AU8431991A - Scrubb puff - Google Patents

Description

SCRUB PUFF FIELD OF THE INVENTION Non-scratching abrasives for cleaning and polishing moderately soft metal surfaces such as, aluminum, copper, brass and bronze.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a cleansing aid, including the process of fabricating same, adapted for home use in the cleansing of kitchen utensils and the like. More particularly, the invention relates to the structure of and process for making a cleansing aid in the form of a pad presenting highly effective and durable abrasive surfaces, and optionally having incorporated therewith a water-soluble cleansing agent. Further, said pad may optionally include means for retaining liquified cleansing agent within the pad to thereby prevent unnecessary wastage of the cleansing agent.

A cleansing or scouring pad of the type above referred to should ideally represent a combination of several functional and physical characteristics. It is, of course, desired that the outer surfaces of the pad provide a good abrasive action, be of an open or lofty structure so as not to mat or become clogged by the dirt, grease or other material removed in the cleansing operation and furthermore be of a rust-free material.

DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART For decades, the cleaning material of choice for metal surfaces of moderate softness has been steel wool of various grades, sold with or without soap. While pads of such material are excellent cleaners, they suffer from well known problems which heretofore have not been fully overcome. Unless stainless steei is used, the pads rust rapidly after initial use, they do not retain the soap well after the initial use and the steel fibers tend to break and embed themselves into the skin of the hand of the user.

It is desirable that the pad be of sufficient resilience so as to be comfortable to handle and also capable or conforming to irregular contours in the article or utensil

SUBSTITUTE SHEET to be cleansed. The pad may be provided with its own self-contained supply of a cleansing agent as a convenience factor in avoiding the necessity for having on hand a separate supply of cleansing agent and for applying same externally to the pad. Where the pad is provided with a self-contained supply of cleansing agent, it may be desirable that the pad include means for minimizing waste of a cleansing agent when dissolved in an aqueous solution by retaining said solution with the pad, which means serve the function of a reservoir and act to dispense only so much of said solution as is required to complement the abrasive action in removing the foreign substances and particles from the article being cleansed. It is also desirable that the pad be comprised of component elements which are firmly bound together so as to maintain the structural integrity of the pad and prevent tearing away or disintegration of the component elements thereof, even after long periods of usage, from the strains and stresses imparted thereto while in rubbing contract with articles being cleansed or scoured.

Each of the above qualities considered desirable in a cleansing aid of this type are present in a pad where an additional retaining means for the cleansing aid is provided, the device is made in the form of a lofty, open resilient, web material of relatively low density and having excellent abrasive qualities a composite or laminated structure of which the two outer laminae are each formed of said web material, the third or inner lamina of the pad being formed from a web of more dense but sponge-like and compressible material having a cellular structure such as to render it highly water absorbent so as to retain the associated cleansing agent when in liquified form. The web material constituting the outer laminae of the pad consists of a plurality of randomly oriented non-woven fibers, which may be either natural or synthetic, bound together at their points of touching contract by a binder, preferably a resin, so as to maintain the integrity of the web which present an open, lofty and somewhat resilient three dimensional structure possessing extremely low density and having contained therein a network of many relatively larger intercommunicating voids. Preferably, there are also distributed within the web material and adhered to

SUBSTITUTE SHEET the fibers thereof, abrasive particles which are firmly adhered to the structure by the aforesaid binder which generally, but not exclusively, exists in the form of globules located at the points of intersection of the respective fibers.

A web of abrasive material of the sort above described has heretofore been described in patent issued to Clarence Robert Loeffler, No.2,327,199, issued August 17, 1943, and in the patent to R. L Melton, et al., 2,334,572, issued November 16, 1943.

The seminal improvement in this technology is set forth in US Patent 2,958,593 to Hoover et al., assigned to 3M Corporation. This disclosed a class of products sold by the assignee under their trade mark "Scotch Brite" and associated mark . These products, as well as developments thereof, such as Klecker et al. US Patent 4078340 and Fitzer US Patent 4227350, have the disadvantage that while they clean well they cannot be effectively used on metallic cookware surfaces as they are too abrasive and cause unsightly scratches. They particularly scratch aluminum and copper cookware surfaces. Similarly they cannot be used on soft coatings such as those of PTFE (or Teflon, (Trademark of DuPont Corp., Wilmington DE)).

Improved cleaning aids of the interior pad type are disclosed in U.S. Patent

3,284,963, issued November 15, 1966, to Samuel Lanham, et. al. While the Lanham product constituted an advance over the art, both it and the Hoover device are not suitable for polishing metals particularly moderately soft metals. Thus while Lanham states that any suitable abrasive may be used he, in fact, only mentions aluminum oxide, silicon carbide and the like which clean metal surfaces, but also scratch them in an unacceptable manner.

It would therefore be desirable to provide abrasive pads having the desirable qualities of steel wool pads without the aforesaid disadvantages, which could be used for the cleaning and polishing of moderately soft metal surfaces, in particular those of copper, brass, bronze and especially aluminum.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET SUMMARY There is provided an open low density abrasive article adapted for the cleaning of all metallic surfaces and particularly moderately soft metallic surfaces, suitably non- ferrous surfaces such as copper, brass, bronze and, in particular, aluminum surfaces comprising in one embodiment a lofty open non-woven three dimensional web form of a plurality of interlaced randomly extending flexible durable, tough, resilient organic - fibers having a diameter of from about 25 to about 250 microns.

These web fibers are firmly adhesively bonded together at points where they cross and contact each other to form a three-dimensionally integrated structure throughout said web, and abrasive particles generally evenly distributed on each fiber within said web and are firmly bonded to the web fibers by a relatively-hard binder, the interstices between adjacent fibers being open and substantially unfilled by binder or abrasive. Thus, there is defined throughout said article a tri-dimensionally extending network of intercommunicating voids constituting the major portion of the volume of the said article.

The article is flexible and readily compressible and, upon release of pressure capable of recovering substantially completely to its initial form. In addition to the web substrate,, there may be utilized foam substrate from foams selected from the group comprising urethane foams, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyi alcohol, silicone rubber, neoprene, or natural rubber latex foams. Density ranges of these foams are typically between 0.015-0.1 g/cm³.

Woven fabrics can also be used as carriers for the abrasive materials. All fabric constructions may be considered for specific applications, in particular is Terry Fabric of the surface density range from 100 g/m²to 410 g/m², and open or textured weave fabrics such as ducks, twills, oznabergs, and leno weaves. These materials may be woven of natural or synthetic fibers, but of particular advantage are cotton, polyester, or nylon. Typical surface density appropriate for this application are fabrics from 45 g/m² to 340 g/m². (i.e., weight/surface area).

