BE1030162B1 - Method for generating a suitable treatment plan for the development of a cultivated area without pesticides of chemical origin, associated learning model and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for generating a treatment plan adapted to the development conditions of a cultivated area comprising a first natural formulation adapted to promote the growth and stimulate the defense system of a plant variety, the method comprising the following steps: - loading (100) of parameter values of the cultivated area, - loading (200) of at least one value of an environmental parameter, for a predetermined past time period, of the cultivated area, - generation (500 ) a recommendation (RI, R2) for treating the cultivated area as a function of the value of the environmental parameter and of the values of the parameters of the cultivated area, said recommendation (R1, R2) comprising an application of at least one other natural formulation selected from: o a second natural formulation adapted to stimulate the defense system of the plant variety, and/or o a third natural formulation adapted to prevent the development of a bioaggressor.

Description

Title: PROCESS FOR GENERATION OF A TREATMENT PLAN

SUITABLE FOR SURFACE DEVELOPMENT

GROWN WITHOUT PESTICIDES OF CHEMICAL ORIGIN, MODEL

LEARNING AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEM 1. Description 1.1 Field of the invention

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, more particularly to the use of data for optimizing the development of a cultivated area. In particular, the invention relates to a method for generating a suitable treatment plan for the development of a cultivated area.

The invention further relates to a system for monitoring a cultivated area and generating a suitable treatment plan for the development of the cultivated area.

The invention also relates to a supervised training method of a deep learning model for the generation of a suitable treatment plan for the development of a cultivated area. 1.2. Need & existing solutions

Below we describe the known prior art from which the invention has been developed.

In the field of agriculture, to allow effective pest control, it is essential to treat crops to ensure optimal development and yield. The development of agriculture in the 20th century was made possible by the advent of agrochemicals. Indeed, the production and massive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and the development of intensive agriculture have made it possible to respond to one of the major challenges of the 20th century: feeding an ever-increasing world population. on the market of fertilizers intended to meet the needs of plants associated with wide ranges of very powerful chemical pesticides and having durations of action of several weeks to several months have made it possible to greatly increase the production yields of cultivated areas in boosting the growth of cultivated areas, by allowing the eradication of insects or plants considered harmful or by allowing the treatment of cultivated areas contaminated by pathogens, such as fungi or others.

However, at the end of the 20th century, scientists highlighted the deleterious impacts of a large number of synthetic molecules on the one hand on human health and on the other hand on the environment.

The deleterious effects of the chemical pesticides used, for example Glyphosate or N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, the exposure of which considerably increases the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans, or even DTT or DichlorodiphenylTrichloroethane which has5 2022/0002 half -life that can exceed 10 years, or more generally organochlorine compounds, synthetic molecules classified as endocrine disruptors have polluted ecosystems for decades. Citizen and political awareness has led to the massive withdrawal of the most problematic substances. For example, 38 substances of concern were withdrawn at European level between 2018 and 2019; France decided unilaterally to withdraw metam-sodium and epoxiconazole.

Although stopping the use of these substances has a positive environmental impact, the field of agriculture risks being left without effective tools to optimize the production of cultivated areas and to regulate pest populations.

Indeed, currently, conventional agriculture is based on a “1 problem = 1 solution” type approach. When a bioaggressor is identified, a treatment, most often a chemical pesticide, is triggered and it is generally a product containing a specific molecule, targeting the identified bioaggressor, which is applied by the farmer to the cultivated area. .

Solutions aimed at optimizing crop yield and controlling the pest population have been developed.

A first solution described in patent application No. US10768156 proposes a system and a method allowing the provision of a predictive yield analysis indicating the impact of various parameters on the yield of a cultivated area. To do this, for a given type of crop, it is proposed to determine, from an aggregated crop database, an impact on yield by one or more yield factors including in particular a variety of seeds used in the area. cultivated.

A second solution described in patent application No. WO2020132092 proposes a device and a method for predicting the yield of a cultivated area using a multi-scale predictive framework, machine learning and driven by satellite data and by data from phenological observations on the ground (type of crop, climatic/weather data, ground measurements, satellite data for the cultivation conditions and other additional environmental data such as, for example, the soil properties of the cultivated area, crop area management data etc.

Based on the solutions discussed above, farmers can thus use this information to make planting choices (e.g. seed variety, row spacing, etc.) or post-planting choices (e.g. irrigation, fertilizer/pesticide application etc.).

However, although these solutions allow optimization of crop yield, they are neither suitable for proposing a treatment plan based on natural formulations, nor suitable for allowing the application of natural formulations, depending on environmental parameters. , throughout the plant development cycle of the cultivated area.

In addition, the solutions proposed generally include the treatment of cultivated areas with chemical pesticides which have the advantage of combining power and persistence.

Nevertheless, the long-term adverse effects on biotopes have justified the gradual cessation of use of the most worrying substances.

Finally, the systemic nature of some of these molecules still used leads to the presence of residues of these pesticides in plants, in particular fruits and vegetables, consumed as human or animal food. 1.3. Proposed solutions: implementation

The object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art. In particular, the aim of the invention is to propose a method and a system for generating a treatment plan suitable for the development of a cultivated area. Such a method and system make it possible to provide a user with a treatment plan, based on natural formulations, of a cultivated area according to environmental parameters. The application of these natural formulations, depending on the pedoclimatic conditions or even before the appearance or advanced development of bioaggressors, makes it possible to strengthen the plant's defense system and promote its growth while ensuring the substitution of products. chemicals commonly used for the treatment of cultivated areas. The method and the system according to the invention thus make it possible to generate a treatment plan adapted to the development of the cultivated surface and to the environmental conditions thereof, to prevent the appearance or development of bioaggressors while eliminating the use of chemical pesticides.

The invention further aims to provide a supervised training method of a deep learning model for the generation of a suitable treatment plan for the development of a cultivated area.

The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.

The invention relates in particular to a method for generating a treatment plan adapted to the development conditions of a cultivated area comprising a first natural formulation adapted to promote growth and stimulate the defense system of a plant variety, said method being put

; pe; A Let; ; BE2022/0002 implemented by a computer device, the generation method comprising the following steps: - loading parameter values of the cultivated area, said parameters comprising at least one plant variety, at least one varietal resistance index associated with the variety plant and a development index of the plant variety, - loading of at least one value of an environmental parameter, for a predetermined past time period, of the cultivated area, - generation of a treatment recommendation for the cultivated area in depending on the value of the environmental parameter and the values of the parameters of the cultivated area, said recommendation comprising an application of at least one other natural formulation selected from: o a second natural formulation adapted to stimulate the defense system of the plant variety, and/or o a third natural formulation adapted to prevent the development of a bioaggressor.

The invention makes it possible to optimize the development of a cultivated area while eliminating the use of chemical pesticides. The method according to the invention integrates the difference in action of natural formulations and proposes the use of natural formulations having synergies in their biological mode of action allowing a reinforcement of the plant species and at least equivalent effectiveness against a bioaggressor. predetermined. The complementarity of the biological actions between the different potentially usable natural formulations being complex, the invention makes it possible to provide a decision-making aid tool by the generation of recommendations adapted to the cultivated area and to the environmental conditions thereof.

According to other optional characteristics of the method, the latter can optionally include one or more of the following characteristics, alone or in combination: the step of loading at least one value of an environmental parameter is followed by the steps of: o determination of at least one threshold, for the environmental parameter considered, according to the values of the parameters of the cultivated area,

. x. 5 . BE2022/0002 o comparison of the value of the environmental parameter with the at least one determined threshold and selection of the threshold corresponding to the value of the environmental parameter, and in which the step for generating the recommendation for treatment of the cultivated area is a function of the selected threshold.

5 - the parameters of the cultivated area also include soil parameters, nutrient parameters, prior treatment with a natural formulation and/or type of irrigation.

- the first natural formulation suitable for promoting growth and stimulating the defense system of a plant variety is applied by root application, and the recommendation of the other natural formulation includes application by foliar application.

- It further comprises a step of loading at least one value of a forecast environmental parameter, for a predetermined future time period, of the cultivated area from geographical coordinates of said cultivated area.

