AU8272582A - Banking card for automatic teller machines and the like - Google Patents
Banking card for automatic teller machines and the likeInfo
- Publication number
- AU8272582A AU8272582A AU82725/82A AU8272582A AU8272582A AU 8272582 A AU8272582 A AU 8272582A AU 82725/82 A AU82725/82 A AU 82725/82A AU 8272582 A AU8272582 A AU 8272582A AU 8272582 A AU8272582 A AU 8272582A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- card
- strip
- laser
- recording material
- pits
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/002—Recording, reproducing or erasing systems characterised by the shape or form of the carrier
- G11B7/0033—Recording, reproducing or erasing systems characterised by the shape or form of the carrier with cards or other card-like flat carriers, e.g. flat sheets of optical film
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/08—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means
- G06K19/10—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards
- G06K19/14—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards the marking being sensed by radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
- G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
- Cameras Adapted For Combination With Other Photographic Or Optical Apparatuses (AREA)
- Optical Record Carriers And Manufacture Thereof (AREA)
- Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
Description
Description
Banking Card for Automatic Teller Machines and the Like
Technical Field
The invention relates to personal identification cards and more particularly to a data card which can be used in an automatic teller machine and the like.
Background Art
In metropolitan areas, electronic fund transfer systems allow bank customers to transact business at all hours of the day .and from many locations. However, one of the problems which is encountered is with security. Normally, a bank has centralized data processing and all automatic teller machines (ATMs) are linked to this computer (CPU) by dedicated communication lines, such as telephone or microwave links.
Frequently, for purposes of security, the ATM is installed within the walls of the bank. This is done for two reasons. First, the ATMs have a lot of money. Second, access to the ATMs is strictly controlled, including access to the communication links. Thus, there is not only a requirement for physical security on account of the money involved, but there is also a requirement for communications security because communication devices grant access to the money. It is widely recognized that communications security is one of the weak links in ATM banking. In order to improve communications security, most banks have adopted data encryption between the ATM and the CPU. The problem with data encryption is that it makes system maintenance more complicated and makes the ATM machines themselves more cumbersome. Furthermore, a new security problem is created, namely security for the encryption system. The security for the cryptographic devices must be almost as great as for the ATM itself, since these devices contain the clear data. A solution is to build such devices into the ATM so that data emerging from the ATM is encrypted.
While encrypted ATMs are now used in large metropolitan areas, electronic fund transfer systems are not used in smaller isolated communities
where a communications link to the CPU in a metropolitan area is quite expensive and in many instances prohibit use of ATMs. Many such communities still use modernized versions of paper passbook banking and for the foreseeable future it appears that this method of banking will remain as the primary method of doing banking business. In these communities, as well as in metropolitan areas, it would be desirable to revert to more simplified ATMs, namely ones without expensive telecommunications links to a CPU which require data encryption devices. Accordingly, it was an object of the invention to devise a banking card for facilitating electronic passbook banking in cooperation with an ATM, not connected to a remote CPU and without an external data encryption system.
Disclosure of Invention
The above objects have been met with a high information capacity data card for use with a card reader associated with ATMs and similar devices. The data card is a wallet-size card, such as a credit card with a data strip on the card, preferably parallel to the lengthwise dimension of the card. The strip comprise a high resolution, high capacity, reflective laser recording material. The laser recording material is intended as a record for passbook banking. In other words, a passbook type of record will be contained on the strip, with all deposits, withdrawals, interest payments and service charges. This data can be entered by an ATM which reads the strip for user identification and current data, then updates the current data with laser writing. One of the chief advantages of the present invention is the high information capacity of laser recording media strips. Typically, high resolution laser recording materials record pits having dimensions on the order of several microns or tens of microns. A high capacity laser recording material strip enables a credit card to carry the equivalent of scores of pages of text, more than ample for passbook banking applications, identification and similar ises.
