BE378458A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  It grofipa of gas turbines We already know gas turbines in which
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 the rnotear fluid consists of compressed air, echatiffë at certain temperature, for example graded at. the combating of any matter in the flow of aif-, This flax of éehsnffé air gives up energy by flowing through the system of sabes of steam tarbine, undergoing an expansion and a temperature range, much the same as steam in turbines
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 at V & p9 U.L ',
In such combustion gas turbines, the air required is generally compressed to the desired pressure in a group separate from the gas turbine, consisting of
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 of a L1oteo.r with actuation of another kind, and of a piston pump, to analog.

   In some cases, the turbine at e: 1 \ l \ do l'nrbrn a J.1 (jl: 101],) on r '(, 1t: ir'Q the supplied pniHBnrtMO directly actuates or indicates the device of -pumps in question which, in certain forms of

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 ization proposed, is realized in the form of compressor.
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 A. 4 turbine, gas constructed in this way, or a group of turbines, could not yet provide an effective power as high as the force which was consumed in order to actuate these compressors, so that no was not inclined b, realize such installations as industrial machines.

   Soo.vent, the whole effect produced by tarbine, and in particular for loads different from those, for which the group was calculated, was completely ab-xx
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 sorbed for the aotiornezent of the compress device ors appearing nt ao. groope.



  The present invention relates to groups
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 of this kind, and is based on the provision of devices thanks to which a group is created, working with a higher output, both at the load for which the group was intended. Cla'éga1Gw: mt aax other charges.



  The invention lies in the fact that one uses a group of gas turbines divided into two parts, the donkey of the parts of the group forming a compressor group, and comprising one or more gas turbines, operating one or several compressors, working combustion air, combustion gas, or the three elements, while the other part of the group contains one or
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 'l / lt: lU10LtL't: J' bllt'1) HIMJ hf:, r.1i1)! rOÔld.F.JE \ l1t afio J1uirJanje offae- tiva, the pipes of ec haj? p8 IJ: J3 nt d 'one 0 D. several compressors being e.commtar.ication, directly or indirectly, with the inlet pipes of one or more of the gas turbines indicated.

   The invention also resides in the fact that the part of the group supplying compressed air, and the part of the group supplying bare effective power, are thus connected from the ballot box to the other so that a correct distribution is achieved. of

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 effects on gas turbines operating the different parts of the group, in particular at different loads of the group.



   Other characteristics specific to the invention will be described in more detail by reference to the appended drawings which
Fig. 1 shows a group of gas turbines in which the two parts of the group contain a double rotation turbine.



   Fig. 2 is a modification of the conforming group xxxx in FIG. 1, where the compressor unit contains three compressors.



   Figs. 3 - 8 are embodiments in which the compressor unit contains a double rotation turbine and a turbine of another kind, and where the part of the groupo delivering the effective power contains a double rotation turbine.



   Figs. 9 to 11 are embodiments in which the parts of the group contain turbines of a different kind than double-rotation sandwiches.



   Fig. 12 shows a simplified turbines group.,
Figs. 13, 14 and 15 show curves showing the adjustment of the turbines relative to each other.



   In Fig. 1, there is shown a double rotation turbine of known type. Turbine shafts 2 and
3, which rotate in the opposite direction, and each carry a tarbine rotor corresponding to the tenerated turbine, each drive a compressor, also of known type. These compressors are connected in series, the compressor 4: mounted on the shaft 2 being a low pressure compressor. and the 1st compressor 5 yn high pressure compressor. The air to be compressed enters through pipe 6, and flows out. following the given direction

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 by arrows, through a number of crowns
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 blades in which the air assumes a radial speed which is transformed into static pressure.

   A cooling device 7 is placed vis-à-vis all the vane crowns, or only part of them; the compression air passes through these cooling devices. The cooling device] ") oc, t consists of elements of any known kind. Juxtaposed, for example flattened tubes, flanges, air
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 eooalant outside the tubes, and the cooling fluid, for example water. , flowing and the outside of this.

   The low pressure compressor part 5 can be made in a manner analogous to the low pressure compressor part which has just been described,
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 but is however calculated for a higher pressure, and for a lower v0 lu uoe of the partially compressed air, and conducted from the low pressure part 4.
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 up to the high pressure part 5 via the pipe 8. The defined, compressed air is then coated with the high pressure compression part 5, via the pipe 9, jtJ. .sQ.! 1'to the turbine 1, whose blade system is traversed by this air, from the center of the turbine 7E? .usqu a la P, t'tia oxterna cTéa2za: la '' ': .- zzzt 11, poar then (Jtl'e brought to a group of turbines delivering grap (; e, de- put the pipe d 'exhaust 12.

   In the pipe 9 is provided at 13 a device of!: 'Óc.: Ha1.J.ff'GHl0nt for the compressed air. In the embodiment shown, this heating device consists of a tube 15 opening into part 13 of pipe 9, for example at 14, and intended for example to anneal
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 liquid fuel. During the combustion of this material in compressed air, the air is heated at the same time.

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 time that it abandons in favor of the professas of combation all or part of its oxygen.

