AU762520B2

AU762520B2 - Hydraulic fluid

Info

Publication number: AU762520B2
Application number: AU38203/00A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Andrew John Holmes; Cameron William Watson
Original assignee: Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Current assignee: Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date: 1999-04-14
Filing date: 2000-04-11
Publication date: 2003-06-26
Anticipated expiration: 2020-04-11
Also published as: CA2370468A1; BR0009738A; WO2000063325A1; CN1229477C; EP1173534B1; AU3820300A; ZA200108402B; CN1349556A; EP1173534A1; CA2370468C; JP5378632B2; KR20020010602A; JP2002542378A; BR0009738B1; KR100697579B1

Description

WO 00/63325 PCT/EPOO/03258 1 HYDRAULIC FLUID The present invention relates to a hydraulic fluid.

Background of the Invention WO 93/03121 relates to hydraulic fluids having improved wet filterability and having increased resistance to loss of zinc when the oil is exposed to water. These compositions comprise a combination of a metal salt selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, phenates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof, an aliphatic carboxylic acid or anhydride, or carboxylic acid group containing derivative thereof, wherein the aliphatic group contains at least 20 carbon atoms, and optionally a metal salt of at least one organic phosphorus acid or mixture of at least one organic phosphorus acid and at least one carboxylic acid group, and optionally

(D)

triazole. In one embodiment, the carboxylic acids of (A) are aromatic carboxylic acids. Zinc, calcium and magnesium salts of these aromatic carboxylic acids, and especially salicylic acids, are preferred. Although magnesium salicylate and zinc dithiophosphate are both mentioned per se, there is no teaching to use the combination of these compounds.

WO 89/04358 relates to compositions comprising a neutral or basic metal salt of an acidic organic compound, a metal deactivator, preferably an optionally substituted benzotriazole, and a sulfur and/or phosphorus-containing compound selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-containing amide, phosphorus-containing ester, sulfur-coupled WO 00/63325 PCT/EPOO/03258 2 dithiocarbamate, sulfur-containing compound according to formula Particularly preferred metals for the salts are sodium, magnesium, calcium or mixtures of two or more thereof. In the extensive list of additional compounds which can be present, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate is mentioned. Although magnesium salicylate and zinc dithiophosphate are both mentioned per se, there is no teaching to use the combination of these compounds.

EP-A-604 218 describes functional fluids comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, at least one metal salt of thiophosphoric acid, a zinc salt of salicylic acid, and a rust inhibitor, which fluid contains less than about 1 %wt of dispersant and less than about 1 %wt of basic sulfonate salt. The thiophosphoric acid is most commonly a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid; the metal is most preferably zinc. The teaching of the document is restricted to the use of zinc salicylate.

In US-A-4,627,928, a process has been described for preparing basic magnesium salicylates which can be characterised as having a magnesium content of at least 150% up to 500%, of the stoichiometrically equivalent amount of magnesium based on the amount of total acid present. The magnesium salts obtained are described to be suitable for use as additives in general, more specifically as additives for a variety of lubricating oils and fuels, e.g. gasoline and diesel fuels. It is mentioned that these specific magnesium salicylates can be used in combination with a wide range of other compounds. There is no disclosure or teaching to apply a combination of zinc dithiophosphate and magnesium salicylate in a hydraulic fluid.

0 4 -200 1 14:49 FROM SHELL INTERNTIONRL TO 000498923994465 EP 000003258 3 Hydraulic fluids need to meet special requirements as they both lubricate and transmit pressure. In order to meet these requirements, hydraulic fluids contain additives. Generally, hydraulic fluids contain antiwear/extreme pressure additives. The conditions for a hydraulic fluid are especially difficult in vane pumps where the vane tips slide against the casing at high speed under heavy load and at high temperature. Further, the increasingly high operating temperatures of modern hydraulic equipment requires the fluid to be thermally stable to avoid the formation of deposits and sludge and to resist the corrosion of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The requirement of good thermal stability in hydraulic fluids containing an anti-wear additive, means that these additives are often used in combination with detergents. However, the calcium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonates, alkyl-naphthalene sulphonates, petroleum sulphonates, alkylphenates, alkyl sulphurized phenates or alkylsalicylates which are usually applied, give increased wear. The increased wear is especially marked in vane pumps, more specifically under low load conditions. Low load conditions occur in practice when the pump. is idle.

