BE466651A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  Process for obtaining filamentous products.
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  The present invention relates to new, and, improved products such as filaments, threads, cords, etc., composed of a linear synthetic polymer. More particularly, this invention relates to the production, starting from a linear synthetic polymer 1, of filaments, threads, cords etc. exhibiting greatly reduced thermo-extensibility factor and low "inflation growth".



  The invention will be described hereinafter with particular reference to filaments, threads, cords etc. nylon. The term nylon is used herein to refer generically to the particular linear synthetic polyamides described in US Carothers Patents Nos: 2,130,948 and '2,071e253. However, and since the other linear synthetic polymers described in U.S. Patent Carothers N-2,071,250 exhibit characteristics similar to those of nylon, and since these polymers can be advantageously processed according to the present invention, the latter applies, in general, to the processing of all stretched linear synthetic polymers i, .... rr.r [\ f '.: -' R! -

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 cold, described in patent No. 2,071,250 cited above.

   The term "linear synthetic polymer" as used in this specification and in the appended claims is limited in scope to the particular linear synthetic polymers disclosed in said patent. 2,071,250.



   It has recently been proposed to use cold-drawn nylon threads, cords and threads as reinforcing elements or stress-resistant reinforcements in vulcanized rubber articles, such as tires, belts, hoses and the like. , rubber (see Heff U.S. Patent No. 2,273,200).



  Nylon products which have been cold drawn to a residual or permanent elongation of 14% or less are considered to be completely cold drawn, since a subsequent cold drawing operation would not achieve them. to stretch substantially, that is to say to give them a permanent elongation, with a higher degree of permanent orientation - at a higher extent. In view of the extremely high tensile strength offered by fully cold-drawn nylon filament products, it was expected that vulcanized rubber articles containing such products would be significantly superior to articles made of rubber. Similar rubber previously known reinforced with cotton or high tenacity regenerated cellulose.



   While offering certain advantages, articles made of vulcanized rubber, reinforced with threads, cords, etc., of nylon, cold drawn, did not, heretofore, possess the great superiority which was expected.



   When nylon filaments, threads or cords, or other linear synthetic polyps known heretofore, were incorporated as reinforcing or reinforcing elements in a rubber tire, it was found that they suffered

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 significant and undesirable elongation when inflating the tire.



  This high and undesirable elongation of the reinforcing elements was often the direct cause of tire failure. The lengthening of the reinforcing elements of the tire, due to the inflation of the latter, will be referred to hereinafter by the term "growth on inflation".



   It has further been found that nylon filaments, threads and cord, as well as other linear synthetic polymers, are subject to permanent growth, or exhibit permanent stretchability when subjected to tension at high temperatures. high temperatures, but significantly below their melting point, for example, temperatures above 1000 C.



  This characteristic of nylon, which appears in some respects to be different from the yarn growth mentioned above in connection with cotton and rayon cords used in tires, will be referred to hereinafter as the term "heat-extensibility". The heat stretch of nylon plays a particularly important role in truck tires.



  When a truck tire, established with nylon reinforcing elements, works under high loads, the high temperatures developed, together with the applied stresses, result in a certain degree of permanent extensibility of the reinforcing elements. nylon.



   The "thermo-extensibility" of filaments, threads, cords, etc. nylon is not to be confused with the "swell growth" of these same products. When a tire reinforced with nylon elements is inflated and subjected to a load, there will first occur an initial elongation or stretching of the reinforcement elements which constitutes the growth upon inflation of these elements. Subsequently, and under the effect of tensions exerted under continuous high temperatures, the cords extend, or lengthen, gradually and permanently.

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  This represents the thermo-stretchability of the cords. In extreme cases, the tire will become too loose for the wheel and will tend to buckle * This extension of the cords can also cause the tread of the tire to crack, which considerably reduces the life of the latter.



   The present invention aims to: provide a method and apparatus for producing filaments, yarns and cords, composed of linear and cold drawn synthetic polymers, elements which have low thermo-stretchability and low inflation growth; to treat filaments, threads or cords, composed of linear synthetic polymers, and cold drawn, so as to impart to them a low thermo-extensibility and a low growth on inflation;

   to produce industrial products subjected to high temperature and high tension, such products containing cold drawn filaments, threads or cords made from a linear synthetic polymer, and exhibiting low thermal stretchability; to produce vulcanized rubber tires, comprising linear synthetic filaments, threads or cords, cold drawn and exhibiting poor growth on inflation;

   to produce vulcanized rubber tires and other vulcanized rubber articles reinforced in a similar manner, such articles containing as reinforcing and stress-resistant elements, cold drawn nylon filaments, threads or cords and exhibiting low thermal stretch and low inflation growth;

   to establish filaments or cords, of a linear synthetic polymer, cold drawn and exhibiting low thermo-stretchability and low cross-density at swelling, and having low elongation when stretched to the point of

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   rupture; to produce filaments, threads or cords made of a linear synthetic polymer, cold drawn and having a high modulus of elasticity.



   Other objects of the invention will emerge from the description below.
Generally, the objects of the invention can be achieved by subjecting a filament, thread or cord of nylon or other linear synthetic polymer to a dry heat treatment at an elevated temperature, that is to say, a temperature of between 100 ° C. and a temperature of about 5 ° C. below the melting point of the polymer, while subjecting the filament, yarn or cord to a draw of at least 0.5 % of its full cold drawn length. This dry heat treatment of the wire or the cord is carried out in a time of between 0.1 second and 8 hours.

   Before being relaxed or relaxed, the filament, yarn or cord is then cooled to a temperature at least 5% lower than the temperature of the heat treatment. The filamentary product (filament, thread or cord) can now be incorporated as a reinforcing and stress-resistant member in a tire or other object which, in use, is subjected to high temperatures and temperatures.



   The heat treatment with drawing of nylon filaments is generally applied to products which have previously been completely cold drawn, that is, cold drawn to permanent elongation or breakage of 14 % or less. However, it is within the scope of the present invention to apply the heat treatment to the unstretched nylon products while at the same time. fully cold stretch, however, this heat treatment must be applied while the product is undergoing stretching of at least 0.5% of its full cold stretch length.

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   It will readily be appreciated that the elongation at break of a relatively thin yarn having a low degree of twist will be less than that of a thick, ply and tow composite member.



   This is obviously due to the elongation imparted to the twisted and cabled member due to the twisting. Therefore and in order to obtain an exact comparison throughout the specification and claims, any mention of elongation at break, relating to a nylon member, refers to elongation at break of the filaments which compose that member * Unless otherwise indicated , elongation at break meant the elongation at the point of rupture, measured at room or laboratory temperature (approximately 70 ° F).



   Where it is a matter of first producing yarns of relatively small denier, and then combining such yarns by twisting, to form the final reinforcing member for tires, it is preferable to applying the hot drawing and cooling treatment described above to the relatively weak denier yarn,

     then forming the twisted reinforcing member for tires and then applying to this twisted member. tire reinforcement treatment of hot stretching and cooling.
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  , but the ease of comparison, the thermo-extensibility of an element: Cilc, Í, 18ntC'1.JX in nylon is measured at a temperature ùe 1) 5 0 C (temperature of the tires-j in ? conditions the ser-; .i ,,, ji Ij: ù.1: '' S) under an oha-rge of 1, c: mm.3 pdr .i ± iii-> i '. The thermoregibility of a nylon filamentary material subjected to such conditions will hereinafter be referred to, for the purposes of comparison, as i, = ez. ,, i of "thermo factor. extensibility".

   This factor can be calculated as follows:
Given lengths of cold drawn nylon filamentary member are subjected to a load of 1 gram per unbind.

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 and exposed to a temperature of 1350 C. in a room maintained
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 at 25.5 C. and having a relative numidity of 50. The isolation length is measured after 30 minutes of exposure and then after 1000 minutes of exposure.

   The thermal stretchability is calculated using the equation:
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 1 1000 - L30 100 Lo Tx -----.- .... -'-- * --'--- 1.523 where
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 Tx = thermo-extensibility factor L1000 - length of the element after exposure of
1000 minutes
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 0 = ong, 1.leUr of the element "13 30 rainute clt cz x 0 ition Lo = length of the element immediately after application of the load (.523 = log 1000 - log 30)
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 The numerical value of the t11t :: rùlo-extcl1ailJility factor for a yarn or rope will depend to a large extent on the twist, as well as the structure of the rope.

   In general, a wire or a border, strongly twisted will have a factor of
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 higher thermo-stretchability than a similar, untwisted yarn or cord. To facilitate comparison between treated filaments, threads and cords and similar non-treated elements, the values
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 The heat-extensibility factor, as given in the description and the claims, are based on findings made with single filaments or un-twisted yarns and cords. Such a basis for comparison eliminates the effect of re-
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 twist on the thermo-extensibility factor. To determine the heat-extensibility factor of plied yarns, the rye is removed. - twisting before subjecting the wire to the load.



  The tnerao-extensibility factor of an untreated yarn, as well as that of a yarn treated according to the invention, can be

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 ai? 3m? nt (.10t \: r lin :: r, the two indications used to measure the improvement in ÜlerJo-? xt: o-nsibllit3. An easy way to express this improvement is to indicate the percentage of the reduction of the factor of t: 18r.llo-ext -: -: l, Sioilita, i.e., the difference being 1'- :: factor of tü (:; r, , 1O-ext8nsi'oility d., An element ilWlO: J.teuh stretched a. Cold and not t;

   and the heat-stretch factor of a cold drawn member in a similar manner and subsequently processed conformed to the present invention, this difference being expressed as a percent of the heat-stretch factor.
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 ext. = in3t "nility of the element not t: ait.