- Jl includes a step for modifying the recommendation generated according to the previous treatment with a natural formulation and/or the type of irrigation.

- the step of modifying the generated recommendation also includes taking into account the value of the predicted environmental parameter.

- the environmental parameter comprises a temperature, a humidity rate, a frost risk indicator, a level of precipitation, a level of sunshine, a wind speed, a detection of a pathogenic organism or a detection of a pathological symptom on the plant variety.

- A step of calculating a quantity of the other natural formulation to be applied according to the prior treatment with the natural formulation, the parameters of the cultivated area and the value of the environmental parameter.

- the first natural formulation comprises microorganisms capable of forming a mutualistic interaction with the plant variety, the second natural formulation comprises at least one elicitor from microorganisms, an insect, a nematode or plant fractions or extracts , and/or the third natural formulation comprises at least one active compound having at

. PAY . A oe. Lee ., BE2022/0002 minus one of the following properties: antibacterial, antiviral, insecticide, insect repellent, antigerminative, nematicide or antifungal, and when the recommendation includes the application of the second and third natural formulations, the second natural formulation is applied before the third natural formulation. - the parameters of the cultivated area comprise soil and/or nutrient parameters, said method further comprising a step of comparing at least one value of a soil and/or nutrient parameter with a predetermined threshold and generation of a recommendation adding an input when the value of the soil and/or nutrient parameter is not equal to the predetermined threshold.

According to a second object, the invention relates to a system for monitoring a cultivated area and generating a treatment plan adapted for the development of the cultivated area comprising a first natural formulation adapted to promote growth and stimulate the system. defense of a plant variety, the system comprising a computing device and at least one measuring device, in which: - the measuring device is suitable for measuring at least one environmental parameter of the cultivated area, - the computing device is configured for: o loading parameter values of the cultivated area, said parameters comprising at least one plant variety, at least one varietal resistance index associated with the plant variety and a development index of the plant variety, o loading at least one value an environmental parameter, for a predetermined past time period, of the cultivated area,

Oo generate a treatment recommendation for the cultivated area as a function of the value of the environmental parameter and of the values of the parameters of the cultivated area, said recommendation comprising an application of at least one other natural formulation selected from: = a second suitable natural formulation to stimulate the defense system of the plant variety, and/or * a third natural formulation adapted to prevent the development of a bioaggressor.

According to other optional features of the system, the computing device can be configured to:

; . ; . ; ee. BE2022/0002 - determine at least one threshold, for the environmental parameter considered, depending on the values of the parameters of the cultivated area, - compare the value of the environmental parameter with the at least one determined threshold and select the threshold corresponding to the value of the environmental parameter, and to generate the treatment recommendation for the cultivated area according to the selected threshold.

According to a third object, the invention relates to an automatic learning model trained to predict a treatment plan adapted to the development conditions of a cultivated area comprising a first natural formulation adapted to promote growth and stimulate the defense system of a plant variety, the trained automatic learning model being obtained according to the following steps: - acquisition, at each of the instants of acquisition of a plurality of successive instants of acquisition, of reference parameter values of a plurality of reference cultivated areas, the reference parameters comprising, for each reference cultivated area, at least: o parameter values of the cultivated area, the parameters of the cultivated area comprising a plant variety, an associated varietal resistance index to the plant variety, a development index of the plant variety, o a value of an environmental parameter, o a treatment datum comprising at least one other natural formulation selected from a second natural formulation adapted to stimulate the defense system of the plant variety, and/or a third natural formulation adapted to prevent the development of a bioaggressor, and o a datum of the effectiveness of the treatment by the at least one other natural formulation, - calculation, at each instant of acquisition, for each of the plurality of reference cultivated areas, of mathematical magnitudes, from the values of the parameters of the cultivated area, of the value of the associated environmental parameter, acquired at instants

, etc. es AZ 4 LA _ BE2022/0002 acquisition within a predetermined time period preceding the current acquisition instaût, - creation, for each of the plurality of reference cultivated areas, of a reference mathematical function from the values of parameters of the cultivated area, of the value of the environmental parameter and of the mathematical magnitudes, - association, at each instant of acquisition, for each of the plurality of reference cultivated areas, of the mathematical reference function with the datum d efficiency of the treatment of the reference cultivated area, so as to obtain automatic learning model variables, and - training an automatic learning model to predict a treatment plan comprising at least one other natural formulation, to from a machine learning algorithm and machine learning model variables.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the following description and with reference to the appended drawings, given by way of illustration and in no way limiting.

Figure 1 shows one embodiment of a method for generating a treatment plan.

Figure 2 shows a graph describing the level of efficacy of natural formulations as a function of time as part of the treatment against potato late blight (Solanum tuberosum).

Figure 3 shows one embodiment of a system for monitoring a crop area and generating a treatment plan.

The figures do not necessarily respect the scales, in particular in thickness, and this for purposes of illustration.

Aspects of the present invention are described with reference to flow charts and/or block diagrams of methods, systems according to embodiments of the invention.

In the figures, flowcharts and block diagrams illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems and methods according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flow charts or blocks-

diagrams can represent a system, device, module, or code, which includes one or more 2022/0002 executable instructions to implement the specified logical function(s). In some implementations, the functions associated with the blocks may appear in a different order than that shown in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially simultaneously, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved. Each block in the block diagrams and/or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart, can be implemented by special hardware systems that perform the specified functions or acts or perform combinations of special equipment and computer instructions.

Below, we describe a summary of the invention and the associated vocabulary, before presenting the drawbacks of the prior art, then finally showing in more detail how the invention overcomes them.

In the rest of the description, the expression “computer device” corresponds to any device comprising a processing unit or a processor, for example in the form of a microcontroller cooperating with a data memory, possibly a program memory, said memories that can be dissociated. The processing unit cooperates with said memories via internal communication bus.

By "Natural formulation" within the meaning of the invention, it is necessary to understand a formulation comprising one or more chemical compounds or substances which are found in nature, preferably produced by a living organism. A natural formulation within the meaning of the invention comprises chemical compounds of natural origin which can also be obtained by chemical synthesis.

The term "bioaggressor" refers to any type of pest known in the field of agriculture, in particular insects or worms, any type of plant pathogens, such as fungi or weeds.

The term “coupled” within the meaning of the invention is understood to mean connected, directly or indirectly, with one or more intermediate elements. Two elements can be coupled mechanically, electrically or linked by a communication channel.

The expression "plant species" defines a group of plants with similar characteristics and capable of reproducing among themselves, but sterile with any plant of another species. By way of non-limiting example, the plant species considered is Solanum tuberosum.

In the remainder of the description, the various characteristics presented and/or claimed can be advantageously combined. Their presence in the description or in different dependent claims does not exclude this possibility. BE2022/0002

As mentioned, the current observation is that the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture is widespread worldwide. Chemical fertilizers are used to maximize crop yields. Chemical pesticides are used to eradicate the presence of pests in crops. Each chemical pesticide used being specifically effective against one or more bioaggressors, the development of the resistance of cultivated plants against these bioaggressors is not a priority.

However, the withdrawal and the desire to limit the use of chemical pesticides leave agricultural professionals without an alternative solution to chemical pesticides.

The substitution of chemical pesticides by natural formulations is possible but the modes of action of the latter are different. Programs composed of natural formulations combine actions that may be powerful/effective but of limited duration, while the persistence of natural formulations with direct action, i.e. targeting a bioaggressor, is limited but indirect persistence is possible via elicitation mechanisms. In addition, the use of natural substances compared to chemical pesticides allows the absence of non-biodegradable residues on the external parts of the plant, the persistence of natural protection linked to the stimulation of natural defenses is linked to the persistence of endogenous compounds. to plant cells and not to the compounds that allowed this external stimulation.

Although the substitution of chemical pesticides by natural formulations remains possible, the management of the application of natural formulations is much more complex and requires choosing the right natural formulation and applying it at the right time in order to obtain equivalent protection. to that obtained with chemical pesticides.

