AU8934798A

AU8934798A - Multifocal ophthalmic lens

Info

Publication number: AU8934798A
Application number: AU89347/98A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Bernard Bourdoncle; Jean-Pierre Chauveau; Sandrine Francois
Original assignee: Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA
Current assignee: EssilorLuxottica SA
Priority date: 1997-10-16
Filing date: 1998-10-15
Publication date: 1999-05-06
Anticipated expiration: 2018-10-15
Also published as: FR2769999A1; DE69800622D1; CN1163779C; JPH11194308A; BR9804424B1; BR9804424A; EP0911672A1; CN1218198A; ES2155281T3; CA2250615A1; JP3609632B2; FR2769999B1; DE69800622T2; PT911672E; EP0911672B1; CA2250615C; AU737623B2

Description

S F Ref: 438491

AUSTRALIA

PATIENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPEF1aTJ FOR ASTAN'DARD PATENT

ORIGINAL

Name and Address of Applicant: Essi icr International 147 rue de Paris 94227 Charenton Cedex

FRANCE

3.

Actual Inventor(s): Address for Service: Invention Title: Jean-Pierre Chauveau, Bernard Fran coi s Bourdonci e, Sandri ne Spruson Ferguson, Patent Attorneys Level 33 St Martins Tower, 31 Market Street Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia Multifocal Ophthalmic Lens The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best-method of performing it known to me/us:- Al i.

MULTfFOCAL OPHTHALMIC LENS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a multifocal ophthalmic lens, having an aspherical surface which has a mean sphere and a cylinder at every point thereon.

Such lenses are well known; among multifocal lenses one can distinguish lenses known as progressive lenses adapted to vision at all distances, and lenses that are more specifically dedicated to near vision and intermediate vision.

Progressive multifocal ophthalmic lenses comprise a ar vision region, a near vision region, an intermediate vision region, and a main meridian of progression passing :hrough the three regions. French patent application S,699,294 describes, in its preamble, the various elements of a progressive multifocal ophthalmic lens 1 (main meridian of progression, far vision region, near vision region, as well as the work carried out by 20 =he applicant to improve wearer comfort of such lenses.

SApplicant has also proposed, in order to better Ssatisfy the visual needs of long sighted people and to improve comfort of progressive multifocal lenses, to adapt the shape of the main meridian of progression, as a "l 25 function of the power addition value A (French patent application FR-A-2,683,642).

For such lenses, the power addition value A is il defined as the variation in mean sphere between a reference point in the far vision region and a reference point in the near vision region.

Such progressive lenses are generally prescribed as a Sfunction of the wearer's ametropia and the power needed for near vision.

Lenses also exist which are more specifically dedicated to near vision; such lenses do not have a a far vision region with a defined reference point like 1- conventional progressive lenses have. Such lenses are i 2~ I _I I. prescribed depending on the near vision power the wearer needs, independently of the far vision power. Such a lens is described in an article in the "Opticien Lunetier" dated April 1988, and is sold commercially" by the applicant under the Essilor Delta trademark; this lens is also as simple to use and easy to wear as a progressive lens, and it is attractive to long-sighted people not fitted with progressive lenses. This lens is also described in French patent application FR-A-2,588,973. It has a central portion which is equivalent to the singlefocus lens that would normally have been employed for correcting longsightedness, in order .to ensure satisfactory near vision.-It additionally has a slight decrease in power in the upper portion, ensuring that the wearer also has sharp vision beyond the usual near vision field. Finally, the lens has a point at a power value equal to the nominal power for near vision, a higher power region at the lower portion of the lens, and a lower powered region in the top portion of the lens.

20 Existing multifocal lenses, whether they be progressive or dedicated to near vision can still be further improved as regards their foveal vision performance, in order to improve wearer comfort. Wearers of multifocal lenses do in fact sometimes feel uncomfortable with dynamic vision. Such lenses can also be improved by preserving a near vision region that is sufficiently high to ensure optimum wearer comfort; finally, it is important that wide visual fields be provided in near, intermediate and far vision.