   In the
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 corresponding turbine 1, which works as a high pressure turbine where at high temperature, the air undergoes so much an expansion qa'equaleuent a temperature range, in foarni} Js8nt of the 6aergi6. "e! .A., l1Ctuut one only takes from the total action capacity of the working fluid only the quantity of energy made necessary, so that the compressors actuated in the compressor part of this
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 the turbine can produce air at the desired pressure, so that the energy uontenae in the working fluid, due to pressure and temperature drops, is still large enough to be able to supply in the part of the groape delivering the effective power of the quantities of energy responding to the load of this part.

   The gas, which thus flows in the pipe 12, following the direction of the deflection is therefore under pressure at the same time as at high temperature.
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 r f.lture, and is oondiait to, tarbjne 16 which, in this case, provides effective work in the form of electric current. The working fluid enters the center 17 of the
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 turbine 16, and cools in a known manner, in a radial direction, through the system of blades, to finally be moved away from the external parts of the turbine, by the
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 The exhaust pipe escaped 18. Any calories still remaining in the exhaust gases can be used in the manner indicated below.
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 The ecoaleaent gas through da system of blades, the shafts 19 and 20 are operated in opposite directions.



    The tree '19 carries an electric machine 21, represented
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 in the Figure, in eoape, while the shaft 30 drives a second electrical machine 22, of which only the housing can be seen. Whereas these j '; J9 (; electric hines consist of

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 suitably alternating coarantor generators, tra-
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 Vaillant rl3cipr 9.a.ement in synchronism, this aggregate providing effective power must have a speed of rotation that cannot vary with all the loads.

   Due to the fact that the compressors 4 and 5, which must not have between them the same 'speed of rotation, but on the contrary' which must have the different speeds required by the work of the compression, are
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 arranged in a part of a partial compressor unit, the rotational speed of the compressors must be. modified independently of the speed of rotation of the part of the group delivering the effective power, depending on the quantity of air necessary to cope with the load.
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  In these forrss embodiments, the group of gas tar-bine3 is therefore made up of two double-rotation turbines of known type, the rotors of the different turbines, if necessary, being able to rotate at different speeds.



   In Fig. 2, we have shown an installation of gas springs comprising two turbines with, double
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 rotation, year. double rotation turbines constituting the part of the group delivering effective power.



   The compressor at. low pressure 4 from the
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 -pressor of the group is mounted on a shaft 2, which constitutes U11D part of a double rotation nozzle 1. the air to be compressed enters through the inlet pipe 6 and flows approximately Kent in the same manner - re qu t indicated for the low pressure compressor 4 shown in Fig. 1.

   At. link has to be removed by means of the cooling elements sowing described above, 'and consisting of flat tubes, the calories of the compressor
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 tion are kept away by water conducted inside

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 compressor and which, by evaporation, removes heat from the air, and thus maintains this air at low temperature.
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 crossed out. The water is born through the inlet pipe 23, and is conducted at one or more points in the com-
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 presser..The air located in the pressure part 1: is mowing n the partjo; from eon> 1> re> x ,, oar by oanallaation 8, which is placed on the other shaft 3 of turbine 1, rotating in the opposite direction.

   This compressor part is also made as described
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 above, but in this case only works as a medium pressure compressor. The air compressed in this
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 part is led, by a pipe 39, to a high pressure compressor 34 :. The latter is operated by a turbine 25 which, as can be seen, is a fine single-rotation radial shaft of known type. The driving fluid of this turbine consists of the compressed air at high pressure in the compressor 24. This air is con-
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 duit, by ume canalient9on 27, ixqu'ii the interior 28 of the turbine, passing through scaffolding devices 13 as described above, or of another type.



  From this point, the gas flows in a radial direction through the system of vanes, and is led by a duct 9 to the central chamber 1 of the turbine 1 which, in this case, is constituted by a tube. .r- bine at medium pressure. As indicated above, the gas flows through the turbine 1, delivering energy, thick evacuated, through the pipe 12, which leads it into a turbine 16, which is constructed in a similar manner. to the previous one, and which operates electric machines 21 and 22, mounted on these shafts 19
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 and 0. After the gas has provided its effect in this turbine, it is discharged through line 18.

   In this case, the compressor unit thus consists of three components

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 pressers and three turbines, which amounts to saying that the group of gas turbines consists of five turbine rotors which can all, if necessary, be operated at different rotational speeds. Among
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 those OEi, the compressors therefore constitute, with the turbines 1 and 25, the compressor group, while the turbine 16 belongs to the part of the group delivering
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 effective power. he part of the group mentioned last is operated at constant rotational speed,
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 even for loads which do not agree with the normal power for which the group is calculated.

   The other tarbine rotors, because in this case they
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 are connected in series can, as has already been mentioned, be aa.toIr <9: biila.ement adjusted for the rotational speeds corresponding to the compression conditions, and to the quantity of air or of gas corresponding to the group load, and to the fluid pressure.



   In Fig. 3, there is shown one embodiment
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 station in which the different parts of the group are driven by double-rotation radial turbines. The turbine 1 drives two compressors 4 and 5, which constitute the low pressure part and the high compression part of the compressor. The air to be compressed enters through pipe 6, and is bent through the pipe.
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 sation 8 from part 4: o.sila 'compressor 8. part 5 of it, Through line 9, the defi-
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 nitively compressed is oondait outside part 5, and, as indicated above, is heated in device 13.

