AU9141901A - Dispensing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

1 1" WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 1 1 DISPENSING APPARATUS 2 3 This invention relates to dispensing apparatus.

4 Particularly, but not exclusively it relates to dispensing apparatus for dispensing viscous materials 6 from a container under pressure of a propellant.

7 8 Known dispensing apparatus commonly includes a valve 9 mechanism fitted to a container which is refilled with 0% 0 a product, for example mastic or sealant, which is to 11 be dispensed. Examples are disclosed in Patent 12 document EP-B-0243393 (Rocep Lusol Holdings Limited).

13 However, known arrangements have several disadvantages.

ee00e **14 For example, the cost of components used in the 16 manufacture of such known apparatus is high. This is eeeee 17 particularly true in relation to the cans used as ooooo: 18 containers in such apparatus. Further, automatic S19 assembly of such apparatus is complicated and costly.

21 Yet another disadvantage is that the product must be 22 filled into the dispensing apparatus during manufacture 23 of the apparatus. This involves the product 24 manufacturer supplying the product in bulk to the apparatus manufacturer who then returns the filled -2apparatus to the product manufacturer for sale. This is costly and inconvenient. As a result of the foregoing, the overall costs associated with presently available dispensing apparatus are high.

Known dispensing apparatus, such as that disclosed in EP-B- 0089971 (Rocep Lusol Holdings Limited), include piston arrangements which are designed to prevent propellant gas in the apparatus from coming into contact with the product to be dispensed. Commonly, these piston arrangements consist of a pair of pistons with sealant therebetween.

However, known arrangements can be costly to manufacture and have the significant disadvantage that after filling of the apparatus, and during storage, the sealant expands S' causing the pistons to separate from one another. This problem has to be addressed by "necking in" the can (ie locally reducing the diameter of the can) below the piston assembly to prevent separation. It would be desirable to have a piston arrangement which would stay together without the need for "necking in" the can.

It would also be desirable to have dispensing apparatus such that a manufacturer can fill the apparatus with product himself, after the apparatus has been assembled and/or pressurised, and to have dispensing apparatus which is refillable.

The preceding discussion of the background art is intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention only. It should be appreciated that the discussion is not an acknowledgement or admission that any of the material 2/1 referred to was part of the common general knowledge in Australia as at the priority date of the application.

Throughout the specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided dispensing apparatus for dispensing a product from a container under pressure of a propellant, said apparatus comprising a product chamber within the container and valve adjacent to the product chamber characterised in that the valve allows produce flow into and out of the 15 product chamber.

go o•

C,

WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 3 1 Preferably, the product chamber is pressurised. The 2 product chamber preferably contains a piston, situated 3 between the propellant and the valve.

4 Preferably, the piston is an interlocking double 6 piston. The interlocking sections preferably have a 7 sealant between them. The sealant forms a 8 substantially impenetrable barrier between the 9 propellant and the product.

11 Preferably, the valve is operated by means of an 12 actuator and a lever. The lever may be manufactured of 13 plastics material; it may be manufactured as a single 14 piece of plastic, for example by injection moulding.

16 Preferably, the actuator and the lever co-operate by 17 means of a screw thread arrangement. Turning of the 9* 9° 18 actuator relative to the lever may vary the flow rate ooeoo 19 of product out of the apparatus. Turning may be oo 20 possible from a "lock-off" position, in which the 21 actuator is clicked home, to a fully on position.

22 Markings may be provided to show the flow rate 23 corresponding to predetermined positions on the lever.

24 Means may be provided to demonstrate to a user that the 26 actuator is in the closed position, ie the position in 27 which no product can flow. It is further preferred 28 that the actuator is provided with means to limit the 999 29 travel of the actuator once the fully open position is 30 reached. Said means may also prevent the actuator from 31 being opened too far or being completely removed from 32 the apparatus. Said means may be a groove or 33 substantially axial slot in the external wall of the 34 actuator.

36 Preferably, the container is made substantially from WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 4 1 tin plate or aluminium. Most preferably the container 2 is a wall ironed tin plate can. For example, it may be 3 an extruded tin plate can as used in the beverage 4 industry, without a side seam.

6 According to a second aspect of the present invention 7 there is provided a composite piston for use in 8 dispensing apparatus, said composite piston comprising 9 a first piston, a second piston and a coupling means, the coupling means movably coupling the first and 11 second pistons to each other and permitting limited 12 relative movement between the first and second pistons 13 in a direction substantially parallel to the direction 14 of movement of the composite piston.

16 Preferably the first and second pistons interlock in 17 use defining a piston sealant chamber.

18 ooeo 19 Preferably the piston sealant chamber is open 20 circumferentially.

oo0•o 21 S 22 Preferably, the coupling means comprises a projection 23 on one of the first and second pistons and a recess in 24 the other of the first and second pistons, and the projection engages in the recess to couple the pistons 26 to each other.

27 o o 28 Typically, the projection is of a smaller dimension 29 than the recess to permit movement of the projection 30 within the recess to facilitate the limited relative 31 movement of the first and second pistons. Preferably, 32 the projection and the recess include mutually 33 engageable ratchet formations which permit movement of 34 the pistons relative to each other in one direction only. Preferably, the one direction is movement of the 36 pistons towards each other.

(I

WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 1 Typically, the recess is a central aperture in one of 2 the pistons and the projection is a central projection 3 on the other piston arranged to engage the recess.

4 Preferably, the first piston and/or the second piston 6 may be elastically distorted to permit a push fit 7 engagement of the projection into the recess.

8 9 Typically, the pistons may be manufactured from a flexible material, such as plastic.

