AU758630B2 - A method for reproducing molecular arrays - Google Patents

A method for reproducing molecular arrays Download PDF

Info

Publication number
AU758630B2
AU758630B2 AU10591/00A AU1059100A AU758630B2 AU 758630 B2 AU758630 B2 AU 758630B2 AU 10591/00 A AU10591/00 A AU 10591/00A AU 1059100 A AU1059100 A AU 1059100A AU 758630 B2 AU758630 B2 AU 758630B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
molecules
substrate
array
dna
immobilised
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
AU10591/00A
Other versions
AU1059100A (en
Inventor
Shankar Balasubramanian
David Klenerman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Solexa Ltd Great Britain
Original Assignee
Solexa Ltd Great Britain
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9824441.1A external-priority patent/GB9824441D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9827581.1A external-priority patent/GB9827581D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9919605.7A external-priority patent/GB9919605D0/en
Application filed by Solexa Ltd Great Britain filed Critical Solexa Ltd Great Britain
Publication of AU1059100A publication Critical patent/AU1059100A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU758630B2 publication Critical patent/AU758630B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0046Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H21/00Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6813Hybridisation assays
    • C12Q1/6834Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase
    • C12Q1/6837Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase using probe arrays or probe chips
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54366Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00351Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
    • B01J2219/00385Printing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00457Dispensing or evacuation of the solid phase support
    • B01J2219/00459Beads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00497Features relating to the solid phase supports
    • B01J2219/005Beads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00497Features relating to the solid phase supports
    • B01J2219/00527Sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00497Features relating to the solid phase supports
    • B01J2219/00527Sheets
    • B01J2219/00529DNA chips
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00585Parallel processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/0059Sequential processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00596Solid-phase processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B01J2219/00612Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports the surface being inorganic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B01J2219/00623Immobilisation or binding
    • B01J2219/00626Covalent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B01J2219/00632Introduction of reactive groups to the surface
    • B01J2219/00637Introduction of reactive groups to the surface by coating it with another layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00646Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being bound to beads immobilised on the solid supports
    • B01J2219/00648Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being bound to beads immobilised on the solid supports by the use of solid beads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00659Two-dimensional arrays
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00677Ex-situ synthesis followed by deposition on the substrate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00718Type of compounds synthesised
    • B01J2219/0072Organic compounds
    • B01J2219/00722Nucleotides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00718Type of compounds synthesised
    • B01J2219/0072Organic compounds
    • B01J2219/00725Peptides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/003Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing enzymes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/11Compounds covalently bound to a solid support
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40BCOMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B40/00Libraries per se, e.g. arrays, mixtures
    • C40B40/04Libraries containing only organic compounds
    • C40B40/10Libraries containing peptides or polypeptides, or derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40BCOMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B60/00Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries
    • C40B60/14Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries for creating libraries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Description

