BE499694A - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
BE499694A
BE499694A BE499694DA BE499694A BE 499694 A BE499694 A BE 499694A BE 499694D A BE499694D A BE 499694DA BE 499694 A BE499694 A BE 499694A
Authority
BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tubes
tube
reaction autoclave
weight
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
French (fr)
Publication of BE499694A publication Critical patent/BE499694A/fr

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/0005Catalytic processes under superatmospheric pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0242Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0257Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical annular shaped bed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0285Heating or cooling the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00194Tubes

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

       

   <Desc/Clms Page number 1> 
 



  AUTOCLAVE DE REACTION AVEC ECHANGEUR DE .CHALEUR   TUBULAIRE-DANS.UN'RECIPIENT   
COMMUN, PARTICULIEREMENT POUR HAUTES PRESSIONS ET HAUTES TEMPERATURES. 



   La présente invention a pour objet un autoclave de réaction avec échangeur de chaleur tubulaire, particulièrement pour hautes pressions et hautes températures, logés dans un même récipient. 



   Dans les anciennes installations de ce genre, l'autoclave de réaction rempli de catalyseurs était le plus souvent relié rigidement en soi et indépendamment du récipient les renfermant tous deux, avec l'échan- geur de chaleur se trouvant au-dessous et le poids de l'autoclave de réac- tion était supporté par l'échangeur de chaleur qui reposait sur le fond inférieur du récipient de couverture. Avec cette disposition, l'échangeur de chaleur consistant en tubes   n'avait   donc pas seulement à supporter son propre poids mais aussi le poids de la charge de catalyseurs. Lors du   chauf-   fage en service'et de la dilatation linéaire des tubes échangeurs de chaleur qui en résulte, ces tubes devaient donc lever le poids de tout l'autoclave de réaction et surmonter de plus d'importantes forces de friction.

   Ni les fonds de tubes ni la fixation des tubes, le plus souvent' à faible parois, dans les fonds de tubes ne pouvaient à la longue supporter ces sollicitations. 



   Avec la disposition conforme à la présente invention ces inconvé- nients disparaissent entièrement. Selon l'invention, l'appui de l'autoclave de réaction et de l'échangeur de chaleur tubulaire a lieu dans un récipient commun de façon telle que l'autoclave de réaction prend directement appui sur le fond du récipient commun, constitué, par exemple, par un récipient à haute pression. On évite en conséquence l'appui exclusif sur l'échangeur de chaleur. 



   On arrive ainsi à ce que l'échangeur de chaleur se trouve déles- té du poids de   l'autoclave   de réaction. On   a@en   outre l'avantage que l'échan- geur de chaleur tubulaire peut se déplacer librement vers le bas.   L'étanchéi-   

 <Desc/Clms Page number 2> 

 sation nécessaire des chemins du gaz peut se faire par exemple à l'aide d'une boite   à   bourrage que l'on peut placar soit à la circonférence du fond des tubes ou à une gorge d'entonnoir fixée au fond des tubes. L'invention sera expliquée de .façon plus précise en référence aux dessins ci-annexés a est le récipient commun (en   l'occurence   un récipient à haute pression), b est l'autoclave de réaction rempli de catalyseurs, c est l'é- changeur de chaleur tubulaire. 



   La figure 1 montre la forme d'exécution usuelle adoptée jusqu' ici et la figure 2 montre une forme d'exécution suivant la présente inven- tion. 



   Il ressort de la figure 1 que tout le poids de l'autoclave de réaction b, catalyseurs compris, repose sur les tubes de l'échangeur de   chaleur e,   qui, de son   côté,,   s'appuie sur le fond d du récipient   à   haute pression a. De ce fait et par les forces produites à la suite de la dilata- tion thermique, qui doivent pousser l'autoclave de réaction vers le haut dans la boîte à   bourrage   du couvercle   h,   les endroits de fixation des tubes de l'échangeur de chaleur   sont -   dans l'exécution suivant la figure 1 soumis à de fortes sollicitations dans les fonds de tubes f1 et f2 et don- nent lieu à des fuites, mais les tubes eux-mêmes sont également soumis à de fortes sollicitations et se déforment facilement. 



  Il en est autrement dans la forme d'exécution, suivant la figure 2, de la présente invention. 



   Le poids de l'autoclave de réaction b s'appuie, en évitant l'é- changeur de chaleur, directement par le large tube i sur le   fond ±1   du ré- cipient à haute pression a. De cette manière,   l'échangeur   de chaleur tubu-   laire est délesté ; enoutre l'autoclave de réaction b peut pénétrer séparé-   ment vers le haut, par suite de la dilatation thermique, dans un forage du couvercle du récipient 2 tandis que l'échangeur de chaleur qui est sus- pendu par les fonds supérieurs fl des tubes au tube i peut pénétrer égale- ment séparément vers le bas   dans l'entonnoir   d'écoulement d.

   L'étanchéité nécessaire des chemins du gaz est assurée, comme le montre la figure 2, par la boite à bourrage k qui peut aussi être placée à la périphérie des fonds inférieurs des tubes (ne figure pas au dessin). 



    REVENDICATIONS.':'   
1.- Autoclave de réaction avec échangeur de chaleur tubulaire dans un récipient commun, particulièrement pour hautes pressions et hautes températures, caractérisé en ce que l'autoclave de réaction dis- posé au-dessus de ]' échangeur de chaleur prend directement appui sur le fond du récipient commun.



   <Desc / Clms Page number 1>
 



  REACTION AUTOCLAVE WITH TUBULAR. HEAT EXCHANGER-IN.UN'RECIPIENT
COMMON, ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PRESSURES AND HIGH TEMPERATURES.



   The present invention relates to a reaction autoclave with a tubular heat exchanger, particularly for high pressures and high temperatures, housed in the same container.



   In older installations of this kind, the reaction autoclave filled with catalysts was most often rigidly connected in itself and independently of the vessel enclosing them both, with the heat exchanger located below and the weight of the vessel. the reaction autoclave was supported by the heat exchanger which rested on the lower bottom of the cover vessel. With this arrangement, the heat exchanger consisting of tubes therefore had not only to support its own weight but also the weight of the catalyst charge. During the heating in service and the resulting linear expansion of the heat exchanger tubes, these tubes therefore had to lift the weight of the entire reaction autoclave and in addition overcome large frictional forces.

   Neither the tube bases nor the fixing of the tubes, most often with low walls, in the tube bases could in the long run withstand these stresses.



   With the arrangement according to the present invention these drawbacks disappear entirely. According to the invention, the support of the reaction autoclave and of the tubular heat exchanger takes place in a common container such that the reaction autoclave bears directly on the bottom of the common container, consisting of: for example, by a high pressure vessel. As a result, exclusive support on the heat exchanger is avoided.



   In this way, the heat exchanger is released from the weight of the reaction autoclave. A further advantage is that the tubular heat exchanger can move freely downward. The waterproof

 <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

 The necessary sation of the gas paths can be done for example using a stuffing box which can be placed either around the circumference of the bottom of the tubes or to a funnel groove fixed to the bottom of the tubes. The invention will be explained more precisely with reference to the accompanying drawings a is the common vessel (in this case a high pressure vessel), b is the reaction autoclave filled with catalysts, c is the - tubular heat changer.



   Figure 1 shows the usual embodiment adopted heretofore and Figure 2 shows an embodiment according to the present invention.



   It can be seen from Figure 1 that the entire weight of the reaction autoclave b, including catalysts, rests on the tubes of the heat exchanger e, which, for its part, rests on the bottom d of the vessel to high pressure a. As a result and by the forces produced as a result of thermal expansion, which must push the reaction autoclave upwards in the stuffing box of the cover h, the places of attachment of the tubes of the heat exchanger are - in the execution according to Figure 1 subjected to strong stresses in the ends of tubes f1 and f2 and give rise to leaks, but the tubes themselves are also subjected to high stresses and are easily deformed.



  It is otherwise in the embodiment, according to Figure 2, of the present invention.



   The weight of the reaction autoclave b rests, avoiding the heat exchanger, directly by the large tube i on the ± 1 bottom of the high pressure vessel a. In this way, the tubular heat exchanger is relieved; in addition the reaction autoclave b can penetrate separately upwards, as a result of thermal expansion, into a borehole in the cover of the vessel 2 while the heat exchanger which is suspended by the upper bottoms fl of the tubes to tube i can also enter separately downwards into the flow funnel d.

   The necessary tightness of the gas paths is ensured, as shown in FIG. 2, by the stuffing box k which can also be placed at the periphery of the lower ends of the tubes (not shown in the drawing).



    CLAIMS. ':'
1.- Reaction autoclave with tubular heat exchanger in a common vessel, particularly for high pressures and high temperatures, characterized in that the reaction autoclave placed above the heat exchanger bears directly on the heat exchanger. bottom of the common container.


    

Claims (1)

2.- Installation suivant la revendication 1, c a r a c t é - risée en ce que le déchargement ou délestage de l'échangeur de chaleur tubulaire a lieu au moyen d'un tube (i) entourant la chambre de catalyse et le faisceau de tubes et reposant sur le fond du récipient, ce tube suppor- tant le poids du catalyseur et le faisceau de tubes étant suspendu à l'inté- rieur dudit tube par les fonds supérieurs des tubes dudit faisceau, de fa- çon que ce dernier puisse se dilater librement vers le bas. 2.- Installation according to claim 1, character - ized in that the unloading or shedding of the tubular heat exchanger takes place by means of a tube (i) surrounding the catalysis chamber and the tube bundle and resting on the bottom of the container, this tube supporting the weight of the catalyst and the bundle of tubes being suspended inside said tube by the upper ends of the tubes of said bundle, so that the latter can expand freely down.
BE499694D BE499694A (en)

Publications (1)

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Family

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2387077A1 (en) * 1977-04-15 1978-11-10 Snam Progetti REACTOR FOR METHANIZATION WITH BUILT-IN HEAT EXCHANGER
WO2003080230A1 (en) * 2002-03-26 2003-10-02 Showa Denko K. K. Reaction apparatus with a heat-exchanger

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2387077A1 (en) * 1977-04-15 1978-11-10 Snam Progetti REACTOR FOR METHANIZATION WITH BUILT-IN HEAT EXCHANGER
WO2003080230A1 (en) * 2002-03-26 2003-10-02 Showa Denko K. K. Reaction apparatus with a heat-exchanger
AU2003230236B2 (en) * 2002-03-26 2008-09-04 Showa Denko K.K. Reaction apparatus with a heat-exchanger

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