  The value> s EUJ, ll08l'iqups of the "growth on inflation" of elements of L: 0111O: rCi.? Lil, nt for tire3, as mentioned below, are determined as follows: An element de refo: rc811lent, turn j;) I, l8UB, for example a rope having a length of b feet under a tension of 0.01 gr, per denier is subjected to a tension cllarS8 of 1 gr per denier, during a duration of 30 ialxmit;: s, preserves the twist present in the element in question.
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 The element is carried out at a temperature of 700 F and at a relative number of 0lay the element being in equilibrium under these conditions.

   The "growth of the element is represented by the difference, expressed in feet, between the length of 6. feet and that of the element after being subjected for
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 30 minutes at one load (18 1 gr. Per denier. The "inflation growth" expressed in terms of 6 feet is the "inflation growth value".



   Some preferred embodiments of apparatus suitable for carrying out the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, which will be referred to in the detailed description which follows.



   In these drawings:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment

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 simple device for heating a filamentary element while keeping it under tension.



   Fig. 2 is a plan view of a heater for applying heat to a wire.



     Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the heater shown in FIG. 2.



   Fig. 4 is a broken front elevational view showing a yarn heating and drawing device, allowing multiple yarns to be processed simultaneously.



   . Fig. 5 is a side elevational view, showing part of the device shown in Fig. 4. '
Fig. 6 is a plan view, showing part of the device shown in FIG. 4.



   Fig. ? is a section view and on a larger scale, following the line? -? of Fig. 4.



   Fig. 8 is a sectional view and on a larger scale taken on line 8-8 of Fig 4.



   Fig. 9 is a front elevational view, with some parts shown in section, of a variant of the apparatus established according to the invention.



   Fig. 10 is a side elevational view of the apparatus taken from Fig. 9, also showing the winding means for the treated yarn.



   In Fig. 1 the number 11 designates a wire coming from any source and passing successively over sets of sorting rollers 13-15, 17-19, and 21-23. Each two of the draw rollers comprises an actual draw roll of relatively large diameter and a separating roll of relatively small diameter. In each set of rollers the axes of the two rollers form a slight angle between them, in order to ensure the separation of the turns of wire and an advance of this wire along the rollers. The wire forms around

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 sufficient number of turns of each set of rollers to prevent the wire from sliding on the rollers.

   The yarn which has passed over the rolls 21-23 is collected in any way desired, for example by winding up onto a box.



   A heater 25 provided with a wire groove 27 is placed between the sets of rollers 13-15 and 17-19, while a heater 29 is provided between the sets of rollers 17-19 and 21. -23. The device 25 is heated by means of an electrical resistance element provided in the body of this device, to which electrical wires 31 terminate.

   The device 29 is heated by means of a steam coil which receives steam through the pipes 33 and 35
The yarn 11 may be an unstretched nylon yarn which is stretched, to the limit of full cold draw, under the influence of the heat applied between the rollers 13-15 and the rollers 17-19. . The drawn yarn is then maintained in a state of permanent tension between rollers 17-19 and 21-23, where it is heated to a temperature between 1000 ° C. and the temperature at which the melting takes place. nylon. On the other hand, the wire 11 may consist of a completely stretched wire which is heated, while maintaining it under tension, in two successive operations.

   The heat treated yarn should be kept in a stretched state until it has been cooled to a temperature at least 5% below the treatment temperature. For this purpose, the yarn must pass over the draw rollers 21-23 with a sufficient number of windings to allow it to cool down to the desired temperature, before it is released.



   The heater 25 is shown e; detail in Figs * 2 and 3. It comprises insulating plates 41 and 43 on its opposite faces, an electrical resistance element 47 and a thermometer housing 45, in which a thermometer 49 is arranged.

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   Although the description of the apparatus relates more particularly to the treatment of yarns, it will be appreciated that the operation can just as easily be carried out on cords made from yarns. As will become apparent in the following, the treatment of the cords is of particular importance when it is desired to establish a cord having low growth on inflation.



   Figs. 4 to 8 inclusive show a heating and drawing device for yarns, in which a number of yarns can be processed simultaneously. In this device, a series of threads 11, coming from the spindles 51, pass over thread guides 53 and 55, then through a tensioner 57, then around a set of stretching rollers 59-61. The wires coming from a series of devices thus composed pass around guide rollers with grooves 63 and 65; they then pass through the grooves 73 of the heater 6? with multiple grooves (Fig. 8).



  Coming from the latter, the threads pass, in spaced order, through a hot air heating chamber, generally designated 88. On leaving the latter, the individual threads pass over grooved guide rollers 107 and hence on individual sets of stretch rollers 109-111. From there the yarn is directed onto a guide roller 113, and then onto a wandering yarn guide 115 and, finally, wound up onto a spool 117, which can be driven by means of a frictionally acting roller.



   The multiple channel heater 67 mentioned above may be heated by means of a hot fluid, such as hot oil. The fluid enters this device through an inlet pipe 69. The heater device 67 has a bore 71 through which the hot fluid passes in order to heat the grooves 73. The fluid leaves the device 67 through the outlet duct 75. From the latter, the fluid passes through parallel spaced ducts 79 and 83. , through ducts

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 connection ?? and 81. The fluid then leaves the device through the outlet duct 85.



   Parallel ducts 79 and 33, together with a fixed plate 87 and a pivotally mounted plate 89, define the heating chamber 88 mentioned above. The plate 87 can be welded to the pipes, as motré in 86 -The plate 89 is pivotally fixed to the pipe 83 in 91, this plate being pressed. against the conduit 79 by means of the arm 93 and the counterweight 95. The plate 89 has, near the conduit 79, an angle 97 forming heat-insulating padding - An operating bar 99 is fixed to the plate 89 near the conduit 79 .

   End plates 101 and 103 are provided between the conduits and the plates as shown in Fgi. 7, End plates help to retain heat in the chamber. These plates have, on their junction line, cutouts which define a slot 105 through which the wires pass as they enter and exit from chamber 3.



   As indicated above, there is provided for each strand or wire an individual set of draw rollers 59-61 and 109-111.



  The peripheral speeds of these sets of draw rollers are adjusted so as to apply to the yarns and maintain the desired draw tension while the yarns are heated.



   Figs. 9 and 10 show a variant of this apparatus, particularly intended for cold drawing an unstretched or partially drawn yarn, and - while the yarn is subjected to full drawing and, therefore, is under voltage, - subjecting it to a high temperature (greater than 100 C.) in order to reduce its thermo-extensipillity.



   The thread 11 passes from the spindle 123, through the thread guides
125 and 127 and tensioner 129 and then forms a series of turns on a set of stretch rollers 133-135. From these, the thread passes through thread gulde 137 and 141. The thread guide roller 141

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 is disposed in a hot liquid, such as molten Wood's metal, contained in a cavity 139 of a heater 143. The wire guide 141 is mounted on the end of a support rod 145 of adjustable length . Wood's metal can be maintained at a uniform temperature by means of a liquid 142 which boils at constant temperature in a jacket which surrounds the cavity 139.

   The liquid is maintained at the boiling temperature with the aid of an electrical resistance element 149, incorporated in a heater 147. The volatilized liquid 142 is directed through a conduit 144 to a condenser 146, where it is released. is condensed and from where it returns to the shirt.



   The thread from the thread guide roll 141 passes through the thread guide 151, and then over a second set of draw rollers 133-135. This second set of draw rollers is driven at a higher peripheral speed, by a sufficient amount, at the peripheral speed of the draw rollers 133-135, so as to impart to the wire a higher draw tension of at least 0 .5% to that required to produce a fully drawn yarn. The drawn and processed yarn passes over a guide roller 157 and is then wound onto a spool 161 using the sliding yarn guide 159. The spool 161 is driven using the friction drive roller 163.



   In the embodiments of the invention shown in Figs. 4 to 8, and 9 and 10, it is also important that the wire, before being relaxed, is cooled to a temperature at least 5% lower than that of the heat treatment.



  This can be achieved by passing the yarn over a last set of draw rollers with a sufficient number of turns of yarn to allow such cooling.



   The heating of the wire can be obtained with the aid of any device. In addition, for heating, any agent can be used, for example: hot water, steam,

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 electricity, biphenyl ether, Dowtherm, para-cymene etc.



   The examples above illustrate a mode of treatment according to the invention, but should not be considered as limiting.



   EXAMPLE 1
A 275 denier spun, 23 filament polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn starting from a polymer of one viscosity (3,000 - 4,000 poise), dried to a moisture content of 0.08% la, was cold stretched to the maximum limit, without a large number of broken filaments, namely, up to 422% (ratio of final length to initial length 4.22: 1, 0). After stretching, the two ends were brought together, applying two "S" twists. Then, three ends thus doubled were juxtaposed, with application of two "Z" twisting turns.

   The yarn thus obtained had an inflation growth value of 5.3%, a modulus of elasticity of 0.28 g. per denier for a stretch of 1% and a twist-free heat stretch factor of 0.35 on average. The thermo-extensibility factor was determined after freeing the yarn from the retorsion. This wire was then led through molten Wood's metal, with a 12 inch path in the bath, applying 10% draw. The apparatus employed was analogous to that shown in Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings.