WO 00/27521 PCT/GB99/03691 1 A METHOD FOR REPRODUCING MOLECULAR ARRAYS Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method for reproducing, or cloning, molecular arrays.
Background of the Invention Much of cellular and molecular biology is based on specific non-covalent interactions between molecules, sometimes referred to as molecular recognition. These interactions are not permanent and are based mainly on hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, so that the binding together of two molecules is reversible. A molecule that recognises specifically another molecule can be defined as a cognate molecule or complement molecule. For a strand of DNA, this cognate can be a strand of complementary sequence. The molecule cognate can also be a protein, e.g. a transcription-regulating protein which binds a sequence of DNA or a zinc finger.
Alternatively, the cognate molecule may be an antibody which recognises an antigen, an enzyme binding a particular substrate or a receptor binding a ligand, or vice versa.
Molecular recognition has been exploited in many laboratory techniques. For example, in western blotting, separated biomolecules may be transferred from one substrate to another for subsequent interrogation with a cognate. However, while this transfer may retain the spatial organisation from the first substrate, it does not allow repeated transfer of, say, a close-packed addressable array of biomolecules.
WO-A-93/17126 discloses a binary oligonucleotide array, and the transfer of hybridised oligonucleotides, by a blotting technique. The transfer is non-specific. A non-specific transfer of colony material, using a colony lift membrane, is disclosed in US- A-5491068.
WO-A-95/12808 discloses the selective transfer of DNA from solution to different binding locations, by applying a relatively positive potential, and then a relatively negative potential, at one location. The first step of the process binds target and nontarget DNA; the second releases non-target DNA.
US-A-5795714 discloses a method for transferring, to a second surface, a DNA molecule complementary to an arrayed DNA molecule. Transfer is carried out by bringing the second surface into direct contact with a solution comprising the complementary DNA, the solution being contained within discrete vials present on a first WO 00/27521 PCT/GB99/03691 2 substrate. The preferred embodiment requires the use of avidin/biotin interactions to aid transfer. The method relies on diffusion to transfer the complementary DNA. Any lateral diffusion will limit the resolution that may be achieved when carrying out transfer from high density arrays.
Summary of the Invention According to the present invention a method for producing an array of molecules immobilised on a substrate, comprises the steps of: forming a hybrid array from an array of first molecules immobilised on a first substrate and second molecules, i.e. the molecules to be immobilised, thereby defining a spatial array of the second molecules; bringing into close proximity the first substrate and a second substrate, wherein the second substrate and the second molecules can be mutually linked; by linking them, causing the second molecules to be printed onto the second substrate while retaining the spatial array; and separating the respective substrates.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention, molecules of a particular class can be attached to a surface using a strong linkage such as a covalent bond to form a spatially addressable array. If this surface is then exposed to a variety of different cognates and allowed to reach near equilibrium, then a cognate will bind to the molecule on the surface for which it has the strongest affinity. Unbound molecules can then be removed by washing. Since the cognate is only attached to the molecule it recognises by noncovalent interactions, it can be transferred to a second surface in close proximity by applying a suitable electric field (under conditions where it has a net positive or negative charge).
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the cognates include a covalent or non-covalent coupling group at one terminus. After contacting the molecules on the surface, the cognates can be transferred to a second surface by contact printing. The second surface should be first treated to include complementary covalent or non-covalent coupling groups to react with those on the cognate terminus. No electric charge is required to effect transfer.
WO 00/27521 PCT/GB99/03691 3 Thus, if the first surface has particular regions each containing different molecules, the cognate molecules can be printed onto the second surface to produce a spatial array of cognates. It is preferable, but not essential, for the cognates to bind to the second surface with high affinity; this is only essential if it is desired to repeat the process on the arrayed cognates, to form a molecular positive array, e.g. to form a copy of the original array. For example, a stronger bond may be formed by forming a covalent bond between the cognates and the second surface or through a strong non-covalent interaction, e.g. an avidin-biotin bond.
The novel method is applicable to both single molecule and many molecule arrays, i.e. arrays of distinct individual molecules and arrays of distinct regions each comprising multiple copies of one individual molecule. The advantages ofthis method are numerous.
In particular, it means that only one spatially addressable array needs to be made, and then multiple copies can be made for screening and diagnostics.
The molecule array may be characterised prior to printing. For example, the array may be spatially addressed by, say, sequencing, so that each molecule on the array is known.
