BE1014971A3 - Evaluation of the rugosity of a defiling surface, notably steel strip, by acquiring an image under laser illumination and analyzing this image - Google Patents

Evaluation of the rugosity of a defiling surface, notably steel strip, by acquiring an image under laser illumination and analyzing this image Download PDF

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Publication number
BE1014971A3
BE1014971A3 BE2002/0192A BE200200192A BE1014971A3 BE 1014971 A3 BE1014971 A3 BE 1014971A3 BE 2002/0192 A BE2002/0192 A BE 2002/0192A BE 200200192 A BE200200192 A BE 200200192A BE 1014971 A3 BE1014971 A3 BE 1014971A3
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image
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rugosity
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BE2002/0192A
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French (fr)
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Moreas Genevieve
Schyns Marc
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Centre Rech Metallurgique
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/30Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
    • G01B11/303Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces using photoelectric detection means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B38/00Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004Industrial image inspection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/40Analysis of texture
    • G06T7/41Analysis of texture based on statistical description of texture
    • G06T7/44Analysis of texture based on statistical description of texture using image operators, e.g. filters, edge density metrics or local histograms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30108Industrial image inspection
    • G06T2207/30136Metal

Abstract

The in-line evaluation of the arithmetic rugosity (Ra) of a surface (S) in defilement, preferably a metal coated steel strip, consists of: (a) acquiring an image of a part of the surface of given dimensions and numerically treating this image to make some objects appear, representing groups of pixels interconnected by a side or diagonal; (b) eliminating those objects having a surface less than a predetermined minimal value; (c) calculating the product (P) of the number of objects remaining by their average surface, the product being essentially proportional to the arithmetic rugosity of the surface. An independent claim is also included for a device for the in-line evaluation of the rugosity of a defiling surface.

Description

       

   <Desc/Clms Page number 1> 
 



   2. la   largeur- -d'ellipse   de -l'objet . le nombre de pixels selon le grand axe de son ellipse d'inertie ; 
3. la hauteur d'ellipse de   l'objet :   le nombre de pixels selon le petit axe de son ellipse d'inertie ; 
4. l'angle d'ellipse de   l'objet :   la direction son axe principal d'inertie ; les objets trouvés sont triés de manière à éliminer ceux qui ont une surface inférieure à une valeur minimale, c'est-à-dire comportant de 25 à 100 pixels (bruit) ; la valeur résultante de surface moyenne des objets sélectionnés multipliée par le nombre desdits objets conduisent à l'obtention d'un paramètre lié à la rugosité. En utilisant ces valeurs "produits objets x surface" plutôt que le nombre d'objets seul, on obtient une relation linéaire entre cette grandeur et la rugosité (Figure 5).

   Cette droite correspond à une courbe d'étalonnage qui doit être établie pour chaque ligne de laminage particulière. 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 2> 

 



  REVENDICATIONS 
1. Procédé pour l'évaluation en ligne de la rugosité arithmétique (Ra) d'une surface (S) en défilement, de préférence une bande d'acier revêtu par un métal, mettant un oeuvre essentiellement : - une source (4) de lumière laser illuminant ladite surface sous incidence oblique, comprise entre 5 et 40 , et de préférence à 20  ¯ 2 , - un dispositif de mesure optique, de préférence un microscope industriel (1), - un capteur de distance (5), - des moyens comprenant un moteur pour déplacer ledit dispositif de mesure selon son axe optique (Z) en vue d'assurer sa focalisation sur ladite surface (S) et des moyens (D) pour positionner l'axe optique (Z) perpendiculairement au plan contenant ladite surface (S) ;

   - un appareil de prise de vue avec sortie analogique ou digitale (3), de préférence une caméra matricielle CCD ou C-MOS avec une résolution spatiale d'au moins 1  m ; - des moyens matériels et logiciels, couplés audit appareil de prise de vue pour l'acquisition, le traitement, l'analyse et l'archivage d'images, ainsi que pour l'établissement d'un diagnostic quant aux caractéristiques de rugosité de ladite surface, caractérisé en ce que, - on procède à l'acquisition d'une image d'une partie de la surface (S) de dimensions données et on traite numériquement cette image pour faire apparaître des objets, c'est-à-dire des groupes de pixels interconnectés par un côté ou par la diagonale ; - on élimine les objets ayant une surface inférieure à une valeur minimale prédéterminée ;

   

 <Desc/Clms Page number 3> 

 - on calcule le produit (P) du nombre d'objets restants par la surface moyenne desdits objets restants, le produit (P) étant essentiellement proportionnel à la rugosité arithmétique (Ra) de la surface (S), le coefficient de proportionnalité (k) dépendant de l'installation industrielle particulière utilisée. 



