AU751356B2 - Frost resistant heating/cooling fluid - Google Patents
Frost resistant heating/cooling fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU751356B2 AU751356B2 AU24463/99A AU2446399A AU751356B2 AU 751356 B2 AU751356 B2 AU 751356B2 AU 24463/99 A AU24463/99 A AU 24463/99A AU 2446399 A AU2446399 A AU 2446399A AU 751356 B2 AU751356 B2 AU 751356B2
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- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- fluid
- weight
- fluid according
- salts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/20—Antifreeze additives therefor, e.g. for radiator liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Defrosting Systems (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
- Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Frost resistant, aqueous cooling/heating fluid containing alkali salts of acetic acid and/or formic acid and which as a corrosion inhibitor contains a mixture of a C5-C16 monocarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium- or amino-salts of said acid, a C5-C16 dicarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium- or amino-salts of said acid, and also a triazole.
Description
WO 99/37733 PCT/SE99/00086 1 Frost resistant heating/cooling fluid Technical field The present invention relates to a frost resistant, aqueous heating/cooling fluid, containing alkali salts of acetic acid and/or formic acid. The heating/cooling fluid is intended for transport of cold or heat in industrial cooling plants, cooling systems in vessels and vehicles, cooling systems for skating ice in sports centres, heat exchangers, district heating systems, heat pumps, solar panels etc.
Background of the invention In aqueous heating/cooling fluids, frost resistance is usually obtained by means of an addition of ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol is a liquid which is mixable with water to any extent, exhibits a low risk of fire and explosion, and is frost resistant and also colourless and odourless. The lowest solidifying point (-57 of a glycol-water mixture is at a ethylene glycol content of 60 volume-%. However, the disadvantage with ethylene glycol is its high degree of toxicity. Thereby, it poses an environmental threat if it ends up in the sea, lakes and streams, for instance, if cooling liquid is discharged or leaks out.
From EP-B-0 306 972, a partially or completely glycol-free, aqueous cooling fluid is known, which contains an addition of sodium acetate and sodium formate or potassium acetate and potassium formate in certain ratios. By means of this fluid composition, a freezing temperature pf-70 C or lower can be obtained. The fluid composition exhibits all the advantages with the conventional glycol-water mixture, at the same time as it does not exhibit its toxicity.
However, the above-mentioned cooling fluid contains strong ions, wherein it is very important to have a good corrosion protection. In EP-B-0 306 972, it is disclosed that benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate or benzotriazole are used for corrosion -2protection. These are film-forming chemicals. The formed film protects metal surfaces from corrosion attacks. In order not to risk local corrosion attacks, the film layer has to be intact across the entire metal surface. A disadvantage with the film is an impaired heat transfer between the metal surface and the cooling fluid.
The foregoing discussion of the prior art is not to be construed as an admission with regard to the common general knowledge in Australia.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.
Summary of the invention In a broad aspect, the present invention provides a frost resistant heating/cooling fluid containing alkali salts of acetic acid and/or formic acid, comprising a corrosion inhibitor in the form of a mixture of a C 5
-C
16 monocarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium-, or amino-salts of said acid, a C 5
-C
16 dicarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium- or amino-salts of said acid, and also a triazole.
15 Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the Soclaims, the words 'comprise', 'comprising', and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of "including, but not limited to".
The content of alkali salts of acetic acid and/or formic acid in the heating/cooling o20 fluid should preferably be between 5 and 50 weight-%, calculated on the total weight of the fluid.
S".The heating/cooling fluid contains between 0.4 and 10 weight-%, preferably between 0.5 and 2 weight-% of the above-mentioned corrosion inhibitor, calculated on the total weight of the fluid.
From the above-mentioned EP-B-0 306 972, it is known that an addition of alkali salts of certain anions, mainly acetates and formates, to water results in a strong depression of freezing-point of an aqueous medium. The depression of freezing-point becomes particularly large at certain mixing ratios of the included salts.
The heating/cooling fluid according to the invention contains between 5 and weight-% alkali salts of acetic acid and/or formic acid calculated on the weight of the fluid, primarily sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium formate and/or potassium AGO 7 4 formate. The included salts can be present in any mutual mixing ratio, i.e. only one of 2a the salts or two or several salts in a mixture together. Partly depending on the total salt content, and partly on the--7 -3mixing ratio of the salts, different depressions of freezing-point of the fluid is obtained.
Also other freezing-point depressing additions can be included in the fluid, e.g. urea.