Brief Description of Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan view of one side of a data card in accord with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a partial side sectional view taken along lines 2—2 in
Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a detail of laser writing on a portion of the laser recording strip illustrated by dashed lines in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a plan view of an apparatus for reading and writing on the optical recording media strip illustrated in Fig. 1.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
With reference to Figs. 1 and 2, a data card 11 is illustrated having a size common to most credit cards. The width dimension of such a card is approximately 54 mm and the length dimension is approximately
85 mm. These dimensions are not critical, but preferred because such a size easily fits into a wallet and has historically been adopts as a convenient size for automatic teller machines and the like. The , card's base 13 is a dielectric, usually a plastic material such as polyvinyl chloride or similar material. The surface finish of the base should have low specular reflectivity, preferably less than 10%. Base 13 has a shallow groove which carries strip 15. The strip is about 15 millimeters wide and extends the length of the card. Alternatively, the strip may have other sizes and orientations. The strip is relatively thin, approximately 100-500 microns, although this is not critical. The strip may be applied to the card by any convenient method which achieves flatness. The strip is adhered to the card with an adhesive and covered by a transparent laminating sheet 19 which serves to keep strip 15 flat, as well as protecting the strip from dust and scratches. Sheet 19 is a thin, transparent plastic sheet laminating material or a coating, such as a transparent laquer. The opposite side of base 13 may have user identification indicia embossed on the surface of the card. Other indicia such as card expiration data, card number and the like may be optionally provided. The high resolution laser recording material which forms strip
15 may be any of the reflective recording materials which have been developed for use as direct read-after-write (DRAW) optical disks, so long as the materials can be formed on thin substrates. An advantage of reflective materials over transmissive materials is that the read/write equipment is all on one side of the card and automatic focus is easier. For example, the
high resolution material described in U.S. patent 4,230,939 issued to de Bont, et al. teaches a thin m etallic recording layer of reflective metals such as Bi, Te, Ind, Sn, Cu, Al, Pt, Au, Rh, As, Sb, Ge, Se, Ga. Materials which are preferred are those having high reflectivity and low melting point, particularly Cd, Sn, Tl, Ind, Bi and amalgams. Suspensions of reflective metal particles in organic colloids also form low melting temperature laser recording media. The laser recording material which is selected should be compatible with the laser which is used for writing on it. Some materials are more sensitive than others at certain wavelengths. Good sensitivity to infrared light is preferred because infrared is affected least by scratches and dirt on the transparent laminating sheet. The selected recording material should have a favorable signal-to-noise ratio with the read/write system with which it is used. A large number of highly reflective laser recording materials have been used for optical data disk applications, Reflectivity should be at least 15% and preferably greater than 25%. Reflectivity of about 50% is preferred with reflectivity of a pit in the reflective material being less than 10%.
With reference to Fig. 3, a magnified view of laser writing on the laser recording material strip 15 may be seen. The dashed line 33, corresponds to the dashed line 33 in Fig. 1. The oblong pits 35 are aligned in a path and have generally similar dimensions; The pits are generally circular or oval in shape with the .axis of the oval perpendicular to the lengthwise dimension of the strip. A second group of pits 37 is shown aligned in a second path. The pits 37 have similar dimensions to the pits 35. The spacing between paths is not critical, except that the optics of the readback system should be able to easily distinguish between paths.
Presently, in optical disk technology, tracks which are separated by only a few microns may be resolved. The spacing and pattern of the pits along each path is selected for easy decoding. For example, oval pits of the type shown can be clustered and spaced in accord with self-clocking bar codes. If variations in the dimensions of a pit are required, such dimensions can be achieved by clustering pits, such as the double pit 39. Such variations are used in the ETAB bar code which is described in U.S. patent 4,245,152. While the American Bankers' Association has not yet adopted any particular code, the strip material is such that many machine
and eye readable codes can be accommodated. Some optical codes such as the Universal Product Code are both machine and eye readable. Such codes could also be accommodated, although a great deal more laser writing would be required, than with circuit or oval pits, and a much lower information density would be achieved. The pits illustrated in Fig. 3 have a recommended size of approximately 5 microns by 20 microns, or circular pits 5 microns or 10 microns in diameter. Generally, the smallest dimension of a pit should be less than 50 microns. In the preferred embodiment the largest dimension would also be less than 50 microns. Of course, to offset lower densities from larger pits, the size of the strip 15 or 25 could be expanded to the point where it covers a large extent of the card. In Fig. 1, the laser recording strip 25 could completely cover a single side of the card. A minimum information capacity of 250,000 bits is indicated and a storage capacity of over one million bits is preferable. In Fig. 4, a side view of the lengthwise dimension of a card 41 is shown. The card is usually received in a movable holder 42 which brings the card into the beam trajectory. A laser light source 43, preferably a pulsed semiconductor laser of infrared wavelength emits a beam 45 which passes through collimating and focussing optics 47. The beam is sampled by a beam splitter 49 which transmits a portion of the beam through a focusing lens 51 to a photodetector 53. The detector 53 confirms laser writing and is not essential. The beam is then directed to a first servo controlled mirror 55 which is mounted for rotation along the axis 57 in the direction indicated by the arrows A. The purpose of the mirror 55 is to find the lateral edges of the laser recording material in a coarse mode of operation and then in a fine mode of operation identify data paths which exist predetermined distances from the edges.
