AU9054498A - Antiviral agents - Google Patents

Description

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 ANTIVIRAL AGENTS The present invention relates to the use of purine acyclonucleosides as agents in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of hepatitis B, pharmaceutical compositions for use in such therapy and novel purine acyclonucleosides. 5 Infection with human hepatitis B virus is a major public health problem because of the ability of the virus to cause acute and chronic infections. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (hereinafter referred to as HBV ) causes serious liver disease in humans and frequently results in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently there is no 10 effective therapy for the successful management of chronic HBV infections. The > 250 million chronic HBV carriers throughout the world are unable to benefit from the commercial vaccine now available. Currently available therapies for HBV provide inadequate levels of efficacy or are 15 accompanied by deleterious side effects. Accordingly, a need exists for effective treatments for HBV. It has now been discovered that compounds of formula (1) are active agents against hepatitis B virus. 20 Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a compound of formula (1) Ri N N 2 25 R N N OH OH (1) WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -2 where: R' is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR';

R

2 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, 5 alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; and R and R' are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aryl; or salts or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof; in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of hepatitis B viral infection. 10 These compounds have been found to exhibit surprisingly good activity in an anti hepatitis B assay. Preferably R 1 is hydroxy or a group capable of being converted in vivo to hydroxy. Preferably R 2 is amino; or a group which is capable of being converted in vivo to amino. 15 The invention further provides a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B viral infection which method includes administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (1), its salts, and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives. The present invention also provides a compound of formula (1), its salts, and 20 pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives for use in treatment or prophylaxis of HBV. The compounds of the invention may further be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of HBV. Accordingly, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions for said treatment or prophylaxis which include a compound of formula (1), its salts or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives in 25 association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -3 The present invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (1), its salts or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of HBV. The salts of the compounds of formula (1) are preferably pharmaceutically 5 acceptable, but it will be appreciated that non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts also fall within the scope of the present invention, since these are useful as intermediates in the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts may include conventional non-toxic salts or quaternary ammonium salts of these compounds, which may be formed for example from organic or inorganic acids or bases. 10 Examples of such acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, those formed with pharmaceutically acceptable acids such as acetic, propionic, citric, lactic, methanesulphonic, toluenesulphonic, benzenesulphonic, salicylic, ascorbic, hydrochloric, orthophosphoric, sulphuric and hydrobromic acids. Base salts includes, but is not limited to, those formed with pharmaceutically acceptable cations, such as sodium, potassium, 15 lithium, calcium magnesium, ammonium and alkylammonium. They may be formed by treating a compound of formula (1) with an appropriate metal hydroxide. Also, basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quaternised with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl and diethyl sulfate; and others. 20 The compounds of the invention may be in crystalline form or as solvates (e.g. hydrates) and it is intended that both forms are within the scope of the present invention. Methods of solvation are generally known within the art. Pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives may include any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, prodrug, or any other compound which, upon administration to a 25 subject, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of formula (1) or an antivirally active metabolite or residue thereof. For example, compounds where a hydroxy group on the acyclic sidechain has been replaced with a phosphate ester are within the scope of pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives. The term "prodrug" is used in its broadest sense and encompasses those derivatives WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -4 that are converted in vivo to the compounds of the invention. Such derivatives would readily occur to those skilled in the art, and include, for example, compounds where R' is a group which is capable of being converted in vivo to hydroxy; or R 2 is a group which is capable of being converted in vivo to amino; or compounds where a free hydroxy group 5 on the acyclic sidechain is converted into a group, for example an ester, a carbonate or a carbamate, which is capable of being converted in vivo back to a hydroxy group. A prodrug may include modifications to one or more of the functional groups of a compound of the invention. Throughout this specification the phrase "a group which is capable of being 10 converted in vivo" used in relation to another functional group includes all those functional groups or derivatives of such groups which upon administration into a mammal may be converted into the stated functional group. Those skilled in the art may readily determine whether a group may be capable of being converted in vivo into the stated functional group using routine enzymatic or animal studies. 15 It will be appreciated that some derivatives of compounds of formula (1) may have an asymmetric centre, and therefore are capable of existing in more than one stereoisomeric form. The invention extends to each of these forms individually and to mixtures thereof, including racemates. The isomers may be separated conventionally by chromatographic methods or using a resolving agent. Alternatively, the individual 20 isomers may be prepared by asymmetric synthesis using chiral intermediates, or enzymes. Preferably R' is hydroxy or a group which is capable of being converted in vivo to hydroxy. Preferably R 2 is amino, or a group which is capable of being converted in vivo to amino. 25 Some of the compounds of formula (1) are novel and accordingly the invention also provides compounds of formula (la): WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -5

R

1 N N 2 R N N OH 5 OH (la) where: R' is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; 10 R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; and R and R' are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aryl; and salts and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof; provided that the following compounds are excluded; 15 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- 1-yl]-guanine, 9-[3-Hydroxy-2 hydroxymethylprop- 1-yl]-adenine, 9-[(2-isopropyl- 1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]-guanine, and 9-[(2-isopropyl- 1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]-adenine. The compound of formula (1) where R 1 is OH and R 2 is NH 2 has been reported by Martin et al. (1986) as being inactive against herpes simplex virus type 1 and as a poor 20 substrate for the thymidine kinase of that virus. Throughout this specification the term alkyl , used either alone or in compound words such as haloalkyl or alkyl acids is denoted, unless otherwise defined, to mean both the straight chain CI- 30 alkyl or branched chain C 3

-

30 alkyl and the branched or unbranched C 3 -30cycloalkyl. Unless otherwise defined, such groups may be saturated or 25 unsaturated.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -6 The term"aryl" as used herein refers to any compound which includes or consists of one or more aromatic rings. The aromatic rings may be carbocyclic, heterocyclic or pseudoaromatic, and may be mono or polycyclic ring systems and preferably have 2 to 20 carbon atoms. The aromatic rings may also have one or more heteroatoms selected from 5 N, S, O and P. Examples of suitable rings include but are not limited to benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, naphthalene, tetradyronaphthalene, 1 benzylnaphthalene, anthracene, dihydroanthracene, benzanthracene, dibenzanthracene, phenanthracene, perylene, pyridine, 4-phenylpyridine, 3-phenylpyridine, thiophene, benzothiophene, naphthothiophene, thianthrene, furan, pyrene, isobenzofuram, 10 chromene, xanthene, phenoxathiin, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indole, indolizine, isoindole, purine, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, pteridine, carbazole, carboline, phenanthridine, acridine, phenanthroline, phenazine, isothiazole, isooxazole, phenoxazine and the like, each of which may be optionally substituted. The term "pseudoaromatic" refers to a ring system 15 which is not strictly aromatic, but which is stabilized by means of delocalization of electrons and behaves in a similar manner to aromatic rings. Examples of pseudoaromatic rings include but are not limited to furan, thiophene, pyrrole and the like. Throughout this specification the term alkoxy , used either alone or in compound words such as haloalkoxy is denoted, unless otherwise defined, to mean both the straight 20 chain C 1 -30alkoxy or branched chain C 3 -30alkoxy and the branched or unbranched C 3 30 cycloalkoxy. Unless otherwise defined, such groups may be saturated or unsaturated. Unless otherwise stated the term "ester" is denoted to mean those compounds or derivatives which correspond to the ester formed by reaction of an alcohol with an organic acid, preferably a carboxylic acid. Particularly preferred carboxylic acids from which 25 esters may be formed include amino acids and alkyl acids. Preferred amino acids are aliphatic amino acids such as valine and isoleucine, preferably in the L-form. Preferred alkyl acids include C 2

-C

4 alkyl acids, and fatty acids from Cl-C 2 2 such as lauryl, myristoyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl, eicasanoyl, behenoyl, myristoleic, myristelaidic, palmitoleic, palmitelaidic, n6-octadecenoic, oleic, elaidic, erucic or brassidic acids.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -7 A preferred group of compounds of formula (1) and formula (la) and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives of the compounds of formula (1) and formula (la) are those compounds of formula (4) X 5 N N N OR 5

NH

2 N N OR

OR

6 (4) 10 where: X is hydrogen or hydroxy;