The heating/cooling fluid according to the invention is a strong ionic solution, wherein the significance of an efficient corrosion protection is particularly large. EP-B-0 306 972 discloses an addition of a corrosion inhibitor in the form of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate or benzotriazole, which are film-forming chemicals which create a protective film on metals surfaces and thereby protects them from corrosion attacks. As mentioned above, the disadvantages with this type of corrosion inhibitor is partly that the film layer must be intact across the entire metal surface in order to make the corrosion protection effective and to avoid local corrosion attacks, and partly that the heat transfer between metal surface and heating/cooling fluid is impaired.
According to the invention, it has now surprisingly been found that, in addition to an excellent corrosion protection, an addition of a corrosion inhibitor in the form of a mixture of a C 5
-C
1 6 monocarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium- or amino-salts of said acid, a C 5
-C
16 dicarboxylic acid or alkali, ammonium-or amino-salts of said acid and also a triazole, furthermore provides an excellent heat transfer between the metal surface and the fluid.
A corrosion inhibitor of this type is disclosed in US-A-4, 647, 392. According to this document, the corrosion inhibitor is intended to be used in glycol-water mixtures. The lo•20 use as a corrosion inhibitor in salt solutions of the type which the invention relates to, however, is not disclosed in the U.S. patent.
The amounts of the components included in the corrosion inhibitor can vary between 0.02 and 3 weight-%, calculated on the weight of the fluid, for both the monocarboxylic acid and the dicarboxylic acid or the alkali-, ammonium-, or amino-salts too. 25 of said acid. The amount of triazole can vary between 0.02 and 2 weight-%, calculated on the total weight of the fluid.
The total content of the corrosion inhibitor should be between 0.4 and 10 weight-% 0000 0• 0 o000 preferably between 0.5 and 2 weight-%, calculated on the weight of the fluid.
0000 A 0000 WO 99/37733 PCT/SE99/00086 4 The corrosion inhibitor comprises a mixture of three basic components, namely a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid and a triazole. The monocarboxylic acid is preferably an aliphatic C 5
-C
6 monocarboxylic acid, preferably selected from the group of octanoic acid, nonaic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid or dodecanoic acid, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid and neodecanoic acid.
The dicarboxylic acid is preferably either a C 8
-C
2 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid selected from the group of suberic acid, azealic acid, sebacic acid, undecanoic di-acid, dodecanoic di-acid and the di-acid of di-cyclopentadienylide or a C 8 aromatic dicarboxylic acid, preferably terephthalic acid.
The triazole is preferably tolyoltriazole or benzotriazole.
In comparison with using only one of the acid types, the combination of mono- and dicarboxylic acid or its salts provides a synergistic effect when the corrosion protection of metallic surfaces is concerned. The triazole is specifically used as a cupper protection.
Other conventional corrosion-inhibiting components can of course also be included in the heating/cooling fluid according to the invention.
Example In order to test the heat transfer characteristics, a system in which the liquid which is to be tested is circulating with a constant volume flow under constant pressure was used. This liquid passes a metal coupon onto which a heating device is applied. The temperature of the liquid is kept constant by means of a cooling coil. The temperature of the metal coupon is measured and recorded over time. An increase of the temperature in the metal coupon indicates a relative impairment of the heat transfer ability over the same time.
The liquids which were tested exhibited the following compositions: INCLUDED Reference Cooling fluid Test Cooling fluid with COMPONENTS with conventional inhibitor inhibitor (Texaco Inhibitor (weight-%) ETX6282) Water 49.8 Potassium acetate 31.2 31.2 Potassium formate 7.8 7,8 Sodium benzoate 1.1 Tolyoltriazole 1.7 Borax 0.3 Sodium meta-phosphate 1 Sodium nitrate 1.8 Sodium silicate 0.3 Glycerol Corrosion inhibitor, Texaco 1 Inhibitor ETX6282 (delivered by Texaco Services Europe Ltd) The following results were obtained for the heat transfer characteristics: Test duration Reference Coupon Reference Coupon temperature (oC) temperature 0 170 170 181 171 183 171 184 171.5 186 171 188 171.5 As is evident from these results, the test liquid, which comprised an addition of a 0 c orrosion inhibitor, Texaco Inhibitor ETX6282, gave a very small increase of the perature in the o *r C WO 99/37733 PCT/SE99/00086 6 metal coupon over time, something which indicates a maintained effective heat transfer between the metal surface and the fluid. The reference, however, which contained a conventional corrosion inhibitor essentially in accordance with EP 306,972, exhibited a significant increase of the temperature in the metal coupon in the course of time and, accordingly, a relative impairment of the heat transfer ability in the same time period.