Active ingredients of natural origin most often have a contact action which allows you to benefit from an instantaneous effect but do not offer persistence to protect against a health risk in the long term.

As a result, farmers engaged in organic farming most often use disease-resistant varieties that do not have the same yield potential as conventional varieties and thus resort, often excessively, to copper for its anti-germination effect. on mushroom spores. The use of copper in combination with resistant varieties constitutes the basis of organic farming but does not make it possible to achieve the production yields of conventional varieties and, therefore, appears to be limiting in replacing the current agricultural model. based on the use of chemical pesticides.

Faced with these findings, the invention proposes the generation of a treatment plan, based on natural formulations, comprising one or more treatment recommendations for a cultivated area, &F2022/0002 depending on parameters linked to the cultivated area and to its environment. Indeed, the different stages of development of a cultivated plant imply different needs, whether in the context of their growth, or resistance to climatic conditions and pests. Although the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides make it easy to meet the needs associated with the different stages of development of a cultivated plant, the use of alternatives based on natural formulations requires a more detailed analysis of the environmental parameters in order to to continually adapt the application of natural formulations according to these and thus make it possible to optimize the resistance of the cultivated plant according to the type of attacks to which it could be subjected.

Thus, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a method for generating a treatment plan suitable for the development of a cultivated area comprising a first natural formulation suitable for promoting growth and stimulating the defense system of a species plant, the method comprising a step of loading values of parameters of the cultivated surface, a step of loading at least one value of an environmental parameter and a step of generating a recommendation for treatment of the cultivated surface.

Figure | illustrates an example of a method for generating a processing plan 1 according to the invention implemented by a computing device.

As mentioned above, the invention comprises a step for loading the values of parameters of the cultivated area 100.

The parameters of the cultivated area include at least one plant variety, at least one index of varietal resistance associated with the plant variety and at least one index of development of the plant variety.

A plant variety corresponds to a set of plants identified by morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics which distinguish it from other plants of the same species.

By way of non-limiting example, the plant variety considered is the Allians variety.

In addition, the cultivated area parameters include one or more varietal resistance indices associated with the plant variety. Each varietal resistance index can, for example, describe the overall resistance of the variety of the plant species considered or describe the level of resistance of the plant variety in relation to a given environmental parameter, examples of which will be presented later. By way of illustrative examples, the varietal resistance index may correspond to a value approximated to unity ranging from 1 to 10, reflecting susceptibility to diseases,

to pests and/or physiological accidents, a value ranging from 7 to 10 describing a so-called “resistant” plant variety, a value ranging from 5 to 6 describing a so-called “semi-resistant” plant variety or a value ranging from 1 to 4 describing a so-called “sensitive” plant variety for a given environmental parameter. Thus, the closer the varietal resistance index is to 1, the more the corresponding variety has a high sensitivity with respect to the environmental parameter considered. A high susceptibility generally indicates that the variety is unlikely to be able to survive, in the event of the development of a pest, without the application of a chemical pesticide.

In addition, the cultivated area parameters include a plant variety development index. The plant variety development index may correspond to a value describing the phenological stage of the plant variety of the cultivated area. By way of non-limiting examples, the development index of the cultivated area can take the value "1" to describe the germination of the plant variety, the value "2" to describe the growth phase of the plant variety once emergence from the ground until the beginning of senescence, the value "3" to describe the phase from the beginning of senescence until the moment of harvesting of the plant variety and/or its fruits.

In order to facilitate the association of the development index of the plant variety with a stage of development of the plant variety, the development index of the plant variety can take the value "1" during a time interval of up to four weeks after the seeds are sown, the value “2” during a time interval ranging from four weeks to eight weeks after the seeds are sown, the value “3” during a time interval from eight weeks to twelve weeks after the seeds sown. On the other hand, depending on the plant variety considered, said time intervals will be likely to vary so that they correspond to the phenological stages described previously.

In another embodiment, the development index of the cultivated area can take a value describing a stage of the code BBCH (for Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und

CHemische Industrie according to German terminology). Thus, the development index can take the value "0" to describe the germination of the plant variety, the value "1" to describe the development of leaves, the value "2" to describe the formation of secondary shoots / tillering, the value "3" to describe stem elongation / rosette formation / shoot development, the value "4" to describe the formation of vegetative harvesting parts or vegetative propagation organs / development of vegetative organs sexual reproduction, swelling of the spike or panicle, the value “5” to describe the appearance of the inflorescence, the value “6” to describe the flowering, the value “7” to describe the development of the fruits, the value "8" to describe the ripening of the fruits, the value "9" to describe the phase from the beginning of senescence until the moment of harvesting the plant variety and/or its fruits.

As the resistance to certain environmental conditions or to certain bio-aggressors can vary 2022/0002 during the different phenological stages of the plant variety, the varietal resistance index, in relation to a given environmental parameter, can also be associated with the index of plant variety development. Indeed, the plant variety can be sensitive to certain types of bio-aggressors during the germination phase and not during the senescence phase and vice versa.

In addition, during plant variety development, certain agricultural practices, such as the closing of mounds, can complicate the application of natural formulations and may justify the application of these formulations during an earlier phenological stage to allow the development of the defense system of the plant variety. Similarly, when the senescence phase of the plant variety begins, the application of certain natural formulations, in particular those comprising an elicitor, is no longer of any interest in the context of prevention against certain types of bioaggressors. Indeed, the stimulation of plant defense systems becomes inoperative as soon as the plant enters the senescence phase.

In one embodiment of the generation method according to the invention, the parameters of the cultivated area can include geographical coordinates which make it possible to locate the cultivated area.

In another embodiment of the generation method according to the invention, the latter may comprise a step 150 of comparing at least one value of a soil and/or nutrient parameter with a predetermined threshold and generating a recommendation for adding an input when the value of the soil and/or nutrient parameter is not equal to the predetermined threshold.

Advantageously, the input may correspond to any type of material of known type intended to improve/modify the soil parameters of the cultivated area. The recommended input may include a composition adapted to modify the soil and/or nutrient parameters of the cultivated area so that the value of the soil and/or nutrient parameter is equal to the predetermined threshold.

By way of example, the input may comprise vinasse, a hydrolyzate of fish proteins and extracts of seaweed, trace elements and magnesium sulphate, organic nitrogen in the form of magnesium oxide and of sulfur.

In general, soil parameters describe the soil condition of the cultivated area.

Soil parameters may include but are not limited to: - Soil texture. The soil texture can correspond to a ratio between different elements likely to compose the soil of the cultivated area such as clay, silt, sand. In the 2022/0002 framework of the invention, clay/silt/sand ratios can be defined in order to describe a support suitable for the cultivation of a predetermined plant variety. A suitable medium can, for example, correspond to a clay/silt/sand ratio making it possible to avoid soil anoxia, that is to say a reduction in the oxygen dissolved or present and bioavailable in the latter, and a low inertia in the face of abiotic stresses. - A hydrogen potential (pH) of the soil. Indeed, a pH adapted to the development of certain microorganisms can prove to be advantageous in particular for the activity of the bacteria responsible for the transformations of organic matter, or for earthworms. Depending on the texture of the soil, the pH-water value can range from 6.5 and 8, preferably from 6.8 and 7.5 and even more preferably from 7 and 7.2, this generally allows a optimal development of these microorganisms. - A content of organic matter. Indeed, organic matter is a support but also a source of nutrients for the development of communities of microorganisms and the value of the organic matter content may range from 1% to 2.5%, preferably from 1.2% to 2.1%, depending on soil texture. - A carbon to nitrogen mass ratio (C/N). The C/N ratio is an indicator that makes it possible to judge the degree of evolution of organic matter, that is to say its ability to decompose more or less quickly in the soil and ensure optimal development of microorganisms. For example, the C/N ratio can range from 10 to 25.

Alternatively or in addition, the parameters of the cultivated area can include nutrient parameters. The nutrient parameters describe the accessibility, by the plant variety, to the elements necessary for optimal elicitation. Without this being limiting, the nutrient parameters can correspond to a concentration, in the soil of the cultivated area, of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Still within the scope of the invention, the method for generating a treatment plan 1 comprises a step 200 of loading at least one value of an environmental parameter, for a predetermined past time period, of the cultivated area.