30 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provide a multifocal lens which overcome the disadvantages of prior art lenses and which provides wearers with improved peripheral vision while still ensuring foveal vision is good, thereby ensuring 35 ease of adaptation of wearers to their lenses. The invention nevertheless ensures rapid progression of mean sphere, ensuring the presence of a large near vision i ;ieB -i~ffl t :&Bil r It

:S:

~i r

II

rj Sir r ~II I la-rji~;iiitiBi region. It also provides balanced distribution of isosphere and isocylinder lines.

The invention provides a multifocal ophthalmic lens comprising an aspherical surface having at every point thereon a mean sphere and a cylinder, and comprising a far vision region VL, a near vision region VP, an intermediate vision region VI, a main meridian of progression MM' passing through said three regions, in which a principal length of progression, defined as a ratio between power addition and maximum slope of mean sphere along said meridian is less than 16 mm; in which sphere varies in a monotonous fashion as a function of angle on a 20 mm radius circle centered on a geometric center of the lens at both sides of said meridian, and in which the far vision region delimited in an upper portion of said lens by lines formed of points for which cylinder is equal to half power addition includes an angular sector having its origin at the geometric 20 center of the lens with an included angle greater than 1500.

Advantageously, the main meridian of progression is made up by mid-points of horizontal segments joining respective lines formed by points where cylinder is 0.50 diopter.

In one embodiment, the near vision region, delimited in an upper portion of said lens by lines formed by points where cylinder is equal to half power addition has a width that is greater than 12 mm at a point of 30 reference for near vision.

In another embodiment, said included angle has a value comprised between 1600 and 1700, preferably of the order of 165 0 Preferably, the modulus of the derivative dS/dO of mean sphere with respect to angle on said circle is comprised between 0.005 and 0.015 when said angle 6 is comprised in the ranges [300; 1000] and [2700; 32501.

I

r e i X I: ;li iii ;-Nr -S 11 '1 -n'r- 4 Advantageously, the modulus of the derivative dS/de of 'mean sphere with respect to angle on said circle is comprised between 0.01 and 0.04 when said angle e is comprised in the ranges [1250; 18001 and [2000; 25001.

In one embodiment, the lens is a multifocal lens dedicated to near vision and intermediate vision, said lens having a power addition defined as a difference between maximum and minimum values of mean sphere on said meridian of progression, inside a 20 mm radius circle :entered on the geometric center of said lens.

In another embodiment, the lens is a progressive multifocal lens having a reference point fox a near vision region, a reference point for a far vision region, and a power addition defined as a difference between the values of mean sphere at these two points.

Further features and advantages of the present invention will become more clear from the description which follows of one embodiment of the invention provided by way of non-limiting example with reference to the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagrammatical front view of a multifocal progressive lens.

FIG. 2 shows graphically variation in power along the meridian of the lens according to the invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the lens in FIG. 2, showing the main meridian of progression and lines indicating the level of mean sphere- FIG. 4 is a front view of the lens in FIG. 2, showing the main meridian of progression and lines indicating cylinder level- FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of the slopes of sphere on the lens of FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 shows, diagrammatically, sphere on the 20 mm radius circle centered on the geometric center of the lens, as function of angle for the lens in FIG. 2 and for the lens in FIGS. 7 to 12.

a4 At 4 FIGS. 7 to 9 are similar views to those in FIGS. 2 to 4, for a power addition of 2 diopters.

FIGS. 10 to 12 are similar views to those in FIGS. 2 to 4, for a power addition of 3 diopters.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED

EMBODIMENT

Below, we shall employ an orthonormal coordinate system in which the x-axis corresponds to the horizontal axis of the lens and the a y-axis corresponds to the vertical axis; the centre 0 of the reference frame is the geometric center of the lens.

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatical front vieT of a known progressive ophthalmic lens, showing the va:ious elements thereof- of the FIGS. 2 to 6 show the optical characteristics of the lens according to the invention, this lens having a diameter of about 60 mm. In FIGS. 2 to 6, we have described a lens having a power addition of one diopter.

FIGS- 7 to 12 show a similar view, for lenses having a power addition of 2 or 3 diopters.

with reference to FIG. 1, the various elements of a multifocal ophthalmic lens will now be described. Such a lens generally has an aspherical face shown in FIG. 1 and a second second face which can be aspherical or toroidal.