   2. Procédé d'évaluation de rugosité selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le traitement numérique de l'image comprend en outre le détail des étapes suivantes : - on procède à une égalisation par histogramme pour rendre l'image indépendante du niveau d'illumination de la surface (S) ; - on binarise l'image avec une méthode de seuil, de préférence la méthode de "seuil à résidus minima" ; - on dilate l'image obtenue, ,c'est-à-dire qu'on maximise les valeurs de gris dans un voisinage déterminé, au moyen d'un "kernel" quasi-circulaire de demi-largeur de 
1 à 6 pixels et ensuite on érode l'image, c'est-à-dire qu'on minimise les valeurs de gris dans un voisinage déterminé, au moyen d'un "kernel" de demi-largeur de 2 à 
7 pixels, la demi-largeur du "kernel" d'érosion étant supérieure d'au moins un pixel à la demi-largeur du kernel de dilatation ;

   - les pixels voisins, c'est-à-dire se touchant par un côté ou par la diagonale, étant considérés comme interconnectés, les pixels noirs voisins sont regroupés sous forme desdits objets pour assurer la segmentation de l'image ; - on calcule la valeur de certaines caractéristiques des objets, de préférence des paramètres géométriques ; 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 4> 

 - on trie les objets trouvés de .manière à éliminer- ceux qui ont une surface inférieure à une valeur comprise entre 25 à 100 pixels. 



   3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les caractéristiques calculées des objets sont sélectionnées parmi le groupe comprenant la surface de l'objet, la largeur, la hauteur et l'angle d'ellipse d'inertie de l'objet. 



   4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour une ligne industrielle déterminée, on établit une courbe d'étalonnage reliant des valeurs de rugosité arithmétique (Ra) à des valeurs du produit précité (P). 



   5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite courbe d'étalonnage est une droite de régression linéaire par moindres carrés. 



   6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la surface (S) appartient à une bande d'acier galvanisée ou galvannealed en défilement sur une ligne de laminage à chaud à une vitesse comprise entre 1 et 10 m/s. 



   7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, dans le cas de la mise en oeuvre d'une bande d'acier en défilement, on positionne la bande (S) en l'appliquant sur la surface d'un cylindre (6) par traction. 



   8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'on positionne le microscope (1) de manière telle que l'axe optique (Z) du système croise orthogonalement l'axe (7) du cylindre (6) et est compris dans un segment d'arc situé entre la première et la dernière ligne de contact entre la bande supportant la surface (S) et le cylindre (6). 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 5> 

 



   9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, préalablement à l'opération de prise d'image, on procède à une focalisation du microscope (1) telle   que :   - on positionne le microscope (1) dans un intervalle de distances donné selon l'axe optique (Z) de sorte que sa distance de focalisation sur la surface (S) soit comprise dans ledit intervalle ; - on ajuste de manière itérative la position du microscope (1), mesurée par rapport à la surface (S) à l'aide du capteur de distance (5) de manière à passer périodiquement par rapport à la distance de focalisation. 



   10. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'évaluation en ligne de la rugosité (Ra) d'une surface (S) défilante, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un premier ensemble (A) composé de : - une source (4) de lumière laser, de préférence un laser pulsé dans le visible d'énergie réglable   jusqu' à   10 mJ, illuminant ladite surface sous incidence oblique, comprise entre 5 et 40 , et de préférence à 20  ¯ 2 , le temps d'illumination étant de préférence réglable de 0 à 
10 ns, ladite source (4) étant couplée à une fibre optique avec au moins un diffuseur, permettant l'éclairage de l'entrée du microscope (1) ;

   - un microscope industriel (1), équipé d'un objectif de grossissement compris entre 5x et 30x, à distance de focalisation supérieure à 10 mm et à profondeur de champ minimale supérieure à la moitié de la rugosité estimée pic à pic, de préférence à 15  m et comprenant une lentille d'adaptation caméra de grossissement compris entre 2,5x et 5x ;



   <Desc / Clms Page number 1>
 



   2. the width-of ellipse of the object. the number of pixels along the major axis of its ellipse of inertia;
3. the ellipse height of the object: the number of pixels along the minor axis of its ellipse of inertia;
4. the ellipse angle of the object: the direction of its main axis of inertia; the objects found are sorted so as to eliminate those which have an area less than a minimum value, that is to say having from 25 to 100 pixels (noise); the resulting average surface value of the selected objects multiplied by the number of said objects leads to the obtaining of a parameter related to the roughness. By using these values "product objects x surface" rather than the number of objects alone, we obtain a linear relationship between this quantity and the roughness (Figure 5).