   Before releasing the draw tension, the yarn was allowed to cool to a temperature more than 5% below the \. temperature of thermal insulation. Wood's metal bath was heated to various temperatures and the wire was passed through this bath at two different speeds. The values of the heat-sensitivity factor and the modulus of elasticity for the treated yarn under these varying conditions are given in Table 1 below.

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   For a speed of passage of the wire in the above apparatus, equal to 40 feet per minute, an optimum temperature of the
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 Wood's metal for the reduction of the thermo-stretchability factor, the increase in the modulus of elasticity and high tenacity, is at a point between the limit of 2050 c. at about 4 ° -15 ° C. At temperatures of 220 ° C. or more, the toughness decreases to a greater degree than is generally desirable. Table 1 also gives the inflation growth values for three passes at the pass rate of 40 feet per minute. The decrease in growth on inflation of the wire makes the latter particularly suitable for use in the preparation of cords for rubber tires.
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<tb> TABLE <SEP> 1
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<tb>
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<tb> Wire <SEP> treated <SEP> to <SEP> hot <SEP> to <SEP> 40 <SEP> feet <SEP> per <SEP> minute.
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  T euip atra- t 3 ac tor for re-'Module '% dt àGg-' T enac 1 .t etf C of al-'Allon- Vale. = Ture of 'de ter duction of elas-' - graaimes 'length- 1 gement' of metal of imo-ex- of the fac- ticit.é 'tion of the part of,' -,% 1,86 'growth Wood Itensibi-1 tor of' in g / d 'modulus' last break 1 grariiie s 1 a-ace' ity 1 tllerl1l0- 'for u-ni' 'by de-'au gom 1 extensi-'étirae' 1nier% Adjustment t 'bility' of 1% '' '' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --7- - - - - - - - 2000 C ¯¯¯2 66% '0.34' 21 days ¯! ¯¯-3 9.3% 4e5 cilo 1 2.6% 1 1,, t,, ¯-2110 ^ -¯¯g ¯¯¯4, ō¯¯-t38r¯¯¯3 / J¯¯1¯¯¯! 4 it 9, 4 $ o 1 i 4, 1) É 1 2, 1% É 220 oc '57%' 0.36 '29 9 lido i z0, 1 9.9% 1 it 4, 2, - ¯¯2 VS;

  ï3¯ ¯¯¯63¯D ¯, ¯¯'30¯, ¯¯¯¯, / o ¯ ¯¯¯3 ¯, ¯¯9>, -5> f, 2,1i - 1 - - , - 1 - - - -,, 1 1 1 1

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 Thread treated at 150 feet per minute
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 ------------------------------------------------
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<tb>
<tb>
 
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 2000 C. 0115 '5'1 (G' 0.23 '0 7; t 6.4, 9.6 c;

   1 5, Ocjv, z¯¯¯¯¯¯ 200 0.15 '5'l) 1 r' o, 28 6.4 i 1 9.6 1;, 0 $ o 211 ^ CP, ¯¯? 1¯ ¯¯¯¯63¯Q¯¯¯¯¯ 1 3 6 e4 9p3 413 2200 C,, ¯ ^ 0! 1 ° ¯¯ r 0.14 rt 60 0 1 1 oe37 t j2% 1 1, 8.7% 1¯3¯% ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ r% 1 ----------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ 2300 CI t 0, 1.4 t 60 µ 1 0.34 '2 1 ¯¯¯¯¯! 6 ¯¯ (jp¯¯p¯2%,
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<tb> It!
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 ¯.¯ i ¯¯ v ¯¯ t ¯¯ t ¯¯ t ¯¯ t ¯¯ t ¯¯ 1 t 1 "1 1 l,
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 Sample wire for comaya.ison the t-free: ra1 thermal telrlent)
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 1 0.35 '0 $ to 0.28' 0 6.7 '' 12.0% 1 5.1% '1 5.3 t, 1 1 lIt 1
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 (All L: '8 det'3Y.1liuation,' 3 de- values t (.f1t 1> .Jlàx i ;; corâe tTaiH 'by cÀéxi:> u :; que,> ou. <La. Chord 1- ioin have been performed under ati <iox,> Àé>? lqù:. =. 5 conditions).



  Ei, ül.;> I? L; - 1 -il-, fil 1L 'tààl.> Cù,; lei: #; 'la .J01YÜ0X, - ",, 1.jLJ.ylG1l0, ct.having undergone beforehand:, ia.; it ¯.àn full cold stretching, was jl stretched and treated,>: = ii 'ia cj1d.1Í, mr. The wire was led on u-'L picmier set of pulling rollers, on a toii> 1: jo3iti ± from cr1auffage fàlà type to a rcti: i; Jr, e, coriL.i :.; cel.L1l showed in 1 # 1 1 <ig, 1, a;. around a <1? u = <game length 5, <# rolls .Lt 1:>. <#. vi s .t oi>; 1.,; <iJ t 1,1 un <e rr 1 t P sue greater than that (lu 1) yellli (i 'J .-, u rl'un2 q \ .1, a1 "t : L t sufficient to: 'obtain 1 t .àt 1 row of yarn, 1 :, 10, 1).:,' 1 'a, àwa;,>. Xi%.; IP device d? cila: i ± taje du ty--, a groove, s, àr Un t 'iie).: -. i? u de e r = i'àl; i; iiii; stiieuxs turned to .iil:, iJ;

   Vit,: 8,22 qu & 1: - '' .u..ie..r; j:.:. to,. 30.! 'T.:; that. ' 1.- fil was maintained the state tti Ôtli'a, at. 10 '/ during its p; is.i. #. Age by the second heating device, this wire then being wound

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 on the winder. The wire was led on the third set of draw rollers with a number of turns of wire sufficient to obtain the cooling of this wire to an inferior temperature.
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 less than? % to that of the tller11lic treatment Both heaters or heaters were about three inches long.



   Another sample of the same wire underwent a similar heat treatment, except that the first heater was removed and the temperature of the second heater was increased by 20 C. Table II gives the results for these two wires, as well as those relating to an untreated yarn.



   Note that a prolonged treatment at a lower temperature was more advantageous than a short treatment at a higher temperature.
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<tb> TABLE <SEP> II
<tb>
 
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 'Premi0!' ré-, .DBLta.i21t1 'r - tVite ,, 3-' J: éna- 'jG al-, the actor: J:',% reduc-% 'driver at t cnauffeur à' se en1 cité Extension of the groove groove roll- xaa- 1ment Ü, ïtl0-eX.tel7.factPU 'rage 1 T e rilp te rloé - tÚl ..? S'ment' .11e: s 'rupturelsibility' de tner- Iratu.re, td'ex-'ra.ture dt8X.JO p 1; àB 'ld trio ex: ten- tL) OZ 1-! zi'ion'i? ar [Il-' de ¯liex't Isibility ition 1 1 'nute' ¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯.¯¯¯¯¯ i ¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯ 1 ¯¯¯¯ ---;

   ¯¯ ---- t, 0 o t2j0 Ù, tOy: LS ^ C '230 Gi0y1: 9 Ct¯¯-5¯¯t¯ ¯'¯¯ī¯y¯¯ 16¯¯ 1 1 5 8 ¯¯¯¯¯ --------------------------------------------- --------------------------------- 10 Ji: i1'lai- j 1 1 null t 250 CtOylsc. '. ct 1? 5 5e3 7-1y ot25 1 34 7'0,. , 't ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯.¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯ a (1 n} P1 t: rai 1 t-é lIt l. G '14? 1 1 2, 0.38 0 jb - -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------- EXAMPLE III
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 A dadi thread, help from 1) olyhea, létnyi Ic 'èT -le de 45? denier, 156 filaments, cold shot at 440 yô (con;

  lteraent cold drawn) was hot drawn at 15% at a temperature of 210o C. for about 14 seconds, while driving, at a speed of 50 feet

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   per minute, through a hot air chamber, the length of the path through the chamber being about 12 feet. The thread was hand-
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 held in the stretched state up to 8, so that it is t r; T i'r J 1 ù 1 at a temperature lower than,> him of 5 Q, that of the heat treatment.



  The thermo-extensibility factor has been reduced by 0.35 0.14, cleQ ,, - 8.-dLre, a reduction of 60), 1 * The elongation at break has been reduced (12.4 6 b, '? 9 0, that is, a reduction of 36 ;.



  The elongation under a g- load? of bzz, l, .86 gr. per denier was XCUl (3nÉ: de 5 g, 'a 3 0 ;;' \ C a! "'t" e7 .-. r.yi, ":,'. a.? reduction of about 32, 1 The modulus of elasticity '.'1 that C.:at. "¯ii1 (.J8 ..;: the oouroo showing the tmsion as a function of the force applied' and plotted from measurements carried out using of a Scotm tester
 EMI18.2
 was worn by 0.21 è, 0.3 ') i..ÇCclJtJ .: il' ,, 3 per denier, for a stretch of 1 6. (-J iezt - k.- ù 1 re a '- ) "" '1 "' '' -a.tl'Oll of the module of 86 'cf.



    EXAMPLE IV.