1$ For every point on the aspherical surface, a mean 25 sphere D is defined from the formula: SD n- 1 2 R 1

R

2 in which: of S. 30 R and R 2 are the maximum and minimum radii of curvature expressed in meters, and n is the refractive index of the lens material.

cylinder C is defined by the formula: 1--

R

1

R

2 Isosphere lines are lines constituted by the projection onto a plane tangential to the progressive surface at the geometric centre 0 of points on the lens surface having the same value of mean sphere. Similarly, isocylinder lines are lines constituted by the projection onto this same plane of points having the same cylinder.

Conventionally, the lens 1 comprises in its upper portion a far vision region VL, in its lower portion a near vision region VP and, between these two regions, an intermediate region VI. For a progressive lens, a reference point P is defined in the near vision region at which near vision is measured and a reference point L at which far vision is measured. For a lens dedicated to near vision, a reference point P is defined in the near vision region for measuring near vision; however, no corresponding reference point is defined for the far vision region.

On FIG. 1, the main meridian of progression 2 of the lens is shown, passing through the far vision region, the intermediate vision region and the near vision region.

This meridian is defined as the locus of the mid-points 20 of horizontal segments delimited by the 0.50 diopter Sisocylinder line. In the example of FIG. 1, the meridian is essentially composed of three segments, the first one extending substantially vertically from the top of the Slens, passing through the point L, down to a point D, referred to as the fitting centre, and located between I the far vision control point L and the geometric centre O0 The second segment extends from point D obliquely towards the nasal side of the lens, and the third segment .starts from the end C of the second segment and passes 30 through the near vision control point P. Other forms of meridian are possible.

In the case of progressive multifocal cDhthalmic Slenses, a power addition is defined in a mainier known per se, this being the difference in mean sphere between a reference point P in the near vision: region and a reference point L in the far vision region.- S- For multifocal lenses dedicated to near vision and intermediate vision, minimum and maximum values of sphere 7 are measured on the meridian thus defined within the bounds of a 20 mm radius circle centered on the geometric center of the lens. The power addition is now the difference between these minimum and maximum values of sphere; this definition is substantially equivalent, for progressive lenses, to the conventional definition of power addition and being the difference in sphere between the reference points for near and far vision.

With these definitions, it is generally considered that the limit of the far vision region in the upper portion of the lens is formed by isocylinder lines of a value equal to half the power addition. Similarly, the limit of the near vision region in the lower portion of the lens is set by isocylinder lines of a value equal to half the power addition.

IThe inner circle shown on FIG 1. represents the region scanned by the eye when performinq everyday tasks.

The size and position of this portion, known as the foveal vision region has been determined by numerous series of measurements carried out in the applicant's laboratories; reference can example be made to IEEE, Portable eve movement recorder by T. Bonnin and N. Bar, Proceedings of the 14th annual international conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 1992, part 4, pages 1668 to 1669, to AAO 1993, to "Optimization of ophthalmic aspheric lenses: recording of eye movement for everyday tasks", N. Bar, T. Bonnin and C. Pedreno, Optometry and vision science 1993, No. 12s, volume 70 page 154, or yet again to ECEM 93, "The use of 30 visual space", a poster by N Bar. This region covers a mm diameter disc centered on the mounting center.

To ensure maximum visual comfort for the wearer, we consider the 40 mm diameter disc centered on the Sgeometric center of the lens, which encompasses the foveal vision region and we have set out to limit Itangential variations in sphere along this circle.

Controling variations in sphere along this circle makes it possible to master deformations in the optical

VS

ehr'" er st c of t nutifOcal surface the wearer's Perpheral iision is thus imporoved. It iS also desirable to maintain a sufcinl wide visi field i h foveal vision region- Thle Present invention -makes it possible to obtain a balanced distributioni of the isosphere and isolcylinder lines; The relevanit circle is also shown on FIG. 11 in prior- art lenses, and in Particulajr in- the case of the applicant's lenses, vision in thle region around the ainmerdia ofProgressi on is corrm ite\ saisfactoryin order to improxlle the gentleness of progressi 1 on of the lenses, and comfort in the foveal vision region, thle present invention and sets out to consider a new definitLion of the characterist-ics of the lei-s surface, explained with referen~ce to the 'following figures. The figures cover the case of progress iVe multifocal lenses; the invention applies r, utaU c ltnj to: Mult Caa lenses dedicated to near vision.