   This line corresponds to a calibration curve which must be established for each particular rolling line.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

 



  CLAIMS
1. Method for the online evaluation of the arithmetic roughness (Ra) of a moving surface (S), preferably a steel strip coated with a metal, essentially carrying out: - a source (4) of laser light illuminating said surface at oblique incidence, between 5 and 40, and preferably at 20 ¯ 2, - an optical measurement device, preferably an industrial microscope (1), - a distance sensor (5), - means comprising a motor for moving said measuring device along its optical axis (Z) in order to ensure its focusing on said surface (S) and means (D) for positioning the optical axis (Z) perpendicular to the plane containing said surface (S);

   - a camera with analog or digital output (3), preferably a CCD or C-MOS matrix camera with a spatial resolution of at least 1 m; - hardware and software means, coupled to said camera for the acquisition, processing, analysis and archiving of images, as well as for establishing a diagnosis as to the roughness characteristics of said image surface, characterized in that, - an image of part of the surface (S) of given dimensions is acquired and this image is digitally processed to reveal objects, that is to say groups of pixels interconnected by one side or by the diagonal; - eliminating objects having an area less than a predetermined minimum value;

   

 <Desc / Clms Page number 3>

 - the product (P) of the number of remaining objects is calculated by the average surface of said remaining objects, the product (P) being essentially proportional to the arithmetic roughness (Ra) of the surface (S), the proportionality coefficient (k ) depending on the particular industrial installation used.



   2. roughness evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the digital processing of the image further comprises the detail of the following steps: - a histogram equalization is carried out to make the image independent of the level d 'illumination of the surface (S); - the image is binarized with a threshold method, preferably the "minimum residue threshold" method; - the image obtained is expanded, that is to say that the gray values are maximized in a determined neighborhood, by means of a quasi-circular "kernel" of half-width of
1 to 6 pixels and then the image is eroded, that is to say that the gray values are minimized in a determined neighborhood, by means of a half-width "kernel" from 2 to
7 pixels, the half-width of the erosion kernel being at least one pixel greater than the half-width of the expansion kernel;

   - the neighboring pixels, that is to say touching on one side or by the diagonal, being considered as interconnected, the neighboring black pixels are grouped in the form of said objects to ensure the segmentation of the image; - the value of certain characteristics of the objects, preferably geometric parameters, is calculated;

 <Desc / Clms Page number 4>

 - the objects found are sorted in a manner to be eliminated - those which have an area less than a value between 25 and 100 pixels.



   3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the calculated characteristics of the objects are selected from the group comprising the surface of the object, the width, the height and the ellipse angle of inertia of the object.



   4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for a given industrial line, a calibration curve is established connecting values of arithmetic roughness (Ra) to values of the aforementioned product (P).



   5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that said calibration curve is a line of linear regression by least squares.



   6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface (S) belongs to a strip of galvanized or galvannealed steel running on a hot rolling line at a speed between 1 and 10 m / s.



   7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the case of the implementation of a moving steel strip, the strip (S) is positioned by applying it to the surface d 'a cylinder (6) by traction.



   8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the microscope (1) is positioned so that the optical axis (Z) of the system orthogonally crosses the axis (7) of the cylinder (6) and is included in an arc segment located between the first and the last contact line between the strip supporting the surface (S) and the cylinder (6).

 <Desc / Clms Page number 5>

 



   9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, prior to the image taking operation, the microscope (1) is focused so that: - the microscope (1) is positioned in a given interval of distances along the optical axis (Z) so that its focusing distance on the surface (S) is included in said interval; - the position of the microscope (1), measured with respect to the surface (S), is adjusted iteratively using the distance sensor (5) so as to pass periodically with respect to the focusing distance.