  -----------
 EMI18.3
 A yarn dtariipu1iÀà¯e (1A .J: Üyl1. "<Xa.; IltDyl'ènG (.The 900 will deny, 345 filaments, which was prepared starting from a polymer having a fusion viacosite of? 00 poise and which was stretched to approx. 410 i (ratio of 1O'L161J .. '? 1:,' (final to. initial length - 4.1: 1.0) (completely 't and 1 z. â cold), was twisted at 1.22 turns per inch and coiled ù. <1- a -.:,1'03,38 '00'Ù1113 aluminum under a' lesion of 2.5 gram denier bearing (..; ti.!: a; 8 (about 10 'j) While being held 3or? this tß 10i., the wire was subjected 1, a 17.'c "io.n of va;,;' .. ¯ - - of 260 pounds per square inch for 3/4 .1'.Ll: ^ and then cooled to temperature s.1.a110: LcLlit 'before r. T: ¯'. TT: 'unwound.



    As shown in Table III, the treated yarn is notably
 EMI18.4
 superior to untreated yarn with regard to heat stretchability characteristics. When twisted to form a cord and applied in a six-ply tire, it enables a tire of very low weight to be made, taking into account the

 <Desc / Clms Page number 19>

 load that this tire is called to bear. This dexniex will roll with little heat build-up and will be characterized by a remarkably low heat stretch.

   The slightly lower tenacity of the treated wire has very little effect on the longevity and favorable action of the wire in the tire; on the other hand, the remarkable improvement in the thermo-extensibility factor considerably extends the useful life of the tire.



   Steam can be used at a pressure of less than 60 English pounds. Steam at a higher pressure can be used to treat yarns intended for certain special uses. However, as such treatment is liable to be detrimental to the yarn, especially when the duration of the treatment is extended, it is preferable not to apply a higher vapor pressure when it comes to treating yarns intended for ropes for-tires.



    TABLE III ----------
Treated wire ----------
 EMI19.1
 -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- Tena- 1 µ allon- 'A110n, e- 1 Modulus 1 é- 1 aug- 1 Factor 1% do x, quoted t gerilently has elasticity 1 mcntation 1 of tJ: lermo-1 duction of gram-, of: u, p¯ '1 t 86 grarù-1 in ba /' dc 1 of the module 'extensi-' nes ture factor 'nies by for 1.% bili ty thermo-ex- par del denier stretching tans ib il-î t-1 nier' 5,5, - ^ 5¯ ¯¯¯4 '3 ¯¯ 1 ¯¯¯¯¯ '3¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯34¯ / 0¯¯¯ q ¯¯¯¯ î ¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯ ¯¯¯.¯.¯1 -.-. ¯ ¯¯¯ .-. ¯¯t - .. ¯¯¯¯¯¯.¯¯¯¯t-, ¯¯.¯¯.¯-.¯¯.¯¯¯.l.¯¯¯¯-¯ ¯ .... ¯.¯¯..4.¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯1¯.¯¯.¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ..
 EMI19.2
 
<tb> Wire <SEP> not <SEP> processed
<tb>
 
 EMI19.3
 5.7 '15to% 3.8 µ 0.28 0 0.45 --------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- EXAMPLE V.



  ----------
 EMI19.4
 A 14 mil single strand polyhexamethylene fat yarn having a tenacity of 5.4 gr. per denier, an elongation
 EMI19.5
 breakage of 15 and a heat-stretch factor of 0.53, was prepared starting from a polymer which had a viscosity of

 <Desc / Clms Page number 20>

 
 EMI20.1
 fusion of 3..000 to 4.030 poises. J.J0 monofilament was drawn to 500 5S 8.1 presence of steam SU: rC "l1.J.'U .. :: r ..;" .



  The monoil was stretched with Clldilcl with a stretching rate of 1.20 (up to 20 jo) by making it L) ciS ±, 91 by a 40-inch slit made in copper and heated to 1> < 1z.a-ayiikne, at 2150C., The passing speed being 180 feet per minute. The
 EMI20.2
 monofilament thus conditiO :: 'Jlê then had a tenacity of 5.5 grams per denier, an elongation at break (Le, 8.8% and an extensibility factor of 0.34, EXAMPLE VI
 EMI20.3
 no A yarn / drawn of 220 denier, 20 filaments in adi.auidhe polyÀexa1ùàtÀylene from naute vicoeit3 (3000 to 4000 poleea) was completely cold drawn. During the operation dt, air.e, the yarn was subjected at, a t; ait:, aît t: r12r "û.iqu,).

   The yarn was led over a set of draw rollers and then through a wire feeder of the e-ite type, CO; ltI12 that: aortx in la] 16. The puia was driven on a second set of stretching rollers, by a second slot rewinder and on a tl0LJièl1l,. set of draw rollers rotating at the same speed as the second set, so that the wire was kept under tension during heat treatment.

   Before the heat treatment tension was released, the wire was cooled to a temperature more than 5% lower than that of the heat treatment. The heater disposed between the first and the second set of draw rollers was referred to as the draw heater, since the drawing was performed while the wire passed through this heater, while the heater disposed between the second and the third set of draw rollers was called a conditioning heater, since the thermal conditioning was carried out when the yarn was passed through the latter heater.

   When a yarn is subjected to the drawing operation, it usually contacts itself in an amount corresponding to a small percentage if it is allowed to relax after the drawing.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 21>

 ge, without subjecting it to further processing. If the stretching is performed with the application of heat, this elastic tension must
 EMI21.1
 be kept in the wire, during the subsequent heat treatment, during hot conditioning in the stretched state, if the best results are desired in terms of
 EMI21.2
 relates to low thermo-stretch, low elongation and high modulus of elasticity.

   The stretch heater was about three inches long, and the conditioning heater was about 5 inches long. The width of the groove was approximately 1/16 inch in both cases. Table IV shows the typical conditions of the treatment, as well as the results obtained.



   TABLE IV
 EMI21.3
 T aux i R éanaufeur di éà 'Tr ai tenent tne riv ite sset T énaa i- t% 1 al- tFac-'% de q! Éti-1 'nique -' draw of ren-'té gram'long -lteur 'reduction- age t ---------------- 1 ----------------' vi dage 'roes par'ment' de 't 1 on tt euip é- Duration' tempe- 'Duration ie ds i denier' de rup'ther- 'dufac-' rature 'dexpo-' rature t expo'r'p mi t 'Ulo-ex -'teur ce t 1 sition 1 sition Inute '1 tt ens 1-' tne nno '' bilitétexten- 'slbi- ti' t 1 'lité' ### - # - ########### '"" "" "'" 0 <q.5 '0.10' 74 4.62 ', 25001 z2 sec ,,' i 2µ8 c. ' i 0.4 sec .85 'at, 9' t, 9.3% 't, 1' t? 4õ -¯ ¯ ¯¯1¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯C '4 SeC¯¯¯5 4 44 z 251 Ot bzz2 sec .;

   238 1 '0.4 sec 85' 7.1 't 0.14', 63% '- #########' ## '"'" "" "" "" "" "" ' "" '"T'O 9 0.38' 0 -: Z2-t1r-i-Pé; t-; 1 ;;, t; -------- 6: 9 - ï9% - 38-7 ---
 EMI21.4
 
<tb> 4.22 <SEP> stretching <SEP> at <SEP> ambient <SEP> temperature
<tb>
 The yarn thus treated is advantageously employed in the manufacture of tires, belts, pipes and the like.



     EXAMPLE VII -----------
 EMI21.5
 A yarn of p01YhexethYlene adipamide, spun from high viscosity polyide (3,000 - 4,000 poise), was drawn at a temperature of about 2,100 ° C. to the maximum possible limit, without causing breakage. an areciable number of filar [18nts, namely, a draw at 580 10, the wire having been

 <Desc / Clms Page number 22>

 maintained .. under the stretching tension until the temperature has dropped by 10%. After drawing, the yarn had a denier of 465 and a number of filaments of 46. It received 10.2 turns of Z-twist. Three of these twisted yarns were made so as to form a cord, applying a twist of 10.6 in S.

   The rope had a denier of 1490, a tenacity of 7.5 gr. per denier, an elongation at break of 17.5%, a heat-extensibility factor of less than 0.3 and an inflation growth value of 5.4%. The rope was stabilized by hot drawing by passing it through a groove in brass, 40 inches long at a speed of 140 feet per minute, at a temperature of 210-215 ° C. and with a draw of 24%. The rope was held under the tension of the stabilizer bar until the temperature of the rope dropped by 10%. The cord thus obtained had a denier of 1336, a tenacity of 8.0 gr. per denier, an elongation of 12.3% a heat-extensibility factor of less than 0.3 and an inflation growth of 3.6%.

   Although the thermal stretchability factor of the rope was advantageous before the hot stabilization stretching, this latter operation was necessary in order to reduce the inflation growth of the rope to a sufficiently low value.



   EXAMPLE VIII ------------ Polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn spun from a high viscosity polymer was completely drawn without the application of heat. Four of these 210 denier, 34 filament drawn yarns were made by applying a 15.6 Z-twist and three of these strands were cabled by applying a 7.4 S-twist. The rope had a denier of 2795, a tenacity of 5.9 gr. per denier, an elongation of 25.4%. a heat stretch factor of about 0.6 and an inflation growth value of 7.9%.

   The rope was stabilized by stretching by passing it through a heated 30-inch groove at a speed of 45 feet per minute, -

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 at a temperature of 210-215 ° C. and with a draw of 36%. The rope was held under the stabilizing draw tension until its temperature dropped by 10%. The cord thus obtained had a denier of 2400 and a tenacity of 7.5 gr. per denier, an elongation of 16.7%, a thermal extensibility factor of less than 0.3 and an inflation growth of 3.7%.



  Therefore, the hot stabilizing stretching significantly reduced the heat stretch and inflation growth of the cord.