FIG. 2 is a a graph showi ng -aPower along the meridianl of the lens accordi-cg to the intervention, the power addition of; this lens being- one dionter. The yai coordinates of the graph of FTG. 1 are the y-axis coordinates on the lens; the x-axiJ.s coordinates give the difference in power, in diopters, from the reference 2 5 point in the far vision region.

The point having the value V mm on the y-axis along the meridian correspoonds to the reference point L for far vision, which, in the case of FIG. 2, is the point of mini mum So~here; at this point, mean sphere is 5.2 diopters and cylinder is 0; the point having a y-axis value of 14 mm. on the meriditan isthe reference point P *for near vision; at this pointma per s52 diopters and cylinder is 0-02 diopters.

A principal length of progression i s defined as the ratio between power addition A as defined above and the maximum value of the slope of mean sphere along the meridian; this ratio is written as: pp=A/Pn~ For a progressive multifocal lens, we have: I pp VP SVL) me where Syp and SV are respectively the values of mean sphere at the near and far vision control points and Pmer Sis the maximum value of the slope of sphere along the meridian this slope of sphere corresponds to te maximum modulus of the gradient of sphere with respect to x or to y- For a progressive multifocal lens dedicated to near and intermediate vision, we have: Lpp (Sma St)m!Pi&mer S Smax Smi n re respectively the maximum and where Smax min i a d, a 2 is as minimum values of sphere on the meridian, and mer is as defined above- Sfieds atio is eauivalent to a length, and represents the length over which mean sphere increases by value corresponding to power addition- FIG. 2 shows that, at first, sphere remains Ssubstantially constant in the far vision region above point L. It shows also that sphere remains substantially constant in the near vision region, around point

P.

Finally, it shows that the principal length of progression, equal to 12.50 mm, is low, and is thus less 'on, e q u a l t o 1 2 5 0 mm, is lowa than 16 mm. This ensures satisfactory near vision in a region extending above the near vision control point, obviating the need for the wearer to move his head.

Comfortable and extensive near vision is thereby ensured mm, Maximum slope of sphere on the meridian is 0.08 diopters S'*per mm- FIG. 3 is a front view of the lens in FIG. 2, showing 30o -and lines of equal mean the main meridian of progression and lnes of equa mean sphere. Those elements shown on FIG- 2 will be found isosphere lines in FIG. 3 are the lines 1i, 12 13 and 14 representing respectively mean sphere which is greater by 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 or 1 diopter to mean sphere at the far vision control point L. Finally, a 40 mm diameter circle centered on the geometric center of the lens is shown- FIG. 4 is a front view of the lens in FIG. 2, showing the main meridian of progression and lines of equal cylinder. Those elements shown in FIG. 2 are also present in FIG. 4. As cylinder is low along the main meridian of progression, there are two isocylinder lines for each value of cylinder. The isocylinder lines in FIG. 4 are the lines 16 and 16', and 17 and 17', representing, respectively, a cylinder of 0.25, and 0.50 diopters.

As indicated above, in the upper portion of the lens the border of the far vision region is substantially constituted by the 0.5 isocylinder lines 17 and 17'. The lens of the invention thus has a wide far vision region which extends over almost all of the top half of the lens. Quantitatively, the far vision region includes an angular sector defined by two half-lines 20 and 21' originating from the geometric center of the lens with an included angle greater than 1300; in FIG. 4, the angle between the half-lines 20 and 20' is of the order of 1600.

In the lower portion of the lens, the border of the near vision region is also substantially constituted by i "the 0.5 isocylinder lines 17 and 17'.

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional representation of slopes of sphere on the lens of FIG. 2; FIG. 5 shows the Sslope of mean sphere, in diopters per mm, as a function *of position on the lens, in the reference frame defined above.