   In this case, the turbines are connected
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 in paraâlè le, in the case of gas saving, crane to which it is possible to bring to the turbines
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 unequal or large quantities of gas, of the same pressure and of the same caloric content. Turbine 1 receives

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 its driving fluid through the pipes 31 and 32. while the turbine 16 delivering effective power receives its driving fluid through the conduits 33 and 34. After the driving fluid has supplied power, it is moved away from the turbines 1 and 16, via pipes 12 and 18.

   In this case also, the turbines and compressors can, in the manner indicated above, be made in such a way that the different turbine rotors, and therefore also the compressors, rotate at different speeds one by one. rarport to the den, and to the speed of rotation that the electric generators actuated by the turbine 16 will possess.



   In Fig. 4, an embodiment has been shown in which the six parts of the group have a double rotating tarbine. The double-rotation turbine 6 is of the type described above, and drives two compressors 4 and 5. The turbine 16 is also a double-rotation turbine, of the type described above, and drives two electric generators 21 and 22,
The single-rotation radial turbine, described in support of FIG. 2, can be found in this station. It drives a compressor 24. and belongs to aa. compressor unit.

   The air to be compressed enters, as above, through line 6 ', into the low pressure compressor, and is conducted through line 8 to the medium pressure compressor. The compressed air is condor through line 9 to the high pressure compressor 24, and leaves it through line 27. The air is heated in the fuel chamber 13, then led to the high pressure turbine. 25. The exhaust gases from the high pressure tarbine 25 are conducted, through the duct 39, to the turbine 16, thick from there, through the duct.

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 station 12, to the turbine 6. In this case, all the turbines are therefore connected in series, as are the compressors.

   The turbine 16 delivering the effective power is then a medium pressure turbine.



   In this case also, the turbines are so connected that the rotational speed of the different compressor parts, between themselves, and with respect to the generator group working at constant rotational speed, is variable, so that the whole of the pasture contained in the motive fluid, at the outlet of the heating device 13 is distributed in such a way in the various turbines that the part of the power produced by the totality of the turbines, delivered to the compressors, is in relation correct admission, the effective power produced in the turbine intended for this purpose, in order to always produce the correct quantity of air in the compressors, in view of s needs, at all times, in the part of the group producing of effective power.



   In the 3 'ig. 5, an embodiment has been shown in which each part of the group has a double rotating tarbine. In this case, a high pressure turbine 25, analogously to that indicated above, is coupled = a high pressure compressear 24, ho, rs from which the working fluid for the turbine is taken by the turbine. Intermediate of the canslisatio 27. 13 shows a heating device for the air.



  In addition to this heating of the air, for example thanks to an internal combustion, it is possible to bring water into the air, through a pipe 40, thanks to which a gas mixture is produced, which will provide better results, in certain embodiments, which will be described later. The escape of the high pressure tarbine

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25 is in communication with a medium pressure turbine 41, via a pipe 39. This medium pressure turbine is coupled to a generator 21, which is further actuated by one of the rotors of a double rotation tarbine 16, the other rotor of which drives a generator 22. The medium pressure tarbine 16 receives its driving fluid from the pipe 42.

   The fluid-, motor is led to the low pressure tarbine 1, leaving the turbine 16 by the exhaust pipe binder 43, this turbine 1 being coupled to the compressors 4 and 5. The compressor 4 is a low pressure compressor , and receives air through the fine pipe 6. From the compressor 4, the air is led through the pipe 8 to the medium-pressure compressor 5. The compressed air in the compressor at medium pressure is led through line 9 to the high pressure compressor 24.



   The air sucked by the compressor 4 from the air intake duct 6 flows into the whole group in the direction given by the arrows, and undergoes both an expansion at the same time as a temperature drop until, finally, it is discharged out of the low pressure turbine 1 through the exhaust line 44.



   According to Fig. 6, the turbine 50 is a high pressure turbine. This tarbine drives a generator 22., which is mounted on the same shaft as the rotor of the turbine 16.: The turbine 16 has the outro lo generator 21, which is mounted on the same shaft as a medium other pressure., or a part 51 of the pressure turbine.



  The high pressure turbine 50, which receives air compressed and heated at 13 through line 52. supplies gas to turbine 51 through line 54. From turbine 51, the gas coming from this tarbine is led, via lines 55 and 56, to turbine 16 at the same time as to turbine 57. The turbine 16 therefore works with the total

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 the pressure still existing, and uses the temperature drop manifested in the gas, and discharges the used gas through the pipe. 18.

   Turbine 57, which drives a high pressure compressor 24, works only after part of it. the existing pressure drop, so that the gas qai is conducted through line 58 to the turbine 1 actuating a low pressure compressor is sufficient to actuate the low pressure compressor 4 and the medium pressure compressor 5.

   The air to be compressed enters through line 6 up to the compressor 4, and is led through line 8 to the medium pressure compressor 5, to then be led through line 9 to the high pressure compressor. pressure
24, and receive in this place the pressure required for the actuation of the groape. Dopais the high pressure compressor 24, the definitely compressed air is led by a pipe 59 to the scouring device 13, and from there, as just described, to the turbine system.



   In Fig. 7, there is shown two double-rotation turbines, the turbine 1 belonging to the compressor unit, while the turbine 16 belongs to the part of the group delivering the effective grazing. In this case also, a high pressure part 60 belongs to the part of the group delivering the effective power, the turbine 60 receiving through the pipe 61 the compressed air which has been heated by
13. From the high pressure turbine 60, the exhaust gas line is divided into two parts, namely a line 62. 'and a line 63. the line 62 elbows gas to the gas turbine 16 working as tur - low pressure bin.

   The electric generator 21 is therefore both driven by the high pressure turbine 60 and by the rotor year of the low pressure tarbine 16. The other rotor

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 of the low pressure turbine 16 drives a generator
22. The other pipe 63, starting from the high pressure turbine 60, conducts gas from said turbine 60 to the medium pressure turbine 64. The medium pressure turbine 64 is coupled to the high pressure compressor 24. , and delivers gas, via line 65, to the low-pressure compressor 1, which is coupled to the low-pressure compressor 4 and to the medium-pressure compressor 5.



   As described above, air also flows through these compressor elements in the direction given by the arrows. in accordance with FIG. 8, a high pressure compressear 24 is mated to a high pressure tarbine
70 '.

   The high pressure tarbine receives heated air, in the form of a gas mixture, through line 71, and supplies gas to both turbine 16 and turbine 1, through line 72. In this case, the two turbines double rotation work as low pressure turbines, the turbine 1 being coupled to the medium pressure compressor 4 and to the low pressure compressor 4, which the air passes through, in the manner indicated above, undergoing a compression.



   In all these embodiments, both the compressor unit and the part of the unit delivering effective power include a double-rotation turbine. This double-rotating turbine is of a type known per se, for example a Ljungstrom turbine system.



  In some of the embodiments shown, the one or both parts of the group includes a rotating impeller which suitably may be a radial impeller. In some embodiments, this turbine is operated by the high pressure compressor. In still other embodiments one or

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 several of the medium pressure turbines created in this way belong to the part of the group delivering effective grazing, while the low pressure turbine belongs to the compressor group, and is coupled to compressors for low pressure, xx particular low pressure compressors .



   Fig. 9 shows a group not comprising a double rotation turbine. A high pressure turbine 90 is coupled to a high pressure compressor 91, from which the compressed air passes through a line 92, and is heated in a device shown at 93. The exhaust of the high pressure turbine is connected, by a pipe 94, to the inlet of a medium pressure tarbine 95, which is mounted in cantilever on a shaft belonging to an electric generator 96.



  From the medium pressure turbine 95, gas is conveyed through line 97 to another medium pressure turbine 98, which drives a medium pressure compressor 110. Line 100 from turbine 98 splits on gentle. pipes 101 and 102, (it leads to turbines 103 and 10 +, both of which are low pressure turbines, connected in parallel.



  The exhaust gases from these tarbines are evacuated through the pipes 105 and 106. The air to be compressed enters through the pipe 107, and passes into the low pressure gold compress 108, actuated by the turbine 103. From this compressor, the air is conducted through a pipe 109 to the compressor. medium pressure 110 actuated by the turbine 98. Beyond this compressor, the air is led by a pipe 111 to the high pressure compressor 91. The turbine 104 is, like the turbine 95., mounted on the shaft qai equal gate linking generator 96.

   Turbines 90, 98, and 103, at the same time as the compressouns

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91, 110 and 108, thus appastionnemt to the part of the group which was previously designated as compressor unit, while the other parts, that is to say the high pressure turbine 95 and the low pressure turbine 104, as well - if that the electric generator 96 operated by them, belong '2 the part of the group delivering effective power.



   The low pressure turbines are thus known in parallel, one of the low pressure turbines being coupled to the low pressure compressor.



   In Fig. 10 there is shown an embodiment similar to that shown in Fig. 9 but in which, however, the part of the group delivering effective power consists of four turbines and two electric generators. In this case also, the high pressure turbine 90 is coupled to the high pressure compressor 91. The gas supplied to the turbine by the pipe 92 is heated at 93. The gas escaping from the high pressure turbine 90. , is led by the pipeline 94 to a medium pressure turbine 95, which is mounted on the same shaft as the electric machine 96 operated by it.

   Provided at II?, $ In the pipe 94, a heating device for air or gas, so that gas is brought to the turbine 95 at the same temperature as that working in the turbine. i- ne at high pressure. Naturally, the pressure in the inlet pipe to the tarbine 95 is lower than in the inlet pipe to the turbine 90. From the turbine 95, the gas is conducted through a pipe 113 to a turbine 104. , which is mounted on the same shaft as generator 96, which is thus driven by two turbines.

   A heater 114 is also mounted in the pipe 113, so that

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 the turbine 104 operates at a temperature substantially equal to that at which the elements which have just been discussed are working.



   Likewise, the gas flowing through pipeline 115 from turbine 104 to turbine 116 is also puffed by a device shown at 117.



  The turbine 116 is coupled to the compressor 110 and drives the latter. Through a pipe 118, the gas is conducted from the tarbine 116 to a turbine 119, which is the last medium pressure turbine in the system.



  This turbine also receives. by the action of a heating device 120. of the gas at a temperature substantially equal to that of the gas working in the other turbines. The turbine 119 is mounted on the same shaft as the generator 120a which it drives. From the turbine 119 the gas is conducted by a pipe 121, and by two branches 122 and 123 to the low pressure turbines 124 and 125.

   These turbines thus work as low pressure turbines, in parallel, and receive an engine fluid (it does not heat up after it has passed through the previous turbine., Via pipes 126 and 127, the gas escaping from these turbines. 124 and 125 is bent to a regenerator 128 of any known type, where the calories still existing in the gases are brought to the combustion air coming from the compressors, and which will then have to operate the turbines of the group. pressure 108 driven by the turbine 125 receives air through the intake pipe 105. The air is conducted through the pipe 109 between the low pressure compressor 108 and the medium pressure compressor 110.

   Line 111 finally leads the partially compressed air from the medium pressure compressor 110 to the high pressure compressor 91, hence the defined air.

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 nitively compressed passes through a pipe 129, through which this air is led to the regenerator 128, with a view to its reheating. Regenerator 128 is in communication via line 130 with heater 93.

   This regenerator 128 may be of any suitable construction, and already exists in known embodiments, such as air heaters, for other applications. In this embodiment of the invention, all the turbis.

   with the exception of the low pressure turbines 124, 125, work with an equal temperature of the moteo.r fluid. In each turbine, a higher temperature drop is thus used than in the previously described embodiments, while at the same time the internal combustion, in the heating devices, takes place without an excess of air. important, we have the possibility of using). ' more advantageous) high the energies contained in the compressed air, due to the high pressures used, and by virtue of obtaining a greater effective power, compared to the power consumed in the form of compression work.



   In Fig. 11, there is shown a group in which the compressor group is made up of compressors with double actuation, The part of the group delivering the effective power comprises two generators, each working, as described above, with; turbines MOUNTED on the shaft ends. The high pressure assembler 135 is coupled to two cantilevered turbines 136 and 99. In this case, the turbine 136 is a high pressure turbine, which receives air from the high pressure compressor, through the pipe 137, this air having been previously heated in the apparatus 138.

   In this heating device, the temperature rise is achieved by internal combustion Taking place in

 <Desc / Clms Page number 18>

 
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 air, while water is continuously introduced into the air mass. Combustion is thus carried out without significant excess air, ON mixes 1 e a u for the reason that it is thus possible to provide the gases with more
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 great heat, without these gases reaching a high temperature, damaging to tarbine.

   The higher heat quantity is supplied to IT88Q., 189.0.8l1e thus passes through the various turbines in the form of high pressure steam. ] From the turbine 136, the gas is conducted through a pipeline 139 to the tubine 99, which can thus be regarded as a part of the high pressure turbine, or as a turbine working as a special medium pressure turbine. The gases are heated again in the device .140,
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 however, combustion air is supplied by plant 141 from high pressure compressor 135.



  ConvenalJlen1ent, we will lead through this pipe 1, it a quantity of air approximativemant equivalent to that which is necessary to maintain the c'ombastion. The scaffolding is also carried out there without significant excess air,
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 In the turbine 99, the gas is led by a \; 011011so- tion 142 to another dféchsQ.ffem9nt 143, in which the heating sfe ffe ù t / l6 in the manner previously described, and also with admission of 'air through the channel 144, starting from a point between the compress-
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 se ur c at. medium pressure 145 and high pressure compressor 135, suitably by means of a bypass
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 starting from line 146, which (;

  There is air from the medium pressure compressor 145 to the high pressure compressor 135. The heated gases from
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 This. way are led by the ùa118lé.sâtàdm 147 until 9.Q.Tà a turbine 148, which is mounted on the 1.1% only drives an electric generator 149. The gas which has abandoned-

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 11 energy in the turbine 148 is conducted in the pipe 150, and heats in the apparatus 151, then be brought to the tarbine 152. In the apparatus 151 also, the reheating is carried out by internal combustion and supply of fresh air through line 153, from a point of the medium pressure compressor 145 which meets the pressure conditions in the reheating apparatus 151.



   The turbine 152 is mounted on the same shaft as the generator 149. and drives this shaft, with; the turbine 148. Through the pipe 154, gas was brought from the turbine 152 to the turbine 155. In this case also, the gas is heated in the apparatus 156, air also being supplied through a pipe 157 , and this from a point da compressor 145 where the pressure conditions coincide.



   The tarbine 155 is mounted on the same shaft as the medium pressure compressor 145, and drives this shaft.



  Through line 158, gas is brought to the turbine 159, which is mounted on the same shaft as the compressor, at medium pressure 145. In this case also, the gas is heated in the device 160, air This is also being fed through line 161 in order to support combustion. This air will be suitably taken from line 162, which connects low pressure compressor 163 to medium pressure compressor 145, and where the pressure conditions coincide.



   From the tarbine 159, the gases are conducted by a pipe 164 to the low pressure turbines which are connected in parallel with respect to each other, in the direction of the gas flow. By a pipe 165, the gas is leads, without reheating, to a turbine 166, and from there, through a pipe 167, to a turbine 168.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 20>

 



  These two turbines, which work as a low pressure turbine divided into two blade systems, drive the low pressure compressor 163, into which the air enters through a pipe 169. compress, after which it cycles through the different compressors, as described above, and as indicated by the arrows.



   In another branch 170 of the exhaust pipe 164 belonging to the turbine 159, the gases are coated, without reheating, to a turbine 171, and from 1 to a turbine '173, via a * pipeline
172. These turbines constitute a low pressure turbine divided into two parts, and are coupled to an electric generator 174, which is driven by this low pressure turbine divided into two parts.



   It therefore emerges from the above description that, in this embodiment, the omtue agent is heated before it enters all the tarbines, except les'L'urbi-, the low pressure. In this case, said low pressure turbines drive on the one hand a low pressure compressor, and on the other hand an electric generator. The gas heating takes place in front of the high pressure turbines, without excess air. , as indicated above, but with injection of water into the air and, before some other turbines, with the addition of a quantity of aor approximately sufficient to correspond to the quantity consumed by combustion, aax different warm-up points.



   The part of the combustion gas consisting of compressed air can be regarded as the most expensive part of the combustion gases. In the embodiment described herein, the amount of compressed air can be used more satisfactorily, if at the expense of increasing the amount of fuel.



   In all of the above embodiments

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 written, all the inlet and outlet pipes of the gas turbines belonging to the group are connected either in series or in parallel, in the direction of the gas flow, or else also connected both in the first way and the second, so that the quantity of gas necessary to meet the load is distributed in such a ratio in the various turbines, that the part of the power conducted to the compressor unit ensures the production of air in such a quantity and at a pressure such that the amount of energy supplied to the part of the gtoape delivering the effective power responds to the load of that part of the group.

   Thus, in order to be able to produce the maximum effect, the different compressor groapes must not produce compressed air in greater quantity and at higher pressure than is necessary, so that the part of the group delivering effective power shall provide as great an effect as the load demands. These conditions are not only fulfilled with the normal load of the group, but also when the latter is working at loads which do not correspond to the normal load.



   In order for a group of gas turbines to be economical, even at different loads, it is necessary to make the compressor groape or part of the group delivering effective power a correct proportion of the given total effect. by combustion gases. With determined connections of the valves û in the compressor group and in the part of the group delivering the effective power, it is possible to automatically achieve a correct or approximately correct distribution of the effect. However, this connection changes according to the nature of the heating of the combustion air.



   Fig. 12 shows the simplest group of turbines

 <Desc / Clms Page number 22>

 
 EMI22.1
 pie which one can imagine, with a view to illustrating the considerations serving as a basis for the invention, and which have been set out above. A compressor 175 is driven by a tarbine 176.

   The compressed air in the compressor is brought there through line 177, while line 178
 EMI22.2
 '' bent the compressed air to, m dlêc'haufieni ,, nt 179 in which heating can be carried out thanks to the various devices described above, kar the pipe 180., the gas enters a high pressure turbine 181, driving a generator 182, then is con-
 EMI22.3
 dalt by a pipe 183 'Ci- a low pressure turbine 176. The turbine 176 and the compressor 175 thus belong to a compressor group, while the turbine 181 and the generator 182, constitute the part of the compressor.
 EMI22.4
 group delivering effective power.

   The gas and air can be exhausted by means of a heater.
 EMI22.5
 outside, or through internal combustion. If we admit that ITchal.1f: fement performed in 179 is achieved by internal combustion, this must take place with e> B ès dtatc, if we do not use a. other arrangements, because if the air is heated by the combustion of all the O3 <ygàn.n contaun in 1 "s ir, a gas mixture is obtained with a temperature so high that the / said mixture does not can be used in a tirbine without structural difficulties.

   The temperature of the working fluid in the
 EMI22.6
 lization 180. should reach 500-70 C. but, in any case, will not exceed the tenrp6ratare for which the 414nnnts <; ol1otr'L1cti: f: s: roavont 6'tL '() (Stablia, cn tcanrant account of the resistance of materials to, the ehalear.



   The gas, in the pipe arranged at the outlet of
 EMI22.7
 the apparatus which is heated thus contains, for a given temperature and a given pressure, a living force which must be distributed between the part of the group delivering

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 effective power and the compressor unit, according to a determined proportion. It has been shown in fig. 13 what
 EMI23.1
 should be this proportion, in order to achieve the best efficiency for the gas turbine, at different pres- is
 EMI23.2
 sions of the motor fluid. Dama bette figare, the curve k - vrë- Qy ù> Hé L ± 1 presents / nn system of bu coordinates, the abscissa -2M o% y ...



  . denote the 5 pressures, and ordinate the eigg-t egeige ratio between the effective power and the effect of compression. If, for example, a maximum spoof corresponds to one of
 EMI23.3
 working pressure ilj / parlexei;, ple at 15 kgjcm2, we obtain a certain ratio between the effective power and the compression efiet, equal to 14th / lik = 0.

   If, for example, the pressure at b decreases to become 7.5 kgjcm2, a lower load is obtained from the turbine delivering paissan
 EMI23.4
 ue effective, on condition that the flow section of the turbine is not modified by a special overload inlet, or by an inlet made by tayères. Likewise, the pressure of the turbine
 EMI23.5
 de (; ompresGear is reduced, but not, however, to the same degree as the load of the turbine delivering effective power. The ratio between Ne and Nk thus rises to the value d ;.

   It follows that the quantity of gas
 EMI23.6
 flowing in the turbines will be approximately half lower than before, while at the same time the temperature drop will be lower, due to the lower pressure. The degree of thermal efficiency of
 EMI23.7
 the whole installation will natarelleneàt lowered, despite the higher values of Ne / Nk.

   Such an adjustment can be obtained automatically, when for example a compressor unit, and more especially its low pressure part, is connected behind one or more turbines in the part of the group delivering the effective power, so that due to causes the drop in temperature

 <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 tare in the last turbine is most often reduced, the Ne / Nk ratio is increased. If water is injected into the heating device 179, the same conditions are reproduced.

   In most embodiments, the Ne / Nk ratio should be higher than shown in FIG. 14., Equal in the case of water injection, the compressors should therefore, and in particular those which work at low pressure, be acitrated by turbines which receive the gas from the part of the group delivering. of the effective power.



   Fig. 15 shows the relationship between Ne and Nk, when the gas has been heated again between the different turbines, that is to say when the gas reheating device has been installed in the pipe 183 of FIG. 12, between the tarbines 181 and 176. It can be seen in FIG. 15 that the curve which meets these conditions first rises to increase the pressure, and then does not change appreciably. The ratio between Ne and Nk is thus, in a way, constant at high pressure, but decreases at low pressure.

   In order for the ratio between the effects mentioned to follow this curve, the turbines must be so connected in the group that the low pressure turbines are connected in parallel, in which case the quantities of gas will be distributed as well as the the necessary effects will be obtained in the turbines.



   If, therefore, a group of gas turbines has to be adjusted from the power for which it was built due to less grazing, the degree of heating of the gases will be reduced due to the load of the group, if the turbines are so connected that the ratio of Ne to Nk coincides with the coarbs described, the temperature of the gases will be lower for a moment. ;

  The gas thus has

 <Desc / Clms Page number 25>

   if, at this moment, a lower live force tenor, because of its heating, plas weak, and not because of the redaction of the air pressure and the air quantity, a fact which manifests itself only in the following division.

   1 a turbine delivering effective power takes from the total live force content of the gases a proportion such that this part of the group, while maintaining its rotational speed, delivers the power which 'responds to the load of the group, the degree of heating responding precisely to this load, and leaving a quantity of energy in the gases such that the speed of rotation of the compressear unit is reduced, so that combustion air is obtained in such quantity and at a pressure such that the gases take up approximately the temperature possessed by the working fluid at normal load. The lower live force content of the working fluid is caused, in the last division, when the group is in the state of duration,

   due to the fact that the gases take a lower temperature. The live force content of the working fluid therefore depends on the quantity of the gas and also on the temperature to which the gas is heated. By adjusting the turbine, it is thus possible to raise or lower for an instant the degree of heating of the gases, so that a determined calorie content in the gases, corresponding to. load. The group automatically regulates itself so that a gas of the same life force content is obtained, which is caused by more bible quantities and a lower pressure of s ga at the initial temperature.



   In accordance with the invention, the gas turbines actuating the ars compress, delivering effective power, must be connected -in series or in parallel, in the direction of the gas flow, one connected according to these two methods.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 methods, so that the total live force content of the quantity of gas required to meet the load, for the different turbines, will be distributed as well as the quantity of air supplied by the compressors, and the pressure thereof ci, respond to the varying load of turbines delivering effective power, 3, substantially constant rotational speed.
 EMI26.1
 



  In the embodiments) ei-essas described and to achieve such a distribution of effect on the turbines, different connections of the turbines have been shown,
 EMI26.2
 With regard to the direction (the flow of [1, 'az. Lia oOrn)? rO1- low pressure generator, in almost all of these embodiments, is driven by low pressure turbines, or low pressure turbines. medium pressure, while
 EMI26.3
 high-pressure turbines operate high-pressure eompressears; The turbines belong to the J8tlt 2. the part of the group delivering effective power are mounted as medium pressure turbines, and in some cases are low pressure turbines.

   The possibilities of
 EMI26.4
 connection vary according to the nature of the gas8o.x mixture, and thus depending on whether the user adopts the injection of water in the gas mixture, or the comb # tiol1 with an air outlet. Some other connections are suitable with
 EMI26.5
 groaçss in which the gas is heated between the various turbines. Whereas, however, the same. connection allows, in some cases, the use of different gas mixtures, or different methods for
 EMI26.6
 When they are reheated, the embodiments described herein are also suitable for use in combustion carried out according to other methods.

   In some embodiments, the turbines are given
 EMI26.7
 born as being conceded from a determined type, but the invention is not, however, largely dependent

 <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 dante of the construction of the turbines to be used. however, turbines with vane system for radial flow of the gas mixture, either of the single-rotation type or of the double-rotation type, are particularly suitable.



   Since tests have shown that it is judicious to divide the blade systems into several parts, in particular in cases where heated gas is used as the driving fluid, the high pressure part of the unit can consist of one or more turbines connected in series. This also applies to low pressure turbines, certain parts of such turbines can naturally be considered as medium pressure turbines, without this going outside the scope of the invention.



   In all of the embodiments, the engine fluid of the gas turbine group has been admitted as a component of compressed air in compressors, this air being heated by internal combustion, and possibly by the addition of gas. eaa. However, the invention is not limited to groups of working fluid gas turbines constituted in this way; on the contrary, the working fluid can also consist of a combustible compressed gas, the combustion being able to be carried out by introducing air or another gas into the compressed gas flow. In this case also, one can imagine an admission of water into the gas.

   It is also possible to imagine other embodiments in which calories supplied by an external heating device will be supplied to the air, or to another gas, without this being necessary. 'departs from the scope of the invention.



   In all of the embodiments described above, a part of the group comprises only compressors, and another part of the group of electric machines.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 triqaes only. However, one can imagine other embodiments in which power - and more especially intermittently - can also be taken from the part of the group which drives the compressors, just as one can also imagine XX one or more compressors connected to the
FROM the group that delivers useful work.



   By the denomination "gas", we must understand, in the present case, both blast furnace gases and also other combustible gases, or even a mixture of such gases, or finally, also a mixture. gas and air.


    

Claims (1)

ABSTRACT ----------- A. Group of gas turbines, consisting of soft parts of a group, mechanically separated from one another, and mounted by shafts, one of the parts of the group forming a gold compress group and comprising one or more gas turbines, which mainly operate one or more compressors, compressing combustion air, or gas, or a mixture of these two fluids, while the other part of the group mainly comprises. gas turbines or more, delivering actual grazing, the exhaust line of one or more compressors being 'directly or indirectly in communication with the inlet line of one or more of the gas turbines. gases mentioned B. Group of tar bines at. gas according to A, characterized by the fact that: 1. At least one turbine from one part of the group is mounted in series with at least one turbine from the other part of the group. in the direction of gas flow; 2. The part of the group that provides. compressed gas <Desc / Clms Page number 29> is connected in such a way with the part of the group delivering affective power 'whereby a rational distribution of the effect is arrived at at least approximately, between the different parts of the group, and at different loads of this group. 3. The entire live force content of the quantity of gas required to meet the load is distributed between the different turbines. gas in a proportion such that part of the live force requirement, supplied to the compressor unit, ensures the production of air in such quantity and at a pressure such that the part of the live force conducted to the portion of the group delivering effective grazing responds to the load of this last part of the group. 4. The gas turbines which operate the compressors and those which deliver the effective power,. Are connected in series or in parallel, and possibly in these two ways, in the direction of the flow of the gas flow, so that the the whole of the live force content contained in the quantity of gas necessary to meet the load is divided in such a way, between the different turbines, that the quantity and the pressure of the air produced in the compressors meet the demand. variable tarbine load delivering effective power at approximately constant rotational speed; 5. Among the gas turbines belonging to the group assembly, connected in series, or possibly also in parallel, the part of the group delivering the effective power consists of gas turbines which work with the pressure of the engine fluid the reduced meal. 6. Among the gas turbines belonging to the group as a whole, one has several gas turbines, the inlet and discharge pipes of which are in command. <Desc / Clms Page number 30> nication with the exhaust and intake pipes of other turbines, constitute all or part of the part of the group delivering effective power. 7. One or more gas turbines for high gas pressure are coupled to one or more compressors for high compression pressure. 8. One or more of the gas sandwiches, working at the highest pressure of the working fluid, are coupled to the compressors which supply air at the highest pressure, or to this compressor, 9. One or more low pressure gas turbines are coupled with one or more compressors supplying compressed air at low pressure. 10. One or more gas turbines which operate at the lowest pressure of the working fluid are coupled to. an o has several compressors producing air at low pressure. 11. The group comprising several medium-pressure turbines, working at equal pressure or at different pressures, one or more of the medium-pressure turbines are coupled to one or more compressors, while one or more of the other medium-pressure turbines pros- sions are parts of the part of the group delivering effective power. 12. One or more turbines' at low pressure are formed by double rotation blades, and radial flow da motive fluid. 13. The mote ar fluid for gas and high pressure turbines has the same starting temperature. 14. Moisture heaters are fitted in the inlet pipes of all gas turbines, except those operating at low pressure. <Desc / Clms Page number 31> EMI31.1 15. The dtec! .AJP.pemant pipes from tbea to Saz, mounted in series, and working at high pressure, are in communication with the inlet pipes of two EMI31.2 - ', -. "'... J"' ", or. Several low pressure gas turbines, EMI31.3 , ..t ...., 16. In the intake pipe, b h-ate pressure tarbines are provided in an internal combustion scum device, with water inlet .. EMI31.4 17. One or more scouring devices mounted in the inlet pipes of the turbines, treating the working fluid, are in communication with the air pipes leaving from the same point or from different points. EMI31.5 of. group compres se ar, 18. One provides an apparatus mounted in the diane intake pipe where several gas turbines, in addition to the exhaust of gas at constant pressure,