11 12 Preferably, the composite piston also includes a 13 viscous substance which in use contacts the inside wall 14 of a container adjacent the composite piston. The viscous substance may help to facilitate sealing of the 16 composite piston against the inside walls of the 17 container and/or reduce friction between the composite 18 piston and the inside walls of the container.

o S19 20 Preferably the viscous substance is a sealant, such as 21 a glycerine and starch mixture. Preferably the sealant 22 is adapted to contact the interior surface of the 23 container, thereby forming a seal. This seal may be an ooo 24 annular ring of sealant in contact with the container.

This prevents propellant in the apparatus from coming 26 into contact with product in the apparatus.

ooeot: S27 28 One or both of the primary and secondary portions may 29 be provided with an aperture and/or a valve to allow gas to escape out of the sealant chamber in use. Said 31 valve may be a check valve; it may be provided in a 32 stem provided in the centre of the secondary portion.

33 34 Preferably the piston assembly is provided with means for accommodating expansion of the sealant, in use.

36 This may help prevent piston separation. Said means WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 6 1 may be thinned portions provided on the primary and/or 2 secondary piston. Preferably, said means is a 3 plurality of thinned pockets in the wall of the 4 secondary piston. These pockets may balloon to accommodate sealant expansion in use.

6 7 According to a third aspect of the present invention 8 there is provided a container for dispensing a product 9 therefrom, the container comprising a piston according to the second aspect movably mounted within the 11 container and an outlet through which the product is 12 dispensed, the container walls and the composite piston 13 defining a product chamber within the container, and 14 movement of the composite piston within the container towards the outlet expelling product through the 16 outlet.

17 S18 Typically, the viscous material is located between the 19 first and second pistons and may be forced into engagement with the inside wall of the container by a 21 compression force which acts between the first and 22 second pistons to cause the second piston to move 23 towards the first piston.

24 Preferably, the composite piston also includes a wall 26 engaging skirt which abuts against an inside wall of 27 the container. Preferably, a wall-engaging skirt is 28 provided on both the first and the second pistons.

29 Preferably, the container is a pressure pack dispenser 31 which comprises a propellant system which pushes the 32 piston towards the outlet. However, alternatively, the 33 piston could be used in for use in combination with a 34 mechanical actuating device which pushes the composite piston towards the outlet of the container.

36 WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 7 1 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, 2 there is provided a container for use in dispensing 3 apparatus, said container comprising a hollow 4 cylindrical portion and a boss portion, said cylindrical portion being open at one end for 6 attachment of a sealing dome and having a curled in 7 portion at the other end for engagement with a 8 corresponding flange provided on the boss portion.

9 Preferably, the cylindrical portion is made 11 substantially from tin plate or aluminium or other 12 suitable material.

13 14 Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to 16 the accompanying drawings in which: .17 18 Fig 1 is a side view in cross-section of 19 dispensing apparatus in accordance with an o o 20 embodiment of the present invention; 21 22 Fig 2 is an enlarged view of the valve area of the 23 apparatus of Fig 1; **24 oo°0 Fig 3 is an enlarged view in cross-section of the 26 valve area of apparatus in accordance with another 27 embodiment of the present invention; 28 29 Fig 4 is an exploded view in perspective of the 4**C 30 apparatus of Fig 1 without a piston, nozzle or 31 overlap; 32 33 Fig 5 is a sketch of a lever mechanism for use in 34 the apparatus of Fig 1; 36 Fig 6 is a side view in cross-section of the WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 8 1 apparatus of Fig 1 during filling; 2 3 Fig 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the 4 piston crown area of apparatus in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention at 6 the start of a fill cycle; 7 8 Figs 8a-8c are side views in cross-section of the 9 apparatus of Fig 1 during use; 11 Fig 9 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle area 12 of apparatus in accordance with a further 13 embodiment of the present invention, adapted to 14 dispense predetermined doses.of a product; 16 Fig 10 is a view in cross-section of a primary 17 piston of a piston assembly in accordance with the 18 present invention; 19 Fig 11 is a view in cross-section of a secondary 21 piston which cooperates with the primary piston of 22 Fig 23.

24 Fig 12 is a plan view of the top part of the wall of the piston of Fig 11, showing the relative 26 thickness of each part of the wall; 27 27 28 Fig 13 is a side view in cross-section of 29 apparatus in accordance with yet a further S: 30 embodiment of the present invention, suitable for 31 "backward" filling; 32 33 Fig 14 is a cross-sectional view through a 34 container showing a composite piston in accordance with another embodiment of the invention within 36 the container; WO 99/18010 PCT/G B98/03003 9 1 Fig 15 is a cross-sectional view through a lower 2 piston for use in the composite piston shown in 3 Fig 14; 4 Fig 16 is a cross-sectional view through an upper 6 piston for use in the composite piston shown in 7 Fig 14; 8 9 Fig 17 is a cross-sectional view of the upper and lower pistons of Figs 15 and 16 coupled together 11 in a spaced apart position; 12 13 Fig 18 is a cross-sectional view of the upper and 14 lower pistons of Figs 15 and 16 coupled together in a closed position; 16 17 Figs 19a-19d are side views in cross-section of 18 the apparatus in accordance with another 19 embodiment of the invention during use; 21 Fig 20 is a side view of the top part of apparatus 22 in accordance with the present invention, showing 23 an improved tamper seal arrangement; and 24 Fig 21 is a view in cross-section of the nozzle 26 end of apparatus in accordance with yet another 27 embodiment of the present invention.

28 29 Figs 22a and 22b are exploded views in cross- 30 section of the nozzle end of apparatus in 31 accordance with a further embodiment of the 32 present invention.

33 34 Referring firstly to Fig 1 of the accompanying drawings, apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of 36 the present invention will be described. The apparatus WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 1 will be referred to hereinafter as a "pressure pack" or 2 "pack". The pressure pack of Fig 1 is generally 3 denoted 100.