   In the foregoing, it has been mentioned several times that the drawn and heat-treated yarn or cord must be kept under drawing tension until cooled to at least a temperature. 5% less than that of heat treatment, If the tension of a heat-treated, drawn yarn was released while the yarn was still at the temperature of the heat treatment, the desired reduction in the heat-stretch factor would not would not be carried out.

   This is clearly demonstrated by Table V, which represents an example in which a fully cold drawn polyhexamethylene yarn or adipamide was drawn and heat treated at temperatures between 2100 ° C. and 2150 ° C., the stretching tension having been released at various temperatures.



   From these results it appears that when the tension applied to the yarn is released around the temperature of the treatment, the desired lowering, down to 0.3, of the thermo-extensibility factor is not obtained, but if the temperature is first lowered to 1800 ° C. before the tension is released, the heat-stretch factor is lowered very markedly, namely, to 0.24. heat-extensibility up to the desired value of 0.3, the yarn must be cooled to a temperature at least 5% lower than that of the heat treatment.

   To ensure a safety margin

 <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 
 EMI24.1
 Suitably the yarn is preferably cooled to a temperature at least 10 l lower than that of the son. treatment
 EMI24.2
 thermal.
 EMI24.3
 In the various hot conditioning treatments
 EMI24.4
 described above, it is important that the) wire is heat-conditioned,
 EMI24.5
 and then cooled, to a temperature at least 5 zo below that of the hot condii..on.neamnt, while it is
 EMI24.6
 kept under tension. This has the effect of making modifications to the structure which make it possible to produce a characteristic yarn.
 EMI24.7
 ized by a low thermo-extensibility.
 EMI24.8
 TABLE 5.
 EMI24.9
 



  -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------- Rate 'Tempe Temperature-' ViteS-'Den-iertTérla- 'Elongation of the' Factor at 'a1-'txaiteit : ent ter- rature 'se du' du 'city'. wire. - 'de t11el'- longe' nique during 'trai-' fil 'du' il 1 '11l0-exten- xicnt, du ré' te.llcmt '' xde-râ la 'l, 8b' loose sibility- 'piedsy 'deny 1 ru.0; ik4 girl' '1; iG> nt' #; ii:

  .i. '.' 'tre' 'de la' t 1 1 ruz 1. it tension '1' '' l.l6 '210 - als 200 0-' 144 '393' t0 '8.8' 5.8 0.12 ---------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------, t 1 1 t 1 1 1,16 210 - 2150 Ce 'GO ¯C.! ¯¯1dc ^' ^ 30¯¯¯¯ t9¯¯¯1¯¯¯4y ¯¯¯t¯¯l14¯ ------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------- 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1.1G '210 - 2150 C, 800 This id. '1 585 6.0 1 9.9 4.0' 0.14 ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- 1 1 t 1 t, 1 1 1 , 1G '210 - 2150 C.' 100 C. ' idp '¯393¯'t¯¯b¯'¯11.0 -'- ¯5¯¯¯t¯¯12¯ ¯ 1 t 1 bed 11G 210 - 2150 c, 120 ¯C¯¯¯ī¯ >> 14 ¯¯¯t11,3v'¯¯5¯¯¯¯¯J? 14¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯ 1 rtt 1 1 16 210 - 215 0. 15U A "¯¯ī¯¯t¯J¯¯1¯¯¯'L.¯'1 ', 2¯'¯3:

  ¯¯¯t¯¯¯'l¯ ¯ 1 lIt 1 1 l 1.16 '210 - 2150 C' t 1800 ù. i> i. 1 t9> '5, to '13, j' 6,6 ', 24 tt 1 lIt ti to, z., J - 21jo u, 1 210 Up ¯¯f¯ ¯¯1¯¯-, ¯¯5. ¯1¯¯¯p¯¯¯! ¯¯Ur ¯¯ ----------------------------------- ------
 EMI24.10
 L,; S '': Llu ..: lt9? ilis jb C03: Oc :, tc.J., ùli8 ladl '1 "3, L) .t'OC 1l: 3b fai.sant i iD" o jct.: le 1a111 #: nitl.0.'. 1, ): L, w. ', A127t an average factor of tù ..; r- mO-2xt'; 1;, ioilit of 0.3 or., 10Ll "'Before the addition of the,; râ. 3EJ11-
 EMI24.11
 you Invention, no process was known for the production

 <Desc / Clms Page number 25>

 of a filamentary element, starting from a linear synthetic polymer. element which would have had such a low average heat-stretch factor.



   In order to be able to be advantageously used as reinforcing and stress-resistant elements in tires, belts, pipes and the like subjected to tension at relatively high temperatures, the filaments, threads or cords should have an average factor of thrmo- extensibility of 0.3 or less.



   Nylon threads and cords, known to date, were, in view of their high strength and elasticity, very advantageous as reinforcing elements in pheus and the like. However, given their relatively high thermo-stretchability, they could not compete directly with other reinforcing elements known for pheux,
It should be recognized that the superiority of the filaments, threads and cords according to the present invention will bring their use as reinforcing elements for tires and the like in direct competition with cords and threads of cotton and regenerated cellulose. .

   to be fully satisfactory as a reinforcing element for pheus, a filament, yarn or cord must have a low inflation growth value, as well as a slight thermo-extensibility factor. A yarn or cords having virtually no twist, that is, having a twist of less than about one or two turns per inch, will have a sufficiently low inflation growth value (6% or more. less) in view of their use in tires, if such a wire or cord has a thermo-extensibility factor of less than 0.3.



     On the other hand, a yarn or a high twist cord may or may not have a sufficiently low inflation strength value, and this is done by having a thermo-extensibility factor.
A less than 0.3.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 



   In order that high retort yarns or ropes, for example, a twist of three or more turns per inch (based on a 1100 denier yarn), can have a favorable inflation growth value, it is necessary that the final twisted member is stabilized by stretching and cooled without tension release, in accordance with the present invention.

   It is not sufficient that the rope be composed of yarns which have been stabilized by heat drawing in accordance with the process according to the present invention. By committing and by: .. ::.:

  By twisting the individual yarns, the low inflation growth characteristic which has been imparted to these individual yarns by the process according to the present invention is practically destroyed. Therefore, it is necessary that the rope in turn be subjected to the operations according to the invention, consisting of
 EMI26.1
 a, stabilization by hot stretching and cooling prior to release. In order to produce the most advantageous twisted ropes,

     it is therefore preferable that the individual yarns are: stabilized by endnas drawing and that they are re
 EMI26.2
 cold before the Y21Ü "1L1.?" t, according to the piocene according to the invention and that coated it.;! '!.), x or> iusi; #uiB of these threads are juxtaposed and twisted de ':: ld, ni' 9:; ".- h ± Di., i;> 1 the desired string, which will in turn be qta> 1 1 1 .ii,; i by, YvÜ''b: a oiiaud, and ê: the Y'OiiP.

   However, we use t 1) J t ,, - ': J i: l- a string # Vcsitctjç:' - 1s <B, - '; 1; OUaî. t ':, cllît the C (Y'I..l. ;; final has a t b t a, J i l 1 1 coÉ 1 DD ,,), a stretching as C: lct? ; , a - ,. '.'. il.'J1.7 .. ;; :; 1 ¯'C: .t ::; '.: L': J: Cjtk 1 .. '' 1 'il ..;. individual have been ,, '! "'. î ¯i, ..: ¯i. '.,' 7 stabilized"! u.7; 5tirdf '::. O' a cnaud, 9t cooled It goes from you that .. nia ;; 1 ^ 1: 8 l, n'ÙC: 3; J., j,: i described above the temion applied during 1 heat treatment will be, in all 128 cases, inÎàri2V. '"". to call ". which could cause the break of the wire or of a large number 1), 0 ,;) ses iilcLùint:

   Coifime shown above, the .Li l, ') comple bernant etu :)' 3, c 1 est-3, -ciir'3, the threads which have been stretched to a point where their elongation

 <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 residual is 14% -or monk, or ropes made with such yarns, are heat treated while the yarn is drawn from 0.5% to 60% of its stretched length.

   In this connection, it should be noted that, under high temperatures, a linear synthetic polymer yarn or cord may be stretched by an amount greater than its "elongation at break". ii
It is important that the element in question be elongated or extended by at least 0.5% of its fully stretched length, regardless of whether the drawn yarn is subsequently heat treated or if it is heat treated. hot during its stretching.