R

5 and R 6 are the same or different and together with the oxygen atom to which they are attached form a hydroxy group, an ester, a carbonate, a carbamate, or a thiocarbonate; preferably a hydroxy or an ester; 15 and salts thereof. Examples of some compounds of formula (4) are shown in Table 1. Table 1 X R 5 R6 20 H H H OH H H H acetyl acetyl OH acetyl acetyl H acetyl H 25 OH acetyl H H valyl valyl WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -8 OH valyl valyl H valyl H OH valyl H H valyl acetyl 5 OH valyl acetyl H isoleucyl isoleucyl OH isoleucyl isoleucyl H isoleucyl acetyl OH isoleucyl acetyl 10 H valyl stearyl OH valyl stearyl H valyl octadecenyl OH valyl octadecenyl H isoleucyl stearyl 15 OH isoleucyl stearyl H isoleucyl octadecenyl OH isoleucyl octadecenyl H valyl palmityl OH valyl palmityl 20 H valyl elaidyl OH valyl elaidyl H isoleucyl palmityl OH isoleucyl palmityl H isoleucyl elaidyl 25 OH isoleucyl elaidyl H H stearyl OH H stearyl H H octadecenyl OH H octadecenyl 30 H H palmityl OH H palmityl H H elaidyl OH H elaidyl H H cholyl 35 OH H cholyl H valyl cholyl WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -9 OH valyl cholyl H propionyl propionyl OH propionyl propionyl H isopropionyl isopropionyl 5 OH isopropionyl isopropionyl H H butyryl OH H butyryl H butyryl butyryl OH butyryl butyryl 10 In yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a method for the manufacture of the compounds of formula (1), their salts and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives. The compounds may be prepared by reacting a purine derivative (2) with a compound of formula (3). The group R' of purine derivative (2) may be any group listed under R 1 for 15 the compound of formula (1) or any group that may be converted by methods known in the art to such groups, such groups include chlorine, bromine or iodine; and R 2 may be any group listed under R 2 for the compound of formula (1) or any group that may be converted by methods known in the art to such groups. In compound (3) Z is any suitable leaving group, such as methane sulfonate or bromine, and R 3 and R 4 are hydroxy or a 20 group that may be converted into hydroxy, such groups include ethers and esters. Methods for such conversion are known to those skilled in the art. R 3 and R 4 may be joined together to form an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered ring system. Ri N NR 25 N NR2Z H (2) (3) Compounds of formula (2) are commercially available or may be prepared by literature WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 10 procedures. Compounds of formula (3) may be prepared by literature procedures or along the lines of the procedures described in Steps A to C of Example 1, Steps A to E of the alternative route to Example 1, see Schemes 1 and 2 respectively. Those in the art will appreciate that a number of variations may be made to the methodology actually 5 exemplified. The procedure for manufacture of the compound of formula (3) outlined in Example 1 Scheme 1 is particularly useful and may be more broadly applicable to the synthesis of acyclic nucleoside analogues than is outlined in the specific example. The general procedure of Step B forms a further aspect of the present invention. Accordingly, 10 a symmetrical triol (5), preferably where n is 1 or 2, may be converted into a diester (6) by treatment with about one equivalent of a trialkylorthoester, preferably triethylorthoacetate, under appropriate conditions, followed by treatment with about one equivalent of water under appropriate conditions, followed by treatment with water under appropriate conditions. The diester may then be isolated by conventional procedures, 15 conveniently this is done via a careful neutralisation of the mixture with a mild base, for example sodium bicarbonate, followed by extraction into an organic solvent. Those skilled in the art may readily determine which conditions are appropriate in view of the particular triol and trialkylorthoester selected. (CH2)n-OH

(C

H2(-O H 20 HO-(CH2)n (CH2)n-OH RO-(CH,)n (C0)2 - O R -OR = an ester (5) (6) The remaining hydroxyl group on the diester (6) may be converted into a leaving 25 group, Z, to give diester compounds, which where n is 1 are of general formula (3).

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -11 Compounds of formula (6), such as 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol diacetate, and diester compounds including those of general formula (3), such as 3-acetoxy-2 acetoxymethylprop-1-yl methanesulfonate, are novel and form a further aspect of the invention. Preferably n is 1 in compound (5) and (6). 5 In accordance with conventional processes known in the art, the acyclic hydroxyl groups of compounds of formula (1) may be readily converted into esters, ethers or phosphate groups or a mixture of these groups on the acyclic chain. In some instances it may be useful to utilise protected intermediates of the compound of formula (1) in order to prepare the desired final derivative. Such intermediates may be prepared in accordance 10 with standard procedures and when no longer required the protecting groups removed using standard procedures, such as those described by Greene. Examples of suitable protecting groups are trimethylsilyl and monomethoxytrityl groups. Acylation and alkylation may be carried out using any conventional procedure such as those generally known in the art or described or referenced in the Third Edition of 15 March's Advanced Organic Chemistry published by Wiley-Interscience. Examples of acylating agents suitable for the process of acylating the compounds of formula (1) are carboxylic acids, acid halides and acid anhydrides. The reaction may be carried out in a conventional manner, for example in a solvent such as pyridine, dimethylformamide, etc., optionally in the presence of a coupling agent such as N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and 20 optionally in the presence of a catalytic base such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The product of the reaction may be isolated in a conventional manner. Examples of alkylating agents suitable for the process of alkylating compounds of formula (1) are alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and benzyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; and dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl and diethyl sulfate. 25 In the case of amino acids or their functional equivalents, for example acid halides, it may be advantageous, in order to avoid side reactions, to use amino protected derivatives of the amino acid or amino acid equivalent, for example benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives. Such derivatives are commercially available. The protecting groups may be removed utilising standard procedures.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 12 The acylation or alkylation reactions may produce a single derivative of compound (1), incorporating one or more acyl or alkyl groups, or may produce a mixture of compounds incorporating acyl or alkyl groups. The outcome depends on a number of factors, such as the relative amounts and chemical nature of the reactants, the physical 5 conditions of the reaction, and the solvent system. Any mixture produced in this way may be separated using standard techniques, preferably chromatography. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that it is possible to produce derivatives of compounds of formula (1) that may have a mixture of different acyl and/or alkyl groups. Such derivatives are within the scope of the present invention. 10 Protected intermediates of the compounds of formula (1) may also be used to prepare derivatives of compound (1) incorporating phosphate esters. The compounds of this invention may also be useful in combination with known antiviral or antiretroviral agents or other pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of viral infections. Representative examples of these additional pharmaceuticals include 15 immunomodulators, immunostimulants, and antibiotics. Exemplative anti-viral agents include AZT, 3TC, acyclovir, famciclovir, ddl, ddC, ganciclovir, saquanivir, loviride, other non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors and protease inhibitors. Exemplative immunomodulators and immunostimulants include various interleukins, cytokines, antibody preparations, blood transfusions and cell transfusions. Exemplative 20 antibiotics includes antifungal agents, antibacterial agents and anti-Pneumocystis carinii agents. If formulated as a fixed dose, such combination products employ the compounds of this invention in the dosage ranges described below and the other pharmaceutically active agent within its approved dosage range. The compounds of the invention may be used 25 sequentially with known anti-viral, anti-retroviral or pharmaceutical agents when a combination formulation is inappropriate. By an effective amount is meant a quantity of active compound which will upon single or multiple dose administration to the patient be effective in controlling the viral WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 13 infections, such as HBV, or in achieving a blood or tissue level in the patient that corresponds to a concentration of the active compound that has been shown to inhibit a virus, such as HBV, in an assay known to predict for clinical anti-viral activity of chemical compounds. For example the assay described by Korba and Gerin. 5 As used herein the term controlling the viral infections refers to slowing, interrupting, arresting or stopping its growth or replication and does not necessarily indicate a total elimination of the virus. Controlling the viral infections will be useful in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of such viral infections. 10 When a compound of the invention is administered to a human subject the daily dosage can normally be determined by the attending physician with the dosage generally varying according to the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, as well as the severity of the patient's symptoms. In general a suitable dose of the compound of the invention will be in the range of 0.1 to 50 mg per kilogram body weight of the recipient 15 per day, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 mg per kilogram body weight per day. The desired dose is preferably presented as two, three, four, five, six or more sub-doses administered at appropriate intervals throughout the day. These sub-doses may be administered in unit dosage forms, for example, containing 1 to 1000 mg, preferably 10 to 500 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form. 20 The compounds according to the invention, also referred to herein as the active ingredient, may be administered for therapy by any suitable route, including oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal). Preferably, administration will be by the oral route, however it will be appreciated that the preferred route will vary 25 with the condition and age of the recipient, the nature of the invention and the chosen active ingredient. When administered by the oral route a prodrug of the active compound which is more efficiently absorbed than the unmodified compound is generally preferred. The compositions of the present invention comprise the compound of formula (1), WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -14 optionally as a salt or other pharmaceutically acceptable derivative, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients therefor, and optionally other therapeutic agents. Each carrier, diluent or excipient must be pharmaceutically "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the composition 5 and not injurious to the patient. Compositions include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal) administration. The compositions may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing 10 into association the active ingredient with the carrier, diluent or excipient which includes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then if necessary shaping the product. Compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be 15 presented as discrete units such as capsules, sachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion. The active ingredient may also be presented as a bolus, electuary or paste. 20 Tablets may be made by compression or moulding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder (e.g. inert diluent, preservative disintegrant (e.g. sodium starch glycollate, cross-linked povidone, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) 25 surface-active or dispersing agent. Moulded tablets may be made by moulding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The tablets may optionally be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein using, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose in varying proportions to provide the desired release 30 profile. Tablets may optionally be provided with an enteric coating, to provide release in WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 15 parts of the gut other than the stomach. Compositions suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavoured base, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth gum; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert base such as gelatin 5 and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia gum; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier. Compositions for rectal administration may be presented as a suppository with a suitable base comprising, for example, cocoa butter. Compositions suitable for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, 10 tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations containing in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate. Compositions suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the composition isotonic with the blood of the 15 intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents. The compositions may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, for example, ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried lyophilisedd) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection 20 solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described. Preferred unit dosage compositions are those containing a daily dose or unit, daily sub-dose, as herein above recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of an active ingredient. 25 The compounds according to the invention may also be presented for use in the form of veterinary compositions, which may be prepared, for example, by methods that are conventional in the art. Examples of such veterinary compositions include those adapted for: WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 16 (a) oral administration, external application, for example drenches (e.g., aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions); tablets or boluses; powders, granules or pellets for admixture with feed stuffs; pastes for application to the tongue; 5 (b) parenteral administration for example by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection, e.g. as a sterile solution or suspension; (c) topical application, e.g. as a cream, ointment or spray applied to the skin; or (d) intravaginally, e.g. as a pessary, cream or foam. 10 It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients particularly mentioned above, the compositions of this invention may include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of composition in question, for example, those suitable for oral administration may include such further agents as sweeteners, thickeners and flavouring agents. 15 EXAMPLES Examples are provided to assist in the further understanding of the invention. Particular materials, and conditions employed are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limitative of the reasonable scope thereof. 20 2-Amino-6-chloropurine was obtained commercially in 98 % purity from Chugai Boyeki Co., Ltd. 2-Amino-6-chloropurine was converted to 2-amino-6-iodopurine according to the method of Bisacchi et al. Unreferenced reagents were obtained commercially and used as supplied, unless otherwise specified. 25 All temperatures are given in degrees Celsius.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 17 Example 1 Scheme 1 Reaction sequence described in Example 1 O OEt OH 0. 0 Step A,. OEt OEt OH OH Step B OMs OH Step C OAc OAc OAc OAc Step D I OH N N StepE N N