WO-A-97/10318 describes lubricants with improved acid neutralisation properties and excellent sludge' and wear performance in the Seq. 5E test. Said lubricants are formed using a detergent system comprising one or more alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of an oil soluble organic acid selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids, phenols, sulfurised phenols and AMENDED SHEET If~ f~d 11 -04-20 11-U-L0~1 200 14:49 NFOM SHELL INTER~NATIONAL TO 000498923994465 =r UJ -4carboxylic acids (including saliCylate acids) wherein at least one metal salt is overbased and the ratio of inorganic to organic salt present in the detergent system expressed as TBN from inorganic salts (the overbasing) to the total moles of organic salt is at least 2500.

558 802 describes multigrade crankcase lubricants that have, good low temperature pumpability and low volatility.

US-A-5 558 802 states that neutral and overbased calcium'salts of organic acids have been found to increase low-temperature high shear viscosity when measured in a cold cranking simulator (CCS).

in order to produce lubricants with low CCS viscosities under high shear rates to allow the engine to crank more easily at lower temperatures and thus improve engine startability at those ambient temperatures), it is said in US-A-S 558 802 that these salts should be avoided altogether or used at a level not exceeding 0.0007 moles of calcium salt per 100 grams of lubricant.

WO-A-96/37582 describes lubricating oil compositions for internal -combustion engines, automatic transmission gearboxes, dampers, power steering units and the like.

Lubricating oils of described in WO-A-9G/37582 comprise sulfoxymolybdenum dithiocarbamate having a specific alkyl group, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate having a specific alkyl group, specific alkylsalicylate(s), and, if desired, succinimide )0003258 AMENDED SHEET 4 containing boron, each in a predetermined amount intra lubricating oil base stock.

US-A-4,462,918 describes a lubricating oil composition comprising a major proportion of a lubricating oil and a minor proportion of each of a Group II metal dithiophosphate and a composition having the formula:

R'O.CO.CR

2

(NR

3

R

4

).CR

6

R

7

.CO.OR

5 where R 2

R

3

R

4

R

5

R

6 and R 7 are hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical containing 1-30 carbon atoms, and wherein R 3 or R 4 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbon containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and acyl containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

Summary of the Invention It has now surprisingly been found that hydraulic fluid containing a combination of magnesium salicylate and zinc dithiophosphate, gives improved performance at low load compared with a combination containing calcium salicylate. Additionally, it was found that this combination also provides greater thermal stability. Less sludge and deposits are formed when subjecting the hydraulic fluid of the present invention to the Cincinnati Milacron Thermal Stability Test.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use of a composition comprising a lubricant base oil in combination with from 0.001 to %wt of magnesium salicylate, from 0.01 to 8 %wt of zinc dithiophosphate, to give improved wear performance at low load in a hydraulic fluid.

In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use of an additive package comprising magnesium salicylate, zinc dithiophosphate and optionally a dicarboxylic acid or its mono- or di-ester or its mono-amide or di-amide or imide containing in total between 4 and 70 carbon atoms, wherein the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to zinc dithiophosphate is from 1:5 to 1:100 and the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to dicarboxylic acid or its mono- or di-ester or its mono-amide or di-amide or imide is from 1:0 to 1:50, to prepare a hydraulic fluid with improved wear performance at low load.

In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an additive package for preparing a hydraulic fluid which additive package comprises :o 30 magnesium salicylate, zinc dithiophosphate and a compound according to the following formula I

R

3

R

4

C-COOR

1 (formula I)

R

6

R

7

X-CR

5

-COOR

2 [R:\LIBZZ]04178.doc:aak in which R, and R 2 are each hydrogen or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms;

R

3

R

4 and R 5 are each hydrogen or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X is CH or N and R 6 and R 7 are each hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid of up to 30 carbon atoms, wherein the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to zinc dithiophosphate is from to 1:100 and the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to compound according to formua I is from 1:0 to 1:50.

o [R:\LIBZZ]041 I78.doc:aak 01-04-2001 3014:50 FROM SHELL INTERNATIONAL TO 000498923994465 EP 000003258 -6- Detailed Description of the Invention The magnesium salicylate for use in the present invention can be either neutral or overbased. The expression "overbased" is equivalent to "basic", "superbased", "hyperbased" and "high-metal containing salts". These magnesium salicylates contain an excess metal content compared to the amount of metal which would be present according to the stoichiometry of the metal and the salicylic acid reacted with the metal.

Processes for making such neutral and basic metal salts are well known in the art. Neutral salts can be made by heating a mineral oil solution of an acidic organic compound with a stoichiometric equivalent amount of a metal neutralizing agent such as the metal oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, or sulfide at a temperature above 50 *C and filtering the resulting mass. Basic salts are made similarly with the exception that a stoichiometric excess of the metal is used.

Preferably, overbased magnesium salicylate is used.

These compositions can be characterized by their total base number (TBN). The total base number is preferably at least 100 mg KOH/g, more preferably at least 200 mg KOH/g, most preferably at least 300 mg KOH/g. The total base number is preferably at most 600 mg KOH/g. Another method of characterising overbased magnesium salicylates is by the magnesium content relative to the stoichiometrically equivalent amount of magnesium based on the amount of total acid present. Overbased magnesium salicyclates for use in the present invention preferably have a magnesium content of more than 500% of AMENDED SHEET 11-04-2001 2001 14:50 FROM SHELL INTERNATIONIL TO 000498923994465 EP 000003258 7 the stoichiometrically equivalent amount of magnesium based on the amount of total acid present, more preferably at least 550%.

The salicylate can be either substituted or unsubstituted. Suitable substituents include aliphatic groups containing from 1 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms, and hydroxy groups. Preferred substituents are alkyl groups containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferably, the substituents are linear. The salicylate can contain from 1 to 4 substituents, preferably from I to 3, most preferably 1 or 2 substituents. Most preferably, the salicylate is substituted by 1 linear alkyl group containing from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Generally, mono-alkyl salycylic acids are prepared by alkylation of phenol and subsequent carboxylation.

Therefore, a small amount (generally at most 20 %mol) of dialkyl salicylate and unsubstituted salicylate can be present in the mono-alkyl salicylate.

Magnesium salicylate which can be used in the present invention, is commercially available. A suitable commercial product is SAP 007 (ex Infineum). The magnesium salicylate will usually be supplied in combination with mineral oil. The amounts referred to in this document, relate to the compound per se without mineral oil.

A process by which suitable magnesium salicylate can be prepared, has been described in US-A-4,627,928.

AMENDED SHEET -12201"2001 14:50 FROM SHELL INTERNATIONAL TO 000496923994465 EP 000003258 Zinc dithiophosphate is well known in the art.

Preferred dithiophosphate for use in the present invention~are represented by the following formula O-R9 1I R (formula 11) in which R' and R' can be either hydrogen or an aliphatic group. The aliphatic group is preferably a hydrocarbyl group. The hydrocarbyl group optionally contains an acid, a hydroxy and/or an ester group. The hydrocarbyl group is preferably an alkyl containing up to 12 carbon atoms'optionally further containing an acid, a hydroxy and/or an ester group. The hydrocarbyl substituted dithiophosphate can contain I or 2 aliphatic groups, or it can be a mixture of dithiophosphates; having 1 aliphatic group and dithiophosphates having 2 aliphatic groups. Preferably, the zinc dithiophosphate is a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate.

Substituted dithiophosphates can contain primary, secondary and/or tertiary aliphatic substituents, i.e.

substituentB which are attached to the oxygen atom via a carbon atom attached to one, two or three further carbon atoms, respectively. in the present invention, it is preferred that at least 60 %wt of the aliphatic, preferably alkyl, substituents of the zinc dithiophosphate, are primary aliphatic substituents.

More preferably at least 80 %wt of the aliphatic substituents are primary aliphatic substitueits.

AMENDED SHEET -04-2001 2001 14:51 FROM SHELL INTERNATIONAL TO 000498923994465 EP 000003258 S9 Suitable zinc dithiophosphates which are commercially available include Elco 108 (ex Elco Corporation), Lz 1375 (ex Lubrizol), OLOA 4269Q (ex Oronite) and HITEC 680 (ex Ethyl).

The amount of magnesium salicylate which is present is preferably at most 1 %wt, based on total composition, more preferably at most 0.5 %wt, most preferably at most 0.3 %wt. The amount of magnesium salicylate which is present is preferably at least 0.001 %wt, more preferably at least 0.005 %wt more preferably at least 0.01 %wt, most preferably at least 0.015 %wt. The amount of zinc dithiophosphate which is present is preferably at most 5 %wt, based on total composition, more preferably at most 3 %wt, most preferably at most 1 %wt. The amount of zinc dithiophosphate which is present is preferably at least 0.05 %wt, more preferably at least 0.7 %wt, most preferably at least 0.1 %wt.

The hydraulic fluid can further comprise from 0.001 to 5 %wt of a rust inhibitor based on total composition, preferably a carboxylic acid or ester or amide or imide containing compound, more preferably a dicarboxylic acid or its mono- or di-ester or its monoamide or di-amide or imide, more preferably a dicarboxylic acid or its ester, amide or imide containing a total number of between 4 and 70 carbon atoms. More preferably, the number of carbon atoms of the compound is between 20 and 40. A preferred compound is an aliphatic succinimide or succinic diamide. Such compounds have been described in EP-A-776964.

AMENDED SHEET Most preferably, is from 0.001 to 5 %wt of a compound according to the following formula I

R

3

R

4

C-COOR,

S(formula

I)

RRX-CRs-COOR 2 in which R, and R 2 are each hydrogen or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R 3 R, and R s are each hydrogen or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X is CH or N and R, and R, are each hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid of up to 30 carbon atoms. Preferably, R, and R 2 are each an alkyl of from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, R 3

R

4 and R are each hydrogen, X is N and R, and R, are each an alkyl of 15 to 20 carbon atoms or an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acid containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one of R 6 and R, being an acyl group. Especially preferred is aspartic acid, N-(3-carboxy-l-oxo-2-propenyl)-octadecyl-bis(2- S 20 methylpropyl)ester. Such aspartic acid esters are commercially available. Processes for preparing such compounds having been described in EP-A-434 464.

The weight ratio in which the compounds of the present invention are present, can differ within wide 25 ranges. Preferably, the hydraulic fluid comprises magnesium salicylate, zinc dithiophosphate and optionally a rust inhibitor in such quantities that the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to zinc S.dithiophosphate is from 1:5 to 1:100 and the weight omeo 11-04-2001 1 14:51 FROM SHELL INTERNATIONAL TO 000498923994465 EP 000003258 11 ratio of magnesium salicylate to rust inhibitor is from to 1:50.

The lubricant base oils present in the hydraulic fluid of the present invention, can be any base fluid which is suitable for use in hydraulic fluids. The base oil can be a natural or a synthetic lubricant base oil, or a mixture thereof. The natural oil can be an animal oil or vegetable oil, such as lard oil or castor oil, or a mineral oil such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent treated or acid treated mineral lubricating oil of the paraffinic, .naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic/naphthenic type which may be further refined by hydrocracking and hydrofinishing processes and/or dewaxing. Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils and halosubstituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerised and interpolymerised olefins. A suitable base oil contains poly-alpha-olefins, such as polydecene. Preferably, the base oil is a hydrocarbon base oil. More preferably, the base fluid is a mineral oil which contains less than by weight of aromatic compounds, preferably less than by weight, most preferably less than 3.0 by weight, measured according to DIN 51378. It is further preferred that the base oil contains less than 1.0 %wt of sulphur, calculated as elemental sulphur, preferably less than 0.1 %wt, more preferably less than 0.05 %wt, measured according to ASTM D 4045. Such mineral oils can be prepared by severe hydroprocessing. Preferably, the lubricating oil has a kinematic viscosity in the range of from 5 to 220 cSt at 40 more preferably of from 10 to 200 cSt, most preferably of from 20 to 100 cSt.

AMENDED SHEET 11-04-2001 EP 000003258 11- 2001 14:51 FROM SHELL INTERNATIONAL TO 000498923994465000003258 12 The hydraulic fluid according to the present invention can contain further additives usually present in hydraulic fluids, such as pour point depressants, anti-foam agents and demulsifier. Pour point depressants generally are high molecular weight polymers such as alkylaromatic polymers and polymethacrylates. As antifoam agents, silicone polymers and/or polymethacrylates are generally used. Demulsifiers which are generally applied are polyalkylene glycol ethers. Furthermore, further detergents such as sulphonates and phenates, metal deactivators, antioxidants such as phenolic compounds, diphenyl amines and phenyl naphthyl amines, ashless anti-wear agents and/or ashless dispersants, such as succinimides, can be present.

The hydraulic fluids of the present invention contain magnesium salicylate. For specific applications, it can be advantageous that the fluids contain a combination of magnesium and calcium salicylate.

The components of the present invention can be added per se to a lubricating oil, or they can be mixed into an additive package before being added to the lubricating oil. The. additive package for preparing the hydraulic fluid preferably contains magnesium -salicylate, zinc dithiophosphate and optionally a dicarboxylic acid or its mono- or di-ester or its monoamide or di-amide or imide containing in total between 4 and 70 carbon atoms,, wherein the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to zinc dithiophosphate is from to 1:100 and the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to AMENDED SHEET MI ,wr~V)-0~rQ 11 -04-:fU'U1 2001 14:52 FROM SHELLI I NTERNAT I ONRL TO 000498923994465 I 13dicarboxylic acid or its mono- or di-ester or its monoamide or di-amide or imide is from 1:0 to 1:50.

Formulations were prepared containing the following additives: Magnesium salicylate: highly overbased magnesium alkylsalicylate having a total base number of 337 mug KOH/g (SAP 007 ex INFINBUM) and a magnesium content of about 750k of the stoichiometrically equivalent amount of magnesium based on the amount of total aciq, containing 40 %wt of mineral oil Calcium salicylate: overbased calcium alkylsalicylate having a total base number of 168'mg KOU/g (SAP 001 ex INFINEUM), containing 40 %Wt of mineral oil.

The amounts of metal salicylate mentioned in Table 1, are the amounts of metal salicylate per se, without mineral oil.

Zinc dithiophosphate: zinc di (ethylhexy3.)dithiophosphate (Elco 108 ex Elco corporation) Compound according to formula I: aspartic acid, N- (3carboxy-1-oxo-2-propenyl) -N-octadecyl bis (2rnethylpropyl) ester.

These compounds were added to a lubricant base oil containing less than 1.0 by weight of aromatic compounds, less than 0.05 twt of sulphur, calculated as elemental sulphur and having a kinematic viscosity in the range of 32 cSt (at 40 0) (ISO viscosity grade 32).

AMENDED SHEET 11-04-2001 EP 000003258 11-.04-2001 14:52 FROM SHELL INTERNATIONAL TO 000498923994465 EP 000003258 14 The compositions obtained are described in Table 1.

The amounts are of the compounds per se, excluding the mineral oil.

Compositions 1 and 2 were used in Vickers V104C vane pump tests. A new pump cartridge was used for each test.

The test duration was 250 hours, performed at a fluid temperature of about 66 at a fluid outlet pressure of 35 bar (3.5 MPa) and at a pump speed of 1450 revolutions per minute. The results are described in Table 1.

Table i Composition 1 Composition 2 magnesium salicylate 0.06 %wt calcium salicylate 0.06 %wt zinc dithiophosphate 0.37 %wt 0.37 %wt compound of formula I 0.10 %wt 0.10 %wt lubricant base oil balance balance Low load test ring weight loss (mg) 13 96 vane weight loss (mg) 2 1 total weight loss (mg) 15 97 From Table 1 it is clear that better protection against wear is provided by a composition containing magnesium salicylate than by a composition containing calcium salicylate The ring weight loss and total.weight loss incurred when using composition 1 is significantly less than that incurred when composition 2 is employed- The vane weight loss is similar for both compositions.