By way of non-limiting examples, the environmental parameter may comprise a temperature, a humidity level, for example of the air and/or of the foliage of the plant variety, a frost risk indicator, a level of precipitation, level of sunshine, wind speed, detection of a pathogenic organism and/or detection of a pathological symptom on the plant variety, for example leaf blight or tuber blight.

The past time period may correspond to a duration, preferably expressed in days, prior to 2922/0002 at the time when the generation method according to the invention is implemented. For example, the past time period can correspond to a duration of one hour or several hours, one day or several days. The value of the environmental parameter considered can be loaded at regular intervals over the entire duration of the time period, for example once per hour. The value of the environmental parameter can also correspond to an average value from all the values loaded at regular intervals for the environmental parameter considered, such as in particular an average level of precipitation over a temporal period of three days. The value of the environmental parameter can also correspond to a value indicating whether or not the detection of an environmental parameter, in particular that of a pathogenic organism or of pathological symptoms, due for example to a bioaggressor, on the plant variety.

In one embodiment according to the invention, the method may comprise a step of loading at least one value of a forecast environmental parameter 250, for a predetermined future time period, of the cultivated area from geographic coordinates of said cultivated area.

The term “predetermined future time period” is understood to mean a duration, like the past time period, preferably expressed in days, subsequent to the time when the generation method according to the invention is implemented.

Like the environmental parameter, the predicted environmental parameter may include a temperature, a humidity rate, for example of the air and/or of the foliage of the plant variety, a frost risk indicator, a level of precipitation, level of sunshine, wind speed, detection of a pathogenic organism and/or detection of a pathological symptom on the plant variety, for example leaf blight or tuber blight.

In a particular embodiment, the method according to the invention may further comprise a step 300 of determining a threshold, for the environmental parameter considered, as a function of the values of parameters of the cultivated area.

In the context of the invention, the term “threshold” means at least one threshold associated with a given environmental parameter. The threshold can be represented by a numerical value or by a range of values forming an interval. Indeed, in the invention it may be advantageous to determine 300 several thresholds for a given environmental parameter in order to be able to generate a recommendation for the application of a natural formulation adapted to the environmental conditions of the cultivated area.

In the context of the invention, it is expected that the parameters of the cultivated area as well as BE 2022/0002 environmental parameters and one or more predetermined thresholds are included in a data repository. The values of the environmental parameters considered are for example communicated or loaded by the computing device and then encoded in the data repository.

Depending on the time period considered, the value of the environmental parameter encoded in the data repository can correspond to an average of the values of the environmental parameter loaded at regular intervals, for example every hour.

According to one embodiment of the method for generating a treatment plan 1 according to the invention, the latter may comprise a step 400 of comparing the value of the environmental parameter with at least one determined threshold and the selection of the corresponding threshold to the value of the environmental parameter.

For example, depending on the development index of the plant variety and the environmental parameter considered, one or more thresholds can be predetermined. Each threshold can be associated with one or more natural formulations. The value of the environmental parameter considered is compared with the threshold(s) and the threshold comprising the value of the environmental parameter is selected.

Alternatively or in addition, a threshold can take a single value, for example the value “0” or “1”. In this case, the environmental parameter considered may correspond to the detection or not of a pathogenic organism or a pathological symptom on the plant variety, and the value of the environmental parameter may take the value “0” if no pathogenic organism or symptom pathological organism is detected or the value “1” if a pathogenic organism or a pathological symptom is detected. The value of the environmental parameter considered is compared with the threshold(s) and the threshold corresponding to the value of the environmental parameter is selected.

In a particular embodiment, in order to optimize the application of natural formulations and maximize their effects, the parameters of the cultivated surface can comprise a prior treatment with a natural formulation according to the invention, for example during a given time period.

As already mentioned, different thresholds may be applied depending on the development of the plant variety, but the consideration of certain environmental parameters may remain relevant during the development cycle of the plant variety. However, any application of a natural formulation that would not be necessary should be avoided, thus taking into account previous treatments already applied to the cultivated S1 surface may prove necessary.

. ; ; 2; BF2022/0002

Alternatively or additionally, the parameters of the cultivated area can also include a type of irrigation. Indeed, depending on the water needs, some cultivated areas may include sprinkler irrigation systems, micro-irrigation systems or even drip irrigation or buried drip irrigation systems of known type. , Thus, the natural formulations can be selected according to the type of irrigation, in particular to facilitate their application on cultivated surfaces.

Data relating to the type of irrigation can be encoded in the data repository like data relating to the development index of the plant variety or the natural formulation applied.

Alternatively, the comparison step 400 can be implemented for a second environmental parameter. In this case, the steps of the method according to the invention are also implemented for the second environmental parameter considered. Thus, the value of the second environmental parameter is compared 400 to a second predetermined threshold. When the values of the first and second environmental parameters respectively correspond to the first and second predetermined thresholds, the next step of the method can be implemented. Those skilled in the art will understand that the application of a natural formulation, in particular with a view to preventing the appearance or development of bioaggressors, may require the consideration of various environmental parameters. In fact, certain bio-aggressors need, in order to develop, very specific environmental parameters to be met, such as in particular a particular level of humidity in the air and a particular ambient temperature. The invention cannot be limited to these environmental parameters, other environmental parameters characterizing the optimal conditions for the development of a bioaggressor may be used alone or in combination.

In a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, when the step 400 of comparing the value of the environmental parameter with the at least one determined threshold does not make it possible to identify a threshold corresponding to the value of the environmental parameter, the process stops.

Alternatively, when the step 400 of comparing the value of the environmental parameter with the determined threshold does not make it possible to identify a threshold corresponding to the value of the environmental parameter, a new step of loading at least one value of an environmental parameter 200 is implemented.

When no threshold is identified during the comparison step 400, the new step of loading at least one value of an environmental parameter 200 can be implemented for another environmental parameter. In addition, it is expected that the new step of loading at least one value of an environmental parameter 200 will be implemented for the same parameter

; , ; ‚,_ BE2022/0002 environmental when a new value of the environmental parameter is communicated to the computing device 10.

Finally, a method according to the invention comprises a step of generating 500 a recommendation R1,

Cultivated area treatment R2 based on environmental parameter value and cultivated area parameter values.

In a particular embodiment of the generation method 1 according to the invention, when the step 200 of loading at least one value of an environmental parameter is followed by the steps of: - determination 300 of at least one threshold , for the environmental parameter considered, as a function of the values of the parameters of the cultivated area, - Comparison 400 of the value of the environmental parameter with the determined threshold and selection of the threshold corresponding to the value of the environmental parameter, - the generation step 500 of the recommendation R1, R2 for treating the cultivated area depends on the selected threshold.

Thus, when the threshold is selected, the corresponding natural formulation(s) are encoded in a recommendation R1, R2, for example in the form of a message that can be displayed via a suitable human-machine interface.

On the other hand, provision is made for the method according to the invention to be able to take into consideration other parameters for the generation of a recommendation. The other parameters can for example be another environmental parameter and/or another parameter of the cultivated area

In a particular embodiment, the method according to the invention may comprise a step of modifying the recommendation generated according to the prior treatment with a natural formulation for a given time period and/or the type of irrigation.

In a particular embodiment of the step of modifying the recommendation, the generated recommendation further comprises taking into account the value of the predictive environmental parameter.

Indeed, as described above, the value of the environmental parameter can correspond to an average value of the environmental parameter for a predetermined past time period.

On the other hand, it may be advantageous to take into consideration the evolution of the environmental parameter considered for a future time period in order to recommend or black 2022/0002 the application of one or more natural formulations.

In general, the application of certain natural formulations may be recommended during a more or less intense rainy episode, in particular when the average level of precipitation measured exceeds a predetermined threshold, in order to prevent the development of bioaggressors. However, the generation of this recommendation may be subject to a value of the forecast average level of precipitation and/or other forecast environmental parameters such as temperature or humidity, for example. Indeed, it will be understood that depending on the development conditions of certain bioaggressors, it may be advantageous to take into account the value of an environmental parameter for a past period and for a future period in order to generate or not a recommendation of application of one or more natural formulations.

Still in the context of the invention, recommendation R1, R2 includes application of at least one other natural formulation selected from: - a second natural formulation suitable for stimulating the defense system of the plant variety, and/or - a third natural formulation adapted to prevent the development of a bioaggressor.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the first natural formulation suitable for promoting growth and stimulating the defense system of a plant variety is applied by the root route, and the recommendation of the other natural formulation comprises a foliar application.

By way of non-limiting examples, the application by root route can be carried out by coating or pralination of the seeds or via a technique of irrigation in the ground of known types, in particular by micro-irrigation. In addition, the recommended foliar application may be an application by spraying, that is to say the projection of a composition in the form of drops, droplets or even an aerosol by a spraying device of known type, a mounted, semi-mounted or self-propelled sprayer towed or trailed by a motorized machine such as a tractor for example, but also by aerial spraying, such as by plane or helicopter or even via the use of drones, autonomous or not.

In the context of the invention, the plant species-soil interaction is of particular importance since it makes it possible to improve the effectiveness of the immune response of the plant variety following the application of one or more natural formulations. The soil of the cultivated area is a biotope in its own right in which there are permanent exchanges with the roots of the plant variety, the soil provides nutrients and in return the microorganisms feed from 2022/0002 root exudates. A high level of biological life in the soil allows it to act as a biotic and abiotic stress suppressor.

Thus, by way of examples, the natural formulation suitable for promoting growth and stimulating the defense system of the plant variety may comprise microorganisms beneficial to the rhizosphere of known type such as symbiotic microorganisms such as Glomus intraradices, microorganisms allowing the solubilize nutrients and increase their bioavailability for the roots, antagonistic microorganisms of telluric pathogens, elicitor microorganisms (capable of stimulating the plant's defenses by stimulating root cells), in particular fungi of the genus Trichoderma or bacteria of the genus Bacillus or

Pseudomonas, microorganisms producing hormones that stimulate plant growth, prebiotics for example rich in nitrogen, carbon and are selected to be metabolized only by target microorganisms (for example by targeting enzymatic activities specific to the microbial communities of interest), such as simple sugars, amino acids, seaweed extracts, or even humic acids, biostimulant substances having positive effects on the growth and general vigor of the plant, such as for example plant extracts, acids amines of animal origin, extracts of degraded organic matter and having the capacity to stimulate germination and root and/or leaf growth (directly or indirectly).

As an alternative or in addition, the natural formulation suitable for stimulating the defense system of the plant variety may comprise Natural Defense Stimulators suitable for activating the defense system of plants, such as the elicitor compounds mentioned above, but also extracts of plant, animal or microbial origin mimicking fungal attack by activating the plant's membrane receptors, purified plant extracts stimulating the plant by acting directly in the cascades of metabolic reactions mimicking the elicitation reaction.

Finally, the natural formulation adapted to prevent the development of a bioaggressor can generally include any substance having an adverse impact on the development of the bioaggressor in question. By way of non-limiting examples, said natural formulation may comprise an anti-germination substance such as copper or even a substance suitable for creating a barrier effect such as a plant substance or a mineral substance such as talc or kaolin.

Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention: - the first natural formulation comprises microorganisms capable of forming a mutualistic interaction with the plant variety, and preferably an elicitor microorganism,

, . . 2150, BE2022/0002 - the second natural formulation comprises at least one elicitor originating from a microorganism, for example from a bacterium, from a virus, or even from an insect, from a nematode, from fractions or extracts of plant, and/or - the third natural formulation comprises at least one active compound exhibiting at least one of the following properties: antibacterial, antiviral, insecticide, insect repellent, nematicide, antigerminative, or antifungal.

In addition, when the recommendation includes the application of the second and third natural formulations, the second natural formulation is applied before the third natural formulation.

Indeed, as mentioned previously, one of the objectives of a method according to the invention is to provide a treatment plan making it possible to prevent the appearance or the development of bioaggressors. Thus, the application of a natural formulation directly targeting the bioaggressor will preferably be used as a last resort. Therefore, the development of the immunity of the plant variety of the cultivated surface S1 will be preferred before the application of the third natural formulation, and it is possible, if necessary, to preferably use a third anti-germinative natural formulation.

In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the latter may further comprise a step of calculating 550 a quantity of the other natural formulation to be applied as a function of the prior treatment with the formulation, of the values of the parameters of the cultivated area and the value of the environmental parameter. The amount of the other natural formulation can additionally be saved in the data repository and encoded in the generated treatment recommendation.

In another embodiment of the invention, the generation method 1 comprises a step 600 of displaying at least one treatment recommendation for the cultivated surface SI. By way of example, the treatment recommendation can take the form of a message that can be displayed by a man-machine interface of a type known to the computing device.

As an alternative or in addition, the generation method | may comprise a step of application (not represented in the figures) of the natural formulation or formulations recommended, by a user. The application step can be foliar or soil application such as those described above.

Example representation of a data repository

As described previously, the parameters of the cultivated area, the environmental parameters and optionally one or more predetermined thresholds can be included in a data repository. The table below shows an example representation of a data repository

… . BE2022/0002 according to the invention.

Table 1

Cultivated area parameters

Environmental parameter

Plant species Solanum tuberosum

Allıans variety

Natural formulation

Recommended level

Precipitation index development | Index of | Formulation | n average Penode tof the variety | resistance | natural | measured timer | SEU!(S) vanetal plant applied evou po (BBCH stage) forecast (in mm)

Elicitor 1 - Elicitor >20 1 - substance to 1 - Leaf elicitor 1 - Leaf elicitor

J5 mm- | 2-antigerminatif mm] 7 3 - barnere effect substance 4 - antigerminatif 2 - Fohaire elicitor + antigerminatif 3 - antigerminatif >20;

The table | presents an example of a data repository accessible by, or recorded in memories 2022/0002 in, the computer device. In this example, the parameters of the cultivated area include a prior treatment with a natural formulation of the leaf elicitor type, carried out during the leaf development phase (BBCH index = 1).

As mentioned previously in connection with the comparison step 400 and as presented in Table 1, depending on the development index of the plant variety and the environmental parameter considered, one or more thresholds can be predetermined. In these examples, the thresholds are characterized by intervals of values, for example 00 mm-5 mm], or limit values, for example >20 mm. Each threshold is associated with one or more natural formulations. The value of the environmental parameter considered is compared with the threshold(s) and the threshold comprising the value of the environmental parameter is selected.

By way of illustrative example, in Table 1, the plant species Solanum tuberosum, Allians variety, is in the phase of formation of secondary shoots / tillering (cf. value "2"), a plurality of values of a parameter environment has been uploaded to the data repository. These different values correspond to averaged measurements of the level of precipitation over predetermined time periods. It can thus be seen that for each predetermined time period, i.e. 4 hours, 3 days and 5 days, the average precipitation level has been calculated.

For each time period, the mean value of the level of precipitation is then compared to the associated threshold(s). In the example presented, the measured average precipitation level of 8 mm for a time period of 3 days is the only value which corresponds to one of the determined thresholds, in this case the threshold }5 mm-10 mm]. Thus, the threshold ]JS mm-10 mm] is selected and the next step of the process can be implemented.

Indeed, as presented in Table 1, each threshold can be associated with at least one predetermined natural formulation. In particular, when the predicted environmental parameter corresponds to the predicted average precipitation level, over a time period of 4 hours, and when the latter is greater than a threshold of 20 mm, a natural formulation of the barrier effect substance type is selected.

In the example presented in connection with the measured average precipitation level of 8 mm, the threshold ]5 mm-10 mm] with which three distinct natural formulation recommendations are associated is selected. By default, the recommendation will include the natural formulation marked "1", in this case a foliar elicitor. The natural formulation marked "1" is normally selected when the cultivated area has not been the subject of an application of a natural formulation during the germination phase. On the other hand, when the cultivated area has been the subject of an application of a natural formulation, in this case a leaf elicitor, the recommendation can be modified so that that tr 7022/0002 includes the natural formulation noted "2" , in this case an antigerminative.