SUBSTITUTE SHEET A wide variety of engineered non-woven fabrics can be used to advantage as abrasive carriers, among them are those produced by spun bonded, fiber entangled, thermal and chemical bonded, spun-laced, print bonded, and needle punched. These materials may be made from natural or synthetic fibers or blends there of, non- wovens of rayon, polyester, or nylon can be used to particular advantage of a surface density of 75 g/m² to 285 g/m².

Papers of various kinds can be used as carriers for the abrasives described depending on specific applications. Naturally substrate normally used for sandpaper applications would be suitably of surface density of 100 g/m² to 1 g/m².

An example of such paper would have the following specifications: A weight of 117 g/m², type-Kraft and/or treated with zinc chloride, thickness - 0.075 cm., Other papers of high wet strength can also be used.

The abrasive is applied to non web materials, i.e., fabrics (woven and non- woven) by coating them with a suitable adhesive resin followed by spraying dry abrasive powder.

Provided it is not water soluble, the sole criterion for the abrasive is that it may be defined by any one of the measures of hardness selected from the group of measures consisting of a) Mho's 4.5 - 6.3, b) Rockwell B 60 - 85, c) Brinell 95 - 142, or d) Knoop 120 - 180. As long as the aforesaid hardness criteria are met, the actual chemical nature of the abrasive is unimportant. In certain embodiments, the abrasive layer may be associated with a lubricant which may, but need not be a soap and/or sponge-like material.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS For use as abrasive web material for the abrasive coating, it has been found that synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyesters (e.g., Dacron) are particularly well suited. The uniformity and quality of such types of fibers can be closely controlled.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET 2/01536

Also, these fibers retain substantially their desired physical properties when wet with water or oil. However, various natural fibers which are flexible, resilient, durable, and tough can also be utilized in the web material. The resulting extremely open fibrous construction exhibits a remarkably effective action. It is essentially non-clogging and non-filling in nature, particularly when used in conjunction with liquids such as water and oils. Furthermore, it can be readily cleaned upon simple flushing with a rinsing liquid, dried and left for substantial periods of time and then reused with all its original properties intact. The structure of the web is flexible and readily compressible and upon release of compression returns substantially completely to the initial uncompressed form.

When a further cleansing or lubricating material retention layer is used either as a second lamina or third or inner lamina between two outer web lamina of the pad, it is preferably formed of a foamed synthetic, thermoplastic material, such as for example polyurethane form or the like which may be either of the polyester or polyether type. Due to the cellular structure of this foamed material, the inner web is highly flexible and compressible, thereby adding resilience to the overall pad, the cellular structure furthermore enabling the web to readily absorb the retain water which is not characteristic of the outer laminae of the pad. Thus, as the pad is wetted in preparation for use, the wetting of the water-soluble cleansing agent preferably incorporated therewith may liquify or emulsify a portion of the cleansing or lubricating agent, thus causing the solution to become absorbed in the pores and cellular structure of the foamed inner web material. Thereafter as the pad is put to use, the inner lamina of foam material is somewhat compressed causing the solution of cleansing or lubricating agent to be exuded from the foam material and applied to the surface of the article being cleansed. Upon reuse of the pad, after having dried, the introduction of water thereto first saturates the inner foamed web and thus places in solution the film of cleansing agent lining the pores and cells of the form material thereby minimizing the amount of additional cleansing agent required.

The second as well as the intermediate or inner lamina of the foam web material when used also serves as an effective means for binding the laminae or plies of the composite pad into a unified and integral structure.

In accordance with one embodiment of pad structure the bonding of the three laminae is achieved by application of both heat and pressure at only the border area of the pad so as to produce a fin-sealed edge or lip comprised of the three pad laminae bound together in a compressed state. In this embodiment the application of heat also acts as a resin binder on the two outer laminae so as to effect a binding of the fibers of said outer laminae in a compressed state.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the bonding of the three laminae is achieved through a flame lamination technique by which heat is applied to the entire surface on both sides of the inner web of foamed material, whereupon each outer ply is brought into contact with a respective heated surface with a force sufficient to effect a surface bond and furthermore enabling the web to readily absorb the retain water which is not characteristic of the outer laminae of the pad. Thus, as the pad is wetted in preparation for use, the wetting of the water-soluble cleansing agent preferably incorporated therewith liquifies a portion of the cleansing agent, thus causing the solution to become absorbed in the pores and cellular structure of the foamed inner web material. Thereafter as the pad is put to use, the inner lamina of foam material is somewhat compressed causing the solution of cleansing agent to be exuded from the foam material and applied to the surface of the article being cleansed. Upon reuse of the pad, after having dried, the introduction of water thereto first saturates the inner foamed web and thus places in solution the film of cleansing agent lining the pores and cells of the form material thereby minimizing the amount of additional cleansing agent required.

In the case of each embodiment, the bonding of the several laminae into an integral product is accomplished without the addition of any glue, adhesive or other binding additives which might tend to impair the permeability or free flow of water from one lamina to the other at their respective interfaces.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET The cleansing or lubricating agent which may be incorporated in a pad or other substrate is a soap or synthetic detergent, or a combination thereof in a solid or semisolid form. The use of soap per se or a combination being preferred

To amplify the function of polishing the metal surfaces, using substrates containing abrasives as previously described, in combination with a lubricating agent greatly increases polishing ability over the abrasive webs alone. It has been found that soaps, or soaps, in conjunction with detergents are superior lubricating agents than detergents alone.

It has also been found that waxes, and particular carnauba wax, are excellent lubricating agents alone or dispersed within soaps, or soap detergent mixtures when used in conjunction with the abrasive webs of this invention. It has been found that lubricants, suitably fatty acid lubricants, particularly stearic acid, when applied to the individual abrasive particles before applying these abrasive particles to the heretofore mentioned webs either alone or with soaps and soap detergent mixtures, yield superior results. Also, a natural wax when admixed with water, can be sprayed in a very thin film on the surface of the particles or the completed abrasive webs.

An article of the present invention may comprise a soap solid at ambient temperature. A large number of such soaps are available in commerce. Such soaps, as well as the foregoing waxes or lubricants, may be coated over all of the fibers by, say, immersion into a bath of liquid soap or, more suitably, injected in the liquid state into the interior of the article.

The soap may be disposed between a second or an inner web of foamed material and one of the outer webs of abrasive material. Alternatively, the cleansing agent is heated to a liquid state, injected into the inner web and permitted to solidify on cooling. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that where the flame sealing embodiment is employed, the cleansing material will tend to be melted into the inner web. Suitably, the amount of soap is between 25 and 75% by weight of the

SUBSTITUTE SHEET entire article.