From mirror 55, the beam is directed toward mirror 61. This mirror is mounted for rotation at pivot 63. The purpose of mirror 55 is for fine control of motion of the beam along the length of the card. Coarse control of the lengthwise position of the card relative to the beam is achieved by motion of movable holder 42. The position of the holder may be established by a linear motor adjusted by a closed loop position servo system of the type used in magnetic disk drives. Reference position information may be prerecorded on the card so that position error signals may be generated and
used as feedback in motor control. Upon reading one data path, the mirror 55 is slightly rotated. The motor moves holder 41 lengthwise so that the path can be read, and so on. As light is scattered and reflected from the pits, the reflectivity of the beam changes relative to surrounding material where no pits exist. The beam should deliver sufficient laser pulse energy to the surface of the recording material to create pits. Typically, 5—10 milliwatts is required, depending on the recording material. The wavelength of the laser should be compatible with the recording material. In the read mode, power is lowered to about 5% of the record power. Differences in reflectivity between a pit and surrounding material are detected by light detector 65 which may be a photodiode. Light is focussed onto detector 65 by beam splitter 67 and focusing lens 69. Servo motors, not shown, control the positions of the mirrors and drive the mirrors in accord with instructions received from control circuits, as well as from feedback devices. The detector 65 produces electrical signals corresponding to pits. These signals are process-ed and recorded for subsequent display as useful information regarding the transaction recorded on the card.
In operation, the card of the present invention could be used just like a passbook. First the card is read to determine previously recorded information. Next, a user enters his transaction and if validated by an ATM, the ATM then causes data to be written on the first strip by means of the laser. The data represents a passbook entry with a new account status. Operating in this mode, a user may use the card of the present invention in free standing ATMs in isolated locations. While it is necessary for the ATM to make a record of each transaction, there is no need to transmit transaction data using telecommunication links to a CPU at a distant location.
Claims (10)
1. A data card for use with a card reader comprising, a wallet size card, and a strip of high resolution reflective laser recording material adhered to the card, the reflectivity of said first strip greater than 15%.
2. The card of Claim 1 wherein said strip has a minimal laser recording capacity of 250,000 binary bits, each bit being a pit in said laser recording material under 50 microns in size.
3. The card of Claim 2 wherein said strip includes previously recorded data bits represented by pits which are oblong and aligned in paths.
4. The card of Claim 3 wherein said pits are arranged in a self-clocking bar code.
5. A data card transaction system comprising, a wallet size card having opposed sides and a length equal to or exceeding a width, a strip of high resolution reflective laser recording material adhered to the card, the reflectivity of said strip greater than 15%, and a laser disposed in laser writing relation with respect to said strip, and a photodetector disposed in reflective read relation with respect to the laser and said strip.
6. The system of Claim 5 wherein said laser is a semiconductor diode laser.
7. The card of Claim 5 wherein said strip has a minimal laser recording capacity of 250,000 binary bits, each bit being a pit in said laser recording material under 50 microns in size.
8. The card of Claim 5 wherein said strip includes previously recorded data bits represented by pits which are oblong and aligned in paths.