H

2 N N N OAc H 2 N N N OH 5 OAc OH WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 18 Step A 2-Hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol 5 A modified procedure of Harnden et al was used. To a solution of borane methylsulfide complex (10M) (14 ml, 0.14 mol) in toluene (65 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere, at gentle reflux, was added dropwise triethylmethane tricarboxylate (9.68 g, 0.0417 mol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 7.5 hr with distillation of dimethyl sulfide. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and 10 methanol (40 ml) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then the solvents were removed and the residue co evaporated with methanol repetitively. The residue was chromatographed on silica with 25% methanol in dichloromethane to afford 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol as a pale lemon oil (3.18 g, 72%). 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.60, septet, J = 15 5.5Hz, 1H; 3.40, t, J = 5.5Hz, 2H; 4.31, t, J = 5.5Hz, 3H. Step B 2-Hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol diacetate 20 To a solution of 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (3.18 g, 0.03 mol), trifluoroacetic acid (1.54 ml, 0.02 mol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (35 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere, was added triethylorthoacetate (6.09 ml, 0.033 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 hr then water (0.63 ml, 0.035 mol) was added. 25 The reaction mixture was stirred for a further 1.5 hr then triethylorthoacetate (6.26 ml, 0.034 mol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for a further 1.5 hr WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 19 then water (1.74 ml, 0.097 mol) was added. After 1 hr sodium bicarbonate was carefully added until the reaction mixture was neutralized. Water was added and the solution was extracted with dichloromethane (3x). The combined extracts were washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to afford 2 5 hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol diacetate as a colourless oil (4.50 g, 79%). 'H n.m.r. (CDCI 3 ) 2.06, s, 6H; 2.18, septet, J = 6Hz, 1H, 2.54, br s, 1H, 3.62, d, J = 6Hz, 2H; 4.15, d, J = 6Hz, 4H. Step C 10 3-Acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl methanesulfonate A solution of 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol diacetate (4.49 g, 0.0236 mol) in dichloromethane (40 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere, was cooled to -5'. 15 Triethylamine (4.93 ml, 0.0354 mol) was added, followed by dropwise addition of a solution of methanesulfonyl chloride (2.19 ml, 0.0283 mol) in dichloromethane (20 ml). The reaction was stirred a further 2 hr at 0 then warmed to room temperature. The reaction mixture was washed with 1.5M hydrochloric acid ( 3 x 30 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution ( 30 ml) and brine ( 30 ml), dried 20 over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to afford 3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop 1-yl methanesulfonate as a pale brown oil (5.02 g, 79% ). 'H n.m.r. (CDCl 3 ) 2.0, s, 6H; 2.48, septet, J = 6Hz, 1H; 3.03, s, 3H; 4.07 - 4.24, m, 4H; 4.29, d, J = 6Hz, 2H. 25 Step D 9-[3-Acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-iodopurine WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 20 A mixture of 3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl methanesulfonate (5.02 g, 0.0187 mol), 2-amino-6-iodopurine (4.66 g, 0.0178 mol) and potassium carbonate (7.38 g, 0.0534 mol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (250 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere, was stirred at 60' for 2 days. The N,N-dimthylformamide was 5 removed in vacuo, water was added and the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 ml). The extracts were washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, then filtered through a plug of silica, washing thoroughly with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated to give the crude product as a yellow solid (5.96 g). This was recrystallised from methanol and diethyl ether to afford 9 10 [3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-iodopurine as pale lemon crystals (4.43 g, 55%). 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.95, s, 6H; 2.56 - 2.78, m, 1H; 3.90 4.10, m, 4H; 4.12, d, J = 7Hz, 2H; 6.83, s, 2H; 8.09, s, 1H. Step E 15 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- 1 -yl]-guanine 9-[3-Acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop- 1 -yl]-2-amino-6-iodopurine (2.5 g, 0.00576 mol ) in 1.5M hydrochloric acid was heated at reflux for 3 hr. The reaction 20 mixture was cooled to room temperature and the pH adjusted to 14 with sodium hydroxide. The reaction mixture was stirred for a further 1.5 hr, then neutralized with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The resulting precipitate was filtered off and recrystallised from water to afford 9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine (1.267 g, 92%) as colourless fluffy crystals. M.p. 294 - 296'. 'H n.m.r. 25 (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.9 - 2.05, m, 1H; 3.3, t, J = 5.5 Hz, 4H; 3.95, d, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H; 4.6, t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H; 6.5, s, 2H; 7.6, s, 1H; 10.1, s, 1H.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -21 Example 1 (Alternate Route) Scheme 2 Diagramatic representation of the alternate reaction sequence.