4 The pack 100 consists generally of a canister section 6 and a valve section.

7 8 In this example, the canister section comprises a 9 standard preformed cylindrical can 102 which is internally lacquered. It is envisaged that the can 102 11 could be a tin plate beverage can having a bore in the 12 top. Alternatively the can 102 could be manufactured 13 from aluminium.

14 The pack 100 is automatically assembled as follows, 16 with reference to Figs 1, 2 and 4 in particular of the 17 accompanying drawings.

18 19 Firstly a sub-assembly is formed from a valve portion oooo 20 104, a boss 106 and an actuator 108, as will now be 21 described in more detail with reference to Figs 1, 2 22 and 4.

23 24 The valve portion 104 is a substantially hollow cylindrical tube, provided with a screw thread 110 on 26 its exterior surface. The valve portion 104 is open at 27 one end (the top as viewed in Fig 2) and has a flap 28 valve 112 attached to its other end by means of a rivet *.29 114. The valve portion 104 is also provided with, in 30 this example, four ports 116 around its exterior 31 surface adjacent the screw thread 110 (to the bottom of 32 the screw thread 110 as viewed in Fig It should be 33 noted at this stage that the flap valve 112 is made 34 from a rubber disc which preferably naturally lies in the open position (ie not sealing the end of the 36 valve). This allows air to be expelled out of the WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 11 1 pack, through the valve, during pressurisation. The 2 most preferred form of flap valve 312 is shown in 3 Fig 7. The flap valve 112 is shown in the closed 4 position in Figs 1 and 2. It should further be noted that the total area of the ports 116 exceeds the cross- 6 sectional area of the valve portion 104 itself.

7 8 The boss 106 is a substantially hollow cylinder with a 9 large flange portion 118 at one end. The valve portion 104 fits snugly within the hollow of the boss 106. The 11 valve portion 104 is fitted into the boss 106 open-end- 12 first and is prevented from moving too far up the boss 13 106 by abutment of the shaped end profile 120 of the 14 valve portion against a corresponding portion 122 of the boss 106. This can be seen in Fig 2, but is also 16 described later with reference to Fig 7. Further, the 17 valve portion 104 may be prevented from falling out of 18 the boss 106 by means of a clip 124 on the exterior of o 19 the valve portion 104 which interacts with a slot (not 20 shown) in the interior surface of the boss 106. It oo o 21 should be emphasised, however, that this is an entirely 22 optional feature.

S 23 24 The actuator 108 is a moulded plastic component having a hollow cylindrical interior and a stepped exterior 26 surface. A screw thread 126 is provided on the 27 interior surface of the actuator 108.

28 29 Following insertion of the valve portion 104 into the 30 boss 106 (and clicking into place) the actuator 108 is 31 placed over the end of the valve portion 104 and 32 screwed onto it by means of cooperation of screw 33 threads 110 and 126. (An optional spring 128 may be 34 dropped into a groove 130 provided in the boss 106 prior to fitting the actuator 108. The spring 128 is 36 designed to close the valve if this does not happen WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 12 1 automatically, as will be explained later.) 2 3 Screwing on the actuator 108 completes the sub- 4 assembly.

6 Referring now to Fig 3, for ease of understanding, the 7 reference numerals prefixed are the same but 8 prefixed In this embodiment, optional 0-rings 232 9 may be provided in annular grooves around the valve portion 204 either side of the ports 216. These 0- 11 rings 232 help to form air-tight and product-tight 12 seals, respectively.

13 14 Rings 234 may also be provided on the surface of the flap valve 212 end of the valve portion 204 where it 16 meets the boss 206. The rings 234 form air-tight 17 (plastic-to-plastic) seals between the boss 206 and the oe 18 valve portion 204, and the flap valve 212 and the valve 19 portion 204 when these components are in contact.

o o• 21 Referring again to Figs 1 and 2, the sub-assembly is 22 then inserted up the inside of the can 102 until the 23 flange 118 provided on the boss 106 fits into a curled 24 lip 136 at the top of the can 102. This limits further movement of the boss 106. The boss 106 should be a 26 friction fit within the can 102, thereby sealing the 27 end of the can 102. However, if necessary the neck of 28 the can 102 may be crimped below the boss 106 to hold 29 the sub-assembly in place.

31 Following insertion of the sub-assembly, a double 32 piston assembly 138 is inserted into the can 102. The 33 piston assembly 138 comprises two interlocking plastic 34 cup sections 140a,b, each having a stem portion 142a,b in its centre. The cup sections 140a,b lock together 36 and a cavity or chamber 144 is formed between them.

WO 99/18010 PCT/G B98/03003 13 1 The outer surface of the double piston assembly 138 is 2 in sliding contact with the internal surface of the can 3 102. The chamber 144 is filled with a measured 4 quantity of sealant to form a pressure seal. The sealant not only fills the chamber 144, but also fills 6 the annular space 146 in contact with the internal 7 surface of the can 102.

8 9 The piston assembly 138 is formed by squirting sealant (in this case glycerine and starch mix at +45 0 C) into 11 the first cup 140a or "first piston", then allowing the 12 sealant to cool and placing the second cup 140b or 13 "second piston" onto the first 140a. This is done 14 orior to insertion of the piston assembly 138 into the can 102. As the second piston 140b is fitted into the 16 first 140a, the sealant is displaced within the cavity 17 144 formed between them. There is a minor "click" at 18 this stage as the pistons 140a,b engage each other.

19 Then the piston assembly 138 is rammed up the can 102 20 to the boss 106 and as this occurs the two pistons 21 140a,b are forced together. There is another "click" 22 as the pistons 140a,b then lock together by means of a 23 clip mechanism 148 on the stems 142a,b. At this second 24 click the sealant is displaced into the annular ring 146 to form a propellant-tight seal. Other methods of 26 interlocking the pistons and/or introducing the sealant 27 are envisaged.

