BE1016252A6 - Universal latrine for use in e.g. building, has pit ventilating device placed on pit and outside superstructure, and ventilation pipe, placed directly on slab, outside superstructure and directly communicating with pit - Google Patents

Abstract

The latrine has a pit (1) whose base is permeable to liquids, and a seat (2a) with a snap-on lid. A device (4) ventilating the pit is placed on the pit and outside a superstructure (3). A ventilation pipe operating based on a chimney effect is placed directly on a slab (2) and outside the superstructure. The pipe directly communicates with the pit.

Description

       

  DESCRIPTION
Universal Latrine The invention, the Universal Latrine (LTU), concerns a new generation of dry latrine with ventilated pit characterized by a triple performance (hygiene, comfort and ecology) and a quintuple innovation: the Improved Aeration Process of the Pit ( PAAF), Improved Pit Venting Process (PVAF), Universal Pit Method (PFU), Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP) and Indestructible Ventilated Latrine Process (PLVI) . 

   The time when the use of a dry latrine was the sad privilege of the poor in the developing country is over: more and more people in Europe and elsewhere in the world regret that the use of a modern toilet goes from with a great waste of water and wish to have at their disposal a hygienic and comfortable sanitary installation but whose operation does not require water.  The new generation of ventilated pit latrine which is the subject of the present invention responds to this precise demand for water saving. 
If there is nothing more natural than doing one's needs, this daily act of every human being is a puzzle in today's world. 

   The problem is twofold:
- a cultural problem: in all cultures of the world children learn that the smell of urine and feces is repugnant.  This is how people refuse to go to their homes in a sanitary facility where the smell of excreta is noticeable, because they find it very uncomfortable.  A comfortable sanitary installation is therefore above all a sanitary installation where the smell of excreta is not perceptible. 
- a problem of hygiene: flies appreciate the smell of our excreta, more than it feels more than they are tempted to approach and stay there. 

   Because of the presence of flies, we create a barrier between our excreta and flies, to prevent the microbes that may be found in our excreta being spread by flies. 
A sanitary installation is therefore characterized by a double performance: comfort, characterized by the absence of odor in the superstructure (so the place where the user is to do his needs) and hygiene, because the flies are prevented from spread the germs found in our excreta. 
The modern WC perfectly achieves this double performance, thanks to the water barrier inside the siphon.  Indeed, the water in the siphon is an excellent barrier for both smells and flies.  But this very efficient sanitary facility has a big drawback: its operation requires a lot of water. 

   The dry latrine does not have this disadvantage.  However, the type of dry latrine used in Europe is not a dry latrine with a ventilated pit and the odors of the pit are clearly perceptible in the superstructure.  Most people who have had to use this dry latrine in Europe have a bad memory of those bad smells (and sometimes flies) coming out of the pit when the lid covering the seat or the defecation hole is removed.  Thanks to the new invention described in this document the dry latrine no longer has these disadvantages. 

   Indeed, this new generation of ventilated pit latrine, dubbed the Universal Latrine (LTU) is a sanitary installation whose conditions of comfort and hygiene are comparable to those of the modern toilet with siphon, but whose operation is ecological, because does not require water. 

   Note to the reader:
In this document, in order not to burden the text, the terms used to designate people are taken in the generic sense, they have both a feminine and a masculine value (thus user refers to both a user of sex feminine than male).  also, for the sake of clarity, the term latrine is used in the singular when one wants to designate a single copy of latrine. 
The document is structured as follows:

   summary of the structure and operation of a ventilated latrine / the utility of the new invention / explanation of the Design Boards / summary description of the 5 new Processes / detailed description of the technical aspects and benefits of the 5 Processes, including the description of the Portable Universal Latrine, Model 10-A1 / Claims / Description. 
Summary of the structure and operation of a ventilated latrine. 
For a good understanding of the document, we summarize in a few lines the structure and operation of a dry latrine with ventilated pit (also called ventilated latrine). 

   The structure. 
A dry latrine with ventilated pit generally includes the following elements: 1 / the pit directly under the slab and which collects the excreta 2 / the slab provided with a defecation hole 3 / the superstructure which ensures the privacy of the user 4 / the vent pipe that vents stale air from the pit
Operation. 
A dry, ventilated pit latrine is not equipped with a siphon: the separation between the superstructure (where the user who needs it) and the pit in which the excreta fall directly as soon as they leave the human body consists of a slab (the floor) in which there is a hole to allow the excreta to fall directly into the pit
(this is the defecation hole). 
Fermentation of these excreta releases odor. 

   If the latrine is not a ventilated latrine, this smell invades the superstructure, especially when the lid of the defecation hole is removed.  In order to avoid this, the dry latrine with ventilated pit has been designed: a ventilation pipe is in direct contact with the pit and allows the evacuation of stale air from the pit. 
Therefore, in the context of this document, it is necessary to differentiate the term ventilation of the pit and aeration of the pit. 
By the term ventilation of the pit, we define the evacuation of the exhaust air from the pit towards the outside through the ventilation pipe, by the suction effect generated in the ventilation pipe. 
By the term aeration of the pit, we define the entry of the fresh air from the outside into the pit (and which comes to replace the exhausted exhaust air),

   through one or more passages provided for this purpose, while preventing the entry of flies and light into the pit. 
Without aeration of the pit, the suction force present in the ventilation pipe is thwarted because the suction source is blocked.  Good ventilation of the pit therefore requires good ventilation of the pit. 
The description of the state of the art in the field of dry latrine with ventilated pit (also called ventilated latrine) is presented among others in the book Guide of individual sanitation, OMS, Ref. WHO Library ISBN 92 4 254443 4. 
The invention presented here is therefore a new generation of dry latrine with ventilated pit. 
Indeed, a large number of types of dry latrine with ventilated pit already exist, including among others, the VIP latrine (Ventilated Improved Pit),

   which has existed for years, and the Selective Lid Latrine (LVCS), the invention of which is recent, invention for which a patent of invention was granted by the African Organization for Intellectual Protection (OAPI) November 4 2002 to its inventor,
Mr. Jacques Vanhercke (my brother), under the N [deg. ] 11. 904 and whose summary was published in the
Official Bulletin of Intellectual Property (BOPI) of January 2003. 

   The field of the state of the art to which the invention relates relates to the code A47K 11/00. 
If, in our opinion, the invention of the Selective Lid Ventilated Latrine (LVCS) represents, in our opinion, a considerable advance in the state of the art, we nevertheless believe that the invention that we will describe here is likely to make it progress further. 
Indeed, LVCS, like all other types of ventilated latrine, was designed with the objective of providing poor people in developing countries with a latrine that provides better comfort and better hygiene than the traditional latrine a simple hole in the ground covered with a slab). 
On the other hand,

   the primary objective of the invention of the Universal Latrine is to offer the populations of the developed countries of Europe and elsewhere the possibility of having a sanitary installation which is not limited to the double performance of hygiene and hygiene. comfort that characterizes the modern WC, but with a triple performance: a sanitary facility comfortable, hygienic and environmentally friendly because its operation does not require water. 
Although the main objective of the invention is to satisfy a demand from developed countries, some models of the Universal Latrine may also be used in developing countries. 
The utility of the Universal Latrine. 

   The modern WC is based on the siphon system which prevents, thanks to the presence of the water barrier inside the siphon, the passage of odors and flies between the superstructure and the septic tank / sewers. 
The invention of the modern WC was a real revolution and allowed the construction of cities and buildings. 

   The siphon system is so convenient and efficient that for years nobody saw the need to look for alternative processes to the siphon system. 
But recently, more and more people believe that alternative systems to the siphon system are essential, among others for the following reasons:
1 / an ecological reason: an alternative process that produces the same conditions of hygiene comfort (no smell and no flies in the superstructure) but whose operation does not require water, would save in each developed country millions of liters of water (often drinkable) a day. 
2 / crisis periods: Governments are taking steps to deal with periods of crisis. 

   Let us mention the case of floods, fires, earthquakes, explosions, terrorist attacks, displacement of populations,. . . .  are all situations where water becomes a priority. 
From this perspective, we realize that a water cut in a city would have serious consequences, especially because the operation of modern siphon toilets stops completely in case of water cutoff. 