Description of the Invention The first or master molecule array used in this invention may comprise proteins immobilised on a solid surface, e.g. antibodies or enzymes. The proteins are capable of interacting with other molecular species (cognates), e.g. proteins, small molecules or polynucleotides which may then be transferred to a second substrate. For example, the arrayed proteins may be zinc finger proteins which are capable ofbinding polynucleotides with sequence selectivity; see Choo et al, PNAS USA, 91:11163 (1994). In certain circumstances, the cognates may not be known, and further characterisation may be required to determine precisely what activity or function the cognate performs.
Alternatively, the arrayed molecules may be polynucleotides. The term "polynucleotide" is used herein to refer to DNA, RNA and synthetic derivatives or mimics capable of interacting with DNA and RNA, e.g. thioates, amidates and PNAs.
Whatever the molecules in the first array, the term "cognate" is used herein to refer to a molecule that has specific recognition for a molecule different in structure to itself. The respective molecules will typically have complementary portions.
WO 00/27521 PCT/GB99/03691 4 In particular, this invention allows multiple copies of a molecule DNA or RNA) array to be produced from a single molecule array polynucleotide array) (master copy) which may be spatially addressed. This method is based on making the complementary (say) DNA to DNA on the array, e.g. using DNA polymerase or by direct hybridisation from a mixture of oligonucleotides, so that the complementary DNA is hybridised to the original DNA in the array, and then printing the complementary DNA onto a second surface. In this step, a second substrate is brought into proximity with the hybrid array; then, e.g. by charging the second substrate, the complementary polynucleotides are printed on it.
In a separate embodiment of the invention, it is possible that the transferred molecule is not the cognate per se, but, rather, is a product of a reaction between the cognate and arrayed molecule. For example, the arrayed molecule may be an enzyme which reacts with its substrate (cognate) to form a product. As this is a localised effect, it will be possible to transfer the product onto the second surface. In this case, the product may be understood as the molecule to be transferred.
In a related embodiment, the arrayed molecule may "capture" its cognate but the cognate undergoes reaction with a further substrate, and the product of this reaction is transferred to the second surface. For example, the arrayed molecule may capture a specific enzyme in a manner that retains the active site. The product of the enzymecatalysed reaction is then transferred to the second substrate.
In a further embodiment, the first and second molecules may not hybridise directly. Indirect associations may comprise phage-bacterium-phage or antibody-cellantibody interactions (examples of the invention in which the respective arrayed molecules may be the same, or different).
By way of illustration only, the invention will be now described with reference to DNA polynucleotides, and to spatially addressable arrays. The production and uses of such arrays are described in PCT/GB99/02487, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The density of such arrays may be at least 104, e.g. at least 10 s or entities/cm 2 up to 109 entities/cm 2 or more, and comprising the same or different molecules optionally immobilised on beads (which can typically be c. 1 pm beads, packed WO 00/27521 PCT/GB99/03691 at a density of 10' per cm 2 The fact that the molecules can be different gives broad applicability to the invention.
In one embodiment of the invention, a DNA array, e.g. on glass or silicon, is copied by hybridisation of a library of single-stranded DNA, under conditions such that members of the library hybridise to their complement strands of DNA on the array.
Alternatively, an array complementary to the master copy is made by enzymatic synthesis using a DNA polymerase and a suitable primer and dNTP's.
Once the DNA array has been made, any non-hybridised DNA may be removed by washing. This results in all or most of the DNA in the spatially addressable array being hybridised to its complementary DNA. The complementary array can now be transferred and attached to the second substrate.
The respective means of attachment of DNA to the first and second substrates should preferably be orthogonal, in order to achieve clean transfer. If the same means was used, transfer might not occur in the event that the complementary DNA can bind to the master. Assuming that this can be prevented, the respective attachments can be of similar or different strengths provided that each is greater than the hybridisation strength of the DNA-DNA duplex. The latter can of course be reduced by destabilising it, by known procedures such as heating, or by changing salt concentration.
The DNA in the original array is preferably attached to the first substrate surface by a strong bond such as a covalent bond or via avidin-biotin which has similar strength to a covalent bond. In order to achieve bonding to the second substrate, the complementary DNA preferably has a terminal group that is chemically-reactive, or activatable, so that it reacts with, and thus becomes attached to, the second substrate surface. When the DNA hybrid is formed, this terminal group may be positioned so that it is furthest away from the surface of the first substrate. For example, the terminal group may be biotin or avidin, in which case the second substrate surface is covered in a layer of avidin or biotin, respectively, for attachment. An example of an activatable group is "caged" biotin, and this can be photoactivated, during the transfer process, to achieve printing on the second substrate. When the respective substrates are separated, the relatively weak bond between the hybridised molecules is broken and the respective molecules are held by the respective substrates. Spatial resolution is maintained.
WO 00/27521 PCT/GB99/03691 6 As indicated above, transfer may be achieved without contacting the second substrate with the cognates in the hybrid array, but under an electric field. In this case, both surfaces should be conducting. The first surface may be a metal or doped semiconductor such as silicon. The master array may be attached to the surface by a covalent linkage (preferred) or a strong specific interaction. Since the specific interaction with the cognate molecules often includes a number of hydrogen bonds, the transfer may be performed in an electrolyte; for example, a DNA duplex is stable in salt solution but unstable in pure water.
On application of a sufficiently strong field, the cognates will transfer from the hybrid array to the other and can then be anchored to the copy surface via a specific interaction. In addition, ions will move towards the electrodes, positive ions to the negative electrode and vice versa. This electrolysis may damage the master array if it proceeds for too long. In order to keep the potential required low and to ensure good spatial transfer, the electrodes can be spaced apart by non-conducting spacers such as Teflon, e.g. by 0.1-10 Atm, often 5-10 pm, i.e. as close as possible without shorting of the electrodes. A potential of 1 mV to 1 V may be applied to the electrodes for a short period, e.g. 1 ms to 1 s, for transfer of the cognates from the master to the copy, without causing any damage of the master. The potential and time will depend on the spacing between the electrodes and the electrolyte ionic strength and can be optimised. The polarity of the potential applied will depend on the charge on the cognates. The cognates can be attached to the copy electrode by either non-specific interactions or by having a suitable layer of molecules on the electrode and a suitable group on the cognates, so that a specific bond can be formed once the transfer has occurred.
The second substrate is preferably a semiconductor, e.g. silicon or a gold-coated surface. The transfer may be done in the presence of a material that mediates the transfer of the complementary polynucleotides, e.g. a polymer gel or a thin film of, say, water or some other suitable liquid (although transfer in air or in a vacuum may also be possible).
Solution conditions or heating of the array during the printing process may help ensure good transfer.
Printing on the second substrate may be facilitated by any suitable means. For example, the second substrate is or can be charged. Charging may be by static electricity.
WO 00/27521 PCT/GB99/03691 7 Preferably, a positive potential is applied to the semiconductor surface, by means of a suitable source of voltage. The effect of this is to attract the negatively-charged phosphate backbone of the hybridised DNA and pull it onto the semiconductor surface.
As has already been demonstrated, hybridised DNA can be removed at a modest potential, of 300 V.m' 1 see PNAS USA 94:119 (1994).
It is very desirable that the surfaces of the respective substrates are close together, in order to obtain exact copying and for there to be no problem of adjacent elements in the array switching position during the printing process. Closeness also makes it much easier to produce a sufficiently strong electric field, to attract the hybridised DNA onto the surface of the second substrate.
Any semiconductor or insulator surface that can be sufficiently polarised to attract the hybridised DNA is suitable. The second substrate may also be, say, a thin layer of glass such as a coverslip, used with a metal or other electrode directly behind it, in order to apply the positive potential. The second substrate is preferably not a metal, since that may quench any fluorescence when the array is used with fluorescent probes.
In an alternative aspect of the invention, the transfer may be effected merely by bringing the two surfaces together, so that the second surface can bond directly to the molecules to be transferred. No applied field is necessary. In this method it is desirable for the cognates to have a coupling group attached with a complementary coupling group attached to the second surface. Therefore, transfer is mediated by the interaction between the respective coupling groups, providing deformed points of attachment, and spatial integrity is maintained. Suitable coupling groups are as defined above, i.e.
biotin/avidin, thiol linkers, etc.
The surfaces of both substrates should be as flat as possible. Suitable silicon wafers are readily available.
Either or each substrate may comprise beads to which the DNA is attached. In this case, the beads may be used to keep the two surfaces apart; one surface may be placed directly on top of the other, their separation being defined by the diameter of the beads.
Beads are particularly preferable when the process uses contact printing without any electric charge. The presence of the beads between the two surfaces will facilitate WO 00/27521 PCT/GB99/03691 8 transfer since the contact will be between the top of the bead and the surface onto which printing is taking place. It may also be beneficial to have a non-rigid surface, for example by reducing the thickness of the substrate or by using a material that is deformable e.g.
thin plastics.
Following transfer, the original, master copy of DNA, which is attached by a stronger bond to the surface of the first substrate than to the complementary DNA, remains attached. The complementary DNA is printed onto the second substrate which is then removed, leaving the original master array intact, ready for further printing. If necessary or desired, this process may be repeated on the complementary DNA copy, to obtain an exact copy of the original array.
In this context, reference may be made to Fig. 1. This shows a first substrate 1 carrying beads 2 on which there is an array of DNA molecules 3. The DNA molecules 3 are covalently attached to the beads. Complementary DNA molecules 4 have a reactive functionality 5. A second substrate 6 is modified to carry groups 7 that react with the complementary DNA molecules, to bind them covalently.
It will be apparent to the skilled person that the methods of the present invention can be applied to any molecular species involved in molecular recognition. For example, antibody-antigen recognition may be adapted in the invention, DNA binding proteins may also be used, either as the immobilised template array, or as the cognate molecules, and enzymes and their substrates may also be used.
It will also be apparent that a principal advantage of this method is that only one master array needs to be made and then multiple copies can then be printed. This will greatly increase the speed of production of arrays, and enable them to be widely used for diagnostics, genotyping and expression monitoring.
The following Example illustrates the invention.
Example Preparation of Glass Slides Glass slides to which DNA was to be transferred were cleaned by immersion in 1:1 conc. HCI:MeOH for 1 h, rinsed in Milli-Q water, immersed in conc. H 2
SO
4 for 1 h and rinsed in water again. Cleaned slides were stored in mQ water.
WO 00/27521 PCT/GB99/03691 9 The slides were silanised with amino-functionalised silane reagent, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (DETA). Silanisation of cleaned glass substrates was performed using a 1% solution of DETA in 1 mM glacial acetic acid for 1 h. The slides were rinsed with mQ water, dried with N, and baked at 120*C for minutes.
The silanised slides were then reacted with SMCC, a heterobifunctional linker capable of reacting with amine and thiol groups (see Fig. 15 mg (45 pmoles) SMCC was dissolved in 200 pl DMSO. This was diluted to 120 ml in 80:20 MeOH:DMSO.
Silanised slides were immersed in the solution for 3 h at RT, then rinsed well with mQ water and dried under N 2 The maleimide-derivatised slides were stored in a vacuum desiccator.
Control Experiment A slide was tested to ensure that the maleimide surface was reactive towards thiols. A 5'-SH, 3'TMR 20-mer oligonucleotide (SEQ ID No. 1) was used. DTT was removed from the sample (as it will interfere with the reaction) by passing the sample down a NAP-5 gel filtration column. 500 pl of the thiol oligo solution was placed on an SMCC-reacted glass slide, and 500 pl on a control glass slide, and placed in a humid environment for 2 h at RT. The slides were then rinsed in mQ-water and placed in SPSC buffer (50 mM NaP, 1 M NaCI) for 12 h, in order to remove any DNA that was not covalently attached to the surface. The slides were rinsed, dried under N 2 and visualised with a FluorImager (488 nm excitation, 570 nm filter).
Transfer An ethanol solution of 1.0 pm silica beads, to which was attached a 20-mer DNA sequence (SEQ ID No. was spotted onto a cleaned glass slide, and the EtOH allowed to evaporate to form a monolayer of beads. 5 such slides were prepared. 25 pl of a pM solution of the 5'-SH, 3'-TMR in 10 mM KPi, 100 mM NaCI, 1 mM DTT was added to the circular patch of beads on each slide and allowed to hybridise for 1 h at RT. The slide was rinsed well (5 x 5 ml washes) with buffer (10 mM KPi, 100 mM NaCl) in order to removeDTT and unhybridised oligo. The reactive SMCC-derivatised slides were then carefully placed over the slide having the hybridised duplex on the beads. 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 extra glass slides were placed on top of the respective SMCC slides, in order to WO 00/27521 PCT/GB99/03691 increase the weight, and therefore the amount ofcontact, with the beads. The slides were placed in a humid environment for 2 h at RT, after which the reactive top slide was carefully removed and placed in SPSC buffer for 12 h to remove any oligo not covalently attached to the surface. The slides were rinsed, dried and visualised using the FluorImager (at 488 nm excitation).
Results DNA transfer from the beaded array to the glass surface has been achieved. The circular images observed correspond to the shape of the original patch of beads on the surface. Based on the control experiment, the observed fluorescence can only represent fluorescent oligonucleotide that has been transferred from the beaded array and covalently attached to the opposite surface.
EDITORIAL NOTE FOR 10591/00 THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE LISTING IS PART OF THE DESCRIPTION THE CLAIMS FOLLOW ON PAGE 11 WO 00/27521 WO 0027521PCT/GB99/03691 SEQUENCE LISTING <110> Solexa Ltd.
<120> A METHOD FOR REPRODUCING MOLECULAR ARRAYS <130> REP05855W0 <140> <141> <160> 2 <170> Pateitin Ver. 2.1 <210> 1 <211> <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Description of Artificial Sequence: Oligonucleotide <400> 1 aaccctatgg acggctgcga <210> 2 <211> <212> DNA <2 13> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Description of Artificial Sequence: Oligonucleotide <400> 2 tcgcagccgt ccatagggtt

Claims (18)

1. A method for producing an array of molecules immobilised on a substrate, which comprises the steps of: forming a hybrid array from an array of first molecules immobilised on a first substrate and second molecules, i.e. the molecules to be immobilised, thereby defining a spatial array of the second molecules; bringing into a sufficiently close proximity the first substrate and a second substrate, such that the second substrate and the second molecules can be mutually linked; 15 wherein the facing surfaces of the respective substrates are flat and linkage of said second substrate and the second molecules causes the second molecules to be printed onto the facing surface of the second substrate while retaining the spatial array; and separating the respective substrates.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein, in the hybrid array, the first and second molecules are S 25 indirectly associated. S:
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second molecules include complementary portions.
4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first molecules are proteins.
5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second molecules are proteins, e.g. zinc finger proteins. 12 7)
6. A method according to claim 3, wherein the first and second molecules are polynucleotides.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the second molecules comprise a library of single-stranded polynucleotides.
8. A method according to claim 6, wherein the second molecules in the hybrid array are formed in situ, using a polymerase and the nucleotide triphosphates.
9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the linking comprises S15 covalent or avidin-biotin binding.
A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first molecules are immobilised on microscopic beads bound to a solid support.
11. A method according to anyone of claims 1 to wherein the second molecules are printed onto the second substrate under the application of an electric field.
12. A method according to claim 11, which additionally comprises introducing, between the first and second substrates, a material that mediates the transfer of the second molecules from the hybrid array to the second substrate.
13. A method according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein one or each substrate comprises a semiconductor surface.
14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the 13 semiconductor surface comprises silicon.
A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein either or each array comprises a plurality of different molecules, at a density of at least 10 5 per cm 2
16. A method for producing a copy of an array of first molecules immobilised on a first substrate, which comprises the steps of any preceding claim, and repeating those steps using the first molecules to form the hybrid array and a third substrate on which to print the first molecules. 15
17. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, which method is repeated any desired number of times, thereby producing a plurality of copies of immobilised molecules having the spatial array.
18. A method for producing an array of molecules imobilised on a substrate substantially as herein described. o*oo *go oo *o• o*o ooo *o *ooo
AU10591/00A 1998-11-06 1999-11-08 A method for reproducing molecular arrays Ceased AU758630B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9824441 1998-11-06
GBGB9824441.1A GB9824441D0 (en) 1998-11-06 1998-11-06 A method for reproducing polynucleotide arrays
GBGB9827581.1A GB9827581D0 (en) 1998-12-15 1998-12-15 A method for reproducing polynucleotide arrays
GB9827581 1998-12-15
GBGB9919605.7A GB9919605D0 (en) 1999-08-18 1999-08-18 A method for reproducing polynucleotide arrays
GB9919605 1999-08-18
PCT/GB1999/003691 WO2000027521A1 (en) 1998-11-06 1999-11-08 A method for reproducing molecular arrays

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU1059100A AU1059100A (en) 2000-05-29
AU758630B2 true AU758630B2 (en) 2003-03-27

Family

ID=27269543

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU10591/00A Ceased AU758630B2 (en) 1998-11-06 1999-11-08 A method for reproducing molecular arrays

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1131153A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002529715A (en)
AU (1) AU758630B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2348696A1 (en)
IL (1) IL142651A0 (en)
IS (1) IS5933A (en)
WO (1) WO2000027521A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19854946C2 (en) * 1998-11-27 2002-01-03 Guenter Von Kiedrowski Cloning and copying on surfaces
US6514768B1 (en) 1999-01-29 2003-02-04 Surmodics, Inc. Replicable probe array
US6936702B2 (en) 2000-06-07 2005-08-30 Li-Cor, Inc. Charge-switch nucleotides
US6869764B2 (en) 2000-06-07 2005-03-22 L--Cor, Inc. Nucleic acid sequencing using charge-switch nucleotides
SE0002700D0 (en) * 2000-07-18 2000-07-18 Karolinska Innovations Ab Method of preparing nucleic acid microchips
MXPA03000962A (en) * 2000-08-02 2003-06-09 Surmodics Inc Replicable probe array.
US20020037359A1 (en) 2000-09-25 2002-03-28 Mutz Mitchell W. Focused acoustic energy in the preparation of peptide arrays
US6905816B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2005-06-14 Intelligent Medical Devices, Inc. Clinically intelligent diagnostic devices and methods
WO2003029490A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-10 Yingjian Wang Methods and arrays for detecting biological molecules
US6956114B2 (en) 2001-10-30 2005-10-18 '454 Corporation Sulfurylase-luciferase fusion proteins and thermostable sulfurylase
US6902921B2 (en) 2001-10-30 2005-06-07 454 Corporation Sulfurylase-luciferase fusion proteins and thermostable sulfurylase
WO2004031366A2 (en) * 2002-10-02 2004-04-15 New Light Industries, Ltd Manufacturing method and readout system for biopolymer arrays
GB0302058D0 (en) * 2003-01-29 2003-02-26 Univ Cranfield Replication of nucleic acid arrays
AT501110A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2006-06-15 Upper Austrian Res Gmbh ARRAYS TO BIND MOLECULES
EP1763589A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2007-03-21 RiNA Netzwerk RNA-Technologien GmbH Blueprint biochips
AU2005330718B2 (en) * 2005-04-12 2011-05-12 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Nanocontact printing
EP3239304B1 (en) 2006-04-04 2020-08-19 Keygene N.V. High throughput detection of molecular markers based on aflp and high troughput sequencing
ES2352987T3 (en) 2006-07-12 2011-02-24 Keygene N.V. PHYSICAL CARTOGRAPHY OF HIGH PERFORMANCE USING AFLP.
DE102007062154A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-06-25 Emc Microcollections Gmbh Process for the preparation and use of stochastically arranged arrays of test substances
US9695469B2 (en) 2008-03-17 2017-07-04 Stichting Genetwister Ip Expression-linked gene discovery
WO2010082815A1 (en) 2009-01-13 2010-07-22 Keygene N.V. Novel genome sequencing strategies
DE102009012169B3 (en) * 2009-03-06 2010-11-04 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Apparatus and method for making a replica or derivative from an array of molecules and applications thereof
JP5917519B2 (en) 2010-09-10 2016-05-18 バイオ−ラッド ラボラトリーズ インコーポレーティッド DNA size selection for chromatin analysis
DE102011010307A1 (en) * 2011-02-03 2012-08-09 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Apparatus and method for producing protein microarrays
EP2729580B1 (en) 2011-07-08 2015-09-16 Keygene N.V. Sequence based genotyping based on oligonucleotide ligation assays
US20170312727A1 (en) * 2012-06-14 2017-11-02 Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg Analysis method on the basis of an array
ES2662598T3 (en) 2013-03-08 2018-04-09 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Blood tests for the detection of EGFR mutations
US9146248B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-09-29 Intelligent Bio-Systems, Inc. Apparatus and methods for purging flow cells in nucleic acid sequencing instruments
US9591268B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-03-07 Qiagen Waltham, Inc. Flow cell alignment methods and systems
US10465232B1 (en) 2015-10-08 2019-11-05 Trace Genomics, Inc. Methods for quantifying efficiency of nucleic acid extraction and detection

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995012808A1 (en) * 1993-11-01 1995-05-11 Nanogen, Inc. Self-addressable self-assembling microelectronic systems and devices for molecular biological analysis and diagnostics

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5491068A (en) * 1991-02-14 1996-02-13 Vicam, L.P. Assay method for detecting the presence of bacteria
WO1993017126A1 (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-09-02 The Public Health Research Institute Of The City Of New York, Inc. Novel oligonucleotide arrays and their use for sorting, isolating, sequencing, and manipulating nucleic acids
US5795714A (en) * 1992-11-06 1998-08-18 Trustees Of Boston University Method for replicating an array of nucleic acid probes
US5599695A (en) * 1995-02-27 1997-02-04 Affymetrix, Inc. Printing molecular library arrays using deprotection agents solely in the vapor phase
US5731152A (en) * 1996-05-13 1998-03-24 Motorola, Inc. Methods and systems for biological reagent placement
WO1998016830A2 (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-04-23 The President And Fellows Of Harvard College Droplet assay system

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995012808A1 (en) * 1993-11-01 1995-05-11 Nanogen, Inc. Self-addressable self-assembling microelectronic systems and devices for molecular biological analysis and diagnostics

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1059100A (en) 2000-05-29
CA2348696A1 (en) 2000-05-18
JP2002529715A (en) 2002-09-10
EP1131153A1 (en) 2001-09-12
IL142651A0 (en) 2002-03-10
IS5933A (en) 2001-05-02
WO2000027521A1 (en) 2000-05-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU758630B2 (en) A method for reproducing molecular arrays
Weng et al. Generating addressable protein microarrays with PROfusion™ covalent mRNA‐protein fusion technology
JP4479960B2 (en) Methods and apparatus for protein delivery into cells
KR100424939B1 (en) Macromolecular Alignment Method and Its Use by the Pass of Meniscus
CA2331688C (en) Detection of a target in a sample
JP3670019B2 (en) Apparatus for aligning macromolecules in parallel and use thereof
JP4786034B2 (en) Method for producing a matrix of address ligands on a support
US20010024788A1 (en) Method for producing nucleic acid strand immobilized carrier
WO2008020813A1 (en) Method of electrically detecting a biological analyte molecule
JP2004525345A (en) Immobilized microarray of biological or chemical probes immobilized on a support by magnetic force
JP2002531098A (en) Cloning and copying on surface
JP2006330000A (en) Improved biochip
CN104535769A (en) Method for preparing bio-macromolecular monomolecular chip by virtue of high-density nano-hollow
Zacco et al. Electrochemical biosensing based on universal affinity biocomposite platforms
US9266726B2 (en) Method for making biochips
WO2012026541A1 (en) Protein or peptide printing method, protein or peptide array and functional protein or functional peptide identification method
Kant et al. Relevance of adhesion in fabrication of microarrays in clinical diagnostics
JP2004347317A (en) Protein array and manufacturing method therefor
ZA200103483B (en) A method for reproducing molecular arrays.
Marquette et al. Biochips: non-conventional strategies for biosensing elements immobilization
JP2001330608A (en) Method for manufacturing nucleic acid chain immobilizing carrier
Szymonik et al. DNA self-assembly-driven positioning of molecular components on nanopatterned surfaces
US7919332B2 (en) Biological molecule-immobilized chip and its use
US20060118417A1 (en) Nucleic acid purification method using hydrogen bonding and electric field
WO2001017670A1 (en) Matrices of probes and their preparation

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FGA Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)