HOH

2 C CO 2 Et H3C St H3 O )C2Et

HOH

2 C > CO 2 Et H 3 C H 3 C 0 CO2Et Step B

H

3 C > -- CO 2 H ,Step C H 3 C >_ O-- CO 2 H

H

3 C H 3 C Co 2 H Step D

H

3 C 0Step E_ H 3 C 0

H

3 C 0-- D-2

H

3 C --

OSO

2 CH 3 CI Step F

NH

2 N N H OH CI N NN NStepG

H

2 N N N OH NH 2 N N

CH

3 5HCH 3 5 OH O C3 WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 22 Step A 5,5-Dicarboxyethyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane 5 5,5-Dicarboxyethyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane was prepared according to a modified method of Eliel et al. A solution of diethyl bis(hydroxymethyl)malonate (25.0 g, 0.113 mol), isobutylaldehyde (0.226 mol, 20.6 ml) and p-toluene sulfonic acid (0.300 g) in petroleum spirit (50 ml) was heated at reflux and water collected in a Dean-Stark 10 apparatus. The petroleum spirit was removed and the product distilled to afford 5,5 dicarboxyethyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane (22.5 g, 73%) as a colourless oil. B.p. 103 /0.15 mm Hg. 'H n.m.r. (CDC1 3 ) 0.9, d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H; 1.2, t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H; 1.3, t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H; 1.7- 1.85, m, 1H; 3.9, d, JAB = 11.5 Hz, 2H; 4.15, q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H; 4.22, d, J = 4.8 Hz, 'H; 4.3, q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H; 4.7, d, JAB = 11.5 Hz, 2H. 15 Step B 5,5-Dicarboxylic-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane 20 5,5-Dicarboxylic-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane was synthesised from 5,5 dicarboxyethyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane (20.0 g, 72.9 mmol) according to the method of Eliel et al. The crude product was re-crystallised from ethyl acetate and petroleum spirit to give 5,5-dicarboxylic-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane (14.1 g, 80%) as a colourless solid. M.p. 143.5 - 1450. 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.8, d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H; 1.55 - 1.75, m, 25 1H; 3.8, d, JAB = 11.3 Hz, 2H; 4.3, d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H; 4.5, d, JAB = 11.3 Hz, 2H; 12.8, br s, 2H.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 23 Step C 5-Carboxy-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane 5 5-Carboxy-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane was synthesised from 5,5-dicarboxylic-2 isopropyl-1,3-dioxane (15.7 g, 64.8 mmol) according to the method of Eliel et al. The crude product was re-crystallised from ethyl acetate and petroleum spirit to give 5 carboxy-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane (9.75 g, 76%) as a colourless solid. M.p. 131-1340. 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.8, d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H; 1.6 - 1.8, m, 1H; 2.7 - 2.85, m, 1H; 10 3.65, t, JAB= 11.5 Hz, 2H; 4.15, t, JAB= 10.1 Hz, 2H; 4.2, t, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H. Step D 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane 15 To a solution of 5-carboxy-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane (8.75 g, 44.1 mmol) in anhydrous diethyl ether (65 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere, was added borane methylsulfide complex (9.0 ml, O10M, 90 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 1 hr, cooled to room temperature and quenched with water (20 ml) and 20 methanol (30 ml). The methanol was removed and the aqueous phase extracted several times with diethyl ether. The combined diethyl ether extracts were washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and the solvent removed to give 5-hydroxymethyl-2 isopropyl-1,3-dioxane (6.50 g, 80%) as a colourless oil. 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.85, d,J = 7 Hz, 6H; 1.6 - 1.8, m, 1H; 1.85 - 2.05, m, 1H; 3.2, t, JAB = 11.3 Hz, 2H; 3.3 25 -3.45, m, 4H; 4.15, d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 24 Step E 2-Isopropyl-5-(methanesulfoxy)methyl-1,3-dioxane 5 2-Isopropyl-5-(methanesulfoxy)methyl- 1,3-dioxane was synthesised from 5 carboxy-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane (7.30 g, 39.6 mmol) according to the method used for 3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl methanesulfonate to give the product as a colourless oil (10.1 g, 97%). 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.85, d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H; 1.6- 1.8, m, 1H; 2.15 - 2.35, m, 1H; 3.2, s, 3H; 3.5, t, JAB = 11.3 Hz, 2H; 4.0 - 4.15, m, 4H; 4.2, d, J 10 = 4.8 Hz, 1H. Step F 2-Amino-6-chloro-9-[(2-isopropyl- 1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]purine 15 2-Amino-6-chloro-9-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]purine was synthesised from 2-isopropyl-5-(methanesulfoxy)methyl-1,3-dioxane (10.1 g, 38.5 mmol) according to method used for 9-[3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-iodopurine to give the product as a colourless solid (4.80 g, 40%). M.p. 204 - 205'. 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 20 0.85, d, J = 7Hz, 6H; 1.6- 1.75, m, 1H; 2.4 - 2.55, m, 1H; 3.45, t, J = 11.3 Hz, 2H; 3.85 -4.0, m, 4H; 4.2, d, J = 5 Hz, 1H; 6.9, s, 2H; 8.1, s, 1H. " 3 C n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 16.8, 31.9, 34.3, 41.4, 68.6, 104.5, 123.3, 143.1, 149.4, 154.2, 159.7. Mass spectrum: m/z 312 ((M + 1)+, 100%), 340 ((M+29)+, 15), 314 ((M+3)+, 30), 313 ((M+2)+, 18), 276 (20). Accurate mass: found 312.1209 (M+1)+, 25 C1 3