28 29 This piston arrangement gives advantages over known 30 piston arrangements. For example, the hollow stem 142b 31 of the second piston 140b permits air to exit the space 32 between the first and second pistons 140a and 140b, up 33 to the time when they lock together. In a modification 34 (not shown) the first piston could be provided with a central valve, to permit passage of air from above the 36 piston assembly.

WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 14 1 The volume 150 of the can 102 behind the piston 2 assembly 138 is now pressurised in the conventional 3 way, for example to 70 psi for a 47mm diameter can, and 4 an aerosol dome 152 fitted thereby sealing the pack 100. It is envisaged that, at this stage, the pack 100 6 will be supplied to the customer (ie a product 7 manufacturer) for filling, labelling and fitting of the 8 nozzle and the lever mechanism described below. The 9 product may be fixant, sealant, glue or the like.

Alternatively, it could be a foodstuff such as cake 11 icing, or a pharmaceutical, or a cosmetic product such 12 as depilatory cream.

13 14 At this stage, it should be noted that a small air space 154 is left between the piston assembly 138 and 16 the valve 104. This can be seen, for example, in Fig 17 2. The airspace 154 is of a minimum size of 2ml and is 18 provided by shaping the crown of the piston 140a to fit 19 the valve profile and the boss 106 leaving the required gap. Once the pack is pressurised, the increased 21 pressure against the flap valve keeps it in the closed 22 position.

23 S24 Fig 6 is a view of the pack 100 during filling.

Filling may be done by a manufacturer of the product at 26 their own premises. A bulk pack of product (not shown) 9 27 is filled into the can 102 by means of a product fill 28 tube 156 in the direction of arrows B in Fig 6.

29 30 The tube 156 is inserted down through the interior of 31 the valve portion 104 until the end of the tube 156 is 32 adjacent the flap valve 112. (In a preferred 33 embodiment, as seen in Fig 7, a seal is formed around 34 the tube 356 by means of an O-ring 358.) 36 As product is introduced (for example, in excess of WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 1 183 psi to fill a can at 70 psi) a small amount fills 2 the gap 154 between the piston 138 and the valve/boss 3 assembly. This product then begins to force the piston 4 assembly 138 down into the can 102 against the pressure of the propellant in volume 150. The piston crown is 6 specially profiled to enable product to flow down over 7 the piston to enable this initial movement to occur. A 8 preferred design of piston 338 is also shown in Fig 7.

9 As the product continues to flow down the fill tube 156 11 the piston assembly 138 is forced down the can 102 12 toward the dome 152. Flap valve 112 is then able to 13 return to its natural position, ie the open position, 14 and further product flows into the volume 160 between the piston crown and the boss/valve. This filling 16 continues until the required product fill is achieved 17 or the piston 138 reaches the dome 152 (ie as seen in 18 the view of Fig 8a) whichever is sooner.

r 19 20 The customer can then affix a label or other **oe0g 21 identifying feature to the filled can 102 and then a 22 lever cap 162 is placed over the protruding parts of 23 the boss 106, the valve 104 and the actuator 108. The •oB 24 lever cap 162 is shown in Fig 5 and is provided with snappers 164 around its bottom edge. These snappers 26 164 are resiliently formed and once "snapped" into qe 27 place co-operate with the lip 136 of the can 102 to 28 hold the lever cap 162 securely in place.

29 30 The lever cap 162 is moulded as a single piece of 31 plastic and has a handle 166 and a base 168. The 32 handle 166 is joined to the base 168 by means of a 33 butterfly hinge 170. The handle 166 and base 168 are 34 each provided with overlapping apertures 172 through which parts of the valve portion 104 and the actuator 36 108 protrude when the lever cap 162 is in place. The WO 99/18010 PCT/G B98/03003 16 1 handle 166 is folded over on the hinge 170 so that 2 these apertures 172 overlap. Fig 4 shows various parts 3 of the pack 100 exploded. In Fig 4 the lever cap 162 4 is shown in the open (ie moulded) position.

6 The lever cap 162 is shown in place in Fig 8a, for 7 example. The pack 100 is completed with a nozzle 174 8 and a protective end cap (see 276 in Fig 3, for 9 example) which is fitted after the lever cap 162. The nozzle 174 is screwed onto an external screw thread 178 11 provided on the actuator 108. Different lengths of 12 nozzle may be used if required.

13 14 The lever cap 162 may also be provided with a seal mechanism 180 (as can be seen in Figs 8a-8c) The seal 16 180 prevents unwanted movement of the lever handle 166 0: 0 17 prior to first use and serves as an indication of any 18 tampering.

19 Referring now to Figs 8a-8c, the pack 100 is shown in 21 Fig 8a in the form in which it is retailed. Volume 160 22 is filled with product and the handle 166 of the lever 23 162 is in the fully closed position. Seal 180 is still 24 intact. The lever handle 166 rests on a flange 182 provided around the bottom of the actuator 108. An 26 actuating knuckle 184 on the handle 166 contacts the 27 flange 182. The knuckle 184 can be seen in Fig 28 28 29 To dispense product, the seal 180 is broken, the end 30 cap is removed and the nozzle 174 is cut open. The 31 actuator 108 is then twisted relative to the valve 32 portion 104 on screw thread 110. The screw thread is 33 preferably an acme triple thread. Typically one 360° 34 turn will fully open the pack 100.

36 The broken seal 180 can be seen in Fig 8b. An WO 99/18010 PCT/G B98/03003 17 1 alternative seal arrangement could be provided on the 2 pack, as sold, consisting of an anti-tamper tab. This 3 tab could be a piece of plastic adapted to attach to 4 the lever handle and fit within one of the grooves 190 described below. When attached, abutment of the seal 6 against the side of the groove prevents turning of the 7 actuator relative to the lever handle and also prevents 8 lifting of the lever handle. The se'al is broken by a 9 user pulling off the piece of plastic prior to use of the pack. This seal may be provided on the dog tooth 11 188 described below, for example.

12 13 As the actuator 108 turns, the lever handle 166 lifts 14 on the hinge 170 due to the action of the actuator flange 182 against the actuating knuckle 184. This can 16 be seen in the view of Fig 8b. The greater the flow 17 rate of product required, the more the lever handle 18 should be raised prior to use. The spring 128 is 19 extended at this point.

21 To dispense product, a user then presses down on the oS° 22 lever handle 166 (moving it toward the body of the can 23 102). This pushes the actuator 108 and the valve 104 24 (which is attached to the actuator 108 via their good 25 cooperating screw threads 110,126) down relative to the 26 boss 106. This is the position seen in Fig 8c.

S. 27 Product is then urged to flow, by virtue of the S28 internal'pressurisation of the pack 100 against the see 29 piston 138 which then moves up toward the valve 104 0. 30 forcing product from volume 160 through the ports 116 31 and up through the valve portion 104 and out through 32 the nozzle 174 (in the direction of arrows A in Fig 33 8c). Because the area of the ports is greater than the 34 bore diameter, the flow rate is the same as with conventional packs. Backfill is also possible for this 36 reason.

WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 18 1 To stop dispensing, the user simply releases the lever 2 handle 166. This closes the valve by allowing it to 3 slide back up the bore and closing access through the 4 ports 116. If a spring 128 is included in the pack, it will urge the valve closed, but in many cases the 6 internal pack pressure will close the valve reliably, 7 without the need for a spring.

8 9 The greater the angle between the lever handle 166 and the can 102 prior to dispensing, the greater the 11 possible torque on the actuator/valve and hence the 12 greater the flow rate obtained from the pack 100.

13 Markings may be provided (by moulding for example) on 14 the side face 186 of the lever handle 166 which indicate the flow rate that will be achieved when S 16 depressing the handle 166 from that lever angle.

17 ooooo 18 The lever 162 is also provided with a dog tooth 188 on o oo 19 the interior of the aperture 172 in the lever handle o o 20 166. This dog tooth 188 is designed to fit into slots S 21 or axial grooves 190 (see Fig 4) provided adjacent the 22 top of the actuator 108. If the actuator 108 is 0•ooo 23 unscrewed and the lever handle 166 rises sufficiently, 0*o* g 24 the dog tooth 188 engages in one of these grooves 190 25 and butts against the side of the groove 190 to prevent eeeee: 26 further turning. In this way, the actuator/valve eoo 27 cannot be fully removed from the pack.

28 29 In addition, the flange 182 of the actuator 108 is provided with a projection 192 on its lower surface.

31 This projection 192 can be seen in Fig 2 and is 32 designed to click into one of a set of corresponding 33 indents (not shown) provided at equal intervals around 34 a ring on the top surface of the boss 106 when the actuator 108 reaches the fully closed position. This 36 indicates to a user that the actuator 108 is "locked- WO 99/18010 PI'CT/GB98/03003 19 1 off".

2 3 Embodiments of the invention are envisaged whereby 4 product can be dispensed in a predetermined dose.

Doses may be adjusted by adjusting the nozzle length.

6 7 Part of one such embodiment can be seen in Fig 9 of the 8 accompanying drawings. The apparatus of Fig 9 is 9 substantially identical to that already described, but is provided with a return spring 194 and a piston/valve 11 assembly 196 within the interior of the nozzle 174, 12 valve 104 and actuator 108. Fig 9 shows the actuator 13 108 in the fully closed position.

14 The piston/valve assembly 196 is in the form of a S16 cylindrical hollow cage which is a sliding fit within 17 the interior of the nozzle, etc. The assembly 196 is 18 provided with a one-way valve 198 at the end nearest 19 the spring 194. In this embodiment, the first time the 20 lever handle 166 is raised and depressed, product is 21 forced up behind the cage, and the pressure then forces 22 the piston/valve assembly 196 toward the nozzle end 23 (the valve 198 remaining closed). This in turn 24 compresses the return spring 194. When the handle 166 25 is released, the spring 194 forces the assembly 196 ooeeo 26 back down, the valve 198 being open in this phase, eooee: 27 thereby leaving a dose of product (which passes through 28 the cage and the open valve) within the interior of the 29 nozzle, etc. To dispense the dose, the handle 166 is raised and depressed again. This action simultaneously 31 "refills" the interior with a further dose of product 32 for the next application. This procedure can be 33 continued until the apparatus is empty. An end cap 34 (not shown) protects the dose from exposure to the atmosphere when the apparatus is not in use. It is 36 envisaged that apparatus having the features shown in WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 1 Fig 9 would be particularly suitable for dispensing of 2 pharmaceuticals and the like.

3 4 The components of a preferred piston assembly will now be described with reference to Figs 10, 11 and 12.

6 7 The piston assembly consists of a primary piston 200 8 and a secondary piston 202. Both pistons 200, 202 are 9 generally cup shaped, with stem portions 204, 206 in their centres. The pistons 200, 202 are designed to 11 interlock with one another, by means of teeth 208 on 12 the stem of the primary piston 200 and a flange 210 on 13 the stem of the secondary piston 202, thereby defining 14 a sealant chamber. In use, the sealant chamber is filled with sealant. In the piston assembly formed 16 from pistons 200 and 202, approximately 7g of sealant 17 is required to fill the chamber. This compares 18 favourably with over 30g required to fill sealant 19 chambers in known piston assemblies. This reduces 20 costs involved in manufacture of packs incorporating 21 the piston assembly of the present invention.

22 23 The example shown in Figs 10 to 12 has a further 24 advantageous feature in that the top wall 212 of the secondary piston 202 is made from a flexible plastics ••26 material having a number of thin pocket sections 214 27 therein. These pockets 214 are designed to balloon on 28 expansion of sealant within the sealant chamber (as 29 occurs during storage of a filled pack), thereby accommodating the sealant and preventing the primary 31 and secondary pistons from separating or becoming 32 unlocked from one another. This is a significant 33 advantage of the piston assembly of the present 34 invention.

36 Referring now to Fig 13, there is shown a piston WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 21 1 assembly 216 similar to that described above with 2 reference to Figs 10 to 12, within a standard two piece 3 aerosol can. This arrangement differs from that 4 described earlier in that the can must be "backward filled" with the components as the bottom end 218 is 6 initially sealed apart from a small fill valve 220.

7 8 The valve assembly 222 of the pack of Fig 13 and in 9 particular, the boss portion 224 is specially designed to fit snugly within the top piece 226 of the two piece 11 can. The view of Fig 13 shows the top piece 226 (with 12 valve assembly 222 therein) just prior to fitting onto 13 the can section 228.

14 It should be noted that the boss portion 224 is only 16 one of many possible fittings for the top piece 226.

S 17 The top piece 226 is a standard open top cone and may, ooo.o: 18 in other embodiments, have other valve assemblies 19 fitted therein. For example, a standard aerosol valve 20 such as a spray valve or tilt valve (for dispensing 21 cream, etc) may be fitted. It should also be noted 22 that the upper profile of the piston assembly may 23 require modification to accommodate components of such 24 valves which protrude into the body of the can. This 25 may be achieved using the hollow stem of the secondary eoeee: 26 (uppermost) piston to make room for the valve o e 27 components when the piston assembly is in its uppermost S28 position.

29 30 In the embodiment of Fig 13, the secondary piston 202 31 is introduced into the can first. The hollow stem 206 32 of the secondary piston 202 allows air to escape from 33 the space between the piston 202 and the bottom 218 of 34 the can when the piston 202 is being inserted. It will be noted that a cylindrical tube 230 is provided on the 36 underside of the secondary piston 202, which contacts WO 99/18010 PCT/G 898/03003 22 1 the base of the can before the rest of the piston 202, 2 thereby leaving a space between the outer skirt 232 of 3 the piston 202 and the base 218 of the can.

4 Following the insertion of the secondary piston, the 6 primary piston 200 (with sealant therein) is inserted 7 into the can. As the primary piston 200 is forced down 8 the can, air can escape from underneath the primary 9 piston 200, through the hollow stem 206 of the other piston 200 and out through the valve 220 in the base of 11 the can. This air escape can take place up to the 12 point where the pistons 200, 202 engage one another.

13 Any remaining air trapped between the pistons can then 14 travel down the sides of the secondary piston 202, (the pressure of the air temporarily collapsing the outer 16 skirt 232), and through apertures (not shown) in the 17 bottom of the tube 230 of the secondary piston 202, to 18 eventually escape through the valve 220. The can is .19 then ready to have the top piece 226 fitted. It should be noted that any top piece/valve assembly may be 21 fitted depending on an end user's requirements.

22 23 The components of a piston assembly according to a S24 further embodiment of the invention will now be 25 described with reference to Figs 14 to 18. Fig 14 eoeoo: 26 shows a cross-sectional view through a container 401 27 which contains a product 402 which is to be dispensed 28 through an outlet 403 in the container 401 to a valve 29 404 which controls dispensing of the product through a 30 nozzle 405. The valve 404 which is attached to the 31 outlet 403 by a screw thread and the nozzle 405 is 32 attached to the valve 404 also by a screw thread.

33 34 Located within the container 401 are two pistons 408, 409 between which a viscous material 410 is located.

36 The pistons 408, 409 and the viscous material 410 WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 23 1 separate the product 402 from a propellant 406 in the 2 container 401. The propellant may be any suitable 3 propellant. Typically, the propellant is a substance 4 which is gaseous at normal temperature and pressure but liquifies when pressurised.

6 7 The pistons 408, 409 are coupled to each other by a 8 central tube section 412 on the piston 409 which 9 engages with a central aperture 411 in the piston 408.

The pistons 408, 409 are shown in more detail in Figs 11 15 and 16.

12 13 Fig 15 is a cross-sectional view of the piston 408.

14 The piston 408 has a skirt section 413 which contacts the inside surface of the wall of the container 401.

16 The piston 408 also has an annular section 414 which is 17 connected to the skirt section 413 by a side wall 415.

18 A central tubular section 416 depends from the inside 19 of the annular section 414 to define the central 20 aperture 411. Located at the end of the tubular 21 section 416, remote from the annular section 414, is a 22 nibbed flange 417 which is directed towards the centre 23 of the aperture 411. The portion of the tubular 24 section 416 on which the flange 417 is located has a 25 wall thickness less than the portion of the tubular .oo 26 section 16 adjacent the annular section 414 to enable 27 the flange 417 to flex outwards.

28 29 Fig 16 is a cross-sectional view of the piston 409.

The piston 409 has a central section 418 from which 31 depends a skirt section 419 which engages with the 32 inside wall of the container 401. Depending centrally 33 from the central section 418 is the tube section 412 34 which has a number of ridges 421 adjacent the central section 418 and a ratchet portion 422 at the end of the 36 tube section 412 remote from the central section 418.

WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 24 1 Next to the ratchet formations 422 is a groove 423 2 which extends circumferentially around the tube section 3 412.

4 In use, the section of piston 409 between the tube 6 section 412 and the skirt 419 is filled with the 7 viscous material 410. The tube section 412 is then 8 inserted into the central aperture 411 in the piston 9 408 defined by the tubular section 416 until the ratchet formations 422 contact the flange 417. Further 11 pushing together of the pistons 408, 409 causes 12 deflection of the flange 417 to engage in the ratchet 13 formations 422. The ratchet formations are shaped such 14 that pistons 408, 409 may be pushed together but they may not be easily separated after the flange 417 has 16 engaged in the ratchet formations 422.

17 18 Ridges 421 frictionally engage with the internal side 19 walls of the tubular section 416 and help prevent the 20 viscous material passing between the tubular section 21 416 of the piston 408 and the tube section 412 of the 22 piston 409.

23 24 The composite piston formed by the pistons 408, 409 and 25 the viscous material 410 may then be inserted into the S26 container 401 and used as shown in Fig 14.

27 28 The invention has the advantage that the interengaged 29 flange 417 and ratchet formations 422 mitigate the possibility of the pistons 408, 409 separating due to 31 propellant 406 entering the viscous material 410 32 between the pistons 408, 409 and pushing the pistons 33 408, 409 apart which may compromise the effectiveness 34 of the composite piston in mitigating the possibility of the propellant 406 leaking into the product 402.

36 WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 1 However, the pistons 408, 409 are permitted to move 2 towards each other to ensure that there is a constant 3 force of viscous material pressed against the inside 4 wall of the container, as the flange 417 can move further up the ratchet formations 422 until the annular 6 section 414 butts against the central section 418, as 7 shown in Fig 18.

8 9 The presence of the viscous material 410 on the inside wall of the container reduces the frictional forces 11 between the wall engaging skirts 413, 417 and helps to 12 give a smooth movement of the pistons 408, 409 within 13 the container 401. In add-ition or alternatively, the 14 viscous material 410 may also be used as a sealing material to help prevent components of the product 16 permeating either through the pistons 408, 409 or 17 between the wall engaging skirts 413, 417 and the 18 inside wall of the container 401.

19 In the example shown in Fig 14, the pistons are pushed 21 towards the outlet 403 by the propellant 406 when the 22 valve 404 is opened by a user. This causes the product 23 402 to exit the outlet 403, pass through the valve 404 24 and pass out through the nozzle 405.

26 However, in an alternative example the propellant 406 27 and the base 407 of the container 401 may be omitted.

28 In this example, the container 401 may be inserted into 29 a mechanical device (not shown) which pushes the 30 pistons 408, 409 towards the outlet 403 in order to 31 dispense product 402 from the outlet 403 and desired by 32 a user.

33 34 Referring now to Figs 19a to 19d, a modified composite piston is shown in which a detent portion 510 is 36 provided not at the end of the stem or tube section 506 WO 99/18010 PCT/G B98/03003 26 1 of the secondary piston 502, but at an intermediate 2 point on the stem 506. During assembly of the composite piston, the secondary piston 502 is pushed 4 into the container 528 until the end 512 of the stem 502 abuts the domed base 518 of the container, as shown 6 in Fig 19a. Castellations 522 may be provided in the 7 stem wall arranged around the circumference of the end 8 512 of the stem, to enable air to pass from the volume 9 530 outside the stem to the volume 532 inside the stem and vice versa.

11 12 As shown in Fig 19b the primary piston 500 is then 13 pushed into the container until the first indented 14 portion of the ratchet formation 508 engages with the detent 510 in the first click position. As the primary 16 piston 500 is pushed further so that the third indented 17 portion of the ratchet formation 508 engages with the 18 detent 510 in the third click position, the sealant 514 19 fills the space between the primary and secondary 20 pistons, and escaping air is pushed between the wall 21 engaging skirt 516 and the container to voided volume 22 530, from where it can escape through the valve 520.

23 Fig 19c shows the primary and second pistons in the 24 third click position.

26 The sealant 514 is placed in the primary piston in a 27 predetermined dose. There is a tolerance on the volume 28 of this dose. The ratchet formation 508 enables the 29 composite piston to function equally well if the volume of sealant is slightly more or less than the standard 31 volume. If there is more sealant, then sealant will 32 fill the space when the second indented portion of the 33 ratchet formation 508 engages with the detent 510 in 34 the second click position- If there is less sealant, then sealant will fill the space when the fifth 36 indented portion of the ratchet formation 508 engages WO 99/18010 PCT/G B98/03003 27 1 with the detent 510 in the fifth click position, as 2 shown in Fig 19d, when the end of the primary stem 504 3 is flush with the end of the secondary stem 506.

4 The stem 506 extends a sufficient distance so that it 6 engages with the domed base 518 of the container before 7 the wall engaging skirt 516 engages the curved portion 8 534 of the container, where the container wall 528 9 ceases to be straight. In this way air can still escape between the skirt 516 and the container wall 11 528.

12 13 Referring now to Fig 20, an improved nozzle/end cap 14 arrangement 234 can be seen. This arrangement combines the end cap 236 with the anti-tamper tab 238 of the 16 assembly. The end cap 236 in this example is formed 17 integrally with the lever cap 240 during moulding. The 18 anti-tamper tab 238 comprises a Y-shaped piece of 19 plastic which engages one of the eight flutes 242 20 provided on the valve actuator as can be seen in Fig 21 20. The tab 238 is broken off prior to first turning 22 of the actuator, to allow for normal use of the pack.

23 24 The view seen in Fig 20, with the end cap 236 still 25 attached to the lever cap 240, is as the pack would be 26 presented for sale. This advantageously reduces the 27 overall height of the pack, by removing the end cap 28 from the nozzle 244, so that it may fit more readily 29 onto product display shelving. Optionally, nozzle length may also be reduced, if required.

31 32 After purchase, when the nozzle 244 has been cut open, 33 the nozzle can be protected by breaking off the end cap 34 236 from the lever cap 240 (at snap off bridges 246 provided therebetween) and placing the end cap 236 in.

36 the position shown in broken lines in Fig 20. This WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 28 1 breaking off of the end cap 236 also removes the Y- 2 shaped tab 238 from engagement with the actuator flutes 3 242.