   The preferred process according to the present invention is to heat extend the wire or cord (i.e., the element to be incorporated into the tire), this extension being practiced to the limit practicable without breakage, and to keep this wire under tension while it cools to a temperature at least 5% lower than that of the heat treatment, it goes without saying that the extent which can be applied depends to a large extent on the type of synthetic linear polymer of which the yarn or cord is made, the spinning conditions under which the element was produced,

     the amount of which it was previously cold drawn, the (. rope structure (2 strands, 3 strands, etc.), the moisture content of the yarn or rope, etc. In the case of yarns , ropes etc.

   of polyhexamethylene adipamide, fully stretched, cold, it is preferable that they are stretched in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 60% of their fully stretched length, while being subjected to the heat treatment. To obtain favorable results, the twisted ropes retted, tires must be stretched, during the hot-stretching process,

   of a quantity equal to at least 10% of their elongation at break at the high temperature applied. Higher degrees of stretch will ensure better characteristics and in some cases it may be advantageous to extend the ropes up to 90%

 <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 
 EMI28.1
 have them O = 1 jei'ii.pn of 1 "1.:it;: 'i> a la Haut'; it :: i, i,> J #. atui;?, 5 aç ai 1 qu às il va of itself all '10? Lil.¯ d? :: lvti'i "i. <or: 'i'. # determine Isa conditions ¯! 'GV; 6; Û.Jt': 5,; ti; ii'Éii for 0-0 a wire or a.3 string 'cLß,:; .. it n.'i.t0j; t. ga1 factor; i.i =:% L ..i .i: 1 1 ::. z..to>: # .t to i: z.,: i> - .; > <t -:; i #> 1 ù 1 1 1 il 1 t ii i 1:; 1>;

   Jr t;. q i: 1;> 1 1 = c:; oi.:. '.' 'anc3 au o.ifl.- A; i J ,; > J d3 l.I, Tjserrc!.:; Ù 1: 1 - e s ± 1 on, we have found that 3i a wire or '11C1'; rope <#. it t. '.. :) from up to. 1.x 3 ds its length colt. '' R.i.:.'t .t. To t 1 1 1.; , il ..1 a :. : l = ', al t.:. , aW1 .i;. j fiia a .t 1 .5n t..s s f av, J z. a "o 1 fiie 1 t .110: C1 :: ï1 ':? 1t do: .utu': 3t u <1 ;;; a; J: l; * 1 tc'ti0'x1 from module to>: àli : 3- t 1 c 1 t C II, '...,: 0.': T; àL 2 .jxe.1.: - '; 0: 1t :: that at t -i 1.ià ag d;? lVi7C0: 1 1 J $ gives the thread these C CC "" Ccl.Ct: ':: 7.:7 ti', "111. '.' ',' â a.vantag> 3.iis: es ..Ciune f..i- gs ài i. to i ;; 1 z, 1;::> 1 o = a to u. followed t 1 1 1 n <> - e ii t i o.a aimed,; ;; n, iu i r d3p fil: ayazi, un tlloii <± ,;

   .:. 1t:>. T.ux'é in i: 'Éi:' 1> a> r at 14 and '.-' itu.d ji ".r, àJ.:? IY; 3 '<1t? 1 "ji .t 14) In ConuriC indicates L1.1-: 1¯ï.il ,! il 1. = # t 11 to #s D 'i. ;;;> i established C] .Àt'11.! a. wire or c o r <1 ..9. #. ; y01 - :: i 3 ::. "..": u; j-. <t l i to t 1 :: j '>. i 1 1; ; 1, # i i r =,, :: j- ii: t; J.Y1 .C t.l'11 .: 'from t ii - ..> "" to> J- i? ;; - t? ; i: .i 1 1 1 î 1 t C '.: w 0, or i o i n: s #; U.! 1 :; va.l.u: '. from e - r to 1,. : / a ... o to ozla .: â (Du hi.oi.-. i .- i: from a 1 1:> ar 't 1 c .iLl 1%;:; 5.ii.3; 1 Vci.nta'ux <j .j,, i; i - e, J. ": 1. '; O .. <.;:.:. 7'tl C 5> c 1> = t' t :> x, ic tq 1: qu :;:; .J .J 1 1 ¯, .u..i 01.1 ';; 1 t: d; utu.; ..; .i-1 son, fl :. ; Ju, 1 '' ;., '. .. r? 1 à't: à à't;> 1olli qu.



  , toL-i son TQ p o l j .1, 1 'Fa 3 y .i t l: i to .t ï .., .i, ;; 1 i to .l ai l. <; , of which 1 ';: l l onôo <> 1?;.; .. '.. ... ih¯ n. "aoit ;;. 3 .3: î 1 =>, 1 5 .te:> :. 12 µ j, .3e:; have; xlß) 10; r: everything t'a: .jdV,: '. t'2. ,,;' ",. :: Îh '::' 't, tcaj, i> =; ; at i, at 1 "#> 1, t d- 1:, 9 1 '<t: J.1.' - <E '.., 1 5 #; t, 1. "5 L at t ai ?. aux ffo'its, g ..W. :: 1 :: 1; .. '')>, # 1.- ū i <, ù oojt3 .3, 1, .i:; 1 s> ii ..:>, .., Î ;; i.; where?:. S qu 1 ac d3 i .jn, = #; <, j; ; j -: a x t .i. <.; ; s 1.; i L 1 .v é:; 1> to l Î3 .ir, ü.: L; ', 7: L 0,, 4.



  We = 1 1,;: ¯ii i: ..; , =; <.; .u .- '; "! tion': i3 é Tr lq ià.s,; L, i."; ili 1 'àl l Dn i. <iià = i, 1,36 => a:,> ,, = ", = jp iq 1:.: .., Cci 1 zst uii = j,>, r <, 1 that we observe that: 9 1 .ù>. i>.; i-? 0iti. ': nt of a pnau -? (1 .i> i 1 ..J 1 c> 9 n; <1 .à, 1.; Ii: ±;, 7, .4: S <5. Elongation 3. la ': .uptu:' '' of the yarn which i é;>.,. I li t 1 t &.,: l Î .l 1 to.>.>; <: n.> i to.> i & t c1; 1 Y? to efforts,., in rather d.2 ..i], ' 1 <, 1 1, <> ji - <,.;. E.:, It> i 3 or the tension of aervicc, laqu'ell?. '. = - ra gën.ale..i.' 'Nt .t , i about 1.36 for nylon. This C, O. f i.0y011C! J. 1 llan, ¯; e -.;: vo 1.5u ":. 1ül: a Cxlélt; 0.

   Pa.TiOYl 10 pounds

 <Desc / Clms Page number 29>

 English for a rope of 2,500 denier, which represents a test often applied in the manufacture of tires. Lengthening at 1.86 gr. per denier is sometimes referred to as "stretch" or "ease of stretch", as it represents the amount by which a yarn can be stretched under a given load. The filiform products according to the invention have a low capacity for extension compared to known nylon threads.



   A low elongation value under a given load, for example, 1.86 gr. per denier means that the yarn has a high modulus of elasticity, since the latter is inversely proportional to the elongation under a given load. The modulus of elasticity expressed in gr. per clan area, to produce a 1% spread can be easily calculated from the "tension versus effort" curve for a given yarn, or it can be roughly calculated by dividing 1.86 gr. by denier, by the elongation at this load. The measurements relating to the tensions as a function of the forces, which provided the values of modulus of elasticity cited in the present description were carried out. on a Scott training device.

   The modulus of elasticity in gr / denier required to produce an extension (the 1% was calculated from a load required to produce an extension of 3%; however the stress-strain curves for such yarns are, generally, substantially linear from zero stretch to 3% stretch and somewhat above.

   In general, it has been found advantageous to treat yarns according to the invention until the modulus of elasticity has increased by at least 5%, up to 100% and even more As noted above, the wire or rope can undergo a dry heat treatment while in contact with a hot solid surface, a hot liquid, and inert (non-reactive, non-solvent, and non-solvent). swelling) with respect to the thread or the

 <Desc / Clms Page number 30>

 
 EMI30.1
 of, for example, the metal of ';

  'orl \' 1 fusion, or a gaseous heating agent
The temperature of the heating medium will depend on the type of heating equipment. employee, conditions of trans-
 EMI30.2
 .ilif.J2ion ùe heat, da 1! éJ? ai ') "i8u: r: t from the speed to the wire, from the dUl: J'., from the contact of the wire with the thermal agent and from nature chemical d2S P01Y111? ::. r: 38 synthetic lL1.:sa.ir, "; 8. For example, a vii. or A- COXQ ,? pe; .t ctyp co-idait around a :: Ol, ll '.'. aL1 dlavanC8jllent, then through, through a .v, -cha; J.ff,:. 1; n, with cnaufie groove, then through a 1 chau: Z'f (; ur tùoulai, à aire cnaud, r? 4 12 feet, COI1.Ytl8 showed in .D'i, s .. 4 8, 3.

   Following a va: ciantA, the wire can tJ "against Wood's metal, in accordance with .'ids 9 and 10. Wood's nietal ensures U: (J more intb18 contact with the wire and has for effect a transmission: more" Therefore, Wood's metal implies a bath time of,} d.E1 3a.6c shorter than hot air. It goes without saying that we can use others
 EMI30.3
 low-y707 metals or alloys. t (the .LtZ:; 10Z1 'such as those intended for welding.
 EMI30.4
 



  The amount of heating required to ensure a L-ble theri; lo - xtwzmipilit or low growth on inflation depends on the type of polymer, and the amount by which the yarn has been previously drawn, by the degree. extension prints to the wire during the hot conditioning treatment, the type of heating equipment used, the heat transfer conditions, and the temperature of the heat exchanger. In general, and under a given set of conditions, the higher the temperature of the thermal agent, the longer the time required to achieve temperature.
 EMI30.5
 The given thermo-stretchability will be short.

   The upper limits of the heating time and temperature depend on the detrimental effects of the heating on the tenacity of the yarn.



   Filaments, threads, ropes etc. low factor of
 EMI30.6
 tl1.ermo-extensi'abilité, produced according to the invention are parti-

 <Desc / Clms Page number 31>

 Especially advantageous as stress-resistant reinforcing elements in rubber articles such as tires, belts, hoses, and the like. They are generally useful everywhere. permanent elongation due to heat and stress would be detrimental. The low extension growth is particularly beneficial in tires, but is also useful in other items, such as hoses, where. it is not desirable that the dimensions of the article increase when it is subjected to a stress in the absence of heat.