H

9

N

5 02C1, required 312.1227.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 25 Step G 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- l-yl]-guanine 5 9-[1-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylpropyl]guanine was synthesised from 2-amino-6 chloro-9-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]purine (1.28 g, 4.11 mmol) according to the method used for 9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]-guanine (step E above) to afford the product as a colourless solid (0.60 g, 61%). M.p. 285o dec. 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d6) 1.9 - 2.05, m, 1H; 3.3, t, J = 5.5 Hz, 4H; 3.95, d, JJ = 7.0 Hz, 2H; 10 4.6, t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H; 6.5, s, 2H; 7.6, s, 1H; 10.1, s, 1H. 13C n.m.r.(DMSO-d6) 41.5, 43.6, 58.9, 116.3, 138.1, 151.3, 153.4, 156.8. Mass spectrum: m/z 340 ((M+1)+, 100%), 368 ((M+29)+, 20), 341 ((M+2)+, 12). Example 2 15 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-methoxypurine A mixture of 9-[3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1l-yl]-2-amino-6-iodopurine (307 mg, 0.708 mmol ) , sodium hydroxide (7.75 g, 194 mmol), methanol (30 ml) and water 20 (3 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 18 hr. The reaction mixture was neutralised with aqueous HCI and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. Hot methanol was added to the residue and the solution decanted off and filtered through a short silica column. The filtrate was concentrated and recrystallised from water to afford 9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-methoxypurine as colourless crystals 25 ( 179 mg, quantitative). 'H nmr (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.93 - 2.16, m, 1H; 3.22 - 3.40, m, 4H; 3.95, s, 3H; 4.19, d, J = 7Hz, 2H; 4.69, t, J = 5Hz, 2H; 6.45, s, 2H; 7.79, s, 1H.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 26 Example 3 9-[3-Acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-hydrazino-purine 5 A mixture of 9-[3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-iodopurine (300 mg, 0.69 mmol), hydrazine hydrate (85%, 210l, 6.68 mmol) and ethanol (35 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere, was stirred at reflux for 3 hr and then at room temperature for 16 hr. The resulting colourless solid was filtered off, washing well with ethanol and dried in 10 vacuo to afford 9-[3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-hydrazino-purine (196 mg, 84%). 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.98, s, 6H; 2.54 - 2.77, m, 1H; 3.87 - 4.08, m, 4H; 4.05, d, J = 7Hz, 2H; 4.40, br s, 2H; 5.89, br s, 2H; 7.67, s, 1H; 8.40, s, 1H. Example 4 15 2-Amino-6-hydrazino-9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl] purine A mixture of 9-[3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1l-yl]-2-amino-6-iodopurine (300 mg, 0.69 mmol), hydrazine hydrate (85%, 700/1, 22.27 mmol) and ethanol (35 ml) 20 under a nitrogen atmosphere, was stirred at reflux for 6 hr and then at room temperature for 16 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness and the residue recrystallised from water to afford 2-amino-6-hydrazino-9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1 yl]purine (86 mg, 49%) as cream crystals. 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.90 - 2.12, m, 1H; 3.20 - 3.40, m, 4H; 3.98, d, J = 7Hz, 2H; 4.42, br s, 2H; 4.74, t, J = 5Hz, 2H; 5.98, 25 s, 2H; 7.62, s, 1H; 8.45, s, 1H.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 27 Example 5 2-Amino-9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1l-yl]-6-iodopurine 5 A mixture of 9-[3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-iodopurine (304 mg, 0.70 mmol) and methanolic ammonia (10 ml) were stirred for 2 hr in a stoppered flask. The stopper was removed and the reaction mixture left to stand for 16 hr. The reaction mixture was filtered giving 2-amino-9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1l-yl]-6 10 iodopurine (201 mg, 82%) as colourless needles. 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.96 - 2.19, m, 1H; 3.25 - 3.43, m, 4H; 4.01, d, J = 7Hz, 2H; 4.61, t, J = 5Hz, 2H; 6.84, s, 2H; 8.02, s, 1H. 15 Example 6 2,6-Diamino-9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- 1 -yl]purine 20 A mixture of 9-[3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-iodopurine (299 mg, 0.69 mmol) and methanolic ammonia (10 ml) were stirred for 18 hr in a bomb at 100'. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and after 1 hr a precipitate formed. This was filtered off and dried in vacuo to afford 2,6-diamino-9-[3-hydroxy-2 hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]purine (128 mg, 78%) as colourless crystals. 1 H n.m.r. 25 (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.90 - 2.10, m, 1H; 3.20 - 3.40, m, 4H; 3.96, d, J = 6.5Hz, 4.75, t, J = WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 28 5Hz, 2H; 5.84, s, 2H; 6.70, s, 2H; 7.78, s, 1H. Example 7 5 2-(Dimethylaminomethylene)amino-9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- 1-yl]guanine A mixture of 9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]-guanine (200 mg, 0.84 mmol), N,N-dimethylformamnide dimethyl acetal (1.5 ml, 11.3 mmol) and N,N dimethylformamide (20 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere was stirred at room temperature 10 for 2 days. Solvents were removed in vacuo at 600 and the residue was recrystallised from ethanol to afford 2-(dimethylaminomethylene)amino-9-[3-hydroxy-2 hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]guanine (180 mg, 73%) as colourless crystals. 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.95 - 2.17, m, 1H; 3.03, s, 3H; 3.15, s, 3H; 3.21 - 3.47, m, 4H; 4.03, d, J = 7Hz, 2H; 4.62, t, J = 5Hz, 2H; 7.74, s, 1H; 8.53, s, 1H; 11.26, br s, 1H. 15 Example 8 2-Amino-9- [(2-isopropyl- 1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]purine 20 A mixture of 2-amino-6-chloro-9-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]purine (350 mg, 1.12 mmol), triethylamine (172 pl, 1.23 mmol), 10% palladium on carbon (35 mg) and ethanol (5 ml) was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen for 3 days. The reaction mixture was then filtered through GFA paper washing copiously with dichloromethane. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness, dissolved in dichloromethane, 25 washed with water (2 x) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 29 2-amino-9-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]purine (260 mg, 84%) as a colourless solid. 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.83, d, J = 7Hz, 6H; 2.35 - 2.63, m, 1H; 3.45, t, J = 11Hz, 2H; 3.87, d, J = 7Hz, 2H; 3.82 - 3.95, m, 2H; 4.17, d, J = 5Hz, 1H; 6.53, s, 2H; 8.02, s, 1H; 8.57, s, 1H. 5 Example 9 2-Amino-9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- 1 -yl]purine 10 2-Amino-9-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]purine (160 mg, 0.58 mmol) was stirred in trifluoroacetic acid (5 ml) for 2 hr. After this time a few drops of water was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for a further 3 hr. Solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was neutralized with saturated sodium bicarbonate. The solution was concentrated to dryness and hot methanol was added. The solution was decanted and 15 passed through a short silica column. The crude material was then hplc chromatographed with 2% acetonitrile in water as the eluting solvent . The fractions containing the desired product were combined and freeze dried to afford 2-amino-9-[3-hydroxy-2 hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]purine (70 mg, 55%) as a fluffy colourless solid. 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.00 - 2.20, m, 1H, 3.20 -3.40, m, 4H; 4.06, d, J = 7Hz, 2H; 4.68, br s, 20 2H; 6.53, s, 2H; 8.00, s, 1H; 8.57, s, 1H. 25 WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -30 Example 10 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- l-yl] -guanine sodium salt 5 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- 1 -yl]-guanine (147.5 mg, 0.616 mmol) was dissolved in aqueous sodium hydroxide (1.0 M, 616 p1, 0.616 mmol). The solution was filtered, washing with a small amount of water, then freeze dried to afford 9-[3-hydroxy 2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]-guanine sodium salt (160.7 mg, quantitative) as a fluffy colourless solid. 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.78 - 2.02, m, 1H; 3.06 - 3.29, m, 4H; 3.91, 10 d, J = 6Hz, 2H; 5.16, br s, 2H; 5.42, br s, 2H; 7.32, s, 1H. Example 11 9-[3-Acetoxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1 -yl] -guanine 15 To a solution of 9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]-guanine (1.0 g, 4.18 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere, was added trifluoroacetic acid(510 p1, 6.63 mmol) and triethylorthoacetate (790 pl, 4.31 mmol) resulting in a cloudy mixture. The reaction was monitored by hplc (5 % acetonitrile in 20 water) and more triethylorthoacetate (720 p1, 3.92 mmol) was added portionwise until the reaction was complete. Water (243 pl, 13,5 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred for a further 1.5 hr. The reaction mixture was neutralised with sodium bicarbonate and solvent was removed at room temperature. The crude product was recrystallised from water to give a colourless product (901 mg). This was preadsorbed and flash 25 chromatographed on silica eluting with 10%, 15% and 17 % methanol in dichloromethane. The fractions containing pure product were combined and concentrated WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -31 to afford 9-[3-acetoxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]-guanine (520 mg, 44 %) as a colourless solid. 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.94, s, 3H; 2.20 - 2.40, m, 1H; 3.26 - 3.43, m, 2H; 3.84 - 4.03, m, 4H; 4.82, t, J = 5Hz, 1H; 6.46, s, 2H; 7.64, s, 1H; 10.58, s, 1H. 5 Example 12 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- l-yl]-guanine triphosphate tetraammonium salt 10 The procedure used for the preparation followed that of Ludwig et al. A solution of 2 chloro-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin-4-one (150 mg, 0.74 mmol) in dry dioxane (2 ml) was added dropwise to the stirred 9-[3-acetoxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- l-yl]-guanine (187.8 mg, 0.668 mmol, dried under high vac. at 85oC for ca. 7-8 h) in dry N,N dimethylformamide (10 ml) and dry pyridine (2 ml) over approximately 5 min. Stirring 15 was continued for 0.75 hr. Bis[(tri-n-butyl)ammonium]pyrophosphate hemi DMF (590 mg; 1.0 mmol) dissolved in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (2.5 ml) containing dry n Bu 3 N(0.75 ml) was then added dropwise to the stirred solution. After ca. 2.5 h stirring at room temperature, the yellow reaction solution was treated 20 dropwise with iodine solution (9.5 ml) made by dissolving iodine (3.56 g) in pyridine (200 ml ) and water (5 ml). The slight excess of iodine added was destroyed on addition of a few drops of 5% NaHSO 3 solution. After stirring for ca. 1.5 hr at room temperature, the solvent was removed below 300 to 25 give an orange-yellowish oil which was treated with 25 ml water at room temperature for 1 h with strong stirring. Concentrated NH 4 OH (50 ml) was added and the reaction WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -32 mixture was stirred for 3 hr at room temperature before removing the NH 4 OH solution at 25 0 C. The semi-solid product was treated twice with acetone to give a pale yellow solid (0.56 g). The product (0.5 g) was dissolved in a little water, centrifuged and made up to 5 ml in 5 volume and HPLC chromatographed in lots of 0.5 ml eluting with water (flow rate of 12 ml/min) The fractions between 13-14 mins and 18-19 mins were collected and were freeze dried to give a pale yellow solid (320 mg). The material was dissolved in water (4 ml) and re-chromatographed in 0.5 ml lots. For each fraction the leading and trailing section of the peak containing the triphosphate was 10 cut. This was repeated a further 4 times. Finally the product was dialysed (100 MWCO tubing, 6.5 h, H 2 0) before again purifying by HPLC. This treatment removed a small amount of phosphorus impurity (small 31 P nmr peak at 6 +0.93), due, presumably, to some inorganic phosphate. 15 'H nmr (D 2 0); 8 2.41, s, 1H; 3.60, d, J=5.38 Hz, 2H; overlapping doublets 4.00, d, J=4.98 Hz and 4.17, d, J=5.76 Hz, 4H; 7.87, s, 0.8H. 3P nmr (D 2 0): In the nmr of the crude triphosphate the phosphate peaks were the best defined; viz. P, (t, 6-21.16, Jpp= 19.66 Hz); P, (doublet of triplets at 13-9.87 (Jpp 19.40 20 Hz; JpH 5.39 Hz); Pa (d, 6-5.96; Jpp 20.01 HZ). The 31 P nmr peaks broadened and moved on HPLC purification so that the purified sample had two broad "P peaks at 6 9.96 (Pca+Pa) and 6-22.07 (P3) of intensity ratio 2:1. 25 WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -33 Example 13 2-Amino-6-cyclopropylamino-9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]purine 5 A mixture of 9-[3-acetyloxy-2-acetyloxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-iodopurine (557 mg, 1.24 mmol) and cyclopropylamine (1.0 ml, 14.4 mmol)) were stirred for 18 hr in a bomb at 800. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated to give a crude orange oil (989 mg). A portion of this was then hplc chromatographed with 3% acetonitrile in water as the eluting solvent . The fractions containing the desired product were combined 10 and freeze dried to afford 2-amino-6-cyclopropylamino-9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop 1-yl]purine as yellow oil which solidified on standing. 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.55 - 0.76. m, 4H; 1.91 - 2.12, m, 1H; 2.95 - 3.13, m, 1H; 3.21 - 3.45, m, 4H; 3.97, d,,J = 7 Hz, 2H; 4.75, t, .1 = 5 Hz, 2H; 5.91, br s, 2H; 7.09, d, J = 5 Hz, 1H; 7.62, s, 1H. 15 Example 14 9-[3 -Acetyloxy-2-acetyloxymethylprop- I -yl]-2-aminopurine 9-[3-Acetyloxy-2-acetyloxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-aminopurine was prepared according to the 20 method of Example 8 from 9-[3-acetyloxy-2-acetyloxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6 iodopurine (5.0 g, 11.5 mmol), triethylamine (1.76 ml, 12.65 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (500 mg) in ethanol (200 ml). Yield: 2.33 g (66%). 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.93, s, 6H; 2.59 - 2.80, m, 1H; 3.96, dd, J = 5.6 & 11.4 Hz, 2H; 4.03, dd, J= 5.6 & 11.4 Hz, 2H; 4.15, d, J = 7 Hz, 2H; 6.49, br s, 2H; 8.04, s, 1H; 8.57, s, 1H. 25 WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -34 Example 15 9- [3-Acetyloxy-2-acetyloxymethylprop- 1 -yl]-guanine 5 A mixture of 9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1 -yl]-guanine (560 mg, 2.34 mmol) and 4 dimethylaminopyridine (50 mg) in acetic anhydride (15 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 16 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness and the residue was partitioned between water and chloroform. The resulting solid was filtered off and recrystallised from methanol to afford 9-[3-acetyloxy-2-acetyloxymethylprop- l-yl]-guanine as colourless 10 crystals (593 mg, 78%). 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.97, s, 6H; 2.53 - 2.70, m, 1H; 3.87 4.09, m, 6H; 6.42, br s, 2H; 7.67, s, 1H; 10.56, br s, 1H. Example 16 & 17 15 9-[2-L-Valyloxymethyl-3-L-valyloxyprop- l-yl]-guanine bishydrochloride salt and 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-L-valyloxymethylprop- l-yl]-guanine hydrochloride salt A mixture of 9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]-guanine (3.02 g, 12.6 mmol), N benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyl-N-carboxy anhydride (Z-L-valyl-NCA) (purchased from Isochem 20 or SNPE North American Inc.) (3.69 g, 13.32 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (75 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide (75 ml), under a nitrogen atmosphere, was stirred at room temperature for 16 hr. HPLC analysis indicated incomplete reaction. A further portion of Z L-valyl-NCA (1.84 g, 6.67 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred a further 24 hr. Concentrated to dryness and ethyl acetate was added to precipitate out unreacted 9 25 [3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]-guanine. The filtrate was concentrated, preadsorbed onto silica and flash chromatographed on silica with 5%, 7%, 10% & 15% methanol in dichloromethane as the eluting solvents. Fractions containing a single spot on tlc were combined to give 9-[2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyloxymethyl)-3-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L valyloxyprop-1-yl] guanine as a colourless solid (2.54 g). 