The abrasive material is finely divided, water insoluble abrasive which complies with the aforementioned hardness criteria, having a size range of about 10 to about 300 microns. It may be a metal, a naturally occurring mineral or a glasc. Suitable materials include copper alloy, iron, nickel alloy or steel, especially finely divided stainless steel. Spherical glass beads are also useful both ex ι§ and in conjunction with other abrasives. Suitably the abrasive material is coated at a density of between about 140 and about 250 g/m² of gross area. The term gross area means the area obtained by, say, multiplying the breadth times the width of a given rectangular surface. It does not mean the actual surface area provided by each individual fibre, which would be a very substantially larger amount.

The abrasive particles may be sprayed onto the outer webs in a particle binder through spray nozzles prior to the cutting step. Alternatively, and preferably, a binder is sprayed onto the needle punched web and the abrasive powder sprayed onto said coating. Optionally, an upper coating of binder is applied and the entire web is cured. Thereafter, if desired, the cleansing agent is added and the pads cut to desired size or the foamed synthetic thermoplastic layer is attached to a single web or laminated between two webs and the cleansing agent added. As binders theie may be employed any suitable binders which set to a resin which is substantially insoluble in water and organic solvents after evaporation of the aerosol carrier therefore.

This technique of application is equally applicable when, in place of a web the substrate is a foam pad, a woven or non-woven fabric or a substantially water resistant paper.

It is therefore an object of this invention to improve upon a cleansing aid in the form of an abrasive pad and adaptable for home use in scouring kitchen utensils made of metals, such as moderately soft metals such as aluminum, bronze, brass or copper. Improvements in scouring utensils of stainless steel can also be used.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET 10

It is a further object of this invention to provide a cleansing aid in the form of a scouring pad having a self-contained supply of cleansing agent incorporated therewith.

It is also an object of this invention to provide an abrasive souring pad with means for preventing unnecessary waste of the cleansing agent incorporated therewith.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide an improved method for fabricating a cleansing aid in the form of an abrasive scouring pad which may have incorporated therewith a self-contained cleansing agent.

Further objects of the invention, together with the features contributing thereto and the advantages accruing therefrom, will be apparent from the following description when read in conjunction with the drawings wherein:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a side elevational sectional view of a scouring pad according to one embodiment of the instant invention.

Figure 2 is a side elevational sectional view of a scouring pad according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Figure 3 is a side elevational sectional view of a third embodiment.

Figure 4 is a side elevational sectional view of a scouring pad according to still another modification of the third embodiment of the invention.

Figure 5 is a plan of the pad shown in Figure 4 at section 5 - 5.

Figure 6 is a side elevational sectional view of a scouring pad according to still another modification of the third embodiment of the invention showing the presence of a soap module.

Figure 7 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the process for fabricating scouring pads according to Figures 4 and 5 of the instant invention; and

Figure 8 is a more detailed view in enlarged scale of a part of the pad fabricating equipment illustrated in Figure 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Referring now in particular to Figures 1, it will be seen that a pad 100 in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention comprises web material 110. The initially substantially non-abrasive web material 110 is comprised of a plurality of individual fibers 112 randomly oriented, non-woven, and loosely held together at the points where they contact one another by needle punching. The web material 110 presents an open, lofty and somewhat resilient structure possessing extremely low density and containing a network of many relatively larger intercommunicating voids.

Referring now in particular to Figure 2, it will be seen that a pad 200, in accordance with this embodiment of the invention comprises a laminate structure which includes upper lamina 210 of web material and a further lamina 220 of a synthetic sponge-like foamed plastic material, joined thereto at surface 222.

Referring now in particular to Figures 3, a pad 300 in accordance with these embodiments of the invention comprises a sandwich laminate structure which includes upper lamina 210 of web material, a further lamina 320 of a synthetic sponge-like foamed plastic material joined thereto at 322 and a further lower layer of web material 311, joined to said foam lamina 320 at 324.

Referring now in particular to Figures 4 through 5, a pad 400 in accordance with these embodiments of the invention comprises a laminate structure which

SUBSTITUTE SHEET includes upper lamina 410 of web material, a further lamina 420 of a synthetic sponge-like foamed plastic material and a further lower layer of web material 411, which is sealed at the edges to provide a scraping edge 419.

In the embodiments of Figures 1-5 which contain a cleansing agent 330, the cleansing agent may be disposed over the fibers of the outer web, suitably by dipping into said cleansing agent in the liquid phase.

Alternatively, in the embodiments of Figures 2-5, a discrete amount of cleansing agent may be disposed within the pad at the interfaces 222, 322, 324 or 424 between the foam lamina 220, 320 or 420 and the web lamina 210, 310 or 410 respectively. Alternatively within the foam laminae 220, 320 or 420 is a water soluble cleansing agent 330 which may be either a soap, synthetic detergent, or a combination of both. The cleansing agent is introduced to the pad during fabrication thereof as a pasty, semisolid deposit which may, however, before usage, depending upon the length of time between fabrication of the pad and usage, dry out and become solid so as to constitute a thin tablet or wafer. The cleansing agent could, however, if desired, be initially incorporated into the pad structure in a solid tablet or wafer form.

The foam lamina 220, 320 or 420 comprises a web of foamed plastic material such as polyurethane or the like. Such materials are flexible and compressible thereby providing added resilience to the overall pad structure. Such material Is also, due to its cellular structure, higher absorbent, thereby enabling it to serve as a reservoir for retaining the cleansing agent in liquified form after application of water thereto. In use, pressure applied to the pad incident to the scrubbing action compresses the foam material of the inner lamina causing it to exude the retained solution of cleansing agent which thereupon flows freely through the open structure of the outer lamina of the pad to the pad outer surface to assist and complement the abrasive action of the pad in removing the dirt, grease or other foreign substances from the article being cleaned.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET In the form of pad illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the border areas of the three laminae 410, 420 and 411 are bound together under application of suitable heat and pressure at said border areas to form a heat seal bond firmly securing the respective laminae into a unified and integral pad structure. Application of a suitable degree of heat to the border area of the pad when under compression breaks down the cellular structure of the foamed thermoplastic material of the inner lamina 420 to render it more dense while fusing thereto the web material of the outer laminae 410, 411. At the same time, the fibers 110 of the outer laminae become bound together by the binder incorporated therewith under the influence of the heat to result in a fin- sealed lip or edge 429 as shown. The fin-sealed edge constitutes a relatively thin and rigid pad portion having, after coating, a good abrasive surface thereby being particularly effective and useful for reaching into small cracks, crevices or other small openings in the article or utensil to be cleaned, which type of openings could not be effectively cleaned in the absence of such a fin-sealed edge on the pad. Also, by binding the respective laminae together in this manner, it will be apparent that the interface between the major portions of the inner and outer laminae contain no impediment to the free flow or intercommunication of water or cleansing solution therebetween.