In addition, depending on the different phenological stages of the plant variety (BBCH stage), a recommendation may include the application of an input. Indeed, as detailed above, the parameters of the cultivated surface S1 can include soil parameters or even nutrient parameters. These parameters can be monitored during surface development

S1 cultivated and like the environmental parameter described in connection with the average level of precipitation measured, other thresholds can be associated with soil or nutrient parameters.

Also, when the cultivated area parameter includes an irrigation type (not shown in Table 1). For example, for spray type irrigation, at a predetermined rate, the average amount of water delivered over the predetermined time period (e.g. 4 hours, 3 days and/or 5 days) can be calculated and added to the rainfall level measured and/or predicted to generate an average of the measured and/or predicted precipitation level and the amount of water delivered. When it is the forecast or measured and forecast precipitation level that is determined, the recommendation can be modified so that it includes the natural formulation noted as "3", in this case a substance with a barrier effect. Although the level of precipitation and/or the average quantity of water delivered by spraying can promote the development of certain bio-aggressors, other environmental parameters can be taken into account in addition, such as in particular the humidity level and/or temperature.

As already mentioned above, one of the objectives of the invention is to prevent the appearance or development of bioaggressors while eliminating the use of chemical pesticides. For this, the different natural formulations applied preferably have a complementary mode of action in order to provide equivalent protection to a chemical pesticide commonly used in the treatment of a predetermined bioaggressor. Figure 2 presents a graph describing the level of effectiveness of three natural formulations as a function of time. The level of efficacy of each natural formulation is expressed as a percentage of protection compared to a reference chemical pesticide rated P1, in this case the fungicide Infinito® comprising the active chemical compounds fluopicolide and propamocarb hydrochloride for the treatment against mildew potato. Here, a first natural formulation 51 to promote growth and stimulate the defense system was applied when planting seedlings of the plant species Solanum tuberosum, variety

Allians. The first natural formulation is a root elicitor, in this case the Gaia sol® formulation, which has an effectiveness of around 30% for a period of around 42 days. The second natural formulation 52 adapted to stimulate the defense system of the plant variety is a foliar elicitor, in this case the Milvax® formulation, and is selected according to its mode of biological action complementary to the root elicitor, here the Gaia sol® formulation. This allows 2022/0002 to improve efficacy against potato late blight by up to approximately 50% compared to Infinito® fungicide. The second natural formulation can be applied at regular intervals in order to maintain protection for a given period. The third natural formulation 53 adapted to prevent the development of a bioaggressor is an antigerminative or antifungal substance, in this case Euclean® and is selected according to its complementary biological mode of action of the first and second natural formulations. This allows to punctually improve the effectiveness against the bioaggressor up to 100% compared to Infinito® fungicide. The selection of the natural formulations recommended within the framework of a process according to the invention allows coordination of the actions of the natural formulations. Thus, it is the combination of natural formulations applied at predetermined times and according to environmental conditions that makes it possible to fight effectively against a bioaggressor and to eliminate the use of chemical pesticides.

The values relating to the effectiveness of the natural formulations are presented for illustrative purposes and may vary depending on the combination of the natural formulations used, the values of the parameters of the cultivated area, in particular the conditions of the cultivated area in connection with the soil parameters. and/or nutritious.

According to a second aspect, and as described in connection with FIG. 3, the invention relates to a system 2 for monitoring a cultivated surface S1 and for generating a treatment plan suitable for the development of the cultivated surface S1 , the cultivated surface SI comprising a first natural formulation 51 suitable for promoting growth and stimulating the defense system of a plant variety, the system 2 comprising a computer device 10 and at least one measuring device 20.

Preferably, the first natural formulation 51 comprises at least one root elicitor.

Without this being limiting, the first natural formulation 51 includes an extract of seaweed, for example Ascophyllum nodosum, a hydrolyzate of fishmeal, a type of bacterium

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a Trichoderma harzianum-like fungus, and humic and fulvic acids.

By way of illustrative examples, the computing device 10 can be a smart phone or a tablet connected and configured to communicate via a wireless communication network with the measuring device 20.

In a particular embodiment of the system according to the invention, the measuring device 20 can be a weather station of known type. The weather station, or more generally the measuring device

20, may comprise one or more sensors of known type suitable for measuring one or more environmental parameters as mentioned above.

Alternatively or in addition, the measuring device 20 can also be adapted to measure detection of a pathogenic organism or detection of a pathological symptom on the plant variety. For example, the measuring device 20 can comprise one or more spore sensors of known type placed in the cultivated surface S1.

Thus, depending on the environmental parameters of interest, a system according to the invention may comprise a plurality of sensors positioned in or close to the cultivated surface S1.

In the invention, the measuring device 20 is suitable for measuring at least one environmental parameter P2S1 of the cultivated surface SI.

In addition, the measurement device 20 can be configured to take measurements at regular intervals, for example every hour, and to communicate the measurements to the computing device 10.

Still in the invention, the computer device 10 is configured to: - load parameters P1S1 of the cultivated surface SI, said parameters comprising at least one plant variety, a varietal resistance index associated with the plant variety and a development index of the plant variety, - loading at least one value of an environmental parameter P2S1, for a predetermined past time period, from the cultivated area SI, - determining at least one threshold, for the environmental parameter considered, depending on the plant variety, of the varietal resistance index and of the development index of the plant variety, - comparing the value of the environmental parameter P2S1 with at least one determined threshold and selecting the threshold corresponding to the value of the environmental parameter.

In addition, the PISI parameters of the cultivated surface SI may include prior treatment with a natural formulation for a given time period, geographical coordinates of the cultivated surface S1 and/or a type of irrigation.

The value of the environmental parameter P2S1 of the cultivated surface SI can be communicated directly to the computing device 10 or else to the remote server 40, in particular when said value comes from a measurement carried out by a measurement device 20 positioned in or near

. . , . …_ BE2022/0002 of the cultivated area Sl. However, it is expected that some environmental parameter values may come from a third-party remote server 30.

In addition, the P2S1 parameters of the cultivated surface S1 can be recorded on a remote server 40 or directly in the computing device 10.

In addition, the remote 40 and third-party 30 servers can communicate with each other, in particular by sending a message comprising the value of the environmental parameter P2S1. In all cases, the remote 40 and third party 30 servers are configured to communicate with the computer device 10 to which the value of the environmental parameter P2S1 and the parameters P1S1 of the cultivated surface S1 are sent.

In the invention, the computer device 10 is further configured to generate a recommendation R1, R2 for treating the cultivated surface S1 as a function of the selected threshold, said recommendation R1, R2 comprising the application of at least one other natural formulation 50 selected from: - a second natural formulation 52 suitable for stimulating the defense system of the plant variety, and/or - a third natural formulation 53 suitable for preventing the development of a bioaggressor.

For example, the second natural formulation 52 may include a leaf elicitor. More particularly, the second natural formulation 52 can comprise a decoction of horsetail, clove (Syzygium aromaticum), nettle (Urtica dioica), a tea tree extract (Camellia sinensis), soy lecithin, oil of sunflower and guar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus).

In addition, the third natural formulation 53 may comprise a so-called “intervention” substance such as antigerminative, curative, barrier effect, and/or natural biocidal substances.

By way of example, the third natural formulation 53 may comprise a decoction of field horsetail, Chinese cinnamon (Cinnamomum aromaticum), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), common eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), soy lecithin, sunflower oil and guar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus), or a solution based on copper sulphate and plant extracts.

According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a machine learning model trained to predict a treatment plan adapted to the development conditions of a cultivated SI surface 2022/0002 comprising a first natural formulation adapted to promote growth and stimulate the defense system of a plant variety.

The general principle of the automatic learning model trained according to the invention is based on the observation of correlations between the development of a bioaggressor according to environmental parameters. Thus, by measuring the effectiveness of the treatment of a plant variety by one or more natural formulations applied, compared to a known chemical pesticide, against a predetermined bioaggressor, it is possible to determine a treatment plan. Subsequently, this treatment plan can be used to eliminate the use of the chemical pesticide commonly used against the pest.

In the invention, the trained automatic learning model is a so-called predictive model in which significant correlations are discovered in a set of past observations and in which it is sought to generalize these correlations to cases not yet observed. As such, the automatic learning model trained according to the invention differs from so-called explanatory models in which it is sought to understand the causal mechanism underlying the phenomenon to be predicted. In addition, the automatic learning model trained according to the invention is obtained according to a so-called supervised learning approach in which the past observations are “labeled”. In practice, observations are said to be “labelled” when each of them is accompanied by a label which identifies the phenomenon to be predicted. The training of the automatic learning model according to the invention requires a plurality of reference cultivated areas, for which environmental parameters are measured, via suitable measuring devices, such as those described above.

Since the system according to the invention is intended to be used by many farmers/users and therefore many cultivated areas, the amount of data analyzed represents a relevant source of information for carrying out the continuous improvement of the learning model.

In general, the presence or absence of a bioaggressor, following the application of predetermined natural formulations, is crucial information for validating the relevance or for correcting the recommendations generated.

It is thus possible to propose many variants of recommendations for the same plant variety and for similar environmental conditions, with for example an earlier or later use of such or such natural formulation.

In particular, if several less secure processing data, i.e. which include an ae Le . 2 BE2022/0002 limited number of applications of natural formulations, lead to the absence of outbreak of a disease (absence of bioaggressor) on a given plant variety, it may be considered that these treatment data, which are more economical, are sufficient and will be used to generate a recommendation.

Similarly, if the first treatment data lead to the presence of a pest, and the second treatment data have made it possible to go through the risky episodes without the development of pests, the learning model can be configured to reference the second data of treatment as the new standard and thus include them when generating a recommendation.

Still in the invention, the trained automatic learning model is obtained according to the following steps: - acquisition, at each of the instants of acquisition of a plurality of successive instants of acquisition, of reference parameter values of a plurality of reference cultivated areas, the reference parameters comprising, for each reference cultivated area, at least: o parameter values of the cultivated area, the parameters of the cultivated area comprising a plant variety, a varietal resistance index associated with the plant variety, a development index of the plant variety, o a value of an environmental parameter, o treatment data comprising at least one other natural formulation selected from a second natural formulation adapted to stimulate the defense system of the plant variety, and/or a third natural formulation adapted to prevent the development of a bioaggressor, and o a datum of efficacy of the treatment by the at least one other natural formulation.

In the learning model according to the invention, the successive acquisition instants are spaced from each other by a predetermined duration, for example | hour.

In the learning model according to the invention, the efficacy data can indicate the absence of development of a predetermined bioaggressor.

Alternatively, when the value of the environmental parameter corresponds to the detection of a predetermined bioaggressor, the efficacy datum can indicate a degree of efficacy of the treatment by x ne a LL BE2022/0002 compared to a chemical pesticide commonly used against said bioaggressor.

The trained automatic learning model is also obtained according to a step of: - calculation, at each instant of acquisition, for each of the plurality of reference cultivated surfaces, of mathematical quantities, from the values of the parameters of the surface cultivated, of the value of the associated environmental parameter, acquired at acquisition instants comprised in a predetermined time period preceding the current acquisition instant.

In an example of the calculation step, the mathematical magnitudes are obtained from a mathematical function chosen from: square root, power, logarithm, exponential, gradient, average or a combination thereof. However, other mathematical functions can be envisaged.

In another example, the predetermined time period can be 4 hours, 1 or more days, one or more weeks.

Then, the trained automatic learning model is obtained according to the steps of: - creation, for each of the plurality of reference cultivated areas, of a reference mathematical function, for example describing a reference vector, from the values of parameters of the cultivated area, of the value of the environmental parameter and of the mathematical magnitudes, - association, at each instant of acquisition, for each of the plurality of reference cultivated areas, of the mathematical reference function, for example describing the reference vector, with the treatment efficiency datum of the reference cultivated area, so as to obtain automatic learning model variables, and - training an automatic learning model to predict a treatment plan comprising at least one other natural formulation, from a machine learning algorithm and the machine learning model variables.

In the training step, the training of the machine learning model is achieved by providing the machine learning model with a set of training data in the form of pairs (X, Y), in which X corresponds to a set of predictor variables and Y is a predictor variable. In practice, a couple (X. Y) is defined such that the predictor variable

X comprises the characteristic mathematical function, for example the characteristic vector, machine learning model variables and the predicted variable Y comprises the treatment data comprising the natural formulation(s) used to treat the reference cultivated area, the first variables of machine learning model that are associated with the predetermined time period. BE2022/0002

In an example of the learning step, the machine learning algorithm is based on the Random Forest method. However, other supervised type regression machine learning algorithms can also be considered.

The invention may be subject to numerous variants and applications other than those described above. In particular, unless otherwise indicated, the various structural and functional characteristics of each of the implementations described above should not be considered as combined and/or closely and/or inextricably linked to each other, but on the contrary as simple juxtapositions. In addition, the structural and/or functional characteristics of the various embodiments described above may be the subject, in whole or in part, of any different juxtaposition or any different combination. 1.4 Users

The users are farmers and horticulturists both in organic production mode or without synthetic pesticides, but it can just as well be aimed at producers in conventional production mode. Indeed, the innovation developed in this patent allows conventional producers to reduce their number of phytosanitary treatments by ensuring a partial or total transition to agroecology. The invention takes into account the cost/effectiveness ratio of the proposed solutions. The economic impact for the conventional producer in transition will therefore be acceptable. Concerning the organic producer, this invention allows him to optimize his treatment programs and to limit the dependence on copper and sulfur products which constitute the main tools for the management of fungal pathogens.

The “indirect” users also concerned are agricultural cooperatives, large retailers and players in the agri-food industry concerned with improving the quality of fruit and vegetable production. These actors are located in the agricultural sectors and the invention can be developed and integrated into the specifications. Similarly, the invention is aimed at the world of research such as experimental stations or technical institutes wishing to appropriate the process to extend its applications as well as to the world of varietal selection which will also be concerned by this invention. and will be able to gain in security by integrating the resistance index of new varieties into the system in order to better advise users.

1.5 Context in which innovation BE2022/0002 was created

At a time when consumers are increasingly concerned about the quality of the food they consume, the presence of pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables is under the spotlight. Citizen and media pressure for better quality food has pushed the political world to take decisions aimed at reducing the use of pesticides. The restriction of active ingredients that can be used and the desire to eliminate others in the coming years, pose problems for farmers who find themselves without effective means of combating certain major problems (both against fungal pathogens and pests). It is in this context that

MEDINBIO. MEDINBIO organizes the deployment of plant sectors without synthetic pesticides with agro-industrial partners. This new model of healthy and productive agriculture is made possible thanks to an innovative method: the system approach of which MEDINBIO is the inventory.

MEDINBIO develops the system approach on specific crops for organizations concerned with reducing or eliminating chemical pesticides (agri-food group, producer cooperative, processing industry).

Concretely, MEDINBIO proposes to associate the best products present on the market with the innovations resulting from its own developments to remove the limiting factors in order to constitute alternative programs without chemical pesticides. As a result, MEDINBIO offers a wide range of natural products that can be used in plant defense and natural active ingredients for biostimulant use intended for professional farmers and horticulturists.

The removal of chemical phytosanitary active ingredients by the European Commission has created a need to develop new inputs that are more respectful of the environment. This forms the main framework of the context in which the innovation was created. These new inputs, whose origin is most often biological, call upon very varied modes of action. Understanding the modes of action is essential to best adapt the recommendations for the use of these new solutions. This point is very important because unlike chemical molecules which are often characterized by high efficiency and persistence, solutions of biological origin can have moderate to high efficiency but the persistence is limited given the greater biodegradability of these compounds. . The development of phytotechnical programs without pesticides of chemical origin requires both combining different types of natural solutions but also applying them at specific times that take into account the pathosystem and the environmental factors favorable to the development of bioaggressors.

Innovation therefore responds to the double need below: - The need to have a method for setting up phytotechnical programs integrating these natural solutions; - The need to have a decision support tool to adapt the recommendations for use taking into account the specific characteristics of the pathosystem. 1.6 Legend

Figure 1: Representation of an embodiment of a process for generating a treatment plan.

Figure 2: Representation of a graph describing the level of efficacy of natural formulations as a function of time as part of the treatment against potato blight (Solanum tuberosum).

Figure 3: Representation of an embodiment of a system for monitoring a cultivated area and generating a treatment plan.

Table 1: Example of a data repository accessible by, or stored in memory in, the computing device. In this example, the parameters of the cultivated area include a prior treatment with a natural formulation of the leaf elicitor type, carried out during the leaf development phase (BBCH index = 1). 1.7 Bibliography

Decision support tools for agriculture: Towards effective design and delivery. David C. Rose et al.

Agricultural Systems, Volume 149, November 2016, Pages 165-174.

Application, adoption and opportunities for improving decision support systems in irrigated agriculture: A review. Iffat Ara et al. Agricultural Water Management, Volume 257, 1 November 2021, 107161.

Decision support systems for agriculture 4.0: Survey and challenges. Zhaoyu Zhai et al. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume 170, March 2020, 105256.

How will the next-generation of sensor-based decision systems look in the context of intelligent agriculture? A case study. A.F. Colaço et al. Field Crops Research, Volume 270, 1 August 2021, 108205.

Decision Support Systems for Stable Development of Agricultural SMES. Valery Akinfiev et al.

IFAC-PapersOnLine, Volume 54, Issue 13, 2021, Pages 289-292.

Claims (1)

2. Claims [Claim 1] Method for generating (1) a treatment plan adapted to the development conditions of a cultivated area (S1) comprising a first natural formulation adapted to promote growth and stimulate the defense system of a plant variety , said method being implemented by a computing device (10), the generation method (1) comprising the following steps: - loading (100) of parameter values of the cultivated area, said parameters comprising at least one plant variety, at least one varietal resistance index associated with the plant variety and a development index of the plant variety, - loading (200) of at least one value of an environmental parameter, for a predetermined past time period, of the cultivated area, - generation (500) of a recommendation (R1, R2) for treatment of the cultivated area according to the value of the environmental parameter and the values of the parameters of the cultivated area, said recommendation (R1, R2) comprising an application of at least one other natural formulation selected from: o a second natural formulation adapted to stimulate the defense system of the plant variety, and/or o a third natural formulation adapted to prevent development of a bioaggressor. [Claim 2] Generation method (1) according to claim 1, in which the step of loading (200) at least one value of an environmental parameter is followed by the steps of: - determination (300) of at least one threshold, for the environmental parameter considered, as a function of the values of the parameters of the cultivated area, - comparison (400) of the value of the environmental parameter with the at least one determined threshold and selection of the threshold corresponding to the value of the environmental parameter, and in which the step of generating (500) the recommendation (R1, R2) treatment of the cultivated area depends on the selected threshold. [Claim 3] Generation process (1) according to one of Claims 1 or 2, in which the BE2022/0002 parameters of the cultivated surface (S1) further comprise soil parameters, nutrient parameters, prior treatment with a natural formulation and/or a type of irrigation. [Claim 4] Generation method (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, in which: - the first natural formulation suitable for promoting growth and stimulating the defense system of a plant variety is applied via the root , And - the recommendation of the other natural formulation includes foliar application. [Claim 5] Generation method (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the method further comprising a step of loading at least one value of a predicted environmental parameter (250), for a time period predetermined future, of the cultivated area from geographic coordinates of said cultivated area, {Claim 6] Generation method (1) according to any one of Claims 3 to 5, the method comprising a step of modifying the recommendation generated by depending on the previous treatment with a natural formulation and/or the type of irrigation. [Claim 7} Generation method (1) according to claims 5 and 6, wherein the step of modifying the generated recommendation further comprises taking into account the value of the predictive environmental parameter. [Claim 8] Generation method (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, in which the environmental parameter comprises a temperature, a humidity level, a frost risk indicator, a level of precipitation, a level sunshine, wind speed, detection of a pathogenic organism or detection of a pathological symptom on the plant variety. [Claim 9] Generation method (1) according to any one of Claims 3 to 8, the method comprising a step of calculating (550) a quantity of the other natural formulation to be applied as a function of the prior treatment with the natural formulation, the parameters of the cultivated area and the value of the environmental parameter. [Claim 10] Generation method (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, in which: - the first natural formulation includes micro-organisms capable of forming a mutualistic interaction with the plant variety, - Ja second natural formulation includes at least one elicitor from BE 2022/0002 microorganisms, an insect, a nematode or plant fractions or extracts, and/or - the third natural formulation comprises at least one active compound having at least one of the following properties: antibacterial, antiviral, insecticide, insect repellent, antigerminative, nematicide or antifungal, and when the recommendation includes the application of the second and third natural formulations, the second natural formulation is applied before the third natural formulation. [Claim 11] Generation method (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 10, in which the parameters of the cultivated area (S1) comprise soil and/or nutrient parameters, said method further comprising a step of comparing (150) at least one value of a soil and/or nutrient parameter at a predetermined threshold and generation of a recommendation to add an input when the value of the soil and/or nutrient parameter is not equal at the predetermined threshold. [Claim 12] System (2) for monitoring a cultivated area (SI) and for generating a suitable treatment plan for the development of the cultivated area (S1) comprising a first natural formulation (51) adapted to promote the growth and stimulate the defense system of a plant variety, the system (2) comprising a computing device (10) and at least one measuring device (20), in which: - the measuring device (20) is suitable for measuring at least one environmental parameter (P2S1) of the surface (S1) cultivated, - the computing device (10) is configured for: o loading parameter values (P1S1) of the cultivated area (SI), said parameters comprising at least one plant variety, at least one varietal resistance index associated with the plant variety and a development index of the plant variety, o load at least one value of an environmental parameter (P2S1), for a predetermined past time period, of the cultivated area (SI), - generating a recommendation (R1, R2) for treating the cultivated surface SI as a function of the value of the environmental parameter and of the values of the parameters of the cultivated surface, said recommendation R1, R2 comprising an application of at least one other natural formulation selected from: o a second natural formulation 52 adapted to stimulate the defense system of the plant variety, and/or AT . ; x; BE2022/0002 o a third natural formulation 53 adapted to prevent the development of a bioaggressor. [Claim 13] Automatic learning model trained to predict a treatment plan adapted to the development conditions of a cultivated surface (S1) comprising a first natural formulation adapted to promote growth and stimulate the defense system of a plant variety , the trained machine learning model being obtained according to the following steps: - acquisition, at each of the instants of acquisition of a plurality of successive instants of acquisition, of reference parameter values of a plurality of reference cultivated areas, the reference parameters comprising, for each reference cultivated area , at least : o values of parameters of the cultivated area, the parameters of the cultivated area comprising a plant variety, a varietal resistance index associated with the plant variety, a development index of the plant variety, o a value of an environmental parameter, o treatment data comprising at least one other natural formulation selected from a second natural formulation suitable for stimulating the defense system of the plant variety, and/or a third natural formulation suitable for preventing the development of a bioaggressor, and o a data on the efficacy of the treatment with at least one other natural formulation, - calculation, at each instant of acquisition, for each of the plurality of reference cultivated areas, of mathematical magnitudes, from the values of the parameters of the cultivated area, of the value of the associated environmental parameter, acquired at instants of acquisition included in a predetermined time period preceding the current acquisition instant, - Creation, for each of the plurality of reference cultivated areas, of a mathematical reference function from the values of the parameters of the cultivated area, the value of the environmental parameter and the mathematical quantities, - association, at each instant of acquisition, for each of the plurality of reference cultivated areas, of the reference mathematical function with the datum of effectiveness of the treatment of the reference cultivated area, so as to obtain model variables machine learning, and - training a machine learning model to predict a BE2022/0002 treatment plan with at least one other natural formulation, from a machine learning algorithm and machine learning model variables.