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.86, d, WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 35 12H; 1.85 - 2.15, m, 2H; 2.51 - 2.70, m, 1H; 3.80 - 4.18, m, 8H; 5.04, s, 4H; 6.41, br s, 2H; 7.31, br s, 10H; 7.59, s, 1H; 7.75, d, J = 8 Hz, 2H; 10.62, s, 1H. The remaining fractions were combined and rechromatographed with 5%, 7%, 10% & 15% 5 methanol in dichloromethane as the eluting solvents to give a further 229 mg of the divalyl compound and a colourless solid (880 mg). This was dissolved in dichloromethane then washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2x) and brine, then dried over magnesium sulfate to give 9-[2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyloxy methyl)-3-hydroxyprop-1l-yl] guanine as a colourless foamy solid (266 mg) 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.86, d, .J = 6.8 Hz, 6H; 1.88 10 2.11, m, 1H; 2.20 - 2.39, m, 1H; 3.21 - 3.43, m, 2H; 3.78 - 4.10, m, 5H; 4.82, t, J= 5 Hz, 1H; 5.04, s, 2H; 6.46, br s, 2H; 7.34, br s, 5H; 7.61, d, J= 3 Hz, 1H; 7.65 - 7.75, m, 1H; 10.59, br s, 1H. 9-[2-L-Valyloxymethyl-3-L-valyloxyprop-1-yl] guanine bishydrochloride salt 15 A mixture of 9-[2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyloxymethyl)-3-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L valyloxyprop-1-yl]guanine (858 mg, 1.22 mmol), IM aqueous hydrochloric acid (2.44 ml, 2.43 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (215 mg) in ethanol (50 ml) was stirred in an atmosphere of hydrogen for 3 hr. The reaction mixture was filtered through GFA paper 20 washing copiously with ethanol. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness at 40o. The residue was taken up in water and filtered through a short column packed with GFA paper, Celite 577 and more GFA paper. The filtrate was freeze dried to give 9-[2-L-valyloxymethyl-3-L valyloxyprop-1-yl] guanine bishydrochloride salt as a cream solid (517 mg, 83%). 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.87 - 1.02, m, 12H; 2.05 - 2.30, m, 2H; 2.60 - 2.80, m, 1H; 3.85, dd, J = 4.6 25 & 11.1 Hz, 2H; 4.00 - 4.32, m, 6H; 6.59, s, 2H; 7.78. s, 1H; 8.63, br s, 6H; 10.78, br s, 1H.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -36 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-L-valyloxymethylprop- 1 -yl]guanine hydrochloride salt 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-L-valyloxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine hydrochloride salt was prepared according to the method of Example 16 from 9-[2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyloxy 5 methyl)-3-hydroxyprop-1-yl]-guanine (212 mg, 0.45 mmol), IM aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.45 ml, 0.45 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (56 mg) in ethanol (15 ml) to give the product as a colourless fluffy solid (162 mg, 96%). 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.96, dd, J= 7.2 & 11.9 Hz, 6H; 2.00 - 2.25, m, 1H; 2.25 - 2.47, m, 1H; 3.31 - 3.51, m, 2H; 3.82, dd, J 4,6 & 13.5 Hz, 1H; 3.96 - 4.14, m, 4H; 4.91, br s, 1H; 6.59, br s, 2H; 7.69, s, 1H; 8.52, br s, 10 3H; 10.72, br s, 1H. Example 18 9-[3-Acetoxy-2-L-valyloxymethyl)prop- I -yl]-guanine hydrochloride salt 15 A mixture of 9-[3-acetloxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine (330 mg, 1.17 mmol), Z-L valyl-NCA (358 mg, 1.29 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (30 mg) in N,N dimethylformamide (20 ml), under a nitrogen atmosphere, was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The reaction mixture was concentratred to dryness and the residue preadsorbed 20 onto silica and flash chromatographed with 10% methanol in dichloromethane. Fractions containing the desired product were combined and concentrated to give 9-[3-acetoxy-2-(N benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyloxy methyl)prop-1-yl] guanine as a colourless solid (313 mg, 52%). 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.87, d, J= 7Hz, 6H; 1.97, s, 3H; 1.88 - 2.13, m, IH; 2.53 - 2.71, m, 1H; 3.82 - 4.15, m, 7H; 5.04, s, 2H; 6.43, br s, 2H; 7.35, br s, 5H; 7.63, d, J = 3.6 25 Hz, 1H; 7.75, d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H. 9-[3-Acetoxy-2-L-valyloxymethyl)prop- 1-yl]-guanine hydrochloride salt was prepared according to the method of Example 16 from 9-[3-acetoxy-2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L- WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -37 valyloxymethyl)prop-1-yl]-guanine (201 mg, 0.39 mmol), IM aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.39 ml, 0.39 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (62 mg) in ethanol (10 ml) to give the product as a colourless fluffy solid (162 mg, quantitative). 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.95, dd, J = 3.8 & 6.8 Hz, 6H; 1.99, s, 3H; 2.03 - 2.25, m, 1H; 2.57 - 2.78, m, 1H; 3.84, dd, J- 4.7 5 & 10.2 Hz, 1H; 3.93 - 4.23, m, 6H; 6.54, br s, 2H; 7.71, s, 1H; 8.33, br s, 3H; 10.71, br s, 1H. Example 19 10 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-palmityloxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine Palmitoyl chloride (2.07 g, 7.53 mmol) was dissolved in dry dichloromethane and made up to a volume of 10 ml and used as a stock solution. To a suspension of 9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine (1.0 g, 4.18 mmol) in 15 pyridine (20 ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide (10ml), under a nitrogen atmosphere, was added the stock solution of palmitoyl chloride (3.5 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 hr at room temperature and a further aliquot (3.5 ml) of stock solution was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hr ahid the final aliquot of stock solution was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 more days, the solvents were removed in vacuo at 60o. 20 The crude solid (3.7 g) was preadsorbed and flash chromatographed on silica eluting with 5% to 23% methanol in dichloromethane. The fractions containing pure product were combined to give 9-[3-hydroxy-2-palmityloxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine as a colourless solid (595 mg). 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.85, t, J= 6.8 Hz, 3H; 1.12 - 1.38, m, 24H; 1.33 1.60, m, 2H; 2.19, q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H; 3.32 - 3.40, m, 2H; 3.95, t, J = 6 Hz, 2H; 4.07 - 4.20, 25 m, 2H; 4.87, br s, 1H; 6.65, br s, 2H; 7.63, s, 1H; 10.76, br s, 1H. Example 20 WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 38 9-[3-Palmityloxy-2-L-valyloxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine hydrochloride salt A mixture of 9-[3-hydroxy-2-palmityloxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine (534 mg, 1.12 mmol), Z L-valyl-NCA (620 mg, 2.24 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (25 mg) in N,N 5 dimethylformamide (25 ml), under a nitrogen atmosphere, was stirred at room temperature for 16 hr. Solvent was removed in vacuo at 600 and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The layers were separated and the aqueous was extracted twice more with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2x) and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated 10 to give the crude product as a colourless oil (509 mg). This was flash chromatographed on silica eluting with 5% methanol in dichloromethane. The fractions containing the pure product were combined to give 9-[3-palmityloxy-2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L valyloxymethyl)prop-1-yl] guanine as a colourless foamy solid (290 mg). 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.75-0.95, m, 9H; 1.22, br s, 24H; 1.33 - 1.60, m, 2H; 1.90- 2.15, m, 1H; 15 2.23, t, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H; 2.50 - 2.75, m, 1H; 3.85 - 4.14, m, 7H; 5.04, s, 2H; 6.45, br s, 5H; 7.62, d, J 3.8 Hz, 1H; 7.74, d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H; 10.66, br s, 1H. 9-[3-Palmityloxy-2-L-valyloxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine hydrochloride salt was prepared according to the method of Example 16 from 9-[3-palmityloxy-2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L 20 valyloxymethyl)prop-1-yl] guanine (174 mg, 0.24 mmol), IM aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.24 ml, 0.24 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (50 mg) in ethanol (10 ml) to give the product as a colourless fluffy solid (124 mg, 84%). 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.78 - 0.98, m, 9H; 1.22, br s, 24H; 1.37 - 1.58, m, 2H; 1.99 - 2.22, m, 1H; 2.25, t, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H; 2.55 2.76, m, 1H; 3.74, dd, J= 4.8 & 10.0 Hz, 1H; 3.90- 4.20, m, 6H; 6.51, br s, 2H; 7.30 25 8.10, br s, 3H; 7.69, s, 1H; 10.88, br s, 1H.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -39 Example 21 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-cholyloxymethylprop- 1 -yl]-guanine 5 To a solution of cholic acid (1.71 g, 4.18 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (567 mg, 4.39 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (25 ml), under a nitrogen atmosphere, at 100, was added ethyl chloroformate (400g, 4.18 mmol) This was stirred for 30 minutes, then a mixture of 9 [3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine (1.0 g, 4.18 mmol) in N,N dimethylformamide (100 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for a further 2 10 days. HPLC analysis (70% methanol in water) indicated - 20 - 30% product had formed. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness and methanol was added to precipitate out unreacted 9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- I -yl] guanine. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness to give a yellow oil (2.0 g), which was purified by semi-preparative HPLC eluting with 70% methanol in water. 9-[3-Hydroxy-2-cholyloxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine was 15 obtained as a colourless glassy solid (124 mg). 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.57, s, 3H; 0.80, s, 3H; 0.70 - 2.40, m, 27H; 3.08 - 3.28, m, 2H; 3.37, d, J= 5.2 Hz, 2H; 3.61, s, 1H; 3.78, s, 1H; 3.87 - 4.05, m, 5H; 4.12, d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H; 4.33, d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H; 4.82, t, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H; 6.52, s, 2H; 7.63, s, 1H; 10.74, br s, 1H. 20 Example 22 9-[3-Cholyloxy-2-L-valyloxy-methylprop-1-yl] guanine hydrochloride salt 9-[2-(N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyloxy-3-cholyloxymethylprop- 1-yl]-guanine was prepared 25 according to the method of Example 20 from crude 9-[3-hydroxy-2-cholyloxymethylprop-1 yl]-guanine (1.21 g, 1.92 mmol), Z-L-valyl-NCA (0.99 g, 3.57 mmol) and 4 dimethylaminopyridine (20 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 ml). The crude material was flash chromatographed on silica eluting with 10% methanol in dichloromethane. The fractions containing the pure product were combined to give 9-[2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L- WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 40 valyloxy-3-cholyloxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine as a colourless foamy solid (258 mg). 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.57, s, 3H; 0.80, s, 3H; 0.74 - 2.40, m, 34 H; 2.50 - 2.78, m, 1H; 3.05 - 3.30, m, 2H; 3.60, s, 1H; 3.77, s, 1H; 3.83 - 4.20, m, 8H; 4.33, d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H; 5.04, s, 2H; 6.44, br s, 2H; 7.34, br s, SH; 7.62, d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H; 7.74, d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H; 10.61, 5 brs, 1H. 9-[3-Cholyloxy-2-L-valyloxy-methylprop-1l-yl] guanine hydrochloride salt was prepared according to the method of Example 16 from 9-[2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyloxy-3 cholyloxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine (248 mg, 0.29 mmol), IM aqueous hydrochloric acid 10 (0.29 ml, 0.29 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (30 mg) in ethanol (10 ml) to give the product as a cream solid (185 mg, 84%). 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.57, s, 3H; 0.80, s, 3H; 0.74 - 2.40, m, 34H; 2.50 -2.78, m, 1H; 3.05 - 3.30, m, 2H; 3.60, s, 1H; 3.77, s, 1H; 3.85, dd, J= 4.6 & 10.5 Hz, 1H; 3.93 - 4.26, m, 7H; 4.34, d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H; 6.56, br s, 2H; 7.71, s, 1H; 8.25 - 8.80, br s, 15 3H; 10.72, br s, 1H. Example 23 9-[2-Elaidyloxy-3-hydroxy-methylprop- 1 -yl] guanine 20 9-[2-Elaidyloxy-3-hydroxy-methylprop-1-yl] guanine was prepared according to the method of Example 19 from 9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine (1.3 g, 5.43 mmol), elaidoyl chloride (3.1 g, 9.70 mmol) dissolved in dry dichloromethane (7 ml), in pyridine (25 ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide (12 ml) After work-up, some elaidic acid was removed by 25 distillation, to give a crude yellow solid (2.14 g). This was chromatographed on silica eluting with 7.5% methanol in dichloromethane. The fractions containing pure product were combined to give 9-[2-elaidyloxy-3-hydroxy-methylprop-1-yl] guanine (640 mg). 'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.84, t, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H; 1.23, br s, 20H; 1.30 - 1.59, m, 2H; 1.85 - 2.00, m, WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -41 4H; 2.20, t, .J = 7.3 Hz, 2H; 2.22 - 2.41, m, 1H; 3.36, d, J= 5.4 Hz, 2H; 3.85 - 4.07, m, 4H; 4.82, t, .J = 5 Hz, 1H; 5.23 - 5.48, m, 2H; 6.44, br s, 2H; 7.63, s, 1H; 10.58, br s, 1H. Example 24 5 9-[2-Stearoyloxy-3-valyloxymethyl)prop- l-yl] guanine hydrochloride salt A mixture of 9-[-2-elaidyloxy-3-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl] guanine (200 mg, 0.40 mmol), Z L-valyl-NCA (121 mg, 0.44 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (5 mg) in dichloromethane 10 (20 ml), under a nitrogen atmosphere, was stirred at room temperature for 3 days. A further portion of Z-L-valyl-NCA (40 mg, 0.14 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at 400 for 6 hr and then at room temperature for 16 hr. Solvent was removed in vacuo at 600, the residue preadsorbed and flash chromatographed on silica eluting with 6% methanol in dichloromethane. The fractions containing the pure product were combined to give 9-[2-(N 15 benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyloxy-3-elaidyloxy-methyl)prop-1-yl]-guanine as a colourless foamy solid (174 mg, 60%). 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.78 - 0.93, m, 9H; 1.22, br s, 20H; 1.30 1.59, m, 2H; 1.89 - 2.13, m, 5H; 2.23, t,.1 = 7.2, Hz, 2H; 2.50 - 2.72, m, 1H; 3.85 - 4.14, m, 6H; 5.04, s, 2H; 5.24 - 5.45, m, 2H;6.43, s, 2H; 7.34, br s, 5H; 7.61, d, J - 3.9 Hz, 1H; 7.74, d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H; 10.64, br s, 1H. 20 9-[2-Stearoyloxy-3-valyloxymethyl)prop-1-yl] guanine hydrochloride salt was prepared according to the method of Example 16 from 9-[2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyloxy-3 elaidyloxy-methyl)prop-1-yl] guanine (162 mg, 0.22 mmol), 1M aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.22 ml, 0.22 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (60 mg) in ethanol (10 ml) to give the 25 product as a colourless fluffy solid (108 mg, 77%). 1'H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.84, t, J= 6.3 Hz, 3H; 0.93, dd, J = 3.2 & 6.8 Hz, 6H; 1.22 br s, 28H; 1.36 - 1.57, m, 2H; 1.98 - 2.23, m, 1H; 2.25, t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H; 2.55 - 2.75, m, 1H; 3.77, dd, J = 4.6 & 10,0 Hz, 1H; 3.90 4.22, m, 6 H; 6.51, br s, 2H; 7.69, s, 1H; 7.65 - 8.15, br s, 3H; 10.48 - 10.82, br s, 1H.

WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 42 Example 25 2-Amino-9-[2-L-valyloxy-3-L-valyloxymethylprop- 1 -yl]purine bishydrochloride salt 5 A mixture of 2-amino-9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]purine (9)(500 mg, 2.24 mmol), Z-L-valyl-NCA (1.30 g, 4.70 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (5 mg) in N,N dimethylformamide (10 ml), under a nitrogen atmosphere, was stirred at room temperature for 18 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness and the residue chromatographed on silica with ethyl acetate as the eluting solvent. The fractions containing 10 pure product were combined and concentrated to give 2-amino-9-[2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl L-valyloxymethyl)-3-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyloxyprop-1-yl]purine as a honey coloured glassy solid (1.12 g, 73%). 'Hn.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.86, d,.J= 6.7Hz, 12H; 1.85 -2.15, m, 2H; 2.57 - 2.78, m, 1H; 3.83 - 4.19, m, 8H; 5.04, s, 4H; 6.49, s, 2H; 7.34, br s, 10H; 7.76, d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H; 7.96, s, 1H; 8.59, s, 1H. 15 2-Amino-9-[2-L-valyloxy-3-L-valyloxymethylprop- 1 -yl]purine bishydrochloride salt was prepared according to the method of Example 16 from 2-amino-9-[2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl L-valyloxymethyl)-3-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valyloxyprop-1-yl]purine (500 mg, 0.73 mmol), 1M aqueous hydrochloric acid (1.45 ml, 1.45 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon 20 (90 mg) in ethanol (25 ml) to give the product as a colourless fluffy solid (319 mg, 89%). 1H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.87 - 1.03, m, 12H; 2.03 - 2.27, m, 2H; 2.70 - 2.80, m, 1H; 3.83, dd,.J = 4.8 & 11.2 Hz, 2H; 4.07 - 4.42, m, 6H; 6.50, s, 2H; 8.15 - 8.88, br s, 3H; 8.20, s, 1H; 8.60, s, 1H. 25 Example 26 9-[3-Acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-6-thioguanine A mixture of 9-[3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-amino-6-iodopurine (576 mg, 1.33 WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 43 mmol) and thiourea (100 mg, 1.33 mmol) in ethanol (7 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere, was heated at reflux for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was chilled and the product filtered off, washing with ethanol. The pale lemon solid was dried in vacuo at 800 to give 9 -[3-acetoxy-2 acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-6-thioguanine (288 mg, 64%). 1 H n.m.r. (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.98, s, 5 6H; 2.52 - 2.74, m, 1H; 3.87 - 4.13, m, 6H; 6.77, s, 2H; 7.88, s, 1H; 11.89, s, 1H. Example 27 Antiviral Activity Tests of antiviral activity in human cells infected with hepatitis B were performed 10 according to the method of Korba and Gerin. The effective concentration for 50% and 90% inhibition of the replication of the virus was determined from dose response curves. Results for some compounds of the invention are shown in Table 2. Table 2 15 Test Compound EC50 IM EC9o M Example 1 0.16 1.9 Example 13 4.4 13 20 Example 28 Bioavailability Testing The oral bioavailability of various compounds of the invention was compared in rats. 25 Briefly, the compounds were administered by oral gavage at 0.2mmol/kg of body weight. The compounds were suspended in 1 mL of an aqueous vehicle containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose and 0.05% Tween 80. Plasma was sampled over an 8 hour period and the concentration of the parent compound, in this case the compound of WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 44 example 1, was determined by hplc. Aliquots of rat plasma (150 gL) were acidified with 10% trichloroacetic acid (37.5 gL) and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was filtered through 0.22 ptm cellulose acetate centrifuge filters. Samples (100 uL) were then injected onto the C18 5 Waters Symmetry HPLC column (3.9 and 150 mm, 5 gm) equilibrated at 40oC. The two component mobile phase (A - 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid and 20 mM heptane sulfonic acid in distilled, deionised water; B - 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid, 20 mM heptane sulfonic acid and 70% acetonitrile in distilled, deionised water) was pumped at 0.5 mL/min with the percentage of mobile phase component B increasing linearly from 0 to 25% over 25 min. 10 Analysis was by ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The parent compound eluted at 17 min. The concentration of drug versus time profile was plotted and the area under the curve determined. This was compared with the area under the curve provided by intravenous administration of the sodium salt of the parent compound to provided a measure of total bioavailabilty as a percentage. Results are shown in Table 3. 15 Test Compound % Bioavailabilty Example 1 2.8 Example 9 53.7 20 Example 14 66.2 Example 16 16.3 Example 17 33.1 Example 18 6.5 Example 20 21 25 It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the invention as described without departing from the spirit 30 or the scope of the invention. The present examples and specific details are, therefore, to WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -45 be considered in all respects as illustrative of the invention and not restrictive. The steps, features, compositions and compounds disclosed herein or referred to or indicated in the specification and/or claims of this application, individually, collectively, and any and all combinations of any two or more of said steps or features. 5 Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps. 10 References: Cullen et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41 (10), 2076-82 (1997) Martin et al., J. Med. Chem. 29, 1384-1389 (1986). Greene T. W., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (1991) 15 Bisacchi et al., J. Org. Chem. 60, 2902 - 2905 (1995). Harnden et al., J. Med. Chem. 33, 187-196 (1990) Korba and Gerin, Antiviral Research, 19, 55-70 (1992) Eliel et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94(1), 171-176 (1972) Dunn et al., J. Org. Chem. 55, 6368-6373 (1990) 20 Ludwig et al., J. Org. Chem. ,54, 631-635 (1989)