9. The card of Claim 8 wherein said pits are arranged in a self-clocking bar code.
10. A method of electronic banking comprising, optically writing passbook banking information on a laser recording material mounted on a data card, presenting the data card to an automatic teller machine capable of reading and writing passbook information on the card, entering a new transaction in the automatic teller machine, and adding updated banking information through the automatic teller machine onto the laser recording material of the data card.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US23883381A | 1981-02-27 | 1981-02-27 | |
US238833 | 1981-02-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU8272582A true AU8272582A (en) | 1982-09-14 |
AU549957B2 AU549957B2 (en) | 1986-02-20 |
Family
ID=22899519
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU82725/82A Ceased AU549957B2 (en) | 1981-02-27 | 1982-02-12 | Banking card for automatic teller machines and the like |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0072854A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS58500437A (en) |
AU (1) | AU549957B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8206514A (en) |
ES (1) | ES8308112A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL65034A (en) |
MX (1) | MX155913A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1982002969A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4745268A (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1988-05-17 | Drexler Technology Corporation | Personal information card system |
US4734565A (en) * | 1983-10-12 | 1988-03-29 | Drexler Technology Corporation | Read-only optical card and system |
WO1986001026A1 (en) * | 1984-07-21 | 1986-02-13 | Sony Corporation | Apparatus for recording and/or reproducing optical cards |
DE3520278C2 (en) * | 1984-11-21 | 1995-12-21 | Drexler Tech | Optical information storage and recording card and method of making the same |
DE3650414T2 (en) * | 1985-02-18 | 1996-06-20 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Process for making optical data cards. |
GB8521363D0 (en) * | 1985-08-28 | 1985-10-02 | De La Rue Co Plc | Security card |
GB8521364D0 (en) * | 1985-08-28 | 1985-10-02 | De La Rue Co Plc | Security cards |
NL8503410A (en) * | 1985-12-11 | 1987-07-01 | Philips Nv | DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING INFORMATION BETWEEN AN ELECTRONIC MEMORY CARD AND A DATA PROCESSING UNIT. |
CA1295734C (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1992-02-11 | Kiyonobu Endo | Optical recording medium with tracking tracks arranged with a constant pitch and a method for detecting tracking signal from said medium |
JPS6391866A (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1988-04-22 | Sony Corp | Optical card recording and reproducing device |
EP0287394B1 (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1994-03-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing optical recording medium |
US5248990A (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1993-09-28 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing optical recording medium for optical data recording and reproduction |
JP2545253B2 (en) * | 1987-12-19 | 1996-10-16 | 藤森工業株式会社 | Laminate for protecting optical recording layer of optical card |
GB8905141D0 (en) * | 1989-03-07 | 1989-04-19 | De La Rue Co Plc | Improvements relating to identification articles |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4866403A (en) * | 1971-12-14 | 1973-09-12 | ||
US3947661A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1976-03-30 | Daniel Silverman | Access authenticating system |
FR2389284A1 (en) * | 1977-04-27 | 1978-11-24 | Cii Honeywell Bull | INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM PROTECTING THE SECRET OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION |
JPS5931746B2 (en) * | 1977-04-28 | 1984-08-03 | オムロン株式会社 | Transaction processing method |
NL7809159A (en) * | 1977-09-29 | 1979-04-02 | Philips Nv | INFORMATION REGISTRATION ELEMENT WITH DYE CONTAINING AUXILIARY LAYER. |
DE2747076C3 (en) * | 1977-10-20 | 1984-10-04 | Interflex Datensysteme Gmbh & Co Kg, 7730 Villingen-Schwenningen | Photoelectric code card reader |
JPS554724A (en) * | 1978-06-22 | 1980-01-14 | Canon Inc | Information recording and reproducing device |
NL7810462A (en) * | 1978-10-19 | 1980-04-22 | Philips Nv | REGISTRATION CONTAINER IN WHICH INFORMATION IS PRESENTED IN AN OPTICALLY READABLE RADIATION-REFLECTING INFORMATION STRUCTURE |
US4345261A (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1982-08-17 | Discovision Associates | Dielectric recording medium |
-
1982
- 1982-02-12 JP JP57501044A patent/JPS58500437A/en active Granted
- 1982-02-12 AU AU82725/82A patent/AU549957B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-02-12 BR BR8206514A patent/BR8206514A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-12 WO PCT/US1982/000188 patent/WO1982002969A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-02-12 EP EP19820901057 patent/EP0072854A4/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-02-17 IL IL65034A patent/IL65034A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-26 ES ES509950A patent/ES8308112A1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-26 MX MX191606A patent/MX155913A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES509950A0 (en) | 1983-08-16 |
IL65034A (en) | 1984-12-31 |
WO1982002969A1 (en) | 1982-09-02 |
JPH0472292B2 (en) | 1992-11-17 |
IL65034A0 (en) | 1982-04-30 |
JPS58500437A (en) | 1983-03-24 |
MX155913A (en) | 1988-05-23 |
ES8308112A1 (en) | 1983-08-16 |
BR8206514A (en) | 1983-01-25 |
EP0072854A1 (en) | 1983-03-02 |
EP0072854A4 (en) | 1986-01-14 |
AU549957B2 (en) | 1986-02-20 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |