg per kg are required for get good results.



   EXAMPLE 7
A series of young pigs weighing an average of 29 pounds and suffering from a weak but widespread infection of the intestinal flora were divided into two groups. Pigs in one group received 20 mg per kg for 14 days

 <Desc / Clms Page number 21>

 per day of sodium acrylate, while pigs in the other group served as control. Pigs given sodium acrylate were found to have a weight gain of 22% greater than that of control animals, indicating that complete control of unwanted gut flora was achieved in the control group. the treated animals.



   This assay demonstrates the ability of sodium acrylate to combat small-scale infection as opposed to acute and fatal infections of PPLO microorganisms in hens. Since the infection was not severe, none of the pigs in the control group died and the effectiveness of sodium acrylate was therefore determined by the improved weight gain.



   EXAMPLE 8
The operation was carried out as in Example 4, using other acrylates, namely potassium acrylate, calcium acrylate, magnesium acrylate and zinc acrylate. Within the limits of experimental errors, the results are essentially the same. In many cases, excellent infection control is noted.



    EXAMPLE 9
A poultry feed containing adequate amounts of all known nutrients necessary for the growth of animals and referred to as "casein and sucrose feed" has the following composition:
Casein and sucrose based chicken feed
 EMI21.1
 
<tb> Ingredient <SEP>%.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>



  Sucrose <SEP> 60.4
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Casein <SEP> 20.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Gelatin <SEP> 8.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> <SEP> Calcium <SEP> Gluconate <SEP> 5.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Mixture <SEP> mineral <SEP> 2.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Ash <SEP> of bone <SEP> 2.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Viatmines <SEP> in <SEP> cerelose <SEP> 1.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Cystine <SEP> 0.4
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Choline <SEP> <SEP> Choline <SEP> 0.2
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Vitamins <SEP> A, <SEP> D, <SEP> and <SEP> E <SEP> in <SEP> oil <SEP> from <SEP> maize <SEP> 0.1
<tb>
 

 <Desc / Clms Page number 22>

 Folia acid 5 mg./kg Biotin 0.2 mg./kg Vitamin B12 50 mcgm / kg * Containing riboflavin, niacin, calcium pantothenate, thiamine chloride and menadione bisulfate.



   The feed was divided into four fractions, one of which served as a control and each of the others was respectively supplemented with 100 ppm chlortetracycline, 100xppm tetracyline and 100 ppm oxytetracycline.



  To each of the three fractions in question, 333 ppm and 1000 ppm, respectively, of sodium acrylate were also added.



   Chickens of the "white rock" type were fed with these feeds for 25 days, after being divided into groups each comprising 12 animals. The results obtained, from the point of view of growth, are given in the following table:
TABLE A
 EMI22.1
 
<tb> Antibiotic <SEP> of the <SEP> type
<tb>
<tb> @@ <SEP> Tetracycline <SEP> from <SEP> yype
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 100 <SEP> ppm <SEP> of feed
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Acrylate <SEP> of <SEP> Nil <SEP> CTC1 <SEP> TC2 <SEP> OTC3 <SEP> 25 <SEP> days.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> sodium <SEP> in <SEP> g. <SEP> g <SEP> g. <SEP> g.

   <SEP> average <SEP> weight <SEP> in
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> food <SEP> grams.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> ppm
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Control <SEP> 279 <SEP> 309 <SEP> 305 <SEP> 327 <SEP> 305
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 333 <SEP> 261 <SEP> 337 <SEP> 329 <SEP> 326 <SEP> 312
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 1000 <SEP> 300 <SEP> 338 <SEP> 317 <SEP> 326 <SEP> 320
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Average <SEP> 280 <SEP> 328 <SEP> 315 <SEP> 326 <SEP> 312
<tb>
 1CTC = chlortetracycline 2TC = tetracycline 3OTC = oxytetracycline
Note that sodium acrylate increased growth at a concentration of 1000 ppm. This salt produced an appreciable increase in growth in the presence of 100 parts per million chlortetracycline, both at the concentration of 333 ppm and at the concentration of 1000 ppm.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 



  An appreciable potentiation of oxyteteracycline and tetracycline by sodium acrylate has also been observed.



   EXAMPLE 10
The above example was repeated with other groups of 12 "white rock" hens, using various salts of acrylic acid as dietary supplements, in combination with chlortetracycline. The results obtained from the point of view of growth , are given in the following table:
TABLE B
 EMI23.1
 
<tb> Chlortetracycline <SEP> <SEP> salt <SEP> 25 <SEP> days
<tb>
<tb> acrylic <SEP> average <SEP> weight <SEP> in
<tb>
<tb> to <SEP> 500 <SEP> ppm <SEP> Nil <SEP> 100 <SEP> ppm <SEP> grams
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> g. <SEP> g.
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>



  Control <SEP> 260 <SEP> 262 <SEP> 261
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Sodium <SEP> 269 <SEP> 300 <SEP> 286
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Potassium <SEP> 245 <SEP> 293 <SEP> 269
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Magnesuum <SEP> 264 <SEP> 298 <SEP> 281
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Calcium <SEP> 236 <SEP> 285 <SEP> 260
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Average <SEP> 250 <SEP> 284 <SEP> 267
<tb>
 
It should be noted that the sodium and magnesium salts of acrylic acid gave an appreciable overall increase in growth. The sodium, potassium and magnesium salts gave an increase in growth in the presence of 100 ppm of chlortetracycline. the calcium salt potentiates the chlortetracycline as does the zinc salt to a lesser degree.



   EXAMPLE 11
The operation was carried out as in Example 9, using several groups of 12 “white rock” hens and using various esters of acrylic acid, in combination with chlortetracycline. The results obtained, as regards the growth of the animals, are given in the following table:

 <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 
 EMI24.1
 .; - \ 1 ,, '; t'L ::'.;, Mms # ST: *) !. "; -...- hs;:;
 EMI24.2
 .MtT.qM;

   XII 100 ppm Pol ïËmmfc: 1'- ##.,. 7 ^ '** ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ *' '* ##'% - t
 EMI24.3
 
<tb> Food <SEP> from <SEP> base <SEP> '<SEP> 225 <SEP> 258 <SEP> 241
<tb>
 
 EMI24.4
 ,, cry''é de- no di un 260 294 277 l ato'de 252 273 # 1 273 262 #. # 0Îd * iacryliqtte-; ¯ - "ni
 EMI24.5
 
<tb> glacial <SEP> 259 <SEP> 286 <SEP> 272
<tb>
<tb> Acrylate <SEP> ethyl <SEP> 225 <SEP> 285 <SEP> 255
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Butyl <SEP> Acrylate <SEP> <SEP> 234 <SEP> 279 <SEP> 257
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Acrylate <SEP> of ethyl
<tb>
<tb> hexyle <SEP> 241 <SEP> 264 <SEP> 253
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Acrylate <SEP> from <SEP> m-
<tb>
<tb> thyle <SEP> glacial <SEP> 225 <SEP> 272 <SEP> 248
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Acrylate <SEP> from
<tb>
<tb> methyl <SEP> 252 <SEP> 251 <SEP> 251
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Chlortetracycline
<tb>
<tb> average <SEP> 241 <SEP> 273
<tb>
 
It will be observed that sodium acrylate has a remarkable effect,

   in that it appreciably increases the growth of chickens both in the presence and in the absence of chlortetracycline. Although the various other esters are interesting, they do not give as good a result as that obtained with the sodium salt.



   EXAMPLE 12
A series of white rock chickens were divided into 10 groups of 12 animals each. Eight groups of animals were inoculated with PPPPLO microorganisms (microorganisms of the puro-pneumonia -Mycoplasma galliseticum type. These controls were also inoculated with these iroorganisms The food supplements containing the base ration of Example 9 were administered continuously during the test period.

   The effect of sodium acrylate and chlortetracycline on infested animals is shown in the following table:

 <Desc / Clms Page number 25>

 
 EMI25.1
 .?, ç,;:.,! ^ v'ts. ';; e ,. ".; aßisfh 'w'y', N '.i .....:'" ¯1: '(:. "W.,: 2.j:.; r, Sa! f ¯¯4.¯ ; 9 ". '." ¯¯.m..¯ ¯.: 1a1'dwé.C', ....: .. ¯, -. ':'.,. T ...'.... .... '; ..,' inva '.- ¯
 EMI25.2
 
<tb> from <SEP> departure
<tb>
 
 EMI25.3
 BâsSjjacSc # itletO; # - .''- 298 '' - 83> '51 CTC, e, 100 -' "" î .- 'r #### ...-'.... inÓéuiè $ ::' '. * W "319 40 191 Acrylatel.de sodiù ;; - î.>:

   to 500,.: pp. "; Ócu; t.f ':':": '49 "33 269
 EMI25.4
 
<tb> CTC <SEP> 100 <SEP> ppm <SEP> + <SEP> acrylate
<tb>
<tb> from <SEP> sodium <SEP> to
<tb>
<tb> 500 <SEP> ppa-inoculated <SEP> 342 <SEP> 20 <SEP> 274
<tb>
 It should be noted that chlortetracycline, when
 EMI25.5
 is used alone at "',,' ÓÍ1c, r.àUori.:; d.Ó"; J.: OO pp8, does not allow ': "'. 'ft..i ;;;"'; Y "4I ' .I: ',, (""' \\ .... '' 'i ;; l,' '' '' 4.i ': w' ''} '' '' t ';.



  '. . ' '' '' '' 'z - "" t, ..:.-..., I;,: -' ,; ': r ... r} ...' - 1 J} tf.:J '"' r '" not to fight llinï'éâtiôühëy'Icte; 1¯', p. ^ a of wediom "7- '!:." r '' T, 2A '".' r" '' f; au "L: Zi, É" e4, P; ", i: 'T"' used alone for reasoncië..500, paxtieaxpârriül3, iorn adoaaé results slightly better than those obtained with chlortetracycline alone used at a concentration of 100 parts per million. However, the use of 500 ppm sodium acrylate and 100 ppm chlortetracyoline provides good infection control.



   EXAMPLES 12 and 13
A basic feed for pigs was prepared having the following composition:
 EMI25.6
 
<tb> Ingredient
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> But <SEP> ground <SEP> 77.15
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Oats <SEP> derasé <SEP> o
<tb>
<tb> Sucrose <SEP> 0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> <SEP> soy flour <SEP> <SEP> (44%) <SEP> 16.25
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Waste <SEP> of <SEP> meat <SEP> and <SEP> of bone <SEP> (50%) <SEP> 2.5
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Skimmed <SEP> milk <SEP> dried <SEP> 0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Flour <SEP> of <SEP> fish <SEP> 0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Small <SEP> Dried <SEP> milk <SEP> 2.5
<tb>
<tb> Flour <SEP> from bone <SEP> treated <SEP> to <SEP> the <SEP> steam <SEP> 0.5
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Stone <SEP> limestone <SEP> ground <SEP> 0.6
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Salt <SEP> iodized <SEP> 0,

  5
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Vitamins <SEP> - <SEP> mixture <SEP> of <SEP> minerals <SEP> in
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> traces <SEP> @ <SEP> +
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> TOTAL <SEP> 100.0
<tb>
   @ Per pound of food:

 <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 
 EMI26.1
 line. = 2opQ Iû Choline chloride 10 ag
 EMI26.2
 
<tb> Vitamin <SEP> @ <SEP> 400 <SEP> IU <SEP> Manganese <SEP> 27 <SEP> mg
<tb>
<tb> Viatmine <SEP> B12 <SEP> 57 <SEP> Iron <SEP> 9 <SEP> mg
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Miaciue <SEP> 9 <SEP> mg <SEP> ioda <SEP> 0.5 <SEP> mg
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Eiboflavin <SEP> 2 <SEP> mg <SEP> Copper <SEP> 0.0 <SEP> mg
<tb>
<tb> Pebtothenate <SEP> of <SEP> Ca <SEP> Zinc <SEP> 10 <SEP> mg
<tb>
<tb> 4 <SEP> mg
<tb>
<tb> Aocide <SEP> folic <SEP> 60 <SEP> r <SEP> Cobalt <SEP> 0.09 <SEP> mg
<tb>
   ',

   . {Two tests were carried out on crossbreed se-Tria pigs weighing about 28 pounds. The pigs were randomly assigned to 16 pens. In the test of Example 12 there were 6 pigs per pen and in the test of Example 13 there were 8 pigs per pen. The tests were carried out for 70 days, using the above food as the base ration in each of the two tests. In one of the treatments, neither chlortetracycline nor sodium acrylate was used. In another treatment, 50 ppm of chlor-tetracycline and 0 ppm of sodium acrylate were used. In the third treatment, chlortetracycline was not used, but 1000 ppm sodium acrylate was used.

   In the final work-up, 50 ppm chlortetracycline and 1000 ppm sodium acrylate were used. The results obtained, from the point of view of growth, are given in the following table:
TABLE E
 EMI26.3
 
<tb> Acrylate <SEP> of <SEP> sodium <SEP> Chlortetracycline <SEP> - <SEP> ppm <SEP> in <SEP> food
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> in <SEP> food <SEP> books <SEP> base <SEP> books <SEP>% <SEP> base <SEP> 50 <SEP>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> ppm <SEP> test <SEP> n
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Nil <SEP> 5 <SEP> 1.24 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 1.40 <SEP> 113
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 6 <SEP> 0.90 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 1.34 <SEP> 149
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> average <SEP> 1.07 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 1.37 <SEP> 128
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 1000 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 1.32 <SEP> 106 <SEP> 1.58 <SEP> 127
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 6 <SEP> 1.18 <SEP> 131 <SEP> 1,

  51 <SEP> 168
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> average <SEP> 1.25 <SEP> 117 <SEP> 1.55 <SEP> 145
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Convert <SEP> from <SEP> the food <SEP> pounds <SEP> of food / book <SEP> to <SEP> gain <SEP> of
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> weight
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Nil <SEP> 5 <SEP> 2.74 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 2.92 <SEP> 106
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 6 <SEP> 3.11 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 3.06 <SEP> 98
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> average <SEP> 2.93 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 2.99 <SEP> 102
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 1000 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 3.05 <SEP> 111 <SEP> 2.86 <SEP> 104
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> 6 <SEP> 2.90 <SEP> 93 <SEP> 2.55 <SEP> 82
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> average <SEP> 2.98 <SEP> 102 <SEP> 2.71 <SEP> 92
<tb>
 

 <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 
It will be noted that a combined effect from the growth point of view is observed,

   when using 100 ppm sodium acrylate with 50 ppm chlortetracycline? an appreciable increase in elemental efficiency occurs at these concentrations, this improvement being considerably greater than that which can be expected when the effects produced by the two ingredients used separately are added.



   EXAMPLE 14
A staple feed for pigs was prepared having the following composition:
 EMI27.1
 
<tb> Ingredients <SEP>: <SEP>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Spikes <SEP> of <SEP> but <SEP> molded <SEP> 39.5
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Alfalfa <SEP> flour <SEP> dehydrated <SEP> 20.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Mats <SEP> yellow <SEP> coarsely <SEP> ground <SEP> 30.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> <SEP> soy flour <SEP> <SEP> 7.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Molasses <SEP> 2.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Salt <SEP> iodized <SEP> 0.5
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Patina <SEP> of bone <SEP> will treat <SEP> the <SEP> steam <SEP> 1.0
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb>
<tb> Total <SEP> 100.0
<tb>
 
Concentrate of Vitamins A and D added to form 2000 international units of Vitamin A and 400 international units of Vitamin D per pound of ration.



   The food was divided into 4 fractions, one fraction constituting a control fraction and the other three having added sodium acrylate at 1000 ppm, chlortetracycline at 40 ppm and sodium acrylate at the rate of 1000 ppm. at 1000 ppm, as well as chlortetracycline at 40 ppm, respectively. These fractions were administered to groups of weaned pores in varying numbers between 21 and 26, these pigs weighing on average 27 to
28 lbs. A separate enclosure has been provided for each of the 4 groups of pigs.

   The weight gains are shown in the following table, along with the amount of food per weight gain, which is a measure of the efficiency of food use:

 <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

   TABLE F Average Daily Weight Gain in Pounds / Head
 EMI28.1
 
<tb> Base <SEP> Sodium <SEP> Acrylate <SEP> <SEP> CTC <SEP> Sodium <SEP> Acrylate <SEP>
<tb> 1000 <SEP> ppm <SEP> 40 <SEP> ppm <SEP> + <SEP> CTC <SEP>
<tb> Test <SEP> No.

   <SEP> No / Group <SEP> Books <SEP>% <SEP> Base <SEP> books <SEP>% <SEP> Base <SEP> books <SEP>% <SEP> Base <SEP> delivered <SEP>% <SEP> Base
<tb> 1 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 1.09 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 1.15 <SEP> 105 <SEP> 1.20 <SEP> 110 <SEP> 1.28 <SEP> 117
<tb> 2 <SEP> 21 <SEP> 1.48 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 1.49 <SEP> 101 <SEP> 1.56 <SEP> 105 <SEP> 1, <SEP> 63 <SEP> 110
<tb> 3 <SEP> 26 <SEP> 1.31 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 1.41 <SEP> 108 <SEP> 1.39 <SEP> 106 <SEP> 1.49 <SEP> 114
<tb> Average <SEP> 1, <SEP> 29 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 1.35 <SEP> 105 <SEP> 1.38 <SEP> 107 <SEP> 1,

  47 <SEP> 114
<tb> Conversion <SEP> of food <SEP> pounds <SEP> of food / pound <SEP> of <SEP> gain <SEP> of <SEP> weight
<tb> Base <SEP> Sodium <SEP> Acrylate <SEP> <SEP> CTC <SEP> Sodium <SEP> Acrylate <SEP>
<tb> 1000 <SEP> ppm <SEP> 40ppm <SEP> + CTC
<tb> Trial <SEP> No <SEP> No / Group <SEP> books <SEP>% <SEP> Base <SEP> books <SEP>% <SEP> Base <SEP> books <SEP>% <SEP> Base <SEP> books <SEP>% <SEP> Base
<tb> 1 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 2.77 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 2.62 <SEP> 95 <SEP> 2.59 <SEP> 93 <SEP> 2.36 <SEP> 85
<tb> 2 <SEP> 21 <SEP> 3.53 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 3.68 <SEP> 104 <SEP> 3.69 <SEP> 104 <SEP> 3, <SEP> 26 <SEP> 92
<tb>
 
 EMI28.2
 3 $ 2 3r. 3Ç3-2 M03 31 03 9 + 5 995 a9 2> ô1 85
 EMI28.3
 
<tb> Average <SEP> 3.21 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 3.11 <SEP> 97 <SEP> 3.00 <SEP> 96 <SEP> 2.81 <SEP> 87
<tb>



    

Claims (1)

CLAIMS. 1.- Antibiotic and / or growth promoter and edible composition for animals, characterized in that it contains an edible vehicle containing acrylic acid and / or a non-toxic salt of this acid and, if desired , a tetracycline antibiotic. 2. - Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the salt of acrylic acid is a water-soluble salt. 3.- Composition according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the salt of acrylic acid is a sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium salt. 4. - Composition according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antibiotic of the tetracycline type is one of the following: chlortetracycline, tetracycline or oxytetracycline. 5.- Composition according to one or the other of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concentration of acrylic acid or of acrylic acid salt is sufficient to obtain a daily absorption of 10 @ 1000 mg and, preferably from 20 to 30 mg of acrylic acid or an acrylic acid salt per kilogram of the animal's weight. 6. - Composition according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the acrylic acid or a non-toxic salt of this acid is present in an amount of between approximately 100 and 3000 ppm., based on the weight of the vehicle, while the tetracyclin antibiotic is present in an amount of between 50 and 250 ppm. relative to the weight of the vehicle. 7. - Composition according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle is a solid or a: liquid. <Desc / Clms Page number 30> 8.- Composition according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle is water. 9. - Composition according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle is a beverage or animal feed. 10. - Process for obtaining an antibiotic composition and / or edible growth promoter for animals, charac- terized in that a combustible vehicle is mixed with acrylic acid and / or a non-toxic salt thereof. acid and, if desired, an antibiotic such as tetracyBline. 11. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the acrylic acid salt is a water-soluble salt. 12. - Process according to either of Claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the acrylic acid salt is a sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium salt. 13. - A method according to either of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the antibiotic of the tetracycline type is chlortetracycline, tetracycline or oxytetracycmine. la.¯ Method according to either of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the concentration of acrylic acid or an acrylic acid salt is sufficient to ensure a daily absorption by the animal of between 10 and 1000 mg, preferably between 20 and 300 mg of acrylic acid or a salt thereof, per kilogram of weight of the animal. 15.- A method according to either of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the acrylic acid or its non-toxic salt is present in an amount of between about 100 and 3000 parts per million, on the basis of vehicle weight, while the tetracycline-type antibiotic <Desc / Clms Page number 31> is present in an amount between 50 and 250 parts per million based on the weight of the vehicle. 16.- A method according to any of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the vehicle is a solid or a liquid. 17.- A method according to either of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the vehicle is water. 18. - Method according to either of claims 10 to 17, characterized in that the vehicle is a beverage or animal feed. 19. - Process for obtaining an antibiotic composition and / or growth promoter, edible, in substance, as described above. 20. - Antibiotic composition and / or edible growth promoter, in substance, as described above. 21.- Use of acrylic acid and / or a non-toxic salt of this acid as an antibiotic constituent and / or growth promoter of a drink or animal feed. 22.- Use of acrylic acid and / or a non-toxic salt of this acid in combination with an antibiotic of the tetracycline type as an antibiotic component and / or growth promoter of a food or drink for animals - 23. - Process for increasing growth and / or controlling or combating intestinal microorganisms in cattle, characterized in that animals are administered an edible amount of acrylic acid and / or a toxic salt thereof, if desired , with an antibiotic of the tetracyclin type.