Claims (14)

1. Use of a compound of formula (1) 5 R N N 2 R N N OH OH 10 (1) where: R' is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, 15 alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; and R and R' are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aryl; or a salt and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof; in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of hepatitis B viral infection. 20

2. Use according to claim 1 wherein R 1 is hydroxy or a group capable of being converted in vivo to hydroxy. WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 47

3. Use according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein R 2 is amino or a group capable of being converted in vivo to amino.

4. Use according to any one of the claim 1 to 3 wherein the compound of formula 5 (1), or salt or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof is a compound of formula (4) X N 1~ 5 NH N N OR OR 6 (4) where: 10 X is hydrogen or hydroxy; R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and together with the oxygen atom to which they are attached form a hydroxy group, an ester, a carbonate, a carbamate, or a thiocarbonate; a salt thereof. 15

5. Use according to claim 4 wherein R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and together with the oxygen atom to which they are attached to form a hydroxy group or an ester.

6. Use according to claim 1 wherein R 1 is hydroxy and R 2 is amino. 20 WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 48

7. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B to viral infection which method includes administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (1) 5 R N -- N 2 R N N OH OH 10 (1) where: R' is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; 15 R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; and R and R' are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aryl; or a salt or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof. 20

8. Use of a compound of formula (1) 25 WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 49 R N N 2 R N N OH 5 OH (1) 10 where R 1 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; and 15 R and R' are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aryl; or a salt or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof; in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B viral infection. 20

9. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B viral infection including a compound of formula (1) R 1 N N 2 25 R N N OH OH WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 - 50 (1) where: R' is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; 5 R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; and R and R' are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aryl; or a salt or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof; 10 in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

10. A compound of formula (la) R N N R N N OH 15 OH la where: R 1 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, 20 alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; WO 99/12927 PCT/AU98/00748 -51 R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, azido, alkoxy, aryloxy, thio, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, hydrazino, hydroxylamino, benzyloxy, NRR' or NRCOR'; and R and R' are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aryl; or a salt or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof; 5 provided that the following compounds are excluded; 9-[3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop- 1-yl]-guanine, 9-[3-hydroxy-2 hydroxymethylprop- l-yl]-adenine, 9-[(2-isopropyl- 1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]-guanine, and 9- [ (2-isopropyl- 1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]-adenine. 10

11. A compound according to claim 10 which is 2-amino-9-[3-hydroxy-2 hydroxymethylprop-1-yl]purine, 9-[3-acetyloxy-2-acetoxymethylprop-1-yl]-2-aminopurine, or a salt or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.

12. A pharmaceutical composition including a compound of formula (la) as claimed in 15 claim 10 in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

13. A method according to claim 7 wherein the compound of formula (1) or salt or derivative thereof is administered in combination with another pharmaceutical used in the treatment of viral infections. 20

14. A method according to claim 7 wherein administration is via the oral route.