   10. Device for implementing the method for online evaluation of the roughness (Ra) of a moving surface (S), according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a first assembly (A) composed of: - a source (4) of laser light, preferably a pulsed laser in the visible range of energy adjustable up to 10 mJ, illuminating said surface under oblique incidence, between 5 and 40, and preferably 20 ¯ 2, the illumination time being preferably adjustable from 0 to
10 ns, said source (4) being coupled to an optical fiber with at least one diffuser, allowing illumination of the entrance to the microscope (1);

   - an industrial microscope (1), equipped with a magnification objective of between 5x and 30x, with a focusing distance greater than 10 mm and a minimum depth of field greater than half the estimated roughness peak to peak, preferably at 15 m and including a camera adaptation lens with magnification between 2.5x and 5x;


    

Claims (1)

- un capteur de distance (5) de type triangulation laser, placé à une distance d'au moins 10 mm de la surface observée (S), ledit capteur étant monté obliquement de sorte que la zone visée par ledit capteur corresponde à la zone observée par le microscope (1) ; - des moyens comprenant un moteur pour déplacer ledit dispositif de mesure selon son axe optique (Z) en vue d'assurer sa focalisation sur ladite surface (S) ; - une caméra matricielle à fonctionnement asynchrone, de préférence CCD ou C-MOS, fournissant un champ de vision d'au moins 500 m de large et une résolution spatiale d'au moins 0,001 fois le champ de vision ; - a distance sensor (5) of the laser triangulation type, placed at a distance of at least 10 mm from the observed surface (S), said sensor being mounted obliquely so that the zone targeted by said sensor corresponds to the zone observed by the microscope (1); - means comprising a motor for moving said measurement device along its optical axis (Z) in order to ensure its focusing on said surface (S); - a matrix camera with asynchronous operation, preferably CCD or C-MOS, providing a field of vision of at least 500 m wide and a spatial resolution of at least 0.001 times the field of vision; - des moyens matériels et logiciels, couplés à ladite caméra matricielle pour l'acquisition, le traitement, l'analyse et l'archivage d'images, ainsi que pour l'établissement d'un diagnostic quant aux caractéristiques de rugosité de ladite surface.  - hardware and software means, coupled to said matrix camera for the acquisition, processing, analysis and archiving of images, as well as for establishing a diagnosis as to the roughness characteristics of said surface. 11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un deuxième ensemble (D) constitué de deux éléments (B,C), tels que des tables de rotation motorisées, permettant de positionner l'axe optique (Z) de manière perpendiculaire au plan contenant la surface observée (S) .  11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises a second assembly (D) consisting of two elements (B, C), such as motorized rotation tables, making it possible to position the optical axis (Z) of perpendicular to the plane containing the observed surface (S). 12. Dispositif selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble D est pourvu d'un système antivibratoire permettant d'isoler ledit ensemble de la charpente métallique telle qu'existante en ligne industrielle et soumise à des vibrations éventuelles.  12. Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the assembly D is provided with an anti-vibration system making it possible to isolate said assembly from the metal frame as existing in industrial line and subjected to possible vibrations. 13. Dispositif selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens matériels et logiciels comprennent un ordinateur commandant les ensembles précités (A,D). <Desc/Clms Page number 7> EMI7.1 <Desc/Clms Page number 8> EMI8.1 <Desc/Clms Page number 9> EMI9.1 <Desc/Clms Page number 10> EMI10.1  13. Device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that said hardware and software means comprise a computer controlling the above-mentioned assemblies (A, D).  <Desc / Clms Page number 7>    EMI7.1    <Desc / Clms Page number 8>    EMI8.1    <Desc / Clms Page number 9>    EMI9.1    <Desc / Clms Page number 10>    EMI10.1
BE2002/0192A 2002-03-18 2002-03-18 Evaluation of the rugosity of a defiling surface, notably steel strip, by acquiring an image under laser illumination and analyzing this image BE1014971A3 (en)

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Cited By (2)

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EP2517799A1 (en) 2011-04-26 2012-10-31 Centre de Recherches Métallurgiques asbl - Centrum voor Research in de Metallurgie vzw Apparatus and method for industrial online micro-topography and waviness measurements on moving products
CN107063132A (en) * 2016-11-15 2017-08-18 首都航天机械公司 A kind of space flight valve products morpheme size measuring method

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2517799A1 (en) 2011-04-26 2012-10-31 Centre de Recherches Métallurgiques asbl - Centrum voor Research in de Metallurgie vzw Apparatus and method for industrial online micro-topography and waviness measurements on moving products
CN107063132A (en) * 2016-11-15 2017-08-18 首都航天机械公司 A kind of space flight valve products morpheme size measuring method

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