The detailed structure of the devices of the present invention is readily illustrated by reference to Figure 6. To the needle punched web 316 is added a binder, preferably resin, which coats each fiber along its length and particularly at the juncture points between the respective fibers is sprayed onto the web. Thereafter there is distributed along each fiber within the web material (but not exclusively present at said globules 314) are also fine particles of abrasive material 316 such as stainless steel powder, glass spheres and materials of similar hardness as defined above, the abrasive particles being adhered to the web structure by the said particle binder and preferably concentrated at or near the outer surface of the webs. If desired a further coat of binder 318 is applied over the abrasive 316. The soap module 326, in this modification, lies between web 310 and foam 320.

SUBSTfTUT The thickness of the web material constituting respective laminae of the pad is not critical and may be varied without substantially impairing the usefulness of the pad as a cleansing pad. Typically, the laminae of web material may have a thickness of about 0.6 to 1.25 cm., with the thickness of the foamed plastic material constituting the foam laminae of the pad being about 0.3 to 0.6 cm.. Pads comprised of laminae having the foregoing thickness dimensions have been found to be of an overall thickness which renders them highly effective as cleansing aids, and convenient to handle.

The fiber batt of 40 denier polyester can be formed using a variety of standard techniques known to one skilled in the art. A Rando-weber or a textile card equipped with a cross-lapper can be used to form the base web to the desired weight and thickness. Once formed, the web is ready for the application of bonding agents or alternately, the web can be fed into a needle punch machine to lightly tack the fibers together prior to applying bonding agents. The light punching of the fibers yields a web with significantly higher strength. The web can than be sprayed with resin ιo facilitate handling.

Alternatively, a web may be purchased commercially.

The resinated non-woven substrate roll is positioned on a delivery stand and^" fed to a base coat spray apron fitted with flat wire belt, and passed directly under an horizontal transverse reciprocator. The reciprocation is set at a predetermined rate and is fitted with a automatic recirculating airless gun and is also equipped with an on/off switch controlled by a programmable logic controller and inductive proximity limit switches to spray only a portion of the width substrate passing between the sprocket centers of the reciprocator. A wet coating is then supplied to it by an airless pump to provide the wet base coat required.

Immediately after the base coat spray apron, the wet substrate passes under a coating machine which has been modified to handle the dry abrasive powders.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET The abrasive powder is delivered onto the wet substrate across the width when it passes from the base coat to top coat spray apron.

A top coat spray apron similar to the base coat one carries the wet substrate with powder under a pneumatic cable cylinder horizontal transverse machine set at a predetermined rate is fitted with a conventional air atomizing automatic spray gun, equipped with an air nozzle and fluid nozzle. A pressure feed tank delivers the wet top coat to the gun. Fluid and atomizing air pressures are adjusted to deliver the top coat, if desired.

Immediately after the top coat spray apron, the wet substrate enters a gas fired and conveyorized oven to dry and cure the coating onto the substrate.

A take-up cart equipped with two wooden rolls moving in the same direction winds the coated substrate up into a roll when a cardboard core is positioned above the two rolls. After the first side is coated, the process is repeated for the opposite side.

Figure 7 depicts the process for fabricating the above described pad of Figures 4 and 5. As shown, elongate sheets of fibrous web material 610, 611 are supplied from spools 31 , 33 thereof, a sheet of foamed thermoplastic material 620 being supplied from a spool 32 thereof. The sheets are continuously withdrawn from their respective spools at a uniform rate, the sheet of web material 611 being fed through a suitably driven pair of feed rolls 35 while the other sheet of web material 610 and the sheet of foamed thermoplastic web material 620 are similarly fed by suitably driven feed rolls 36, 37 respectively. The sheet 610 is thereafter supported by a series of rolls 38, the sheet 620 being thereafter supported by a series of rolls

39. As the "Sheet 611 is fed into the nip of feed rolls 41 it is brought into contact with the sheet 620, the two sheets thereafter being fed in superposed relation beneath a dispenser 42 which is charged with the cleansing agent and deposits measured amounts thereof intermittently at spaced increments both laterally and longitudinally

SUBSTITUTE SHEET relative to the upper surface of sheet 620. As the two sheets 611 , 620 enter the nip of feed rolls 45, the upper surface of sheet 620 is brought into contact with sheet 6 which overlies the deposits of cleansing agent, the three sheets thereafter being fed in superposed relation to one another into a die-cutting press 50. Feed through the die-cutting press is intermittent in synchronism with the cyclic operation of the press, the momentary interruption of feed being compensated for by permitting the combined sheets to develop a loop between the feed rolls 45 and the press.

For fabricating the pads according to the Figure 1 embodiment thereof, the sealing press 50 operating to compress and heat seal the three sheets 611, 611 and 620 in a plurality of oval patterns to form the fin-seal edge 18 of the individual pad structure, after the sealing step the abrasive is sprayed on by jets 71 br 72. in the second stage of the operation, a cutting press 58 operates to cut or sever the three sheets at the heat sealed area so as to separate the individual pads from the elongate sheet material, which pads are then directed to a suitable conveying mechanism 51 for delivery of the completed pads to another location. The heat sealing and cutting pattern effected by the press on the sheets of web material can be seen in Figure 6 which shows a section of the sheet material remaining as scrap after individual pads have been separated therefrom. The individual pads are cut out from a pattern in which they are aligned in a series of transverse rows, the adjacent rows being relatively offset from one another in the interests of minimizing waste of the web material from which the pads are formed. It will of course be understood that the spacing of the areas cut away from the sheets to produce the individual pads is arranged to coincide with the placement of the cleansing agent deposited by the dispenser 42, so that each of the resulting pads will have incorporated therewith a deposit of said cleansing agent.

Figure 8 illustrates in greater detail the portion of the press effective in the first stage of operation for heat sealing the sheet material to form the fin-seal edge of the individual pads. As shown, the mechanism includes opposed heating dies 52 mounted in heated blocks 53 each provided with a plurality of electrical resistance

SUBSTITUTE SHEET heat cartridges 54. The blocks 53 are supported on posts 55 of heat insulating material, the posts 55 associated with the lower die being mounted on a stationary portion 56 of the press, the posts associated with the upper die being secured to a reciprocally driven portion 57 of the press. Preferably, heating of the web material is also achieved dielectrically by radio frequency energy supplied from a radio frequency pulse generator 60, the output of the generator being transmitted to the upper die 52 through a flexible conductor 61 connected thereto. Shorting out of the radio frequency energy across the gap between the dies 52 is prevented by coating the edge of the dies with a hard dielectric substance 62 such as a ceramic or the like. The use of dielectric heating by radio frequency energy lessens the time to heat the web material to the desired temperature. It also avoids the tendency which would otherwise exist for the dies to stick to the web material.