   Indeed, a water break of one day or more in a European city (especially during the summer) is formidable, not only because of the unsustainable odors released by toilets filled with faeces that are no longer removed by the flush, but especially because of the risk of epidemics. 
Like troubleshooting systems are provided in case of power failure (generators, etc.). it also makes sense that emergency toilets that meet the standards of hygiene and comfort but working without water are provided wherever the concentration of people is dense (in large buildings, schools, hospitals, barracks, etc.). ). 
The Universal Latrine allows it. 
3 / the phenomenon of vandalism that takes hold in the Western world
The public authorities are faced with a dilemma:

   on the one hand, the modern world requires improvements in hygiene, including the proliferation of public sanitation facilities, even in remote areas (for example in large publicly accessible forests, where places are picnic etc. ), but on the other hand to provide modern siphon sanitary facilities in these remote areas is almost impossible for two reasons: - the need to connect these sanitary facilities to the water supply network,
- the modern siphon sanitary installation is easily plundered by thieves or thieves (the seat, the flushing mechanism, and especially the water supply pipes, which, if destroyed, may leave pouring huge amounts of (drinking) water before the damage is noticed and repaired. 

   The Universal Latrine provides a solution to this dilemma: it works without water and, thanks to the Indestructible Ventral Latrine Process, it can be installed in remote locations and without close surveillance, while reducing the risk of breakage to almost zero. 
The Selective Lid Latrine (LVCS) can be considered the most attractive ventilated pit latrine that exists at this time.  Nevertheless, after a thorough analysis, we found that it presents five conceptual deficiencies.  We summarize them below:
1 / The selective closing process of the pit which forms the central concept of the LVCS, is presented as a generic concept.  In fact, it is not a generic concept but a particular application of a generic concept. 

   Indeed, the process has been formulated thus (see full text of the invention, page 15, line 35 to 40): The selective closing process of the pit is defined as a mechanism which, by means of a device applied to the level of the defecation hole, prevents the passage of flies into the defecation hole, creates a relative darkness, and allows the entry of air necessary for the proper functioning of the ventilation pipe, thus making the process superfluous maintaining a relative darkness in the superstructure and making the superstructure light, well lit and well ventilated. 

   We believe that the generic concept of selective closure of the pit is to be defined as: the processes that allow the entry into the pit of fresh air necessary for the proper ventilation of the pit, while avoiding entry into the pit flies and light. 
This new definition of the generic concept of selective closure of the pit demonstrates that the selective closure process of the pit, as applied in the LVCS, is only a particular application of this generic concept and that other processes exist. or can be designed to achieve the generic concept of selective closure of the pit. 
The novelty we bring is the Enhanced Aeration Process of the Pit PAAF,

   defined as the set of mechanisms other than those applied in existing ventilated latrines (the LVCS and the others) that allow to realize the generic concept selective closure of the pit. 
2 / the inventor of the LVCS did not bring any novelties to the ventilation mechanism of the pit. 

   He took up the ventilation pipe as he discovered in the other dry latrines with ventilated pit: a pipe straight, whose effect of vacuum is caused by the effect of chimney and whose flycatcher function is based on daylight entering the pipe from the top of the pipe. 
We believe that a definition of the generic concept ventilation of the pit also allows new applications. 
Indeed, we believe that the generic concept ventilation of the pit is to be defined as follows:

    the processes that make it possible to evacuate stale air from the pit while retaining flies if necessary; these methods, if necessary, also play the active role of fly-catcher by attracting the flies present in the pit
This new definition of the generic concept ventilation of the pit highlights that the different types of ventilation pipe, as applied in the LVCS and other ventilated pit latrines are only a few particular applications of this generic concept and that of Other mechanisms can be designed that allow to realize the generic concept ventilation of the pit. 
The novelty we bring is the Improved Vent Venting Process PVAF,

   defined as the set of mechanisms other than those applied in the existing ventilated latrines (the LVCS and the others) that allow to realize the generic concept ventilation of the pit. 
3 / the inventor of the LVCS did not bring new features to the excreta collection system.  He took over the pit as he discovered in the other dry latrines with ventilated pit: a hole in the ground, of which possibly the wall is reinforced to avoid the collapse, the bottom of the pit being permeable to liquids . 
We believe that a new definition of the generic concept pit also allows new applications. 
Indeed, we believe that the generic concept pit is to be defined as: the space directly below the slab / floor and intended to directly collect excreta. 

   This new definition of the generic pit concept highlights that different pit types, as applied in the LVCS and other ventilated pit latrines, are only a few particular applications of this generic concept and that other processes can be designed. that allow to realize the generic concept pit and allowing thus to widen the fields of application of the ventilated latrine and to advance the State of the Technique. 
The novelty that we bring is the Universal Pit Method (PFU), defined as the set of mechanisms allowing to surround the pit,

   as defined by the generic concept pit of one or more walls in order to achieve complete tightness of the pit and allowing the easy and hygienic removal of excreta and where appropriate also of the wall which is in direct contact with excreta. 
The name Process of the Universal Pit was chosen because thanks to this method, the pit is no longer assimilated to a hole dug in the ground, and its location has almost no limits:

   the universal pit can be installed not only in a garden, but also in the flat of a building, in an underground cellar, on the water (if placed on a float) etc. 
4 / the inventor of the LVCS (nor the inventors of other types of dry latrine with ventilated pit), did not consider the portable ventilated latrine concept, nor on the processes that could be conceived to realize this concept.  Indeed, all existing types of ventilated latrines (LVCS and others) were designed to be built on-site as part of a long-planned, latrine-based action.  This constitutes a considerable gap. 

   Indeed, natural or man-made disasters (earthquakes, floods, people displaced by war, etc.) ) occur (unfortunately!) regularly in the world and in these situations a vital need is to provide disaster victims with hygienic sanitary facilities.  We think to bring a novelty by presenting the generic concept Portable Vented Latrine (LVP).  This new generic concept defines it as:
Portable Vented Latrine is a dry, ventilated pit latrine whose spare parts, solid but light, can be transported with ease and allow a quick and easy installation at the place of use. 
This new concept is accompanied by a new process, which makes it possible to implement this generic concept. 

   This process is called the Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP). 
The PKSP is defined as the set of mechanisms that make it possible to realize the generic concept Ventilated Portable Latrine. 
The definition of the PKSP process allows for the design and manufacture of different types of portable ventilated latrines, adapted to the circumstances and places where these portable sanitary kits (KSP) are to be installed (for example, some types of KSPs have a universal pit other types of KSP will not be equipped, if at the place where this KSP will be used it is easy to dig a pit in the ground
(manually, or using an auger). 
The generic LVP concept and the PKSP Method in turn greatly expand the scope of the Universal Latrine. 
5 / the inventor of the LVCS,

   nor the inventors of the other types of dry latrine with ventilated pit, did not consider the indestructible ventilated latrine idea. 
Indeed, all existing types of ventilated latrines (LVCS and others) have been designed to be built in protected and tightly guarded areas where flight and vandalism are not a problem. 
This constitutes a considerable gap. 
In fact, the ventilated pit latrine is a sanitary installation which, by its nature, is suitable for installation in remote areas because it does not need to be connected to a water supply network. 

   However, existing types of ventilated latrines (LVCS and others) can not, in practice, be used because they have not been designed to withstand acts of theft or vandalism. 
LVCS is particularly vulnerable in this respect: the Selective Lid is a lightweight object that can easily be stolen or damaged.  By its mode of operation, it is almost impossible to transform it into an object that can not be stolen or damaged. 
We think to bring a novelty by presenting the generic concept Sanitary Installation
Indestructible (ISI).  This new generic concept defines it as:
The Indestructible Sanitary Facility is a sanitary facility for public use whose manufacture is designed to protect against most acts of theft and vandalism. 

   This new concept is accompanied by a new process, which makes it possible to implement this generic concept.  This Process, we named it Process of the Indestructible Ventilated Latrine (PLVI). 
The PLVI process is defined as the set of mechanisms that make it possible to produce types of ventilated latrine whose manufacture is designed to protect them against most acts of theft and vandalism. 
The definition of the PCAP process makes it possible to design and manufacture different types of indestructible ventilated latrines, adapted to the circumstances and the places where they must be installed. The generic ISI concept and the PLVI method thus make it possible to considerably broaden the scope of the application. Universal latrine. 
In conclusion,

   after identifying the 5 deficiencies of the existing ventilated pit latrines (the LVCS and the others), we have been able to develop 5 new processes which make it possible to fill these gaps, namely: the Improved Vent Aeration Process ( PAAF), Improved Pit Venting Process (PVAF), Universal Pit Method (PFU), Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP) and Indestructible Ventilated Latrine Process (PLVI) . 
We believe that the description of these new processes will contribute to the progress of the state of the art. 
Also, the development of these 5 new processes led to the birth of a new generation of ventilated pit latrine, the Universal Latrine (LTU),

   being defined as a dry ventilated pit latrine using at least one of the following Processes: Improved Pit Aeration Process (PAAF), Improved Pit Ventilation Process (PVAF), Process of the Universal Pit (PFU), the Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP) and the Indestructible Ventilated Latrine Process (PLVI). 
The invention will be better understood with the figures below:
Plate I: gives an overview of an example of a Universal Latrine; it is an LTU, because this ventilated pit latrine applies at least one of the LTU Processes, including the Improved Pit Aeration Process (PAAF). 