AMENDED SHEET

Claims

1. Use of a composition comprising a lubricant base oil in combination with from 0.001 to 5 %wt of magnesium salicylate, from 0.01 to 8 %wt of zinc dithiophosphate to give improved wear performance at low load in a hydraulic fluid.

2. Use of a composition according to claim 1, further comprising from 0.001 to 5 %wt of a dicarboxylic acid or its mono- or di-ester or its mono-amide or'di- amide or imide containing in total between 4 and carbon atoms.

3. Use of a composition according to claim 2, in which is a compound according to the following formula I R 3 R

4 C-COOR, (formula I) S* RRX-CRs-COOR2 in which R 1 and R 2 are each hydrogen or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R 3 R 4 and R 5 are S: each hydrogen or alkyr or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X is CH or N and R 6 and R 7 are each hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid of up to 30 carbon atoms.

Use of a composition according to any one of claims 25 1 to 3, comprising magnesium salicylate, zinc dithiophosphate and optionally a compound according to formula I in such quantities that the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to zinc dithiophosphate is from to 1:100 and the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to compound according to formula I is from 1:0 to 1:50. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which composition further comprises pour point depressant, anti-foam agent and/or demulsifier.

6. Use of an additive package comprising magnesium salicylate, zinc dithiophosphate and optionally a dicarboxylic acid or its mono- or di-ester or its mono- amide or di-amide or imide containing in total between 4 and 70 carbon, wherein the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to zinc dithiophosphate is from 1:5 to 1:100 and the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to dicarboxylic acid or its mono- or di-ester or its mono- amide or di-amide or imide is from 1:0 to 1:50, to prepare a hydraulic fluid with improved wear performance at low load.

7. A hydraulic fluid comprising a composition as defined'in Claim 1, with the proviso that the fluid S 20 further contains from 0.001 to 5 %wt of a compound according to the following formula I R 3 R 4 C-COOR, S(formula I) RRX-CR 5 -COOR, in which R 1 and R 2 are each hydrogen or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R 3 R 4 and R 5 are each hydrogen or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X is CH or N and R 6 and R 7 are each hydrogen, S alkyl or alkenyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an acyl 17 group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid of up to 30 carbon atoms.

8. A hydraulic fluid according to claim 7, comprising magnesium salicylate, zinc dithiophosphate and a compound according to formula I in such quantities that the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to zinc dithiophosphate is from 1:5 to 1:100 and the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to compound according to formula I is from 1:0 to 1:50.

9. A hydraulic fluid according to claim 7 or 8, which fluid further comprises pour point depressant, anti-foam agent and/or demulsifier.

Additive package for preparing a hydraulic fluid which additive package comprises magnesium salicylate, zinc dithiophosphate and a compound according to the following formula I R 3 R 4 C-COOR 1 (formula I) R 6 R 7 X-CR 5 -COOR 2 in which R 1 and R 2 are each hydrogen or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R 3 R 4 and R 5 are each hydrogen or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X is CH or N and R 6 and R 7 are each hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid of up to 30 carbon atoms, wherein the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to zinc dithiophosphate is from 1:5 to 1:100 and the weight ratio of magnesium salicylate to compound according to formula I is from 1:0 to 1:50.

11. Use of a composition comprising a lubricant base oil composition substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the examples to give L a improved wear performance at low load in a hydraulic fluid.

S12. Use of an additive package comprising magnesium salicylate, and zinc 25 dithiophosphate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the examples.

13. A hydraulic fluid comprising a lubricant composition substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the examples.

14. Additive package for preparing a hydraulic fluid substantially as hereinbefore 30 described with reference to any one of the examples. S Dated 28 April, 2003 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappig B.V. Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON FERGUSON [R:\LBZZ]041 78.doc:aak