For fabricating the pad according to the Figures 2 and 3 embodiment, a slightly modified process is employed. According to this modified process for the Figure 2 embodiment, a gas burner manifold 65 provided with a series of gas jets is disposed so as to direct a flame on the undersurface of sheet 620 immediately prior to its being brought into contact with sheet 611 at the nip of the feed rolls 41. Accordingly, as the sheets 611 and 620 pass between the rolls 41 and the heated surface of sheet 620 starts to cool, the two sheets become flame laminated over their entire abutting surfaces.

For the Figure 3 embodiment, a similar gas burner manifold 66 is disposed so as to direct a flame over the entire upper surface of sheet 620 immediately prior to its being brought into contact with sheet 610 by the feed rolls 45. Accordingly, as sheets pass between rolls 45, sheet 610 becomes surface bonded to the upper surface of sheet 620, the three sheets being thereby bonded one to another at their respective Interfaces as they are fed into the press 50. In this modified process the press 52 performs only a single stage operation of severing individual pads from the elongate sheets. The heretofore described first stage of press operation, employed for producing pads of the Figure 1 embodiment, not being employed in the modified

E SHEET process for producing pads in accordance with the Figure 2 and 3 embodiment thereof.

Although there has been shown and described what are considered to be preferred embodiments of the invention, it is of course understood that obvious changes or variations could be made from the forms and techniques specifically described and disclosed herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is therefore intended that the invention be not limited to the precise forms and techniques herein shown and described nor to anything less than the whole of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1 Fiber batt formation The fiber batt of 40 denier polyester can be formed using a variety of standard techniques known to one skilled in the art. A Rando-weber, Model D, (manufactured by Rando Machine Co., Macedon, New York,) or a textile card equipped with a cross-lapper can be used to form the base web to the desired weight and thickness. Once formed, the web is ready for the application of bonding agents or alternately, the web can be fed into a needle punch machine to lightly tack the fibers together prior to applying bonding agents. The light punching of the fibers yields a web with significantly higher strength. The web is then lightly sprayed with an acrylic resin to facilitate handling.

Alternately, a web may be purchased commercially with the following specifications.

Weight - 2.5 mg./cm²

Fiber - 100% 40 Denier Polyester

Binder - Rohm & Haas TR 407 Fiber/Binder Ratio - 80/20

Thickness - 1.90 cm.

Among the suppliers of this material are E.R. Carpenter Co., Russelville, Kentucky; Moldan Corp., York, South Carolina, and Kemwove Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina.

EXAMPLE 2 Scrub Puff Coating Procedure a) First Base Coat

The resinated non-woven substrate roll is positioned on a delivery stand and fed to a base coat spray apron fitted with a 2.5 x 2.5 cm mesh flat wire belt, moving at 1.93 cm./min. The substrate passes directly under an Horizontal Transverse

SUBSTITUTE SHEET 20

Reciprocator Machine (DeVilbiss TypeTYDB-508). The reciprocation is set at 15 strokes/min. and is fitted with a Automatic Recirculating Airless Gun (Binks Model 560) and is also equipped with an on/off switch controlled by a programmable logic controller and inductive proximity limit switches to spray only the 111.76 cm. width substrate passing between the 200 cm. sprocket centers of the reciprocator. (0.53 cm.) orifice size is used in the gun. A wet coating (see Table I) is then supplied to it by an Airless Pump, (Aro Model 650465-811), rated at 20:1 fluid pressure to air inlet pressure. Approximately 2-8 Kg/cm² psi inlet pressure delivers the 2.099-3.205 g/m² wet base coat required.

b) Abrasive Coating

Immediately after the base coat spray apron, the wet substrate passes under a Christy Machine Company "Coat-O-Matic", Model 60"-DI-S, with modified to handle the dry abrasive powders. These modifications include an extra fine diamond knurled 3.175\cm diameter rotary dispensing shaft, additional density plate studs to hopper body, internal head pressure relief plate, additional front brush, and an alternate slide adjuster having a 111.76\cm symmetrical dispensing width. The abrasive powder (see Table I) is delivered onto the wet substrate across the width when it passes from the base coat to top coat spray apron. A setting of approximately 21% setting on the motor drive fitted to the rotary shaft delivers the 560 g/min. abrasive powder required for the 2.234 g/m² dry coat.

c) Second On Top Coat

A top coat spray apron similar to the base coat one and moving at 4.194\cm/min. carries the wet substrate with powder under a Pneumatic Cable Cylinder Horizontal Transverse Machine (Reciprocator). This reciprocator is set at approximately 70 strokes/min. and is fitted with a Binks Model 610 conventional air atomizing automatic spray gun, equipped with a #63 PE Air Nozzle and #63 Fluid Nozzle. A Pressure Feed Tank (DeVilbiss Type QM 5095-3), delivers the wet top coat (see Table I) to the gun. Fluid and atomizing air pressures are adjusted to deliver 148.-.1765 mg/m² top coat.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET Immediately after the top coat spray apron, the wet substrate enters a Sargent- Serial #2034 - gas fixed and conveyorized 4.267 m long oven, set at 162°C and 193.55 cm., to dry and cure the coating onto the substrate.

A take-up cart equipped with two wooden rolls moving in the same direction winds the coated substrate up into a roll when a cardboard core is positioned above the two rolls. After the first side is coated, the process is repeated for the opposite side.

EXAMPLE 3 Soap and Soap/Detergent Loading

Under mild agitation, there is added enough Armour Dial #7344 crushed soap pellets to water at 82°C to make a 30% solids solution. The soap solution is cooled to room temperature and injected into a device of Example 2 (wt. 4.4g.) with a syringe. The soap is allowed to dry to yield a device of 11.5 gms. wt.

In accordance with the above procedure, to the solution is added 4.49 gms. ± 7 an equal volume of Joy (trademark of Colgate-Polmolive) dishwashing detergent. Upon drying, a similar product is obtained.

EXAMPLE 4

Detergent Loading Full strength Joy (trademark of Colgate-Polmolive) dishwashing detergent is poured directly onto the device of Example 2. The detergent was allowed to dry to yield a device of 10 gms. wt. EXAMPLE 5

Qarnauba Wax

54°C water are premixed with 0.63 grams of Methocel F4M to make a high viscosity gel The premix is cooled to room temperature and 23 grams of Duramul

0814 - a 35% solid aqueous dispersion of Carnauba Wax (manufactured by Astor Wax Corp) is added. A portion (25 ml) of the formulation is injected into a device of

Example 2 with a syringe to provide, on drying, a device of 15.3 gms wt. EXAMPLE 6 Woven And Non-woven Substrates a) A typical abrasive formulation of the present invention comprises;

Wet Dry*

^' Water 100 Methocell KHMS 3.5 3.5 HA-12 acrylic emulsion 60 27 SCM 304 stainless steel coated 62.9 62.9 with lithium stearate

(*Net weight after drying)

b) Utilizing the procedures of Example 2a. The formulation of section

(9) above is applied to woven or non-woven substrate.

i) Woven: Terrycloth (234 g/m²) was coated with 175 g/m² per side

(one or two) of the above abrasive formulation.

ϋ) Non-woven: A natural cellulosic wipe (110 g/m²) was coated with 88 g/m² per side (one or two with the above formulation).

In accordance with the above procedure any of the above substrates listed herein can be similarly coated. Similarly, in place of SCM 304 any of the above abrasives listed in Table I which fall within the permitted parameters may be employed. Comparison £f polishing capability of certain abrasives

Controls A through Q

In accordance with the procedure of Example 2 the following abrasives were coated onto the substrates listed below:

A: Shelblast AD-10.5B, walnut shells; B: Novaculite 200 mesh sand; C: 1B0 mesh silicon carbide; D: 280 mesh silicon carbide; E: 280 mesh alumina; F: 200 mesh olivine sand. G: 100 mesh, stainless steel powder #304-LSC, SCM Corp,

Cleveland OH; H: ampal 611 atomized aluminum powder, United States Bronze

Powders, Inc., Flemington NJ; I: #2224 soda lime glass spheres, Potters Industries,

Inc., Hasbrouck Heights, NJ; J:¹ (ss) stainless steel flake #316, United States Bronze Powders, Inc., and ¹(gls) #3000 glass spheres, Potters Industries, Inc. * these abrasives were jτot sprayed on after the base coat but mixed in with the base coat and sprayed on with it; K: 434 unannealed stainless steel powder, SCM Corp.; L: iron alloy powder #4600, SCM Corp, Cleveland OH; M: #2227 soda lime glass spheres,

Potters Industries, Inc., Hasbrouck Heights, NJ: N: stainless steel powder #316-L. SCM Corp, Cleveland OH; O: annealed stainless steel powder #410-L, SCM Corp.

Cleveland OH; P: microcrystalline silicon dioxide, grade 200, Illinois Minerals

Company, Cairo, IL; Q: stainless steel powder #304-L, SCM Corp, Cleveland OH;

Substrates: PE/U 94.8 gm/m² needle punched polyester heat sealed to urethane foam. U: urethane foam.

Other components: Rhoplex HA12 is a water-based acrylic polymer, manufactured by Rohm and Haas Co, Philadelphia, PA. Astromel 6A and 8A are methylated melamine formaldehyde resins, manufactured by Astro Industries, Inc., Morganton, NJ. Cymel 301 is a hexamethoxymethylamine cross-linking agent. manufactured by American Cyanamid Co., Wayne, NJ. Luconyl Blue 708, a blue pigment dispersion, manufactured by BASF Corporation, Parsippany, NJ. AL 190 WD is a water dispersible aluminum paste, manufactured by United States Bronze Powders, Inc., Remington, NJ. MD200 is a non-leafing grade aluminum powder, manufactured by Alcan-Toyo America, Inc., Naperville, IL Silane A1106 is an aqueous solution of an aminoalkyi silicone, manufactured by Union Carbide Corp., Danbury, CT. Swift 22005 is a one component moisture cure polyurethane adhesive, manufactured by Swift Adhesives, Downers Grove, IL.

The resulting materials were tested for polishing/scratching qualities. The results are listed in Tables 1 (a),(b) and (c) below together with the appropriate base and top coat components and amounts. Sample 1 is urethane foam coated on both sides. Samples 2,3,6,8-12,16 and 18 are sandwiches of web material with web o each side (Figure 3), 1st and 2nd refer to the exposed sides of the web. Samples 4 and 5 are single laminates (Figure 2), and samples 13,14 and 15 are urethane foam coated on one side only.

While the substrates used were needle punched polyester and urethane foam

^■ and needle punched polyester is preferred, it is apparent that equal polishing results could be obtained by applying the abrasives in the hardness range indicated above 0 to other substrates such as woven and non-woven cloths, polyethylene, or vinyl foams, various wet strength papers, sponges and the like.

SUBSTITUTE S T POLISHING/SCRATCH TEST RF 11I Tfi TABLE 1 (a)

Abrasive A B C Substrate U PE/U PE/U

Rhoplex HA 12 250 250 250 Astro el NW6A 100 Astro el NW8A 100 Cymel 303/*307 100 Water

20%aq NH₄CI 20 BASFLucBlu 708 AL190WD 10 60 60 45 45

MD200 30.6 Silane A1106

Swift 22005 50

Sides bottc

Surface area cm 103 Wet base wt, g. 7.31

Abrasive wt. g.

Top Coat Wt. g.

Knoop Hardns.

Mho's Hardns. 3-4 6-7 Roc wellB Hrd.

Result non abr- agrssve scrtch severe scrtch too too too agrssve asive agrssve agrssve

Abrasives: A:Shelblast AD-10.5B, walnut shells; B:Novaculite 200 mesh sand; C: 180 mesh silicon carbide; D:280 mesh silicon carbide; E: 280 mesh alumina; F: 200 mesh divine sand. Substrates: PE/U 94.8 gm/m² needle punched polyester heat sealed to urethane foam. U: urethane foam.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET 26

0 11

Abrasive G K

Substrate PE/U PE/U Rhople HA 12 250 250

AstroMel NW6A 100 100

AstroMel NW8A

Cymel 303

Water 40 40 40 100 20%aq NH₄CI

BASFLuc Blu 708

AL190WD/900L* 45 45 45 25" 45

MD2000

St Steel Flk316L 72 Glass Sph#3000 100

Sides 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd

Surface area cm²161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 161

Wet base wt, g. 3.34 2.48 3.21 2.78 3.31 2.85 3.78 4.21 2.38 2.14

Abrasive wt. g. 1.25 1.30 2.65 2.65 2.91 2.91 1.23 1.07 Top Coat Wt. g. 0.2 0.77 0.63 0.81 0.66 0.87 0.17 0.17

Knoop Hardns.