FIG. 6 shows variation in mean sphere on the 40 mm diameter circle centered on the geometric center of the lens for various values of power addition; the y axis is graduated in diopters and the x axis shows the angle 0 in a system of polar coordinates the center of which is the Sgeometric center of the lens and the angles of which are 35 measured starting from an upwardly-directed vertical half-line originating from the geometric center of the lens; in other words, the x-axis represents the angle 0 between, firstly, an upwardly-directed vertical half-line I *11 originating from the geometric center of the lens and, secondly, a half-line originating from the geometric center of the lens and passing through the point on said circle where sphere is being measured. The lotwer curve in FIG. 6 corresponds to the variation in sphere on the mm diameter circle for the one-diopter power addition lens shown in FIGS. 2 to 5; the middle and upper curves on FIG. 6 respectively show these same variations for lenses of power addition two and three diopters.

FIG. 6 shows that variations in sphere on the 20 mm radius circle centered on the geometric center of the lens is monotonous, when one moves on the circle from a point of intersection with the meridian to another point of intersection of the circle with the meridian.

Stated in other terms, on FIG. 6, the point of x-axis value 00 or 3600 corresponds to the point having coordinates x 0 mm, y 20 mm in the orthonormal reference frame defined above, and also substantially corresponds to the point of intersection of the meridian and the circle, in the upper portion of the lens.

The point on the x-axis where 0 1870 on FIG. 6 is the point for which sphere has a maximum value; this point corresponds to the intersection of the circle with the meridian in the lower portion of the lens, and has, in the orthonormal reference frame defined above, the coordinates x 3.47 mm and y -19.70 mm.

When one moves around the circle from the point of angle 0 0° towards the point of angle 0 1870, sphere is an increasing function of angle; when one moves around 30 the circle from the point of angle 0 1870 towards the point of angle 0 00, sphere is a decreasing function of angle.

This condition regarding monotonous variation of sphere over the circle at both sides of the meridian ensures there is very gentle and uniform progression of the optical characteristics of the lens, both inside the foveal region as well as outside itr r r-r r r

II

ri

I

r r ,r

L

-I

4 r r i i;

C

r

A-.

l 1^ ~i -f 12 The lens in FIGS. 2 to 6 thus ensure progression is very gentle, ensuring much easier adaptation on the part of the wearer of the lenses.

Quantitatively, this is reflected by the following conditions the far vision region comprises an angular sector with its origin at the geometric center of the lens, with an included angle of at least 1500; the principal length of progression i.e. the ratio between power addition and the maximum slope of mean sphere on the meridian is less than 16 mm, and variation in sphere on the 20 mm radius circle centered on the geometric center of the lens is monotonous at both sides of the meridian.

Relation as explained above, sets a lower limit for the surface of the far vision region.

Relation reflect the fact that the principal length of progression of the lens is low, and thus the fact that the near vision region is sufficiently high on the lens to ensure optimum comfort for the wearer in near vision.

The third relation ensures, through monotony of variations in mean sphere at the edge of the foveal region, and taking- account of the continuity and 25 derivahbility properties of the progressive surfaces, well known to those skilled in the art, good mastery of variations in optical parameters inside as well as outside this region.

The combination of these three conditions ensures a good distribution of the isosphere and isocylinder lines over the surface of the lens, thereby ensuring very gentle progression.

The combination of these three conditions is not satisfied by any of the prior art multifocal ophthalmic 35 lensestested by the applicant. The invention provides, for the firsttime> such a distribution of isocylinder and isosphere snes i-: 1: FIGS. 7 to 9 are similar views to those in FIGS. 2 to 4 but for a lens of power addition 2 diopters; FIGS. to 12 are similar views to those in FIGS. 2 to 4, but for a lens of power addition 3 diopters. Isosphere lines with a 0.25 diopter step are shown on FIGS. 8 and ii; isocylinder lines in 0.25 diopter steps are shown on FIGS. 9 and 12. These diagrams also show the half-lines tangential to the A/2 isocylinder lines, in the far vision region.

For each of these lenses, the three conditions are satisfied. In the case of the lens in FIGS. 2 to 5, we have, as indicated above: angle at the center of the angular sector included in the far vision region: 1630; Lp 12.50 mm.

For the lenses of power addition 2 and 3 diopters, the values of the angle at the center and the principal length of progression are the same.

The invention provides additional advantageous characteristics, which, combined with these three conditions, make it possible to improve the performance of the lens according to the invention.

According to the invention, the near vision region has, at the level of the reference point for near vision, a width of at least 12 mm, and preferably a width greater than 13 mm; this width is measured at the y-axis coordinate of point P, between the A/2 isocylinder lines, where A is the power addition as defined above. As can be seen on FIG. 3, in the case of a power addition of one 30 diopter, the width of the near vision region is 13.5 mm.

For a power addition of two or three diopters, this value remains substantially the same.

In one embodiment of the invention, the angle at the center of the angular sector contained in the far vision region is comprised between 160 and 1700, and is preferably near to 1650; in the example shown in the figures, this angle at the center is substantially 1630 a a.,

-I

-is

I

for the one diopter power addition lens, and is the same for the two or three diopter power addition lenses.

Advantageously, limits are also imposed on the slope of mean sphere on the 20 mm radius circle; this'slope is in fact the derivative dS/dO of the function represented on the curves of FIG. 6.

The table below gives average values for the absolute value of slope for different angles and for different power additions.

power 30-1000 125-1800 200-2500 270-325° addition\ dS/d6 one 0.005 0.012 0.013 0.005 diopter two 0.010 0.025 0.026 0.01 diopters three 0.015 0.036 0.040 0.015 diopters In all cases, the absolute value of slope is comprised between 0.005 and 0.015 for values of angle 0 in [300; 1000] or [2700; 325°]; it is comprised between 15 0.01 and 0.04 for values of angle 0 in [125°; 1800] or ,[2000; 2500] We shall now give details of the various characteristics that make it possible to provide the various lenses according to the invention. As known per 20 se, the surface of the lenses is continuous and continually derivable three times. As known to those skilled in the art, the surface of progressive lenses is obtained, by digital optimisation using a computer, setting limiting conditions for a certain number of lens 25 parameters.

Combinations of the three conditions defined above, W~ith, if appropriate, one or several of the other criteria def ined above canl be used as limiting Conditions.

These criteria apply both f or a conventional rogressive multifoca- lens with a reference point in the far vision region and :a reference point in the near vision region, as well qa for a multifocal lens that is dedicated to near vision.: One can advantageously start by defining, for each lens of the family, a main meridian of progression. For this, the teachings of French Patent Application

F'R-A-

2,683,642 mentloned above, is used. A~ny other definition of the main meridian of prog-ression can be used, for applying the teaching of. the invention.

obviously, this inventionl is not limited to what has been described: among" other things, the aspherical surface could be the surf ace facing the wearer of the lenses- Additionally, although there was no menti.on in the description of lenses which can be different for both eyes, this of course obyiously applies.

J,

Claims

1500. The lens according to claim 1, wherein said main meridian of progression is made up by mid-points of horizontal segments joining respective lines formed by 25 points where cylinder is 0.50 diopter. The lens according to claim 1, wherein said near vision region, delimited in an upper portion of said lens by lines formed by points where cylinder is equal to half power addition has a width that is greater than 12 mm at a point of reference for near vision. The lens according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said included angle .has a value comprised between 1600 and 170°, preferably of the order of.165 0 The lens according- to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the modulus of the derivative dS/dG of mean ii o I r r c s .A. sphere with respect to angle on said circle is comprised between 0-005 and 0.015 'when said angle E is comprised in the ranges 100011 and [270"; 3250] 6. The lens according to one of claims I to wherein the modulus of the derivative dS/dO of mean sphere with respect to &ngle on said circle is comprised between 0.01 and 0.04 when said angle 0 is comprised in the ranges [125 0 180O03 and [200"; 2500] The lens according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the lens is a multifocal lens dedicated to near vision and intermediate' vision, said lens having a power addition defined as a difference between maximum and minimum values of mean sphere on said meridian of progressionl, inside a 20 mm radius circle centered on the geometric center of said lens. j The lens according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said lens is a progressive multifocal lens having a reference point for a near vision region, a reference point for a far vision region, and a power addition defEiged as a difference between the values of mean sphere at these two points. 4 9. A multifocal ophthalmic lens, substantially as hereibefote described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dated 12 October, 1998 Essilor International Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominlated Person SPRUSON FERGUSON