  The filamentary products according to the invention can be coated with any desired coating to obtain articles resistant to heat-stretchability. For example, they can be coated with neoprene, phenol-formaldehyde-based resins, vinyl resins ;, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate co-polymers, vinylidene chloride polymers. and its co-polymers with vinyl chloride, methyl methacrylate resins, pyroxylin, cellulose acetate, and other plastics.



   The adhesion of filamentary products to rubber can be achieved by using any known adhesive, for example, latex-resin adhesives used to bond spoke to rubber. This bonding can also be achieved by means of biisothiocyanate biisocyanate, as described in the US patent application Hernden, Serial No. 403,765 filed July 23, 1941.



   Linear synthetic polymers used in the manufacture of yarns, cords and the like according to the present invention may contain additions such as anti-oxidants, light and heat stabilizers, such as phenolic compounds. or their derivatives, for example:

   catechol, p-tertiary butyl catechol, the products of the condensation of formaldehyde or ketone with these catechols,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 32>

 
 EMI32.1
 o-hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid, 1-1 IIP0l'i1è; \. luxH (bi-ortl1o1yl-gaanidine salt of bicatechol-boric acid), balliqu acid, phenol-formaldehyde-based resins, notauliilimt the resin Bakelite 403, anti-fragility agents such as phenylalphanaphthyle-eUlline, beta-na.J? 11tyle-.c.iD0, di.tli.1llyl-guanidine and phenoti'lia7, ill-e aes changes, plasticizers, etc.



  The thermo-stretchability of linear synthetic polyamide based elements can be further reduced by the hot-stretch stabilization process according to the invention if, prior to their hot-stretch stabilization, the filaments , threads or ropes contain certain materials known as
 EMI32.2
 able to accentuate the. reduction of thermo-extensibility by stabilization treatments by hot stretching. As examples of substances having this property, mention may be made of: phenols and the condensation products of phenols with
 EMI32.3
 aldehydes or ketones, for example, butyl-phenol-for-tertiary aldehyde resin, phenol-formaldehyde resins and para-hydroxybiphenyl.

   These materials may be incorporated into the linear synthetic polyamide prior to spinning thereof, or, optionally, the yarn may be impregnated with a solution in which the materials specified above are soluble. Stearic acid incorporated into the linear synthetic polyamide-based yarn, by the vehicle of a solution, also provides this.
 EMI32.4
 marked reduction in thermo-stretchability follows a stabilization by hot stretching. In general, the linear synthetic polyamide yarn can contain a proportion of
 EMI32.5
 0.01.0 - 10 10 of the materials cited above. Preferably, this proportion is between 1% and 5. These percentages are understood to be by weight of the dry yarn.



   In view of the remarkable flexibility and elasticity of these filaments, one can use relatively thick filaments, and the fact that all the filaments are intimately bound to the core.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 33>

 outchouc, does not matter. Indeed, it is possible to use, as reinforcing elements for tires and similar articles, fabrics constituted by individual, separated, very thick filaments, called monofilaments, instead of being composed of cords with multiple filaments. Monofilaments can be 10 denier and even less and up to 1000 denier and more.



   Although the products obtained according to the invention have been described from the point of view of the characteristics which they exhibit before their incorporation into a tire or other article, it goes without saying that these characteristics remain in the filaments, threads or cords after these characteristics. the latter have been carefully removed from a tire or other object.



   The use of the filaments and yarns obtained according to the invention, in combination with other textile yarns, such as cotton yarns, regenerated cellulose yarns, etc. is not contraindicated, although the best results are obtained with nylon alone.



   Although the examples cited above relate to nylon filaments and threads prepared from polyhexamethylene adipamide, however, they are not limited thereto. For example, nylon filaments and threads prepared from polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polydecaiuethylenet sebacamide of a 6-aminocaproic acid polymer, and other polyamides and inter-polyamides, as disclosed in US Patents NOS: 2,130,948; 2,214,405; 2,298,868 and 2,071,253, can also be; treated in accordance with the invention.

   It should be noted that filaments prepared starting from linear synthetic polymers other than linear synthetic polyamides 1 can also be processed according to the present invention. These linear synthetic polymers include, in addition to polyamides, polyesters, polyethers, polyacestes, mixed polyesters-polyamides, etc., which, for example, can

 <Desc / Clms Page number 34>

 be prepared by a condensation polymerization process,
 EMI34.1
 like that written (4¯a.ns the A-tnéréricain patent T 2,071,230. As indicated above -, the treatment of elements established in accordance with the present invention must be carried out without reaching the melting point of the wire.

   Therefore, various temperature limits should be observed for the heat treatment of the different polymers, depending on their melting point.
By means of the present invention, tires of remarkable strength and durability can be produced. In view of the great strength and elasticity in folding and in traction of such synthetic polyamide filaments, cords of a substantially lower denier and of a lower twist than is generally the case may be employed. cotton and rayon cords. Because of this reduction in denier, significantly lighter and thinner tires can be made, which therefore may contain less rubber.

   Likewise, by using cords of the same denier, it is possible, by using fewer tablecloths, to produce lighter and thinner tires having the same resistance as the tires known to date.



   An unexpected result of the process according to the invention helps in the fact that, when the invention is applied to a cord or to the element brought to the final stage in which it is incorporated into the tire, and that this element is is subjected to stretching near the upper limit thereof, the filaments or bundles
 EMI34.2
 .éauezitair; û of filcwlcnts aont forced 1,: ;; 8 against each other, "; 1: l8.Ilikc: '" pre wt.:r un; = juxtdo $ ibion to p3U .1.) 1. "8.3 hexagonal, which here for :( bakehouse effect a string or other element whose site is increased to tuii .:: nani?: z: zur.!.);. :::. a te.

   This is advantageous, since a string of Ü :: Jtanc0 àorm3e, qua, constant resistance, occupies a smaller volume, allows to reduce more the thickness.
 EMI34.3
 tires and use less rubber .2ar .J, Set.



  In addition, and since, during the vulcanization process,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 35>

 As the nylon filaments tend to adapt to non-uniform stresses, their resistance to stresses in the finished tire will be uniform.



  The usual commonly employed safety factor can be significantly reduced, further reducing the amount of nylon required per unit of rubber for a given load.



  This reduction in the thickness and weight of the tire has the effect not only of reducing the centrifugal forces which act on the latter, but also of lowering its manufacturing cost; on the other hand, it reduces the heat produced due to the bending of the tire and, on the other hand, increases the speed of heat dissipation.



   The present invention makes it possible to obtain tire cords exhibiting low elongation, both at breaking force and at working tension, which generally represents about 1.86 gradations per denier. . This is highly advantageous in a tire cord, as mentioned above. The invention makes it possible to produce nylon yarns for tire cords, having for a load of 1.86 grams per denier, elongations 25% lower than those of the best nylon yarns known previously and intended for to tire ropes (see Table III).

   In addition, the invention makes it possible to achieve an elongation at break 30 ° lower than that of the best nylon threads known previously (see Example II, Table II and Example III).



   The invention further enables to establish nylon filaments, threads and cords, having high tenacity, which is a very advantageous characteristic for cords intended for tires, and various other uses.



   In view of the high resistance to permanent deformation, and the wide elastic limits of such polyamide yarns, as well as their tendency to exhibit very low "plastic creep", rubber tires and other products can be made. analogues according to the invention, which exhibit growth due to the thermo-extensibility of the support element.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 36>

 necessarily, remarkably reduced.



   It goes without saying that the tarnish "rubber" used in the description and in the claims refers to both natural rubber and synthetic rubber.



   Other improved products which include filaments, threads and cords treated in accordance with the present invention,
 EMI36.1
 are among others, p l.'9: uiValt: 3: belts (transmission, ropes, fabrics for parachutes, fabrics for airplanes, fabrics for 'balloons, envelopes of self-healing tanks for tanks
 EMI36.2
 burants, (intended for airplanes;:!, silks for all uses, fishing lines, sewing threads, curtains for showers, umbrellas, etc.



   Of course, many changes and modifications can be made to the details described above, without departing from the invention.



    'CLAIMS
 EMI36.3
 1.- A method of reducing the heat-extensibility and the growth on inflation of a filamentous product consisting of a linear synthetic polymer, consisting in subjecting the said roughness, in the completely stretched state, to a heat treatment
 EMI36.4
 dry, at a temperature between 1000 Cr and a - ?, temperature 2 Co about 5 Co lower than the melting point of the polyitiere considered, this treatment tctl't i; ..! ¯; liquj while the product 3e found in the state r "" Ü10il ..:; 2jT "" l1; of at least>, 5) 1; 3t, to: cfro1- dir 1 ,, produced up to a .. ;; ' . =, uj.ß'a.tuß:

   (J, 'ct.U; lOin8 5; lower than that of t .:. Di t'.3iilullt thermal, while:, 1ct.int211ctf.lt, the Z) .L't7C1-ta.l. in the state of elongation t: Lli li ('aù 1013 of the heat treatment.



  2.- Process according to 1,:; 1, coating 1, in which the poly.re 8qt (lu nylon.



  3.- Method: following 1 = Yi: liàlCatiOl1 1, characterized in that the polymer is ..;, dil.) C.tl.1lrie of .I.) Olyl1 (Xa;.! 1étl1YlèJ1e.