Mho's Hardns. 2.0-2.9 6.09"

Rockwell B Hrd. 66 60^s

Result like Brillo No effect good polish v. gd polish more scratch than G

Abrasives: G: 100 mesh, stainless steel powder #304-LSC, SCM Corp, Cleveland OH; H: Ampal 611 atomized aluminum powder, US Bronze Co., Remington NJ; I: #2224 soda lime glass spheres, Potters Industries, Hasbrouck Heights, NJ; J: ¹(ss) stainless steel flake #316, US Bronze Co, and ²(gls) #3000 glass spheres, Potters Ind. * these abrasives were not sprayed on after the base coat but mixed in with the base coat and sprayed on with it; K: 434 unannealed stainless steel powder, SCM Corp.;

30 Abrasives: L: iron alloy powder #4600, SCM Corp, Cleveland OH; M: #2227 soda lime glass spheres, Potters Industries, Hasbrouck Heights, NJ; N: stainless steel powder #316-L, SCM Corp, Cleveland OH; O: annealed stainless steel powder #410-L, SCM Corp, Cleveland OH; P: microcrystalline silicon dioxide, grade 200, Illinois Mineral Inc., Cairo, IL; Q: stainless steel powder #304-L, SCM Corp, Cleveland OH;

35

SUBSTITUTE SHEET Comparison to Klecker U.S. Patent 4 078 340 Controls R - T

Following the guidelines of U.S. Patent 4,078,340, souring pads using Navajo FFFF pumice, Gemstar's Camel Carb (calcium carbonate) and Illinois Mineral's Imsil A-25, microcrystalline silice were prepared and evaluated to determine their polishing properties on aluminum panels.

R - Pumice as an Abrasive

Component Weight (a) Water 242.0

Foammaster AP 0.5

Methocel F4M 6.0

Rhoplex HA-121 25.0

Astro Mel NW-6A 62.5 Luc Green 936 1.0

Navajo FFFF Pumice 64.6

501.6

S - Calcium Carbonate an Abrasive

Component Weight ( ,

Water 242.0

Methocel F4M 6.0 Rhoplex HA-12 125.0

Astro Mel NW-6A 62.5

Luc Green 936 2.0

Camel Carb (CaC0₃) 64.6

502.1 Applied 16.6 grams to a 4" x 4" piece of 8.6 oz/yd² needle punched polyester.

The coating was dried in a 300°F oven for one hour.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET T jSjijca as an Abrasive

Component Weight fg.l

Water 242.0

Methocel F4M 6.0 Rhoplex HA-12 125.0

Astro Mel NW-64 62.5

Luc Green 936 2.0 Imsil A-25 64.6

502.1

Applied 15.3 grams to a 4" x 4" piece of 8.6 oz./yd.² needle punched polyester. The coating was dried in a 300°F for one hour.

A polishing test was performed on Ryerson #3003 aluminum panels. A panel was scoured using a 2% solution of Joy with a moderate amount of hand pressure. These abrasives did not provide good polishing properties in comparison to stainless steel and steel wool. However, the scouring pad containing Pumice was rated fair compared to calcium carbonate, which were rated as ineffective and silica which was unacceptable due to scratching.

Haze Reflection Measurement.

In order to determine the relative efficacy of certain lubricants, in particular soaps and detergents. Devices of Example 2 coated 304-LSC, S.S. Powder, (lithium stearate stainless steel powder) 100 Mesh, and Steel Wood (Grade #1 Medium Course) were utilized to polish Ryerson # 3003 aluminum panels under an approximately 2% aqueous solution or suspension of these lubricants. The resulting panels were examined by a Spectrogard Color System spectrophotometer (manufactured by Gardner Laboratories, Silver Spring, MD). The significant reading is the Y reading. Values of Y > 30 are not acceptable.

The results for controls LA - LR are summarized in Table 3 below.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET TABLE 3 MEASUREMENT OF HAZE REFLECTION

(MACHINE CONDITIONS: 1964 ciβ 10°,CIE ILLUMINANT.D65 (DAYLIGHT)

SPECULAR COMPONENT EXCLUDED.)

PANEL SCOURING FORMULATION TRISTIMULUS VALUES CIE X, *POUSHING PROP. ID PAD Y, Z 1 =BEST,

20 --WORST

LL STEEL WOOL 1.98% SOS Soap 17.40. 18.17. 20 13

LN STEEL WOOL 1.99% aqueous solution of 1845, 19.58, 22 14 Armour Dial #7344 with Zonyt FST (0.2% Zonyl FST based on total solids)

LK STEEL WOOL 1.98% aqueous solution of Armour 19.64, 2084. 2356 Dial # 7344

LM STEEL WOOL 1.98% aqueous solution of Joy 2048, 21.76, 24.68

LT STEEL WOOL 2.0% aq. soln of Ajax (Colgate- 21.65, 23.00, 26 13 Palmolive dishwashing detergent)

LA SCRUB PUFF 1.98% aqueous solution of Armour 23.01, 24.37, 27 B6

LB SCRUB PUFF 1.98% aqueous solution of SOS 24.56, 2599, 28.80 soap

LQ STEEL WOOL 20% aqueous solution of Bio Soft 28.03, 29.72, 32.86

D-62 (LHS)

LD SCRUB PUFF 99% aqueous solution of Armour 28.37, 30.00, 32.94 Dial # 7344 with Zonyl FST, 0.2% Zonyt FST based on total solids

LR STEEL WOOL 2.0% aqueous solution of sodium 29.15, 30.94, 34.79 10 Lauryl sulfates

LC SCRUB PUFF 1.93% aqueous solution of Joy (P 36.38. 38.51. 42.26 11 &G)

SUBSTITUTE SHEET PANEL SCOURING FORMULATION TRISTIMULUS VALUES CIE X *POUSHING PROP.

ID PAD Y, z LG SCRUB PUFF 2.0% aqueous solution of Bio Soft 40.20, 42.50, 45.97 12

D-62 (US)

U SCRUB PUFF 2.0% aqueous solution of Ajax 41.44, 43.81, 47.52 13

(Colgate Pal olive)

LH SCRUB PUFF 2.0% aqueous solution of sodium 44.34, 46.18. 49.56 14

Lauryl sulfate

LI SCRUB PUFF 2.0% aqueous solution of 46.92, 47.47, 52,34 15 lauramine oxide

LO STEEL WOOL Water 47.21, 49.89, 53.58 16

LF SCRUB PUFF 2.0% aq solution of Triton X-100 48.33. 5098 54.01 17

LE SCRUB PUFF Water 52.22, 52.94, 52.63 18

LS STEEL WOOL 2.0% aqueous solution of 52.36, 55.26, 58.94 1S lauramine oxide

LP STEEL WOOL 2.0% aqueous solution of Triton X- 52.40. 55.30. 58.68 100

* Lowest Y value indicates the least amount of surface haze, (maximum polish). Steel wool means a steel wool pad of grade #1, medium course, Scrub Puff means a device substantially as produced by Example 2.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