This difference is thought to be the result of the corrosion inhibitor in the reference fluid forming a film between fluid and metal surface, which impairs the heat transfer. It is presumed that such a film formation, however, does not take place when utilizing the corrosion inhibitor according to the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A frost resistant heating/cooling fluid containing alkali salts of acetic acid and/or formic acid, comprising a corrosion inhibitor in the form of a mixture of a C 5 -C 16 monocarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium-, or amino-salts of said acid, a C 5 -C 16 dicarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium- or amino-salts of said acid, and also a triazole.
2. A fluid according to claim 1, comprising between 5 and 50 weight-% alkali salts of acetic acid and/or formic acid calculated on the weight of the fluid.
3. A fluid according to claim 1 or 2, comprising between 0.4 and 10 weight-% preferably between 0.5 and 2 weight-% of the corrosion inhibitor, calculated on the total weight of the fluid.
4. A fluid according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising between 0.5 and 2 weight-% of the corrosion inhibitor, calculated on the total weight of the fluid.
5. A fluid according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising between 0.02 and 3 weight-% of the monocarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium- or amino-salts of said 15 acid, calculated on the total weight of the fluid.
6. A fluid according to claim 5, comprising between 0.02 and 3 weight-% of the dicarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium- or amino-salts of said acid, calculated on the total weight of the fluid.
7. A fluid according to claim 5 or 6, comprising between 0.02 and 2 weight-% 20 triazole calculated on the total weight of the fluid.
A fluid according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said monocarboxylic acid is an aliphatic C 5 -C 16 monocarboxylic acid.
9. A fluid according to claim 8 wherein said monocarboxylic acid is selected from the group of octanoic acid, nonaic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid or dodecanoic acid, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid and neodecanoic acid.
A fluid according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said dicarboxylic acid is a Cs-C 12 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid.
11. A fluid according to claim 10, wherein said dicarboxylic acid is selected from the group of suberic acid, azealic acid, sebacic acid, undecanoic di-acid, dodecanoic di-acid and the di-acid of di-cyclopentadienylide.
12. A fluid according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said dicarboxylic acid is a Cs-C 12 aromatic dicarboxylic acid. -8-
13. A fluid according to claim 12, wherein said dicarboxylic acid is terephthalic acid.
14. A fluid according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the triazole is tolyoltriazole or benzotriazole. A frost resistant heating/cooling fluid substantially as herein described with reference to any one of the embodiments of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings and/or examples. DATED this 22nd Day of February 2001 ASPEN PETROLEUM AB Attorney: PAUL G. HARRISON Fellow Institute of Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys of Australia of BALDWIN SHELSTON WATERS *C e
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9800152 | 1998-01-22 | ||
| SE9800152A SE511264C2 (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1998-01-22 | Freeze-resistant heat / coolant containing a corrosion inhibitor |
| PCT/SE1999/000086 WO1999037733A1 (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-22 | Frost resistant heating/cooling fluid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2446399A AU2446399A (en) | 1999-08-09 |
| AU751356B2 true AU751356B2 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
Family
ID=20409927
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU24463/99A Ceased AU751356B2 (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-22 | Frost resistant heating/cooling fluid |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6723254B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1049753B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002501110A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100597054B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1127551C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE302249T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU751356B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9906788B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2318258C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ297515B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69903915T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1049753T3 (en) |
| EE (1) | EE04024B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2187143T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU222652B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO318201B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL187961B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1049753E (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2220183C2 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE511264C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999037733A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI252249B (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2006-04-01 | Yasuo Fukutani | Rust preventive |
| US6893582B2 (en) | 2000-02-22 | 2005-05-17 | Clearwater International, L.L.C. | Method of heating a fluid using a line heater comprising an alkali metal formate |
| CA2406537C (en) * | 2000-04-17 | 2008-03-11 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Heat transfer fluid for secondary refrigeration systems comprising a formate salt |
| DE10063951A1 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2002-06-27 | Basf Ag | Water-dilutable concentrate for use in fuel cell cooling system is based on an alkylene glycol or derivative containing an ortho-silicic acid ester as corrosion inhibitor |
| US6540934B2 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-04-01 | Metss Corporation | Corrosion inhibited runway deicing fluid |
| WO2003089771A1 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2003-10-30 | Clearwater International, Llc | Optimizing inlet air temperature for gas trubines using heat exchanging fluid comprising alkali metal formate |
| US7060198B2 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2006-06-13 | Clearwater International, L.L.C. | Heat exchange fluids comprising amine carboxylates |
| DE10235477A1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-12 | Basf Ag | Aqueous antifreeze composition useful in coolant fluids, heat-transfer fluids or cooling brines comprises an aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid salt and corrosion inhibitors |
| SE528592C2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-12-27 | Perstorp Specialty Chem Ab | Rejection composition and use thereof |
| US7638069B2 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2009-12-29 | Texaco Inc. | Potassium propionates for use as freezing point depressants and corrosion protection in heat transfer fluids |
| US20090001313A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-01 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Antifreeze Concentrate and Coolant Compositions and Preparation Thereof |
| DE102007059726B4 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2010-01-07 | Excor Korrosionsforschung Gmbh | Vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, process for their preparation and their use |
| WO2009145783A1 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | Kiddie-Fenwal, Inc. | Fire extinguishing composition |
| CA2634382A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-06 | Dnp Canada Inc. | Compositions made from fermentation broth and methods of use |
| US20100270494A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-28 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Hot test fluid containing vapor phase inhibition |
| US9365761B2 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2016-06-14 | Cci Thermal Technologies Inc. | Glycol-free heat transfer fluid |
| GB201512303D0 (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-08-19 | Kilfrost Group Plc | Heat transfer fluid composition and use |
| BR112022001677A2 (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2022-03-22 | Arteco N V | Composition |
| KR20210079596A (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-30 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Antifreeze and Coolant Compositions Without Glycol |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4647392A (en) * | 1985-12-27 | 1987-03-03 | Texaco Inc. | Monobasic-dibasic acid/salt antifreeze corrosion inhibitor |
| EP0306972A1 (en) * | 1987-09-10 | 1989-03-15 | Eszakmagyarországi Vegyimüvek | Glycol-free frost resistant cooling fluid |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4689165A (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1987-08-25 | Komaromi Koolajipari Vallalat | Heat transfer liquid |
| US4717495A (en) | 1984-11-30 | 1988-01-05 | Fleetguard, Inc. | Diesel engine cooling system compositions |
| US5132035A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1992-07-21 | General Atomics International Services Corporation | Deicing compositions comprising calcium magnesium acetate and chelating agent |
| US5242621A (en) * | 1992-06-03 | 1993-09-07 | Texaco Chemical Co. | Combinations of alkanoic hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic and carbocyclic alkanoic acids or salts useful as heat transfer fluid corrosion inhibitors |
| US5702631A (en) * | 1992-11-24 | 1997-12-30 | Ashland Inc. | Aqueous corrosion inhibitor formulations |
| US5708068A (en) * | 1995-01-16 | 1998-01-13 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids thickened by associative polymers |
| US5730895A (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 1998-03-24 | Agrinutrients Technology Group, Inc. | Carboxylate coated chloride salt ice melters |
| US6126852A (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 2000-10-03 | Ashland Inc. | Monocarboxylic acid based antifreeze composition |
| US5993684A (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 1999-11-30 | Mainstream Engineering Corporation | Composition and method for de-icing and anti-icing surfaces |
| US6156226A (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 2000-12-05 | Thermo Fibergen, Inc. | Liquid and solid de-icing and anti-icing compositions and methods for making same |
-
1998
- 1998-01-22 SE SE9800152A patent/SE511264C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-01-22 AU AU24463/99A patent/AU751356B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-01-22 CA CA002318258A patent/CA2318258C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-22 DE DE69903915T patent/DE69903915T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-22 US US09/463,598 patent/US6723254B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-22 DK DK99904001T patent/DK1049753T3/en active
- 1999-01-22 PL PL34198299A patent/PL187961B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-22 EE EEP200000423A patent/EE04024B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-22 HU HU0101307A patent/HU222652B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-22 CZ CZ20002518A patent/CZ297515B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-22 ES ES99904001T patent/ES2187143T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-22 WO PCT/SE1999/000086 patent/WO1999037733A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-01-22 KR KR1020007008049A patent/KR100597054B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-22 PT PT99904001T patent/PT1049753E/en unknown
- 1999-01-22 BR BRPI9906788-9A patent/BR9906788B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-22 AT AT99904001T patent/ATE302249T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-22 CN CN99802318A patent/CN1127551C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-22 EP EP99904001A patent/EP1049753B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-22 RU RU2000122088/04A patent/RU2220183C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-22 JP JP2000528642A patent/JP2002501110A/en active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-07-10 NO NO20003553A patent/NO318201B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4647392A (en) * | 1985-12-27 | 1987-03-03 | Texaco Inc. | Monobasic-dibasic acid/salt antifreeze corrosion inhibitor |
| EP0306972A1 (en) * | 1987-09-10 | 1989-03-15 | Eszakmagyarországi Vegyimüvek | Glycol-free frost resistant cooling fluid |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC1 | Assignment before grant (sect. 113) |
Owner name: TEMPER TECHNOLOGY AB Free format text: THE FORMER OWNER WAS: ASPEN PETROLEUM AB |
|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) |