   The different elements of this Universal Latrine are:
1 = the pit; here it is a simple pit, the bottom of the pit is permeable to liquids; 2 the slab; 2a = the seat with its hermetic lid; 3 = the superstructure which ensures the privacy of the user (one of the walls of the superstructure has not been drawn, in order to have a view of the inside of the LTU); 4 = an example of a DAAF: it is a DAAF that is on the slab, but outside the superstructure, it is a mushroom-type DAAF (the insect-proof mesh is not designed so as not to overload the design); 5 = here the LTU is equipped with a simple ventilation pipe whose operation is based on the chimney effect, it is placed directly on the slab and is thus in direct communication with the pit, if it is outside the superstructure. 

   At the top we can see the insect screen.  Plate II: gives an overview of another example of a Universal Latrine; it is an LTU because this ventilated pit latrine applies at least one of the LTU Processes, including the Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP) as well as the Improved Pit Aeration Process. (the PAAF). 

   The board gives an overview of an example of Portable Sanitary Kit (KSP): 1 = the pit; here it is a simple pit, the bottom of the pit is permeable to liquids; 2 the slab (the floor); here the floor is not provided with a seat but with a defecation hole in circular shape ^ 2a, in dashed lines); 2b (also in dashed lines) = the bowl, here in oval shape; 2c = the hermetic cover that covers the defecation hole and bowl (the wrist of the lid has not been drawn to avoid overloading the design); 3 = the superstructure which ensures the privacy of the user (only two sides of the superstructure have been drawn); 4 = Improved Vent Aeration Device (DAAF);

   here the LTUP is equipped with a DAAF which is on the floor, outside the superstructure, it is also a DAAF mushroom type (here too, so as not to overload the design anti-grid) insect is not drawn); 5 also here the LTU is provided with a simple ventilation pipe whose operation is based on the chimney effect, it is placed directly on the floor and is therefore in direct communication with the pit; it is inside the superstructure (the insect screen is not designed so as not to overload the design). 
Plate III: represents a section AA of the LTU whose overview is shown in the Plate and provides a better understanding of the interaction between the DAAF and the ventilation pipe operating on the basis of the chimney effect;

   DAAF is mushroom type;
1 & 2 represent the ventilation of the pit: the stale air of the pit is evacuated to the outside by the vacuum effect that prevails in the ventilation pipe, thanks to the chimney effect;
3 & 4 represent the aeration of the pit
3 = the fresh air from the outside enters the pit through the DAAF, attracted by the vacuum that is created in the pit due to the evacuation of stale air through the vent pipe
4 = the fresh air entering the pit mixes with the stale air of the pit
Plate IV:
- Figure 1 shows the top of a simple ventilation pipe, equipped with a mesh insect, which allows the ventilation pipe to also play its role of fly catcher. 

   The vacuum effect of this ventilation pipe is achieved by the chimney effect. 
- Figure 2 shows an example of application of the PVAF Process: at the top of a ventilation pipe was installed a mill that rotates under the effect of wind.  The vacuuming effect in the ventilation pipe is realized by the fact that the mill rotates.  If this model of Improved Vent Venting Device (DVAF) is used, a luminous point on the top of the pipe is sometimes also installed to reinforce the fly trap function of the ventilation pipe (this luminous point has not been drawn, so as not to overburden the design). 
- Figure 3 shows another example of application of the PVAF Process: at the top of a ventilation pipe was installed a mechanism that sucks the exhaust air from the pit to the outside. 

   This mechanism works by means of electric current.  With this model of DVAF a luminous dot is also sometimes installed at the top of the pipe to reinforce the fly trap function of the ventilation pipe (this luminous point has not been drawn, so as not to overload the design).  - Figure 4 shows a type of DAAF other than that shown in Plate I and II: it is not fixed on the slab / floor and is outside the superstructure; the pipe connecting the DAAF with the pit is bent and passes into the ground before reaching the pit;
- Figure 5 represents yet another type of DAAF.  It is a DAAF with a mechanism that actively sucks fresh air from the outside to the pit. 

   This mechanism works by means of electric current. 
Plate V
- Figure 1 shows the pit of existing types of dry latrine with ventilated pit: the hole in the soil is surrounded by a single wall and the bottom of the hole is permeable to liquids
- Figure 2 shows an example of application of the Universal Pit Method (the PFU) it is a single wall pit but whose wall is completely sealed, even the bottom of the pit is impermeable. 

   Here emptying the pit is not easy, because can only be achieved through access to the slab.  -Figure 3: represents another example of application of the Universal Pit Method (the PFU): it is a double-walled pit, the outer wall is solid but is not necessarily waterproof: it serves mainly to support the slab and the superstructure and also to allow to place and remove the second wall.  The inner wall consists of a container (eg PVC) which is removable: to empty the LTU this container is removed and replaced by another, (the container removed will be drained to a suitable place, cleaned and disinfected : it is intended to be reused)
-Figure 4: represents yet another example of application of the Universal Pit Method (the PFU). 

   It is also a double-walled pit.  The first wall is solid but is not necessarily waterproof: it is mainly used to support the slab and the superstructure and also to allow to place and remove the second wall. 
The second wall consists of a bag (for example flexible but strong PVC) and which is also removable: to empty the LTU the bag is removed and replaced by another; the bag removed will be drained to a suitable place, cleaned and disinfected, intended for re-use, sometimes it is destined to be destroyed together with its contents. 
Plate VI:

   it represents an example of a Latrine Ventilated Indestructible (LVI) of mushroom type, with a large pit:
1 * the superstructure, it is a totally empty room, where there is nothing (no seat, no ventilation pipe, no cover), so nothing to steal or break); 2 * the wall of the superstructure, made of reinforced concrete, circular in shape; 2a * a circular ventilation hole 20 cm in diameter allowing the entry of air into the superstructure and a limited amount of light, so as to maintain the superstructure in relative darkness 3 <*> the wrong, also in reinforced concrete.

   It forms the head of the mushroom 4 * the vent pipe, which is inside the fence wall; 4 a * the anti-insect fence is also hidden inside the wall 5 * the reinforced concrete slab 12 cm thick; 6 * the defecation hole (it is dark enough to avoid attracting flies to the pit, even if the defecation hole remains open, allowing aeration of the pit through the defecation hole)
7 <*> one of the beams supporting the slab and the superstructure; 8 * the pit Remarks: 1 / the access door to the LVI has not been drawn 2 / this model does not have a lid for emptying: the emptying is done by suction by means of a pipe introduced in the pit through the defecation hole.
Plate VII:

   it represents an example of a mushroom-type Indestructible Ventilated Latrine (LVI), with a narrow and deep pit: 1 * the superstructure, it is a totally empty room, where there is nothing (neither seat nor pipe ventilation, nor cover), so nothing to steal or break); 2 * the wall of the superstructure, made of reinforced concrete, circular in shape; 2a * a 30 cm diameter circular air hole allowing the entry of air into the superstructure as well as a limited amount of light, so as to maintain the superstructure in relative darkness (in this model darkness may to be less pronounced by the fact that the pit is deep: the flies can enter the upper part of the pit but will not go down below, where are the excreta) 3 * the roof, also in reinforced concrete.

   II forms the head of the mushroom
4 * the ventilation pipe, inside the fence wall, the pipe has two elbows; 4 a * the insect screen, hidden inside the wall; 4b * and 4c: at each elbow is a light reflector, allowing light entering through the top of the pipe to reach the pit;
5 * the DAAF, being also inside the concrete wall, it extends into the pit by a pipe; the presence of this DAAF can eventually cover the defecation hole with a hermetic lid;
6 * reinforced concrete slab 8-10 cm thick and 140 cm in diameter;

   7 * the defecation hole 8 * the narrow and deep pit (4 meters deep, of which only 2 meters below are intended to collect the excreta, once this level reached, it is necessary to proceed with the emptying.
Notes: 1 / here it is not necessary to place beams to support the slab 2 / the access door to the LVI was not drawn 3 / this model does not have a lid for emptying: the emptying is by suction through a pipe introduced into the pit through the defecation hole 4 / the construction of this narrow and deep pit model is less expensive than the previous model.
Brief description of the 5 new processes.
The 5 new processes are:

    the Improved Pit Aeration Process (PAAF), the Improved Pit Venting Process (PVAF), the Universal Pit Method (PFU), the Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP) and Process of the Indestructible Ventilated Latrine (PLVI).
1) Improved Vent Aeration Process (PAAF)
The Improved Pit Aeration Process differs from the process of selective pit closure (used in LVCS), inter alia, by the fact that PAAF is a method that does not apply to the defecation hole, while that the process of selective pit closure (used in the LVCS) applies exclusively to the level of the defecation hole.
Some advantages of the PAAF process:

  
1 / it eliminates the need to use the Selective Lid to get aeration of the pit, which has several advantages (see below);
2 / the performance of the ventilated latrine applying the PAAF process is better than that of the LVCS: the fresh air enters the pit more easily, and thus the ventilation pipe works better: it ensures better ventilation of the pit and evacuates better the stale air of the pit.
3 / the application of the PAAF process makes it possible to install a ventilated latrine inside the houses.

   This allows the use of the Universal Latrine in the (cold) countries of Europe and elsewhere in the world.
4 / the application of the PAAF process makes it possible to easily and inexpensively transform dry non-ventilated latrines (still in use in Europe and elsewhere in the world) into Universal Latrine.
2) Improved Vent Venting Process (PVAF)
The Improved Vent Venting Procedure (PVAF) differs from the ventilation pipe system used in existing ventilated pit latrines (LVCS and others), among others, by the fact that
- the method allows the possibility of using several ventilation pipes if the conditions require it (for example, one used to produce the ventilation of the pit and the other which serves as a fly catcher);

  
- The process allows the possibility of obtaining a vacuum effect 24/24 hours: two ventilation pipes are installed; if in the ventilation pipe the chimney effect has become insufficient due to lack of wind above the ventilation pipe, the second ventilation pipe will exert the vacuuming effect by means of a vacuum mechanism installed in the pipe and which operates with the help of electric current (alternating or continuous);

  
- the process allows the possibility of installing the Universal Latrine in places where the existing ventilated pit latrine (the LVCS and the others) can not function, for example inside a building, allowing the possibility to use a ventilation pipe that has several curves and a length of more than 10 meters (in these conditions a simple ventilation pipe, based solely on the chimney effect, can not work)
- The method allows the possibility that the fly trap function can operate 24/24 hours even if the ventilation pipe is installed in such a way that daylight can not penetrate the ventilation pipe (the pipe is not right or is installed in a place that does not allow the entry of natural light into the ventilation pipe).
3)

   The Universal Pit Method (PFU)
The Universal Pit Method (PFU), differs from the ordinary pit system, used in existing dry ventilated pit latrines (LVCS and others) among others by the fact that
- the process allows the possibility to easily and hygienically remove the excreta from the pit, without having to resort to the double-pit system with alternating use (for two years this is the first pit that is used and for the next two years it is the second pit, while the first one is out of use), as is often the case with existing ventilated pit latrines (LVCS and others);

  
- the method allows the possibility of installing the Universal Latrine in places where the existing ventilated pit latrine (LVCS and others) can not be installed, for example inside a flat of a building where it is used as a toilet for troubleshooting in the event of a water cutoff.
- the process allows the possibility of using the Universal Latrine, not as a toilet for troubleshooting, but as a permanent alternative to the toilet siphon.

   This alternative is justified in places where there is a shortage of water and where it is impossible to dig a pit in the soil, so as not to contaminate the water table or a watercourse.
4) The Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP)
The Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP) is a new process that accompanies the generic concept of New Ventilated Portable Latrine (LVP).

   It differs from the existing dry pit latrine manufacturing systems (LVCS and others) by, among other things, the fact that:
- The new Process allows the possibility to manufacture several types of Portable Universal Latrine (LUP) which provide thousands of people with emergency hygienic and hygienic sanitary facilities even in places where existing ventilated pit latrines (LVCS and others) can not be built (eg if it is a place hit by floods, the Process can provide the LUP with an inflatable float on which the LUP is mounted)
- the new Process allows the possibility to manufacture types and models of LUP which are adapted to the conditions in which the LUP will have to be installed and used (example:

   a team of workers who has been stationed for an extended period of time in an underground location may install a solar powered LUP at this location that provides power for the operation of the PAAF and PVAF).
5) The Indestructible Vented Latrine Process (the PLVI) is a novel process that accompanies the generic concept of the new Indestructible Sanitary Facility (ISI).

   It differs from existing ventilated pit latrine manufacturing systems (LVCS and others) by, among other things, the fact that: - the new Process allows the possibility of manufacturing Universal Latrine types and models which can be installed at different locations. unsupervised areas, while reducing the risk of breakage to almost zero.
- The new Process allows the possibility of manufacturing types and models of Universal Latrine that combine the indestructibility aspect with respect for the beauty of nature.

   Detailed description of the technical aspects and advantages of the processes.
We recall the 5 Processes: the Improved Pit Aeration Process (PAAF), the Improved Pit Venting Process (PVAF), the Universal Pit Method (PFU), the Portable Sanitary Kit Process (the PKSP) and the Indestructible Ventilated Latrine Process (PLVI).

   Introduction: a brief description of the 5 main functions of a dry latrine with ventilated pit.
Any dry latrine with a ventilated pit performs the following five main functions: 1. provides, thanks to the slab, a solid and hermetic separation between the pit and the superstructure, while allowing the excreta to enter the pit; separation function (S). 2. Ensures the collection of excreta in a space that is safe from flies is the function of the pit (F).
3. evacuate stale air from the pit, this is the ventilation function (V).
4. catches flies that could have entered the pit, it is often the ventilation pipe that provides this function, and this is why the top of the ventilation pipe is equipped with insect screens; it is the capture function (C).

   (As a reminder, the mechanism of this capture function is as follows: as soon as the defecation hole / seat is closed by the lid, the fly is enclosed in the pit where the darkness reigns, except at the place where is fixed the ventilation pipe in the slab, this place being lit, the fly goes there, and attracted by the high brightness at the top of the pipe, it goes there.

   Held by the insect screen covering the top of the pipe, the fly dehydrates and dies quickly). 5. ensures aeration of the pit; it is the ventilation function (A), which has 3 sub-functions:
5.1. allows the entry of fresh air to the pit, necessary for the operation of the ventilation pipe (this is the sub-function A +) 5.2. avoids the entry of light to the pit except at the level of the ventilation pipe (this is the subfunction L -)
5.3. avoid the entry of flies to the pit (this is the sub-function M -) Thus, the functions and sub-functions of the dry latrine with ventilated pit can be summarized by the code S II [Psi] II M II C II A + / L- / M-.

   Latrine Universelle brings new features to these 5 functions:
- The PAAF Process brings new features to the Aeration function.
- The PVAF Process brings new features in the Ventilation and Capture functions.
- The PFU Process brings new features at the level of the pit function
- The PLVP Process brings new features mainly in the Separation function, but also in the other functions.
A) The technical aspects and benefits of ADP. The technical aspects of ADP.

   Definitions: - the generic concept of selective closure of the pit is defined as: the processes that allow the entry into the pit of fresh air necessary for the proper ventilation of the pit, while avoiding entry into the pit of the flies and light.
- The Improved Pit Aeration Process (PAAF), is defined as the set of mechanisms other than those applied in the existing ventilated latrines (the LVCS and others) which allow to realize the generic concept selective closure of the pit.
- The Enhanced Pit Venting Device (DAAF) is defined as any device that embodies the PAAF.
Very often the DAAFs will be in the form of DAAF-mushroom, in that the pipe is covered with a capsule having a dual function:

   1 / to prevent light from entering the pit through the DAAF
2 / avoid at the top of the DAAF creates a chimney effect (which attracts stale air from the pit to the outside)
DAAFs produce sufficient ventilation of the pit in various ways, including: - actively: aeration of the pit can occur through a mechanism that actively sends fresh air into the pit (in this case). In this case, it must be ensured that the cover that covers the defecation hole or the seat is a hermetic cover and that the active sending of the fresh air is stopped when a person wants to use the latrine).

   Among these mechanisms, the DAAF can use inter alia a mechanism (a vacuum that blows fresh air to the pit) that operates by means of electric current, alternating or continuous;
- passively: it is sufficient to provide a sufficiently wide passage to the pit so that the fresh air from outside can be attracted by a certain degree of vacuum created in the pit (because of the stale air evacuated by the vent pipe), unhindered access to the pit.
It should be noted that in the case of the Selective Lid Latrine (LVCS) the fresh air enters the pit also passively.
Here a comparison between the aeration of the pit carried out by the Selective Lid and the aeration of the pit realized by the DAAF is essential:
- in the LVCS, the access of fresh air to the pit is real but limited.

   This is because the only way to get fresh air to the pit is through the small holes in the Selective Lid. By the very nature of the selective lid, the number of small holes is necessarily limited to a maximum of about 200 (maximum 10 rows of 20 holes) and the diameter of the holes is limited to about 2 mm (to prevent the entry of flies and mosquitoes in the pit).
These 200 small circular holes of diameter 2mm represent a total section of 6.28 cm <2>.
The section considered the smallest of a ventilation pipe of a LVCS is 31.17cm <2>.

   There is therefore a significant disproportion between the size of the section of the air outlet and the air inlet.
This easily explains the fact that the pit is not able to receive enough fresh air to ensure optimal operation of the ventilation pipe: the section of the fresh air inlet to the pit (EAF) is
5 times smaller than the outlet section of the exhaust air from the pit (SAV).
Indeed, the access of the fresh air being limited and insufficient to compensate for the stale air evacuated by the ventilation pipe, it creates a pressure drop, which results in the decrease of the performance of the ventilation pipe:

   the stale air of the pit is evacuated more slowly because the suction force of the chimney effect is largely lost at the entrance.
- Through the application of ADP, the Universal Latrine does not know the problem of insufficient access of fresh air to the pit.
In fact, the PAAF does not use the Selective Lid to provide fresh air access to the pit, but a DAAF whose EAF section is often equal to or greater than the SAV section.
- Usually the Universal Latrine (LTU) will be equipped with a single DAAF, but it is not excluded to install several. - Regarding the location of the DAAF, several possibilities exist, among others:
- type P: DAAF is installed on the floor itself
- type I: it is the DAAF which is installed inside the fence of the LTU, but next to the floor:

   it is connected to the pit by a pipe (see design)
- type E: the DAAF is installed outside the fence and is connected to the pit by a pipe (see design)
The benefits of ADP.
Some of the benefits of ADP come directly from the better aeration of the pit.

   This better ventilation has the following effects: - a better comfort for the user: thanks to the improved aeration of the pit, the ventilation pipe works better: the evacuation of the stale air of the pit is better carried out> in the superstructure of the Universal Latrine does not perceive bad odors coming from the pit;
- better hygiene: the pit being devoid of bad smell, the pit is unattractive to flies:

   flies are not tempted to enter at times of use (MU) by a user.
Here a clarification is needed:
during periods of use (MU), the lid covering the seat or the defecation hole is obviously removed and theoretically allows the entry of flies.
- but in practice, flies do not enter the well-ventilated pit of the Universal Latrine during MUs, even if it is a roofless Universal Latrine located in the open: the pit is correctly ventilated, it does not emit any odor and therefore does not attract flies;

   the darkness in the pit is in these circumstances an effective obstacle that flies do not wish to cross (it is only when the smell of excreta in its pit is strong enough that some flies decide to enter the pit in spite of the darkness that prevails) - to further reduce the risk of a possible entry of flies into the pit during MUs, the following precautions are applied when using a roofless Universal Latrine and lying outside :

   1 / the Ventilated Latrine (LTU) must be in a clean place where nothing special attracts the flies 2 / in the superstructure must be impeccable cleanliness (especially the slab must be in a state of total cleanliness) so as to the superstructure does not attract the flies 3 / the user removes the lid for as little time as possible 4 / as soon as the lid is removed from the seat hole, the user will sit on the seat, this which prevents the flies from entering the pit 5 / if it is a defecation hole, the user will immediately take a squatting position above the defecation hole so that the anus is as close as possible to the defecation hole (while avoiding touching the slab);

   he fart his needs so that the faeces fall directly into the pit without touching the edges of the defecation hole; if drops of urine have fallen on the bowl of the slab, it will not take long to take the bottle of water which is within reach of his hand and immediately rinse the bowl with a little water (which flows in the hole defecation); he will ensure that no fly approaches the defecation hole; if so, he will gesticulate with his hands to chase her away;

   he will put the lid back on the defecation hole as soon as the excreta emission and the personal hygiene are finished and the bowl has been rinsed with a little water 6 / after the use of the LTU by a child, an adult will visit immediately after use the LTU to make the slab (especially the bowl and the edges of the defecation hole) in a state of total cleanliness. Note: Despite the fact that the LTU provides excellent hygiene, because flies do not enter the pit of the LTU, there are people who for cultural or other reasons wish in the superstructure and even in the pit the presence of products or devices that are considered useful for hunting flies (repellants).

   These products and devices are perfectly compatible with the LTU and can therefore be installed in an LTU (even the device that flushes the flies by the emission of ultrasound!) Other advantages are related to the fact that the aeration of the pit does not require the use of the Selective Lid:
- with the DAAF, the function L - is guaranteed at any time, whereas with the LVCS, using the selective cover, the function L - is conditioned by the good position of the cover (if the user reverses the front position behind the selective cover, the small holes in the Selective Cover are just below the defecation hole;

   in this position the function L - of the selective cover is obsolete;
- With the DAAF, it is possible to manufacture it in reinforced concrete in such a way that the risks of theft or breakage are reduced to almost zero. Because of the Selective Lid, which must be light, because the user (and therefore also the child) must be able to move it with ease, it is almost impossible to protect the LVCS against the risk of theft and breakage: a LVCS can only be installed in protected areas and closely monitored.
- the operation of the LVCS depends entirely on the presence of the Selective Lid. Thus, in the event of disappearance / destruction of the Selective Lid, the LVCS ceases to be a hygienic and comfortable sanitary installation.

   It will be necessary to replace the Selective Lid immediately, which is not easy: the selective lid being a device whose manufacture requires a certain technicality, its immediate replacement is often impossible and one is obliged to proceed to the stop of the use the LVCS, pending the obtaining of a new selective lid;
- this problem does not arise with the Latrine Universelle which applies the PAAF: in case of disappearance / destruction of the lid, its replacement is easy and can even be done using a makeshift lid (for example a piece of wooden board) ;
NOTES:
- The presence of the selective lid does not interfere with the proper functioning of the PAAF.

   The selective lid is therefore not incompatible with the PAAF: if there are people who for cultural or other reasons wish to cover the LTU defecation hole with a selective lid instead of a hermetic lid, this is perfectly compatible.
- To know whether or not a ventilated latrine is a Universal Latrine, it is sufficient to refer to the definition of the Universal Latrine, being defined as a dry latrine with ventilated pit that uses at least one of the following 5 processes: Enhanced Aeration of the Pit (PAAF), Enhanced Vent Ventilation Process (PVAF), Universal Pit Method (PFU), Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP) and Process Indestructible Ventilated Latrine (PLVI). B) The technical aspects and advantages of the PVAF.

   The technical aspects of PVAF. Definitions:
- The generic concept ventilation of the pit is defined as: the processes that allow to evacuate the stale air of the pit, while retaining the flies if it proves necessary; these methods, if necessary, also play the active role of fly-catcher by attracting the flies present in the pit
- The Process of Improved Ventilation of the Pit PVAF, is defined as:

    all the mechanisms other than those applied in the existing ventilated latrines (the LVCS and the others) that make it possible to realize the generic ventilation concept of the pit.
- The Enhanced Pit Venting Device (DVAF) is defined as any device that embodies the PVAF.
DVAFs produce sufficient ventilation of the pit in various ways, including:
- the DVAF consists of two ventilation pipes, to ensure a vacuum cleaner 24/24 hours: the first pipe is an ordinary ventilation pipe whose suction effect is obtained by the chimney effect; if in this ventilation pipe the chimney effect has become insufficient due to lack of air flow over the pipe, the operation of the second ventilation pipe is triggered;

   in this 2 ' <e> pipe the vacuuming effect is obtained by means of a vacuum mechanism installed in the pipe and which operates using electric current (alternating or continuous);
- the DVAF consists of a ventilation pipe with a windmill on its top which turns in the wind and increases the suction force;
; an artificial light source is installed at the top of the vent pipe, so that the vent pipe can maintain its fly trap function;

   sometimes this function will be exerted by a second ventilation pipe.
- the DVAF consists of two ventilation pipes, one used to evacuate stale air from the pit and the other serves as a fly catcher;
- the DVAF consists of a ventilation pipe in which the vacuuming effect is obtained by means of a vacuum mechanism installed in the pipe and which operates using electric current (alternating or continuous);

   thus the vacuuming effect in the pipe is maintained, even if the pipe is long (for example 10 meters or more) and if it is bent in several places (under these conditions an ordinary ventilation pipe, only based on the effect chimney, can not work);
- the DVAF consists of a ventilation pipe that provides 24/24 hour fly-catcher function even if the pipe is not straight or is installed in a location that does not allow the entry of natural light into the roof. ventilation pipe:

   the DVAf is equipped with an artificial light system that draws the flies in the pit towards the top of the vent pipe;
- the DVAF consists of a ventilation pipe with both a vacuum cleaner that operates with electric current and an artificial light source that draws the flies in the pit towards the top of the pipe; to extend more than 10 meters and may have multiple curvatures.

   This DVAF is useful in urban agglomerations
The benefits of PVAF.
The main advantage of the PVAF is that it allows to widen considerably the scope of the Universal Latrine: it allows to install the Universal Latrine in places where the existing ventilated pit latrine can not function, because their Operation is linked to a straight vent pipe.
C) The technical aspects and benefits of the PFU The technical aspects of the PFU.

   Definitions: - The generic concept pit is defined as: the space directly below the slab / floor and intended to directly collect the excreta.
- The Universal Pit Method (PFU) is defined as: the set of mechanisms allowing to surround the pit, as defined by the generic pit concept, of one or more walls in order to obtain complete waterproofness of the pit and penmettant the easy and hygienic removal of excreta and possibly also the wall which is in direct contact with the excreta.

   The PFU Process can be realized in different ways, including:
- as a toilet for troubleshooting in the event of a water break in a house (or even in an apartment in a building): the inside wall of the pit may consist of a flexible but strong PVC bag. It is easily removable because easy access to the bag is provided: a kind of small cellar is provided under the slab, to easily remove the bag hygienically. The bag preferably has a volume of 50 liters to collect excreta from a family of 5 for a week, after which the bag is removed. The bag removed is drained to a suitable place, cleaned and disinfected for reuse.

   Sometimes it is stored for a while, allowing the natural decomposition of its contents and its transformation into compost. Sometimes it is destroyed together with its contents.
- as a permanent alternative to the siphon toilet. This alternative is justified in places where there is a shortage of water and where it is impossible to dig a pit in the ground; The excreta are collected in a container with a solid wall, and a volume adapted to the circumstances. The container is replaced regularly. The removed container is drained to a suitable place, cleaned and disinfected for reuse.

   Sometimes it is stored for a while, allowing the natural decomposition of excreta and their transformation into compost.
The benefits of PFU.
- it makes it possible to widen considerably the scope of the Universal Latrine: it allows to install the Universal Latrine in places where the existing ventilated pit latrine can not work, because their operation is linked to a pit dug in soil and allowing the infiltration of liquids into the soil.
- appears in some places as a valid alternative to the chemical toilet (camping car type): not needing water to drive the excreta to the container that collects excreta (but only a little water for maintains the cleanliness of the seat or the defecation hole) this container fills much less quickly.

   Thus, the container may be of a limited volume and / or the frequency of replacement of the container will be reduced, which facilitates the storage system filled containers for the natural decomposition of excreta and their transformation into compost. D) The technical aspects and benefits of PKSP. The technical aspects of PKSP.

   Definitions:
- The generic concept Ventilated Portable Latrine (LVP) is defined as follows: Portable Vented Latrine is a dry latrine with ventilated pit whose spare parts, solid but light, can be transported with ease and allowing an easy and fast assembly on the place of use .
- The Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP) is defined as: the set of mechanisms that make it possible to realize the generic Ventilated Portable Latrine concept.
- The Portable Sanitary Kit (KSP) is defined as a dry latrine with ventilated pit that applies the Portable Sanitary Kit Process;

   Instead of the term Portable Sanitary Kit you can also use the term Portable Universal Latrine.
The PKSP Method can materialize in different ways.
We have found it useful to describe one of these ways in detail here as an example.
Since LUP is a type of portable Universal Latrine that can be used in several variants - which are the necessary adaptations to local conditions - the components of the LUP can also include several variants.
This is how we describe here a concrete model of the LUP, as an example. allowing a person skilled in the art to reproduce it:

  
The detailed description of the Portable Universal Latrine Model 10-A1
The Portable Universal Latrine Model 10-a1 (the LUP10-A1) is defined as a concrete model of
Portable Vented Latrine that applies the PAAF Method and is intended for use by a group of 10 people.
The 5 components of the LUP10-A1 are described in the following order: (1) the floor (2) the vent pipe (3) the DAAF (4) the fence (5) the pit.
All 4 elements can be contained in a box of 115x50x50 cm and whose total weight is less than 25 kg.

   The detailed description below allows a person skilled in the art to reproduce LUP 10-A1:
(1) Detailed description of Floor 10-A1, defined as the type of floor used in LUP10-A1.
The characteristics of the 10-A1 floor are:
-Composition and shape of the floor: the floor is PVC (or any other lightweight synthetic material, self-supporting and capable of withstanding the operating overload), rectangular 110cmx110cm, and a thickness of 1 cm. The floor is composed of 3 elements, fixed together by nuts and bolts.

   The central element has as dimensions: 37cm x 110 cm; the other two elements 36.5 cm x 110 cm
- The central element is provided with the round defecation hole, 13 cm in diameter and an oval bowl whose depth, at the lowest point, is 2.5 cm - The hole for the ventilation pipe is provided in the right element of the floor; the hole for the DAAF is provided in the left element of the floor.
- The lid 10-A1 has the following features: it consists of a flat plate, 10 mm thick, PVC, the upper face is provided with a handle to allow movement of the lid; the plate completely covers the defecation hole and the bowl (exceeding it by 2.5 cm);

   it is a hermetic lid that does not allow flies or light to pass into the pit (the lower surface of the lid is painted black to absorb the rays of light)
- Laying of the floor: when laying the floor, it is important to check that the three holes are entirely inside the pit: found for the DAAF and that for the ventilation pipe must be at least 5 cm to inside the wall of the pit; the defecation hole at least 10 cm inside the pit wall.
(2) The detailed description of Ventilation Pipe 10A-1 summarizes the features of this model:

   it is a PVC pipe, consisting of 3 pieces of 105 cm which fit together over a distance of 5 cm, to make a total length, after interlocking of 305 cm (to avoid the spread of odor at the nose of the user and also to locate more easily when there are crowds or small refugee huts) / -circular section with an inner diameter of 80 mm / - the top is equipped with a flexible insect-proof mesh Nylon with mesh sizes 3.5 to 4.5 mm <2> / - the pipe is fixed, by a tight fitting, in the hole of the floor provided for this purpose.
(3) The description of DAAF 10A-1.

   It is a mushroom-type DAAF; it consists of the following elements: a PVC pipe with an internal diameter of 8 cm and a length of 15 cm, on this pipe is fixed a capsule whose inner face is painted black to absorb the rays of light; this capsule is fixed on the pipe so as to leave a passage of 2 cm between the upper edge of the pipe is the capsule, so as to leave a sufficient passage to the fresh air that enters the pit and thus ensures the proper functioning of the ventilation pipe. As is the case with the vent pipe, the top of the DAAF hose is equipped with a flexible nylon mosquito net with mesh sizes 3.5 to 4.5 mm <2> to prevent flies and other insects, such as cockroaches.

   (4) Detailed description of superstructure 10A-1.
The superstructure is formed by a simple fence, 190 cm high, so without wrong. An armature serves as a support for the nylon fabric that surrounds the entire sanitary installation: the frame consists of 4 aluminum tubes of circular section of 8 mm, placed in vertical position (each tube is composed of 2 tubes of 100 cm which assemble by plastic seals on 5cm to form a total length, after interlocking of 200 cm), one pushes them 10 cm in studs (parallelepiped rectangle perforated to the diameter of the tubes of aluminum or in synthetic materials, of 30x10x10 cm) embedded in the ground; these 4 tubes are connected by 4 horizontal tubes, to make the structure more stable.

   The stability of this superstructure can be enhanced by a system of ropes and stakes, as is done to protect a tent against the wind. The nylon fabric is fixed around the frame, so as to ensure the discretion of the user of the sanitary installation. In one of the 4 sides of the nylon fence, a passage is provided to allow access; this passage, of 80cm of height and 40 cm, is provided with a double door, also in nylon, one which closes of the outside (to avoid the entry of the domestic animals) and one which closes of the interior , to ensure complete privacy to the user. The closures are made by zippers or other closure mechanism.

   NOTA BENE: the clothes racks
One or more tubes of the frame are provided with a hook that serves as a coat rack, to allow the user to get comfortable, giving him the opportunity to get rid of certain clothes and put them in a clean and safe place, without being forced to drop them over the fence or on the ground. (5) The detailed description of pit 10a-1:
- shape and dimensions: the pit is circular, diameter 80 cm, depth 150 cm.

   This corresponds to a usable volume of 0.5m3, sufficient for use by 10 people for 1 year (taking into account a sludge accumulation rate of 50 liters per year and per person and the wax that is not necessary continue to use the pit if the material level has reached 50 cm from the floor);

   the pit is dug with simple means (peel, etc.) or with more sophisticated means (eg auger)
- the coating of the pit.
In many places the soil is stable enough and a coating of the pit wall is not necessary, especially since the floor does not have the weight of a concrete slab! So we can start using the LUP immediately after digging the pit.
However, it is preferable, weather permitting, and it is not sure of the stability of the soil to apply a layer of cement mortar 2-3 cm thick (the lining), to a depth of 30 to 40 cm (an experienced bricklayer does this job within an hour of time). This gives further decreases the risk of landslide.

   If the place where we sleep digging the ground is not stable at all (it is fine sand) and the risk of landslide is great, we dig the hole in 3 steps: we dig a hole of 50 cm of depth and immediately applies the packing, the next day, we dig another 50 cm and apply the packing, the third day we dig the remaining 50 cm, but we apply the filling only 25 cm: the lower part of the wall is not cemented, to facilitate the infiltration of liquids. Thus, it will take three days before the start of the LUP.
If the lining is planned, and if a pit of useful diameter of 80 cm is planned, the hole to be dug should have a radius of 43 cm, since it is taken into account that the lining has a thickness of 3 cm.

   In the case of urgent use, a polymer foam can be applied, this instant packing, solid and biodegradable) - backfill
The embankment prevents surface water from entering the pit during heavy rains; It is therefore recommended to prepare a 10-15 cm embankment before digging the pit, the embankment must be tamped securely. The advantages of PKSP.
The main advantage of the PKSP is that it makes it possible to considerably broaden the scope of the Universal Latrine and thus contribute to the well-being of people affected and the prevention of outbreaks of epidemics (cholera, etc.) . E) The technical aspects and benefits of PLVI. The technical aspects of PLVI.

   Definitions:
- The generic concept of Indestructible Sanitary Installation (ISI) is defined as follows: The Indestructible Sanitary Installation is a sanitary facility for public use whose manufacture is designed to protect it against most acts of theft and vandalism.
- The Indestructible Ventilated Latrine Process (PLVI) is defined as: the set of mechanisms that make it possible to produce ventilated latrine types whose manufacture is designed to protect them against most acts of theft and vandalism.

   The PLVI process can materialize in different ways, including:
- An Indestructible Vented Latrine (LVI) is defined as a dry latrine with ventilated pit that applies the Indestructible Ventilated Latrine Process;
The PLVI process can materialize in different ways. Preferably, these different ways take into account two elements: the aesthetic aspect and the indestructibility aspect: one must avoid that the robustness that one wants to give to the superstructure of the LVI requires the construction of an awful bunker that one built in the middle of a picturesque place.

   Thus we avoid that hygiene is obtained at the expense of the beauty of nature.
Two types of LVI are described below, for example:
1 / The mushroom LVI: by giving the superstructure the shape of a large mushroom and embellishing it with a paint adapted to the place, one combines robustness and beauty.

   The indestructibility aspect is obtained by adopting procedures that protect the fragile elements of a ventilated latrine, namely: 1) the enclosure of the superstructure 2) the roof of the superstructure 3) the ventilation pipe 4) the DAAF 5) the cover that covers the defecation hole 6) the access door.
In this model of mushroom type LVI, these 6 fragile elements are made almost indestructible in the following way: 1) the superstructure is a totally empty room, where there is nothing (no seat, no ventilation pipe, no cover , so nothing to steal or break.

   The wall of the superstructure is made of reinforced concrete, circular in shape, it forms the feet of the mushroom; a few circular ventilation holes of 20-30 cm in diameter allow the entry of air into the superstructure and a limited amount of light, so as to maintain the superstructure in relative darkness. These holes are in the upper part of the fence wall. 2) The roof is also reinforced concrete. It forms the head of the mushroom.
3) The vent pipe is invisible because it is inside the fence wall.

   The anti-insect grill at the top of the vent pipe is also hidden inside the wall;
4) the lid of the defecation hole is also invisible ... because it is missing: inside the superstructure of the LVI it is dark enough to avoid attracting flies to the pit, even if the defecation hole remains open, allowing aeration of the pit through the defecation hole.
5) The DAAF is either absent or hidden inside the wall of the superstructure
6) the access door to the LVI.
The access door is a favorite prey of vandalism.

   We have provided 3 alternative solutions to make the door almost indestructible: - either an unbreakable door, without lock or clinch, used only to ensure privacy when using the LVI, and which automatically closes by its weight and by the position of the hinges.
- or an armored door, which opens by means of a magnetic card. In order to provide the electricity needed for this device, a small solar panel is hidden in the wrong of the mushroom. This small solar panel can also provide the energy needed to operate an excessive noise detector caused by breakers.

   This detector triggers an alarm system at the level of the central public domain monitoring service in which the LVI is located;
- either the door is absent: by making the wall of the spiral superstructure, it avoids the need to provide a door, while maintaining a sufficient darkness in the superstructure;
Remark: according to whether one uses a wide pit or a deep and deep pit, we can distinguish two subtypes:
1a) the widened mushroom type Indestructible Vented Latrine (LVI) (see Plate VI) Since the superstructure is of considerable weight and is located above the slab, this slab must be solid and must be supported by solid beams. The walls of the pit must also be reinforced to prevent landslides.

   The emptying is done by suction by means of a pipe introduced into the pit through the defecation hole.
If this method of emptying is not available, a drain cover must be provided in the part of the slab outside the superstructure.
1b) the Indestructible Vented Latrine (LVI) of the mushroom type, with a narrow and deep pit (see Plate VII):
Here the ventilation pipe sleeps have some peculiarities: the pipe has two elbows and at each elbow is a reflector of light, allowing the light that enters through the top of the pipe to reach the pit;
A DAAF may be provided, also located inside the concrete wall; it extends into the pit by a pipe;

   the presence of this DAAF can eventually cover the defecation hole with a hermetic lid;
The emptying of the pit can be done by the suction system contents by a pipe (introduced into the pit by the defecation hole) connected to a tanker truck specially equipped to empty.
If you do the drain after a period of non-use of two years of the LVI. This implies the presence of two LVIs at the same location, with alternate use of the two latrines for two years (the first LVI is used during the first 2 years, the second LVI is used for the next two years, and during this period the first LVI is not used, allowing the transformation of excreta and all organic matter present in the compost pit.

   So after these two years of
rest, the pit of the first LVI can be emptied, without any health risk. Advantages of this second all-type:
- less expensive construction (slab of smaller dimensions, no joists, reinforcement of the walls of the pit less important)
- the ventilation holes of the superstructure can be wider (and therefore more pleasant to enter): in this model the darkness may be less pronounced by the wax than the pit is deep: the flies can enter the upper part from the pit but will not go down, where are the excreta 2 / The LVI in the open
To have a visual representation of this type of LVI, just look at the LVI shown on Plate VII, remove the roof and add a cover that covers the hole defecation.

   The superstructure being a simple wall (but made of solid reinforced concrete) in circular shape and embellished with a paint adapted to the place, one combines here also robustness and beauty.
Here also the indestructibility aspect is obtained by adopting procedures that protect the fragile elements of a ventilated latrine, namely: 1) the enclosure of the superstructure 2) the roof of the superstructure 3) the ventilation pipe 4) the DAAF 5) the cover that covers the defecation hole 6) the access door.

   In this model of LVI, these 6 fragile elements are made almost indestructible in the following way:
1) the wall of the superstructure is made of reinforced concrete, circular in shape of 1.8m in diameter and 1.8m in height;
2) the roof is indestructible ... because absent!
3) The ventilation pipe is invisible, as it is, as is the case with the mushroom-type LVI, inside the fence wall. The insect screen at the top of the ventilation pipe is also hidden inside the
4) The DAAF is invisible because it is also inside the wall of the superstructure (on the opposite side of where the vent pipe is).

   It is a box in the wall, rectangular in shape, in contact with the outside by a hundred small channels (of a diameter such that it avoids the passage of flies) positioned obliquely (the outside of the channel being lower than the interior, thus avoiding the entry of light in the DAAF, especially that the wall of the box in the wall is painted black.The box is connected with the pit by a pipe
5) the hermetic lid of the defecation hole and made of a very strong material. He opens and closes the defecation hole by turning around a solid hinge.

   In order to avoid any possibility of forgetfulness or negligence (which results in the user having not closed the lid before leaving the LVI), it is possible to provide in the superstructure and even in the pit the presence of products or devices that hunt flies (repellants). If it is a device that flushes the flies by the ultrasound emission it can get its energy if a small solar panel is hidden in the wall of the superstructure. 6) access to the LVI.
In this model of LVI, we have also planned a solution to make the door indestructible: it is absent ... (by making the wall of the spiral superstructure, we avoid the need to provide a door, while giving some privacy to the user) The benefits of PLVI.

   The main advantage of the PLVI is that it allows to widen considerably the field of application of the Universal Latrine: it allows to install the Universal Latrine in unsupervised places, where the existing ventilated pit latrines (the LVCS nor others) can not be installed, some elements of their structure in no way resistant to thieving thieves. Note: While the two models of LVI described above demonstrate that the indestructible ventilated latrine process is feasible in practice, another aspect can not be overlooked: maintaining the cleanliness of the LVI.

   Experience shows that nowhere in the world a public health facility can be left to itself, if not, the maintenance of cleanliness is no longer ensured: close monitoring is necessary during the day, so during the hours when the LVI can be attended. This monitoring is not intended to protect the LVI (because almost indestructible) but for the maintenance of cleanliness.
The advantage of the LVI is that the LVI does not require close monitoring during the night (during which the public domain in which the LVI is installed is closed, but accessible to vandalism) while reducing the risk of breakage. to almost zero.


    

Claims (8)

1. The different existing types of ventilated pit latrine (the Selective Lid Latrine and the others) have been designed with the objective of providing poor people in developing countries with a latrine that provides better comfort and better hygiene. better hygiene than the traditional latrine. On the other hand, the Universal Latrine aims to allow the use in Europe and other developed countries of a sanitary installation that combines the double performance of hygiene and comfort that characterizes the modern siphon toilet with a third performance. including the fact of being ecological, its operation does not require water. Characterized by the fact that the Universal Latrine has the most similarities with a type of dry latrine with a ventilated pit called the Latrine Ventilée à Selective Lid (LVCS), the Universal Latrine differs from the LVCS in that the Universal Latrine fills 5 gaps found in the structure and operation of the LVCS, allowing the application of 5 new processes, namely the Improved Pit Aeration Process (PAAF), the Improved Pit Ventilation Process (the PVAF ), the Universal Pit Method (PFU), the Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP) and the Indestructible Ventilated Latrine Process (PLVI). 2. It is through the application of the new methods mentioned in claim N [deg.] 1 that the Universal Latrine stands out as a new generation of dry ventilated pit latrine. Characterized in that the new processes developed in the context of the invention of the Universal Latrine need not necessarily be applied in each type of Universal Latrine, the Universal Latrine is defined as a dry latrine with a ventilated pit which uses at least One of the following 5 Processes: Improved Pit Aeration Process (PAAF), Improved Pit Venting Process (PVAF), Universal Pit Method (PFU), Portable Sanitary Kit Process (the PKSP) and the Indestructible Ventilated Latrine Process (PLVI). 3. It is through the application of the new methods, mentioned in claim N [deg.] 1 and 2, that the Universal Latrine stands out as a new generation of dry ventilated pit latrine. Characterized in that the Improved Pit Aeration Process (PAAF), mentioned in claim N [deg.] 1 and 2 is defined as the set of mechanisms other than those applied in existing ventilated latrines (LVCS and others) that allow to realize the generic concept selective closure of the pit, the generic concept selective closure of the pit being defined as the processes that allow the entry into the pit of the fresh air necessary for the good ventilation of the pit. pit, while avoiding entry into the pit of flies and light, and that the Enhanced Vent Aeration Device (DAAF) is defined as any device that embodies the PAAF. 4. It is by the application of the new methods mentioned in claim 1 [deg.] 1 and 2 that the Universal Latrine stands out as a new generation of dry ventilated pit latrine. Characterized in that the Improved Vent Venting Method (PVAF) mentioned in claim N [deg.] 1 and 2 is defined as the set of mechanisms other than those applied in existing ventilated latrines (LVCS and other) that allow to realize the generic concept ventilation of the pit, the generic concept ventilation of the pit being defined as: the processes which make it possible to evacuate the stale air of the pit, while retaining the flies if it turns out necessary ; these processes, if necessary, also play the active role of fly-catcher by attracting the flies present in the pit, and that the Improved Ventilation Venting Device (DVAF) is defined as any device that materializes the PVAF. 5.  It is through the application of the new methods mentioned in claim N [deg.] 1 and 2 that the Universal Latrine stands out as a new generation of dry ventilated pit latrine. Characterized in that the Universal Pit Method (PFU) mentioned in claim N [deg.] 1 and 2 is defined as the set of mechanisms for surrounding the pit, as defined by the generic pit concept, of one or more walls in order to obtain complete sealing of the pit and allowing the easy and hygienic removal of the excreta and possibly also the wall which is in direct contact with the excreta, the generic concept pit being defined as the space directly below the slab / floor and intended to directly collect the excreta. 6. It is through the application of the new methods, mentioned in claim N [deg.] 1 and 2, that the Universal Latrine stands out as a new generation of ventilated pit latrine. Characterized in that the Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP) mentioned in claims 1 and 2 is defined as the set of mechanisms that make it possible to realize the generic concept Portable Vented Latrine (LVP), the generic concept Ventilated Portable Latrine ( LVP) being defined as the Portable Vented Latrine is a dry latrine with ventilated pit, the spare parts of which are manufactured in series in solid but light material that can be transported with ease and in large numbers by air to a place of disaster (or elsewhere) and enabling quick and easy installation at the point of use, and that the Portable Sanitary Krt (KSP), also called the Portable Universal Latrine (LUP) is defined as a dry latrine with ventilated pit that applies the Portable Sanitary Kit Process. . 7. It is through the application of the new methods, mentioned in claim N [deg.] 1 and 2, that the Universal Latrine stands out as a new generation of dry ventilated pit latrine. Characterized in that the Indestructible Vented Latrine Process (PLVI) mentioned in claims 1 and 2 is defined as the set of mechanisms which make it possible to realize ventilated latrine types whose manufacture is designed to protect them against most acts of theft and vandalism, and that the Indestructible Vented Latrine (LVI) is defined as a dry latrine with a ventilated pit that applies the Indestructible Vented Latrine Process. 8. Claim N [deg.] 1 addresses a new physical identity, including a new generation of dry latrine with ventilated pit. Characterized in that this new generation of ventilated pit latrine as well as the 5 new processes and mechanisms that characterize it should be designated by specific names. The following appellations and abbreviations are proposed: the Universal Latrine (LTU); the Portable Universal Latrine (LUP); Portable Sanitary Kit (KSP); the Improved Pit Aeration Process (PAAF), the Improved Pit Venting Process (PVAF), the Universal Pit Method (PFU), the Portable Sanitary Kit Process (PKSP); the Indestructible Ventilated Latrine Process (PLVI); the Enhanced Pit Venting Device (DAAF) and the Improved Pit Venting Device (DVAF).