  4.- Proceeds to reduce thermo-stretchability and

 <Desc / Clms Page number 37>

 growth on swelling of a filamentous product consisting of a linear synthetic polymer, consisting in subjecting this product, in the completely stretched state, to a dry heat treatment at a temperature between 1000 C. and a temperature below 5 C. approximately at the melting point of the polymer in question, for a period of between 0.1 second and 8 hours, and while the product is subjected to an elongation of at least 0.5%; and, cooling this product to a temperature at least 5% lower than that of said heat treatment while maintaining the product in. this state of elongation.



     5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the polymer is nylon.



   6. A method according to claim 4, wherein
 EMI37.1
 the polymer is 11 adij? lllide of polynexaanethylenes. 7. A process for reducing the tensile strength, swelling growth and elongation at break of a filamentary product consisting of a linear synthetic polymer, consisting in subjecting this product, in the fully stretched state to a stretch. dry heat treatment at a temperature between 1000 C. and a temperature approximately 5 C. below the melting point of the polymer considered, this while the product is in the state of elongation of at least 3%, ;

  and, cooling the product to a temperature at least 5% lower than that of the heat treatment, while maintaining the product in this state of elongation.
 EMI37.2
 



  8.- A process for reducing the thermo-extensibility, inflation growth and elongation at break of a filamentous product made of a linear synthetic polymer, consisting of 3. subjecting this product, in the fully stretched state, to a
 EMI37.3
 dry heat treatment. at a temperature of between 1000 C. and a temperature approximately 5 C. below the melting point of the polymer in question, for a period of between

 <Desc / Clms Page number 38>

 
 EMI38.1
 0.1 seconds and 8 hours and while the product is
 EMI38.2
 elongation of at least 3%;

  and, in cooling this product to a temperature dta1! 'noins 5 510 lower? to that of ti. so-ùent tner-
 EMI38.3
 while maintaining the product in this state of elongation.
 EMI38.4
 



  9.- Proceeds to reduce the thermo-stretch and swelling growth of a filamentous product consisting of a linear synthetic polymer a nn .J 1 st: mt to stretch the product cold to an elongate i) o '; Li'lc; \. I10nt not Ú'Dcl.S8a {). T not 14 0; at, 30umettrc this product cold drawn to a dry heat treatment at a compressed temperature between 100 c. and a temperature of 0. (] S Cl of about 1: 1: 3m., U. the melting point of the polymer is considered, while the product is in the cllallon state:.; 8; t113nt d 'at least .5 5; and, ai "' ':).' wW c produces to a temperature at least 5 jb lower than that of the Miermique treatment, while maintaining the product in this state of elongation .



  10.- Method for reducing the TV, 10-ext .: ') 13i'oilit; 0t the belief in bJnfld, (:!; 'Of a filamentous product consisting of - ". LI' a j) olY; ii.8 ::::: :: '; Y] 1 Ü1: jt iqu, i in ± = 1i j¯, con .;) L: ta; 1 a stretch this product a: oid until an elongation l!; '1 "ll k: lt not differing pae 14) 1; subjecting this cold-drawn product to a dry heat treatment at a temperature of between 1000 c. .and a temperature below cl! c :: vi ::. on 50 o c- at the m.ion point of the polymer considered: d, that for one. Ó '(lu': 3 "C01il): 'i;:;,, between 0.1 second and 8 hours z. P. 1 ù, 1' qu. Ce x: ollll- 3. '. ... , UV '' '' '13 the state of elongation of ,, far Oyj 5; t1 a cool 1 product to a temperature, 11, "' ('ïRa (15> û 11') ', ": ':' 1 ',' 1 '\"' W1 'from die tement ther..iT, all n "ic, int ;;' ilcv, 1t le di ';: <1.> <- .. ôi i 'i ..; ..- i <;

   , ->; t state of; cllOl1,5 ", l'c:; '. t, Ilft- Close? oū ¯ i to <. = i to 1? 1.¯ tl. ¯, l) -8. {t'2! Sloilit.3, belief in swelling \.} 3 t the development of = uJ llàr, 9 of a spun product .-, ic "; 1't;.;:; UX constituted by a . linear synthetic polymer, consisting of;. cold stretching this product up to 8, a relevant elongation not exceeding 14 °; to; 30ume be this cold drawn product

 <Desc / Clms Page number 39>

 to a dry heat treatment at a temperature between
100 C. and a temperature of about 5 C. below the melting point of the polymer in question, while this product is in the state of elongation of at least 3%;

   and, cooling the product to a temperature at least 5% lower than that of the heat treatment, while maintaining the product in this state of elongation.
12; A method of reducing the thermal stretch, the growth on inflation and the elongation at break of a filamentary product made of a linear synthetic polymer, consisting in stretching said product in the cold state to a permanent elongation not exceeding 14 %;

   in subjecting said cold-drawn product to a dry heat treatment at a temperature of between 100 ° C. and a temperature approximately 5 Ce below the melting point of the polymer in question, for a period of between 0.1 second and 8 hours and while this product is in an elongation state of at least 3%; and, cooling this product to a temperature of at least 5% lower; to that of heat treatment, while maintaining the product in this state of elongation.



   13.- A method of reducing the heat-extensibility and the growth on swelling of a filamentous product consisting of a linear synthetic polymer, consisting in subjecting said product, in the fully stretched state, to a treatment with steam at a temperature between 100 ° C. and a temperature of about 5 ° C. below the melting point of the polymer under consideration, while the product is in the elongated state of at least 0.5%;

   and cooling this product to a temperature at least 5% lower than that of the steam treatment, while maintaining the product in this state of elongation.



   14.- Method for reducing the thermo-extensibility and the growth on inflation of a filamentous product consisting of a

 <Desc / Clms Page number 40>

   linear synthetic polymer, consisting in subjecting the product, in the fully stretched state, to steam treatment at a compressed temperature between 100 C. and a lower temperature of about 5 C.

   at the melting point of the polymer considers, for a period of between 0.1 second and 3 hours; 3, while
 EMI40.1
 a # p., "n to;, i 1 tae .t" Juv <r- state 'PJ1Ioü';? "': uj't, I, I2.U ..iOin8 0, 5' jl j and cooled "i said p..o.'Luit t J";. 3 q 'ù.' i ?, l'cl un'- '-, .lm, #p à; at à.i' dLU 1> io I ne fi / 1 infiiou7e. A cellf of trait i: ;; ':; t pax. The vapor all M maint? -' (Jan7- tc 'produced da-.sl' state <1 'iol 1 oii i .. "i '? mt 13- TTocëd pou'". ".r .É to: J 1 r? la t: 1C ':" .. j, Q-'xt (1: Js10i1ité et la ci # 1 Y g an this at g; o. <;

   i? l # 1 = # of a p? .ûduit t î ila oi. # ii te .aX constituted by a ,, oij ;;%.: "n synthetic .1 1 1> to aira con3ita.nt pouniettre C0 ; -¯., Jǯùit µ, i;, qf = aà'triiiflilt '11 ± 11J1 '.. <iiol) i; Îj sec un3 Îeiiipàîà'flîie CDIÎI- j = .. i entered, 9 1 oo O c .. to w? #Pt?., <I13 to <'a'tU.,)? 50 C - approximately infrisu-:' - 'at. Melting point of fQ1 i% 1 "9 con' ; id.'s, for a 'lasting 0') ,, 1- p-'i "? entr3, j, i second t 3 muo3, qu., this product is = µ tij-to, un allon , jej / ';.'. t;. = .: r., ;; j, no;: <it which n: -. ' must not ùnot; #. JJ = 14; and cool this product to a temperature of: noL13 5, j;

   lower ci zie du t'.ai Lent tiieri; àque, while maintaining the product in this state of elongation *
16.- Proceeds to obtain a twisted rope made of a linear synthetic polymer, and characterized by a low
 EMI40.2
 ble thermo-exten3i'oilit3 nt a low inflation growth, consisting of subjecting a yarn made of a linear synthetic polymer to a heat treatment at a temperature between-
 EMI40.3
 be 1000 C.

   p.i a temperature lnf.5r, i :: myp d8 5 0. approximately at the melting point of the constidered polymer, while. this thread is
 EMI40.4
 maintained in the state of extension of at least 0 15 s; cooling this wire to a temperature at least 5% lower than that of the heat treatment, while maintaining the wire in this elongation state;

   to commit and twist to the monk two of the threads thus treated, to found a string to submit this string

 <Desc / Clms Page number 41>

 to heat treatment at a temperature of between 100 ° C. and a temperature of about 5 ° C. below the melting point of the polymer under consideration, while the cord is in the state of elongation of at least 0.5% ; and, cooling the rope to a temperature at least 5% lower than that of the heat treatment of the rope, while maintaining this rope in the state of elongation.



   17.- Process for obtaining a twisted cord made of a linear synthetic polymer and characterized by low tehrmo-extensibility and low inflation growth, consisting in subjecting a yarn of linear synthetic polymer to a heat treatment at a temperature included. between 100 ° C. and a temperature of 5 ° C., approximately lower than the melting point of the polymer considered, while the wire is elongated at least 0.5%; cooling this yarn to a temperature at least 5% lower than that of the heat treatment while maintaining the yarn in this state of elongation; in making and twisting at least two threads thus treated, so as to produce a rope;

   in subjecting this rope to heat treatment at a temperature between 1000 C. and a temperature of 5 C. about less than the melting point of the polymer, while the cord is in the state of elongation of at least 10% of its elongation at break at the high temperature applied; and, cooling the rope to a temperature at least 5% lower than that of the heat treatment of the rope, while maintaining this rope in the stretched state.