4 The nozzle 244 also is provided with teeth 246 at its 6 lowermost end. These teeth 246 cooperate with the 7 flutes 242 on the actuator to prevent unwanted removal 8 of the nozzle. Radial bridges 248 provided which are 9 adapted to break off when the nozzle 244 is unscrewed with sufficient force. This web/ratchet arrangement 11 acts as a convenient deterrent to unwanted removal of 12 the nozzle prior to purchase, and as an indicator of 13 any tampering.

14 In general, the apparatus already described includes a 16 boss portion which is inserted up the middle of the 17 empty canister with the valve assembly therein.

18 However, it is possible to mount the valve assembly on 19 the top end of a canister by means of a specially 20 adapted mounting cap. An example of the mounting cap 21 300 can be seen in Fig 21.

22 23 The valve 601 is mounted in the cap 600 and an actuator ,o 24 602 fitted to the valve 601 in a similar manner to that 25 previously described. An optional support component 26 603 may be provided as can be seen on the right hand 27 side of Fig 21. Alternatively, the support component 28 is not provided, and the cap 600 continues upwards to 29 form a sleeve 604 surrounding the entry valve 601 to the underside of the actuator 602, as can be seen on 31 the left hand side of Fig 21. A spring 605 is also 32 provided (the benefits of which have already been 33 discussed with reference to other drawings) which at 34 one end sits within a recess 606 provided in the actuator.

36 WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 29 1 The entire valve/actuator/mounting cap assembly is then 2 lowered onto the top of a canister 607 (in this case a 3 two piece aerosol can) and crimped over the top, by 4 crimping a curled lip 608 provided on the cap 600 around the outside of the top rim 609 of the can. The 6 top rim 609 is typically a circular rim 1 inch (25.4 7 mm) in diameter, of the sort generally known in the 8 art.

9 The can 600 could alternatively be a three-piece 11 aerosol can (with sealing dome) or any known aerosol 12 with a hole provided in the top. Alternatively the can 13 600 may be a one piece can formed with tapering sides 14 which narrow towards the circular rim, which is typically 1 inch or 25.4 mm in diameter.

~16 17 The valve assembly in this example is modified from 18 those of earlier described embodiments. A nozzle 610 19 with end cap 611 is fitted to the valve 601 by means of 20 a screw thread 620 of increased length, for greater 21 strength. The nozzle 610 is not directly connected to 22 the actuator 602. This assembly has advantages over 23 those already described, for example as the nozzle is 24 tightened onto the valve, this does not cause the valve to open and so no product weeps out of the end of the 26 nozzle.

27 S28 Other components shown in Fig 21 are similar to those 29 already described. It should be noted that the plastic lever 630 already described could be replaced by a more 31 simple lever arrangement, for example a conventional 32 wire lever could be used. The container is filled in 33 the following manner. First the composite piston is 34 inserted into the can while the top of the can is open and lip 621 is flared outwardly to aid insertion of the 36 piston. Then the can is closed to form a one inch (25.4 WO 99/18010 PCT/GB98/03003 1 mm) hole, either by fitting top piece 622 or by forming 2 the can to a taper. The can is then filled with the 3 product from the top. Then the valve assembly 4 comprising the valve 601, actuator 602, nozzle 610, cap 600 and lever is fixed to the top rim 609 by crimping 6 the curled lip 608.

7 8 The anti-tamper tab 640 comprises a planar piece of 9 plastic connected to the lever 630 which engages one of the eight flutes 642 provided on the valve actuator.

11 The tab 640 is broken off prior to screwing on the 12 nozzle 610 and the first turning of the actuator, to 13 allow for normal use of the pack.

14 Another advantage of the embodiment of Fig 21 is that 16 no boss is required to fit the valve assembly. This 17 means that the ultimate capacity of the can can be 18 greater than with the other described embodiments, and o e 19 the overall appearance of the pack is not substantially ,oeoe• 20 affected.

21 22 Figs 22a and 22b show exploded views of an embodiment r 23 similar to that of Fig 21. Before fixing the valve 24 assembly to the canister, the valve assembly is 25 assembled by inserting the valve 701 into the cap 700 or 26 from below, and then screwing a retaining member 715 27 provided with an internal thread onto the external 28 thread on the protruding portion of the valve 701 in 29 order to hold the valve in place. The external surface of the retaining member 715 is provided with 31 longitudinal ribs 716. The actuator 702 is provided 32 with corresponding internal ribs 717. When the 33 actuator 702 is placed over the retaining member 715 34 the ribs 716, 717 engage with each other so that the actuator 702 and the retaining member 715 are 36 rotationally coupled. A detent portion 718 on the WO 99/18010 PCT/G B98/03003 31 1 external surface of the retaining member 715 engages 2 with a corresponding recessed groove 719 on the inner 3 surface of the actuator 702, to hold the actuator 702 4 on the retaining member 715. The nozzle 710 and end cap 711 are screwed to the valve 701, in a similar way 6 to the embodiment of Fig 21. The cap may be provided 7 with a hinge portion 720 for use with a conventional 8 wire lever to control the valve operation.

9 Alternatively the cap may be used with a moulded plastic lever of the type shown in Figs 8a and 8b.

11 12 It is to be understood that the containers according to 13 the invention may be filled from the bottom, if 14 required, by providing a separate domed base which is sealed to the container after insertion of the product 16 and the composite piston.

17 18 The packs described have significant advantages over 19 and above known packs including that they may be filled reeo• S 20 and refilled by manufacturers or retailers on their own 21 premises from bulk quantities of product, instead of 22 sending product to be filled into the packs during eeooo 23 manufacture. This means that product-filled packs are 24 much cheaper and easier to produce. The packs 25 themselves are also much cheaper and easier to produce.

eeeeo 26 27 Modifications and improvements may be made to the S28 foregoing without departing from the scope of the 29 invention.

e•