BE403536A - - Google Patents

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Publication number
BE403536A
BE403536A BE403536DA BE403536A BE 403536 A BE403536 A BE 403536A BE 403536D A BE403536D A BE 403536DA BE 403536 A BE403536 A BE 403536A
Authority
BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
axes
circles
devices
elements
spheres
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
French (fr)
Publication of BE403536A publication Critical patent/BE403536A/fr

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/224Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22303Details of ball cages

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)

Description

       

   <Desc/Clms Page number 1> 
 



  BREVET D'INVENTION. 



  ". Perfectionnements apportés aux joints universels ". 



   L'invention est relative aux joints universels pour assurer la liaison entre deux arbres ou autres éléments en ro- tation, joints du type de ceux dits ëhomocinétiques",   cestà-   dire pour lesquels la vitesse de l'arbre entraîné demeure à chaque instant la même que celle de l'arbre entraîneur, quelles que soient les positions relatives des deux arbres. 



   Elle a pour but, surtout, de rendre ces dispositifs tels qu'ils répondent, mieux que jusqu'à présent, aux divers desiderata de la pratique, notamment qu'ils permettent d'évi- ter tout coincement des organes destinés à assurer la liaison entre les deux éléments à accoupler. 



   Elle consiste, principalement   -- en   même temps qu'à agencer de manière telle, les dispositifs du genre en ques- tion, que les points par lesquels s'effectue l'accouplement des éléments à entraîner soient astreints à se déplacer sur des cercles appartenant à des sphères générées autour des axes 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 2> 

 desdits éléments et de centre commun confondu avec le point de rencontre de ces axes --, à disposer ces cercles de façon que leurs plans, au lieu de contenir respectivement lesdits axes, comme déjà connu, soient coupés par ces   derniers-,   et ce, suivant des angles tels que les susdits points demeurent sur les sphères dans le plan diamétral bissecteur des deux axes. 



   Elle consiste,   mise à   part cette disposition prin- cipale, en certaines autres dispositions qui s'utilisent de préférence en même temps et dont il sera plus explicitement parlé ci-après. 



   Elle vise plus particulièrement certains modes d'ap- plication, ainsi que certains modes de réalisation, desdites dispositions; et elle vise plus particulièrement encore, et ce à titre de produits industriels nouveaux, les dispositifs du genre en question comportant application de ces mêmes disposi- tions, les éléments spéciaux propres à leur établissement, ainsi que les ensembles, fixes ou mobiles, comprenant de sem- blables dispositifs. 



   Et elle pourra, de toute façon, être bien comprise l'aide du complément de description qui suit, ainsi que des dessins ci-annexés, lesquels complément et dessins ne sont, bien entendu, donnés surtout qu'à titre d'indication. 



   La fig. 1, de ces dessins, est un -schéma illustrant le principe de l'invention. 



   La fig. 2 montre, en coupe, un joint homocinétique établi conformément à l'invention. 



   La fig. 3 montre, séparément, en élévation, l'un des éléments dudit joint, cet élément étant lui-même établi con- formément à l'invention. 



   La fig. 4 montre, séparément, en coupe partielle, un organe de guidage comporté par ce joint. 



   Les fig. 5 et 6 sont d'autres schémas aidant à la compréhension de l'invention. 



  Selon l'invention, et plus   pécialement   selon ceux 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 3> 

 de ses modes duplication, ainsi que ceux des modes de réali- sation de ses diverses parties auxquels il semble qu'il y ait lieu d'accorder la préférence, se proposant d'établir un dis- positif de joint universel destiné à relier deux arbres A et B dont les axes se coupent en un point 0, ou, d'une façon gé- nérale, deux éléments en rotation autour de tels axes, par exemple un joint destiné à permettre d'entraîner leg   fumées   des roues directrices d'un véhicule automobile à traction avant, on s'y prend comme suit, ou de façon analogue, 
On agence de façon telle, ce dispositif,

   que les joints par lesquels s'effectue l'accouplement des éléments à entraîner soient astreints à se déplacer sur des cercles appar tenant à des sphères générées autour des axes desdits arbres et de centre commun confondu avec le point 0 de rencontre de ces axes, mais, au lieu, comme on l'avait déjà proposé, de   dispo   eer ces ceroles de façon que leurs plans contiennent lesdits axes, cette solution   présenta:

  entre   autres, l'inconvénient grave de ne pas assurer une position stable aux points de liaison lorsque les arbres viennent à être en prolongement, ce qui donne lieu à descoincements, on dispose ces cercles de façon telle que leurs plans soient coupés par lesdits axes, et ce suivant des angles tels que les points de liaison demeurent sur un grand cercle appar- tenant au plan diamétral bissecteur de l'angle formé par les deux axes, de façon à réaliser   l'homocinétie,   un tel ensemble permettant d'éviter le susdit inconvénient, comme on   l'expli-   citera plus loin/ 
On pourra réaliser, notamment, les conditions qui viennent   d'être   indiquées, en procédant de façon telle que cha cun des susdits points soit astreint,

   à chaque instante à se trouver à l'intersection de deux grands cercles appartenant respectivement aux sphères générées et tels qu'ils soient nor- maux à des diamètres de ces sphères passant par des parallèles 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 4> 

 équidistants des lignes équilatérales formées respectivement par des plans perpendiculaires à l'axe conducteur et à l'axe conduit* 
Sur la fig. 1, on a indiqué deux cercles de ce genre   g 1 et g  2 se coupant en deux points 1 et 2, et deux autres cer- 
10 20 cles du même genre 0 et 0 se coupant en deux autres points 3 et 4, l'ensemble donnant donc quatre points de liaison. 



   Sur la fig. 5, d'autre part, on a illustré les rap- ports angulaires existant entre deux cercles tels que 61 et 62 et les axes A et B. Si l'on désigne   par 1   et p2 les plans      des susdites lignes équatoriales, par Q1 et Q deux   parallè.   les équidistantes de ces lignes, et par R1   et! 2   deux rayons passant respectivement par ces parallèles, rayons supposés être dans le plan de la figure, les plans des cercles 1   et Ç 2   
2 sont choisis perpendiculaires aux rayons R1 et   R  La susdite condition peut aussi s'exprimer par le fait que ces cercles générateurs sont normaux aux génératrices de cônes ayant le point 0 pour sommet, et les parallèles tels que Q1 Q2 pour ba.

   ses- 
Il serait aisé de montrer que, lors de l'entraine- ment d'un arbre par l'autre, les points 1 et 2 (qui se proje- tent au point C sur la fig. 5), se déplacent sur un grand cer- cle disposé dans le plan bissecteur S. 



   De toute façon, on peut faire cette remarque es- sentielle, que les tangentes telles que T1 T(fige 1) aux cercles générateurs en leurs points de rencontre, se coupent même dans le cas où les arbres sont en prolongement l'un de l'autre, de sorte que la position desdits points est toujours assurée de façon parfaitement stable et sans aucun risque de coincement des organes qui matérialisent ces points. 



   Pour mettre en pratique la disposition de principe qui vient d'être exposée, il suffira, comme représenté sur les fige 2 et 3 -- pour lesquelles on a supposé qu'on avait recours, pour chaque arbre, à deux cercles générateurs, C1 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 5> 

 et C10 pour l'arbre A, C2 et C 20 pour l'arbre B --, de maté- rialiser, d'une part, les points tels que 1, 2, 3, 4 par   de?   billes 5 et, d'autre part, les cercles générateurs, par des chemins de guidage d'allure toriques traces, 10 les uns, ceux correspondant aux cercles C1 et C, sur une tête sphérique 6 ménagée en bout de l'arbre A, 
2 20 et les autres,ceux correspondant aux cercles C et C, sur une sphère de plus grand diamètre ménagée à l'intérieur   d*uhe   coquille 7 montée en bout de l'arbre B. 



   En outre, le point 0, centre commun aux deux sphè- res, est matérialisée par une rotule 8 montée à l'intérieur de la tête 6. 



   Les   billes   5, pour la facilité du montage, peuvent être maintenues dans un même plan par une cage 9 ayant par exemple la forme d'une butée à billes munie d'entretoises 10. 



   Pour montrer la position des chemins de guidage sur les sphères on a représenté développées et rabattues l'une sur l'autré, sur la figa 6, les deux sphères générées de la tête 6 et de la coquille 7, ces sphères étant supposées de même diamètre. Les portions utilisées, de ces sphères.   pour-   ront varier suivant les variations d'angle prévues entre les deux axes A et B;

   on peut généralement s'arranger de telle manière que les billes n'aient pas à venir jusqu*au point de 
2   20   rencontre 11 des deux chemins   toriques 0 0   
En suite de quoi, quel que soit le mode de réalisa,* tion adopté, on obtient un ensemble dont le.fonctionnement ressort suffisamment de ce qui précède pour qu*il soit inutile d'insister à son sujet et qui présente, par rapport aux dis- positifs du genre en question déjà existants de nombreux avan- tages, notamment, celui de fonctionner parfaitement pour toutes positions relatives des deux arbres, sans risque de coincement ni d'au- to-calage; celui d'être simple à réaliser, 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 6> 

 et celui   d'être   rigoureusement homocinétique. 



   Comme il Ta de soi, et comme il résulte d'ailleurs déjà de ce qui précède,   l'invention   ne se limite nullement à ceux de ses modes d'applications non plus qu'à ceux des modes de réalisation de ses diverses parties ayant plus spécialement été envisagent elle en embrasse, au contraire, toutes les va- riantes* 
R É S U E É. 

**ATTENTION** fin du champ DESC peut contenir debut de CLMS **.



   <Desc / Clms Page number 1>
 



  PATENT.



  ". Improvements made to universal joints".



   The invention relates to universal joints for ensuring the connection between two shafts or other rotating elements, joints of the so-called homokinetic "type, that is to say for which the speed of the driven shaft remains the same at all times. than that of the drive shaft, whatever the relative positions of the two shafts.



   Its aim, above all, is to make these devices such that they meet, better than hitherto, the various desiderata of practice, in particular that they make it possible to avoid any jamming of the organs intended to ensure the connection. between the two elements to be coupled.



   It consists mainly - at the same time of arranging in such a way, the devices of the kind in question, that the points through which the coupling of the elements to be driven takes place are forced to move on circles belonging to to spheres generated around the axes

 <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

 of said elements and of common center coincident with the meeting point of these axes -, in arranging these circles so that their planes, instead of respectively containing said axes, as already known, are intersected by the latter, and this, at angles such that the aforesaid points remain on the spheres in the bisecting diametral plane of the two axes.



   It consists, apart from this main provision, of certain other provisions which are preferably used at the same time and which will be discussed more explicitly below.



   It relates more particularly to certain modes of application, as well as certain embodiments, of said provisions; and it relates more particularly still, and this as new industrial products, to the devices of the type in question comprising the application of these same provisions, the special elements specific to their establishment, as well as the sets, fixed or mobile, comprising of similar devices.



   And it can, in any event, be clearly understood with the aid of the additional description which follows, as well as the appended drawings, which supplement and drawings are, of course, given above all by way of indication.



   Fig. 1 of these drawings is a diagram illustrating the principle of the invention.



   Fig. 2 shows, in section, a constant velocity joint established in accordance with the invention.



   Fig. 3 shows, separately, in elevation, one of the elements of said seal, this element itself being established in accordance with the invention.



   Fig. 4 shows, separately, in partial section, a guide member comprised by this seal.



   Figs. 5 and 6 are other diagrams helping to understand the invention.



  According to the invention, and more particularly according to those

 <Desc / Clms Page number 3>

 of its duplication modes, as well as those of the embodiments of its various parts to which it seems that preference should be given, proposing to establish a universal joint device intended to connect two shafts A and B, the axes of which intersect at a point 0, or, in general, two elements rotating around such axes, for example a joint intended to enable the fumes from the steered wheels to be driven on a front-wheel drive motor vehicle, the procedure is as follows, or analogously,
We arrange this device in such a way,

   that the joints by which the coupling of the elements to be driven takes place are forced to move on circles belonging to spheres generated around the axes of said shafts and of common center coincident with the point 0 where these axes meet, but , instead, as we had already proposed, of arranging these ceroles so that their planes contain the said axes, this solution presented:

  among others, the serious drawback of not ensuring a stable position at the connection points when the shafts come to be in extension, which gives rise to jamming, these circles are arranged in such a way that their planes are cut by said axes, and this according to angles such that the connection points remain on a large circle belonging to the bisecting diametral plane of the angle formed by the two axes, so as to achieve homokinetics, such a set making it possible to avoid the aforesaid disadvantage, as will be explained later /
The conditions which have just been indicated can be achieved, in particular, by proceeding in such a way that each of the aforesaid points is subject to,

   at each instant to be at the intersection of two large circles belonging respectively to the spheres generated and such that they are normal to diameters of these spheres passing through parallels

 <Desc / Clms Page number 4>

 equidistant from the equilateral lines formed respectively by planes perpendicular to the conductive axis and to the driven axis *
In fig. 1, we have indicated two such circles g 1 and g 2 intersecting at two points 1 and 2, and two other circles
10 20 keys of the same type 0 and 0 intersecting at two other points 3 and 4, the whole thus giving four connection points.



   In fig. 5, on the other hand, we have illustrated the angular relations existing between two circles such as 61 and 62 and the axes A and B. If we denote by 1 and p2 the planes of the aforesaid equatorial lines, by Q1 and Q two parallels. the equidistant from these lines, and by R1 and! 2 two rays passing respectively through these parallels, rays supposed to be in the plane of the figure, the planes of circles 1 and Ç 2
2 are chosen perpendicular to the radii R1 and R The aforesaid condition can also be expressed by the fact that these generating circles are normal to the generatrices of cones having the point 0 for vertex, and the parallels such as Q1 Q2 for ba.

   his-
It would be easy to show that, during the training of one tree by the other, points 1 and 2 (which are projected at point C in fig. 5) move on a large circle. - key arranged in the bisector plane S.



   In any case, we can make this essential remark, that the tangents such as T1 T (freeze 1) to the generating circles at their meeting points, intersect even in the case where the trees are in prolongation of one of l 'other, so that the position of said points is always ensured perfectly stable and without any risk of jamming of the organs which materialize these points.



   To put into practice the principle arrangement which has just been explained, it will suffice, as represented in figs 2 and 3 - for which it has been assumed that one had recourse, for each tree, to two generating circles, C1

 <Desc / Clms Page number 5>

 and C10 for the tree A, C2 and C 20 for the tree B -, to materialize, on the one hand, the points such as 1, 2, 3, 4 by? balls 5 and, on the other hand, the generating circles, by trace toroidal guiding paths, 10 some, those corresponding to the circles C1 and C, on a spherical head 6 formed at the end of the shaft A,
2 20 and the others, those corresponding to circles C and C, on a sphere of larger diameter formed inside the shell 7 mounted at the end of the shaft B.



   In addition, point 0, the center common to the two spheres, is materialized by a ball 8 mounted inside the head 6.



   The balls 5, for ease of assembly, can be held in the same plane by a cage 9, for example in the form of a thrust ball provided with spacers 10.



   To show the position of the guide paths on the spheres, the two spheres generated from the head 6 and from the shell 7 have been shown developed and folded over one another, in figa 6, these spheres being assumed in the same way diameter. The portions used, of these spheres. may vary according to the angle variations provided between the two axes A and B;

   one can generally arrange such that the balls do not have to come up to the point of
2 20 meets 11 of the two toric paths 0 0
As a result, whatever the mode of realization adopted, one obtains an assembly whose functioning emerges sufficiently from the preceding so that it is useless to dwell on it and which presents, in relation to the Devices of the kind in question already in existence have many advantages, in particular that of functioning perfectly for all relative positions of the two shafts, without risk of jamming or self-stalling; that of being simple to achieve,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 6>

 and that of being rigorously homokinetic.



   As is evident, and as it follows moreover already from the foregoing, the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application or to those of the embodiments of its various parts having more especially been considering it embraces, on the contrary, all the variants *
R E S U E

** ATTENTION ** end of DESC field can contain start of CLMS **.


    

Claims (1)

L'invention a pour objet des perfectionnements ap- portés aux joints universels, lesquels perfectionnements con- sistent, principalement -- en même temps qu'à agencer de ma- nière telle, les dispositifs du genre en question, que les points par lesquels a'effectue l'accouplement des éléments à entraîner soient astreints à. se déplacer sur des cercles ap- partenant à des sphères générées autour des axes desdits élé- ments et de centre commun confondu avec le point de rencontre de ces axes @ à disposer ces cercles de façon que leurs plans, au lieu de contenir respectivement lesdits axes, comme déjà connu, soient coupée par ces derniers, et ce, The object of the invention is to improve the universal joints, which improvements consist mainly - at the same time as arranging devices of the kind in question in such a way as the points through which a 'performs the coupling of the elements to be driven are constrained to. move on circles belonging to spheres generated around the axes of said elements and of common center coincident with the meeting point of these axes @ to arrange these circles so that their planes, instead of respectively containing said axes , as already known, are cut by these, and this, suivant des an- gles tels que les susdits points demeurent sur les sphères dans le plan diamétral des deux axes* Elle vise plus particu- lièrement certains modes d'application, ainsi que certains mo- des de réalisation, desdits perfectionnements; et elle vise plus particulièrement encore, et ce à titre de produits indus- triels nouveaux, les dispositifs du genre en question compor- tant application de ces mêmes perfectionnements, les éléments spéciaux propres à leur établissement, ainsi que les ensem- bles, fixes ou mobiles, comprenant de semblables dispositifs. **ATTENTION** fin du champ CLMS peut contenir debut de DESC **. along angles such that the aforesaid points remain on the spheres in the diametral plane of the two axes. It relates more particularly to certain modes of application, as well as certain embodiments, of said improvements; and it relates more particularly still, and this as new industrial products, to the devices of the kind in question comprising the application of these same improvements, the special elements specific to their establishment, as well as the assemblies, fixed or mobile devices, comprising similar devices. ** CAUTION ** end of field CLMS may contain start of DESC **.
BE403536D BE403536A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2503811A1 (en) * 1981-04-09 1982-10-15 Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh HOMOCINETIC JOINT
FR2688839A1 (en) * 1992-03-19 1993-09-24 Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh NON TELESCOPIC HOMOCINETIC JOINT.
ES2115447A1 (en) * 1993-05-27 1998-06-16 Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh Fixed constant velocity joint having a partial spherical guiding element

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2503811A1 (en) * 1981-04-09 1982-10-15 Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh HOMOCINETIC JOINT
FR2688839A1 (en) * 1992-03-19 1993-09-24 Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh NON TELESCOPIC HOMOCINETIC JOINT.
ES2115447A1 (en) * 1993-05-27 1998-06-16 Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh Fixed constant velocity joint having a partial spherical guiding element

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