Claims (42)

I Claim:

1. An open low density abrasive article adapted for the cleaning of moderately soft metallic surfaces comprising: a substrate selected from the group consisting of i) a lofty open non-woven three dimensional web form substrate of a plurality of interlaced randomly extending flexible durable, tough, resilient organic fibers having a diameter of from about 25 to about 250 microns, said web fibers being firmly adhesively bonded together at points where they cross and contact each other to form a three-dimensionally integrated structure throughout said web, there being defined throughout said article a tridimensionally extending network of intercommunicating voids constituting the major portion of the volume of the said article, said article being flexible and readily compressible and, upon release of pressure capable of recovering substantially completely to its initial form, the interstices between adjacent fibers being open and substantially unfilled by binder or abrasive, ii) a polymeric flexible foam selected from the group consisting of urethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, silicone rubber, neoprene and natural rubber latex of density between about 0.015 g/cm³ and about 0.1 g/cπr.

Hi) woven fabrics of natural and synthetic fibers selected from the group consisting of terry, duck, twill, oznaberg, and leno of surface density between about

100 g/m² and about 410 g/m², iv) non-woven fabrics of natural and synthetic fibers selected from the group consisting of spunbonded, fibre entangled, thermal and chemical bonded and needle punched of surface density between about 75 g/m² and about 285 g/m² and v) high wet strength, substantially water resistant papers of the kraft or zinc chloride treated type of surface density from about 100 g/m² to about 1kg/m², and abrasive particles distributed upon and within said substrate and firmly bonded to the substrate fibers by a relatively hard binder, wherein said abrasive is defined by any one of the measures of hardness selected from the group of measures consisting of: a) Mho's 4.5 - 6.3

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

2. An article of Claim 1 wherein the substrate is a lofty open non-woven three dimensional web form substrate of a plurality of interlaced randomly extending flexible durable, tough, resilient organic fibers having a diameter of from about 25 to about 250 microns, said web fibers being firmly adhesively bonded together at points where they cross and contact each other to form a three-dimensionally integrated structure throughout said web, there being defined throughout said article a tridimensionally extending network of intercommunicating voids constituting the major portion of the volume of the said article, said article being flexible and readily compressible and, upon release of pressure capable of recovering substantially completely to its initial form, the interstices between adjacent fibers being open and substantially unfilled by binder or abrasive and the abrasive particles are distributed upon and within said web and firmly bonded to the web fibers.

3. An article of Claim 1 wherein the substrate is a polymeric flexible foam.

4. An article of Claim 1 wherein the substrate is a woven fabric of natural and synthetic fibers selected from the group of fibers consisting of cotton, polyester or nylon.

5. An article of Claim 1 wherein the substrate is a non-woven fabric of natural and synthetic fibers selected from the group of fibers consisting of rayon, polyester or nylon.

6. An article of Claim 1 wherein the substrate is paper.

7. An article of claim 1 wherein the metallic surface is aluminum, copper,

SUBSTITUTE SHEET brass or bronze.

8. An article of claim 1 wherein the abrasive material is finely divided copper alloy, iron, nickel alloy spherical glass beads or steel.

9. An article of claim 8 wherein the abrasive material is finely divided stainless steel.

10. An article of claim 1 wherein the abrasive material is a finely divided mineral.

11. An article of claim 1 wherein the abrasive material is spherical glass beads.

12. An article of claim 9 wherein the abrasive material additionally comprises spherical glass beads.

13. An article of claim 1 wherein the abrasive material is finely divided and does not exceed 300 microns in diameter.

14. An article of claim 2 wherein the comprising a coating of said abrasive material on said web substrate of a density of between about 140 and about 250 g/m² of gross area.

15. An article of claim 1 additionally comprising a lubricant.

16. An article of Claim 15 wherein the abrasive particles are coated with the lubricant.

17. An article of claim 15 wherein the lubricant comprises a soap, solid at ambient temperature.

18. An article of claim 15 wherein the lubricant comprises a wax, solid at ambient temperature.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

19. An article of claim 15 wherein the lubricant comprises carnauba wax.

20. An article of claim 15 wherein the lubricant comprises a fatty acid.

21. An article of claim 17 wherein the amount of soap is between 25 and 75% by weight of the entire article.

22. An article of claim 18 wherein the amount of wax is between 5 and 40% by weight of the entire article.

23. An article of claim 2 in layer form, having an upper and a lower surface, additionally comprising a layer of natural or synthetic sponge-like material attached to one of said surfaces.

24. An article of Claim 23 comprising a sponge-like layer sandwiched between two layers of abrasive coated web.

25. An article of Claim 23 comprising a sponge-like layer encapsulated within layers of abrasive coated web.

26. An article of claim 23 additionally comprising a soap, solid at ambient temperature.

27. An article of claim 3 in layer form, having an upper and a lower surface, additionally comprising a layer of natural or synthetic sponge-like material attached to one of said surfaces.

28. An article of Claim 27 comprising a sponge-like layer sandwiched between two layers of abrasive coated web.

29. An article of Claim 27 comprising a sponge-like layer encapsulated within layers of abrasive coated web.

30. An article of claim 27 additionally comprising a soap, solid at ambient

SUBSTITUTE SHEET temperature.

31. An article of claim 4 in layer form, having an upper and a lower surface, additionally comprising a layer of natural or synthetic sponge-like material attached to one of said surfaces.

32. An article of Claim 31 comprising a sponge-like layer sandwiched between two layers of abrasive coated web.

33. An article of Claim 31 comprising a sponge-like layer encapsulated within layers of abrasive coated web.

34. An article of claim 31 additionally comprising a soap, solid at ambient temperature.

35. An article of claim 4 in layer form, having an upper and a lower surface, additionally comprising a layer of natural or synthetic sponge-like material attached to one of said surfaces.

36. An article of Claim 35 comprising a sponge-like layer sandwiched between two layers of abrasive coated web.

37. An article of Claim 35 comprising a sponge-like layer encapsulated within layers of abrasive coated web.

38. An article of claim 35 additionally comprising a soap, solid at ambient temperature.

39. An article of claim 5 in layer form, having an upper and a lower surface, additionally comprising a layer of natural or synthetic sponge-like material attached to one of said surfaces.

40. An article of Claim 39 comprising a sponge-like layer sandwiched between two layers of abrasive coated web.

41. An article of Claim 39 comprising a sponge-like layer encapsulated within layers of abrasive coated web.

42. An article of claim 39 additionally comprising a soap, solid at ambient temperature.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET