AU750584B2 - Dibenzo-azepine derivatives as alphav integrin receptor antagonists - Google Patents

Description

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 TITLE OF THE INVENTION DIBENZO-AZEPINE DERIVATIVES AS aV INTEGRIN RECEPTOR

ANTAGONISTS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to dibenzo-azepine derivatives, their synthesis, and their use as av integrin receptor antagonists. More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are antagonists of the integrin receptors av33, and/or av36 and are useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, wound healing, viral disease, tumor growth, and metastasis.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is believed that a wide variety of disease states and conditions can be mediated by acting on integrin receptors and that integrin receptor antagonists represent a useful class of drugs. Integrin receptors are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors through which cells attach and communicate with extracellular matrices and other cells. (See S.B. Rodan and G.A. Rodan, "Integrin Function In Osteoclasts", Journal of Endocrinology, Vol. 154, S47- S56 (1997), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).

In one aspect of the present invention, the compounds herein are useful for inhibiting bone resorption. Bone resorption is mediated by the action of cells known as osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells of up to about 400 mm in diameter that resorb mineralized tissue, chiefly calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, in vertebrates. Osteoclasts are actively motile cells that migrate along the surface of bone, and can bind to bone, secrete necessary acids and proteases, thereby causing the actual resorption of mineralized tissue from the bone. More specifically, osteoclasts are believed to exist in at least two physiological states, namely, the secretory state and the migratory or motile state. In the secretory state, osteoclasts are flat, attach to the bone matrix via a tight attachment zone (sealing zone), become highly polarized, form a ruffled border, and secrete lysosomal enzymes and protons to resorb bone. The adhesion of osteoclasts to bone surfaces is an important initial step in bone resorption. In the migratory or motile state, the osteoclasts migrate across bone matrix and do not take part in resorption until they again attach to bone.

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 av Integrins are involved in osteoclast attachment, activation and migration. The most abundant cv integrin in osteoclasts, in rat, chicken, mouse and human osteoclasts, is an integrin receptor known as c(av3, which is thought to interact in bone with matrix proteins that contain the RGD sequence. Antibodies to ctv33 block bone resorption in vitro indicating that this integrin plays a key role in the resorptive process. There is increasing evidence to suggest that xav33 ligands can be used effectively to inhibit osteoclast mediated bone resorption in vivo in mammals.

The current major bone diseases of public concern are osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteopenia due to bone metastases, periodontal disease, hyperparathyroidism, periarticular erosions in rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, immobilization-induced osteopenia, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. All of these conditions are characterized by bone loss, resulting from an imbalance between bone resorption, i.e. breakdown, and bone formation, which continues throughout life at the rate of about 14% per year on the average. However, the rate of bone turnover differs from site to site; for example, it is higher in the trabecular bone of the vertebrae and the alveolar bone in the jaws than in the cortices of the long bones. The potential for bone loss is directly related to turnover and can amount to over 5% per year in vertebrae immediately following menopause, a condition which leads to increased fracture risk.

In the United States, there are currently about 20 million people with detectable fractures of the vertebrae due to osteoporosis. In addition, there are about 250,000 hip fractures per year attributed to osteoporosis. This clinical situation is associated with a 12% mortality rate within the first two years, while 30% of the patients require nursing home care after the fracture.

Individuals suffering from all the conditions listed above would benefit from treatment with agents which inhibit bone resorption.

Additionally, xav33 ligands have been found to be useful in treating and/or inhibiting restenosis, i.e. recurrence of stenosis after corrective surgery on the heart valve, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and angiogenesis, i.e. formation of new blood vessels, and inhibiting viral disease.

Moreover, it has been postulated that the growth of tumors depends on an adequate blood supply, which in turn is dependent on the growth of new vessels into the tumor; thus, inhibition of angiogenesis can cause tumor regression in animal models (See Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed., 1991, which is incorporated by WO 00/48603 PCT/USOO/03796 reference herein in its entirety). Therefore, av3 antagonists which inhibit angiogenesis can be useful in the treatment of cancer by inhibiting tumor growth (See, Brooks et al., Cell, 79:1157-1164 (1994), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).

Moreover, compounds of this invention can also inhibit neovascularization by acting as antagonists of the integrin receptor, av35. A monoclonal antibody for av35 has been shown to inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in rabbit cornea and the chick chorioallantoic membrane model (See M.C.

Friedlander, et.al., Science 270: 1500-1502 (1995), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). Thus, compounds that antagonize cav35 are useful for treating and preventing macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, tumor growth, and metastasis.

Additionally, compounds of the instant invention can inhibit angiogenesis and inflammation by acting as antagonists of the integrin receptor, cav36, which is expressed during the later stages of wound healing and remains expressed until the wound is closed (See Christofidou-Solomidou, et al., "Expression and Function of Endothelial Cell av Integrin Receptors in Wound-Induced Human Angiogenesis in Human Skin/SCID Mice Chimeras, American Journal of Pathology, Vol. 151, No. 4, pp. 975-983 (October 1997), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). It is postulated that av36 plays a role in the remodeling of the vasculature during the later stages of angiogenesis. Also, av6 participates in the modulation of epithelial inflammation and is induced in response to local injury or inflammation (See Xiao-Zhu Huang, et al., "Inactivation of the Integrin 36 Subunit Gene Reveals a Role of Epithelial Integrins in Regulating Inflammation in the Lungs and Skin," Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 133, No.4, pp. 921-928 (May 1996), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). Accordingly, compounds that antagonize av36 are useful in treating or preventing cancer by inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.

In addition, certain compounds of this invention antagonize both the av33 and av35 receptors. These compounds, referred to as "dual antagonists," are useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, tumor growth, and metastasis.

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 In addition, certain compounds of this invention are useful as mixed oavp3, avB5, and cv36 receptor antagonists.

Peptidyl as well as peptidomimetic antagonists of the cav33 integrin receptor have been described both in the scientific and patent literature. For example, reference is made to W.J. Hoekstra and B.L. Poulter, Curr. Med. Chem. 5: 195-204 (1998) and references cited therein; WO 95/32710; WO 95/37655; WO 97/01540; WO 97/37655; WO 98/08840; WO 98/18460; WO 98/18461; WO 98/25892; WO 98/31359; WO 98/30542; EP 853084; EP 854140; EP 854145; and US Patent No.

5,780,426. Evidence of the ability of av3 integrin receptor antagonists to prevent bone resorption in vitro and in vivo has been presented (see V.W. Engleman et al., "A Peptidomimetic Antagonist of the cavp3 Integrin Inhibits Bone Resorption inVitro and Prevents Osteoporosis in Vivo," J. Clin. Invest. 99: 2284-2292 (1997); S.B. Rodan et al., "A High Affinity Non-Peptide cav33 Ligand Inhibits Osteoclast Activity In Vitro and InVivo," J. Bone Miner. Res. 11: S289 (1996); J.F. Gourvest et al., "Prevention of OVX-Induced Bone Loss With a Non-peptidic Ligand of the av3 Vitronectin Receptor," Bone 23: S612 (1998); M.W. Lark et al., "An Orally Active Vitronectin Receptor av33 Antagonist Prevents Bone Resorption In Vitro and In Vivo in the Ovariectomized Rat," Bone 23: S219 (1998)).

The cav3 integrin receptor recognizes the Arg-Gly-Asp

(RGD)

tripeptide sequence in its cognate matrix and cell surface glycoproteins (see J.

Samanen, et al., "Vascular Indications for Integrin av Antagonists," Curr.

Pharmaceut. Design 3: 545-584 (1997)). A benzazepine nucleus has been employed among others by Genentech and SmithKline Beecham as a conformationally constrained Gly-Asp mimetic to elaborate nonpeptide cav3 integrin receptor antagonists substituted at the N-terminus with heterocyclic arginine mimetics (see R.M. Keenan et al., "Discovery of Potent Nonpeptide Vitronectin Receptor (xav3) Antagonists," J. Med. Chem. 40: 2289-2292 (1997); R.M. Keenan et al., "Benzimidazole Derivatives As Arginine Mimetics in 1,4-Benzodiazepine Nonpeptide Vitronectin Receptor (c(av3) Antagonists," Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 8: 3165-3170 (1998); and R.M. Keenan et al., "Discovery of an Imidazopyridine- Containing 1,4-Benzodiazepine Nonpeptide Vitronectin Receptor (cav3) Antagonist With Efficacy in a Restenosis Model," Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 8: 3171-3176 (1998). Patents assigned to SmithKline Beecham that disclose such benzazepinebased av33 integrin receptor antagonists include WO 96/00574, WO 96/00730, WO 96/06087, WO 96/26190, WO 97/24119, WO 97/24122, WO 97/24124, and WO WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 98/15278 and to Genentech include WO 97/34865. The dibenzocycloheptene nucleus has also been employed as a Gly-Asp mimetic to afford uavp3 antagonists (see WO 97/01540 and WO 98/30542 both assigned to SmithKline Beecham). However, there still remains a need for small-molecule, selective av integrin receptor antagonists that display improved potency, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic properties, such as oral bioavailability and significant duration of action. Such compounds would prove to be useful for the treatment, prevention, or suppression of various pathologies enumerated above that are mediated by av binding and cell adhesion and activation.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide dibenzoazepine derivatives which are useful as av integrin receptor antagonists.

It is another object of the present invention to provide dibenzo-azepine derivatives which are useful as av33 receptor antagonists.

It is another object of the present invention to provide dibenzo-azepine derivatives which are useful as cavP5 receptor antagonists.

It is another object of the present invention to provide dibenzo-azepine derivatives which are useful as oav36 receptor antagonists.

It is another object of the present invention to provide dibenzo-azepine derivatives which are useful as dual avP3/cav35 receptor antagonists.

It is another object of the present invention to provide dibenzo-azepine derivatives which are useful as mixed avp3, av35, and ctav6 receptor antagonists.

It is another object of the present invention to provide pharmaceutical compositions comprising av integrin receptor antagonists.

It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for making the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.

It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for eliciting an av integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof by administering the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.

It is another object of the present invention to provide compounds and pharmaceutical compositions useful for inhibiting bone resorption, restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis.

It is another object of the present invention to provide compounds and pharmaceutical compositions useful for treating osteoporosis.

WO 00/48603 PCT/USOO/03796 It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for inhibiting bone resorption, restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis.

It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for treating osteoporosis.

These and other objects will become readily apparent from the detailed description which follows.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to compounds of formula 1

V=V

U W-N SC0 2

R

R1

R

2

(I)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein U and V each independently represent N or CR 6 provided that no more than one U represents N and no more than one V represents N; W is C=O; SO2; or CR IR 2 X is O; S(0)0-2; NR 4 or CRIR 2 Y is selected from the group consisting of -(CH2)0-4-, -(CH2)0-4-O-(CH2) -(CH2)0-4-NR 4 -(CH2) 1 -(CH2)0-4-S-(CH 2 WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCTIUSOO/03796 -(CH2)O.4-SO-(CH2)l -(CH2)0-4-S02-(CH)l 14-.

-(CH2)0Q4-O-(CH 2 1 -4-O-(CH2)O0- 4 I -4-NR 4 -(CH9>) 0 4 -(CH2Xy-4-NR 4 -(CHj 1 -4-NR 4 0 4 -(CH2-)O.4--(CHI -4-S-(CH?)OA4-, -(CH2)O..4-S-(CH 2 )I -4-S-(CH2)OA4-, -(CH?)0-4-NR 4 I 4-S-(CH2)0- 4 -(CH?204-NR 4 -(CH2ji 4-O-(CH?) 0 4 -(CH2)OA4-S-(CH 2 )l -4-O-(CH2)OA4-, and -(CH2)0-4-S-(CH 2 )l -4-NR 4 -(CH9)) 0 4 wherein any methylene (CH'2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R 4 can be substituted by one or two R 3 substituents; Z is selected from the group consisting of a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S wherein the non-aromatic ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted. or substituted with one R 7 substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two R 6 substituents, and a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system has 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S, and wherein the non-aromatic ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one

R

7 substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsuibstituted or substituted with one or two R 6 substituents; R' and R? are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, Cl18 al kyl, WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/USO0103796 C2-8 alkenyl, C?-8 alkynyl, C3- 8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheicroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl

C

1 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl C 1 alkyl, amino C1-6 a]lkyl, C 1 4 acylamino C 1 6 alkyl, (C 1-6 alkyl) 1-2 amino C1-6 alkyl, hydroxy C1-6 alkyl, Cl1 6 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl, C.16 alkylthio C.1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyl, Cl-4 alkoxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyl, and trifi uoromethyl; each R 3 Is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, aryl, C1-8 alkyl, C'28 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, ary] C 1-6 a]lkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, oxo, trifluoromethyl, C.1-6 alkoxy, aryl C1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 a]lkylthio, aryl C1-6 alkylthio, WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 aminocarbonyl, (C1-6 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, aryl CI-6 alkylaminocarbonyl, aryloxycarbonylamino, CI-6 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl C1-6 alkoxycarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino C1-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl C1 -6 alkylcarbonylamino, (C 1-6 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyloxy, C1-6 alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino, aryl C1-6 alkylsulfonylamino, CI-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl C1-6 alkylsulfonyl, C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, and aryl C1-6 alkylcarbonyl; or two R 3 substituents, when on the same carbon atom are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group or a cyclopropyl group, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R 3 are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three R 1 substituents, and provided that each R 3 is selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom or atoms to which R 3 is attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom; each R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl C1-6 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy CI-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, CI-6 alkylsulfonyl, WO 00/48603 PCT/USOO/03796 arylsulfonyl, arylC 1.-6 alkylsulfonyl, C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aryl C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1-6 a]lkylcarbonyl, arylcarbon yI, aryl C1-6 al kylcarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl

CI-

6 alkyl, C 1 4 alkoxycarbonyl C 1-6 alkyl, (aryl) 1-2 aminocarbonyl, (aryl C.16 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, and (C 1-6 alkyl)1p, aminocarbonyl; wherein any of the alkyl groups of R 4 are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three R I substi tuents;

R

5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, CI-8 alkyl, aryl, aryl C 1-6 al kyl, C1 -6 alkylcarbonyloxy CI-4 alkyl, aryl C 1-6 alkylcarbonyloxy C 1 4 alkyl, Cjl6 alkylaminocarbonylmethylene, and C1-6 diaikylaminocar-bonylmethylene; each R 6 is Independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C.1 8 alkyl, C-)8 alkenyl,

C,)

8 alkynyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, WO 00/48603 PCT/USOO/03 796 C3-8 cycloalkyl CI-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl C 1-6 alkyl, aryl, aryl C1 -6 alkyl, amino, amino Cp-6 alkyl, C 1 4 acylamino, Cj.

4 acylamino CI-6 alkyl, (CI-6 alkyl)1,2 amino,

(C

1 6 alkyl)1i, amino Cp-6 alkyl, C 14 alkoxy, CI1A- alkoxy C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbony!, hydroxycarbonyl Cj- 6 alkyl, C 1.4 alkoxycarbonyl, Cj.4 alkoxycarbonyl CI-6 alkyl, hydroxycar-bonyl-C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy CI-6 alkyl, n itro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, 2 ,2,2-trifluoroethy1, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, C 1 -6 alkyI-S(O) 1 (C 1 6 alkyl)1p2 aminocarbonyl, C 1 6 alkyloxycarbonylamino, (C 1-6 alkyl) 1-2 aminocarbonyloxy, (aryl CI-6 alkyl)p-2 amino, (aryl)1i, amino, aryl Cp.6 alkylsulfonylamino, and C 1-6 alkylsLulfonylamino; WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 or two R 6 substituents, when on the same aliphatic carbon atom, are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group; and

R

7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl CI-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl C1-6 alkyl, arylC 1-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl, C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, arylC 1-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and arylC 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl.

The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The present invention also relates to methods for making the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.

The present invention also relates to methods for eliciting an av integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof by administering the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.

The present invention also relates to methods for inhibiting bone resorption, restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, wound healing, tumor growth, and metastasis by administering the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 The present invention also relates to methods for treating osteoporosis by administering the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to compounds useful as av integrin receptor antagonists. Representative compounds of the present invention are described by structural formula I:

V=V

Z-YU

U W-N .CO0 2

R

R1

R

2

(I)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein U and V each independently represent N or CR 6 provided that no more than one U represents N and no more than one V represents N; W is C=O; SO2; or CRIR 2 X is O; S(0)0-2; NR 4 or CR1R 2 Y is selected from the group consisting of -(CH2)0-4-, -(CH2)0-4-O-(CH2)1-4-, -(CH2)0-4-NR 4 -(CH2)I-4-, -(CH2)0-4-S-(CH2) 1-4-, -(CH2)0-4-SO-(CH2) -(CH2)0-4-SO2-(CH2) 1-4-, -(CH2)0-4-O-(CH2) 1-4-O-(CH2)0-4-, WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 -(CH2)0-4-O-(CH2)1-4-NR 4 -(CH2)0-4-, -(CH2)0-4-NR 4 -(CH2) 1-4-NR 4 -(CH2) 0 4 -(CH2)0-4-O-(CH2) -4-S-(CH2)0-4-, -(CH2)0-4-S-(CH2) -4-S-(CH2)0- 4 -(CH2)0-4-NR4-(CH2)1-4-S-(CH2)0-4-, -(CH2)0-4-NR 4 -(CH2)1-4-O-(CH2)0-4-, -(CH2)0-4-S-(CH2)1-4-O-(CH2)0-4-, and -(CH2)0-4-S-(CH2)1-4-NR 4

-(CH

2 wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R 4 can be substituted by one or two R 3 substituents; Z is selected from the group consisting of a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S wherein the non-aromatic ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one R 7 substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two R 6 substituents, and a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system has 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S, and wherein the non-aromatic ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one

R

7 substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two R 6 substituents;

R

1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, -14- WO 00/48603 PCT/USOO/03796 C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl Cp-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl C 1-6 alkyl, aryl, arylC 16 alkyl, amino C 1 -6 al kyl, C 1.4 acylamino C 1-6 alkyl,

(C

1 6 alkyl)1-2 amino C1-6 alkyl, hydroxy C1-6 alkyl, C.1-6 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkylthio C1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyl, C.1-4 alkoxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyl, and trifluoromethy]; each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, aryl, CI-8 alkyl, C28 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl C1-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, oxo, trifluoromethyl, CI-6 alkoxy, aryl C1-6 alkoxy, C-6 alkylthio, aryl C1-6 alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, (Cj16 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl.

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 aryl C1-6 alkylaminocarbonyl, aryloxycarbonylamino, C1-6 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl C1-6 alkoxycarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino C1-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl C1-6 alkylcarbonylamino, (C1-6 alkyl)l-2 aminocarbonyloxy, C1-6 alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino, aryl C1-6 alkylsulfonylamino, C1-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl C1-6 alkylsulfonyl, C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, and aryl C1-6 alkylcarbonyl; or two R 3 substituents, when on the same carbon atom are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group or a cyclopropyl group, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R 3 are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three R substituents, and provided that each R 3 is selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom or atoms to which R 3 is attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom; each R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl C1-6 alkyl, CI-4 alkoxy CI-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C1-6 alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, arylC1-6 alkylsulfonyl, WO 00/48603 PCT/USOO/03796 C 1 -6 alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aryl C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, !C1-6 alkylcarbonyl.

arylcarbonyl, aryl C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl C.1-6 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl CI-6 alkyl, (aryl) 1-2 aminocarbonyl, (aryl CI-6 alkyl)1u2 amninocarbonyl, and (C 1-6 alkyl) 1-2 aminocarbonyl; wherein any of the alkyl groups of R 4 are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three RI substituents;

R

5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, aryl, aryl C 1-6 a]lkyl, C1-6 alkylcarbonyloxy CI-4 alkyl, aryl CI-6 alkylcarbonyloxy C1- 4 alkyl,

C.

1 -6 al kylaminocarbonylmethylene, and CI -6 dialkylaminocarbonylmethylene; each R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-8 alkyl, C2 8 alkenyl, C?-8 alkynyl, C3- 8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-6 alkyl, -17- WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCTIUSOO/03796 C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl C 1-6 alkyl, aryl, aryl C 1-6 alkyl, amino, amino C1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 acylamino, CJ-4 acylamino CI-6 alkyl,

(C

1 6 alkyl)1-2 amino,

(C

1 6 alkyl)1-2 amino CI-6 alkyl, CI-4alkoxy, CI-4 alkoxy CI-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cp-6 alkyl, C 1 4 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 4 alkoxycarbonyl C1.6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl-C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy CI-6 alkyl, ni tro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifi uoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, CI1-6 a]lkyl-S(O) 1-2, (C 1-6 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, C 1-6 alkyloxycarbonylamino, (C 1-6 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyloxy, (aryl C1-6 alkyl)1-2 amino, (aryl) 1-2 amino, aryl C 1 6 alkylsulfonylamino, and C1.6 alkylsulfonyl amino; WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 or two R 6 substituents, when on the same aliphatic carbon atom, are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group; and

R

7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl C -6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl C1-6 alkyl, arylCi-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl, C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, arylCl-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and arylC-6 alkoxycarbonyl.

In the compounds of the present invention, U and V are preferably

CR

6 In the compounds of the present invention, X is preferably oxygen or sulfur. More preferably X is oxygen.

In the compounds of the present invention, W is preferably C=O or CH2.

In the compounds of the present invention, Y is preferably selected from the group consisting of -(CH2)0-4-, -19- WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/USOO/03796 -(CH?)0-4-O-(CH2)l -(CH2)O.4-NR 4

-(CH

2 )l 1 -(CH2)tj.4-SO-(CH2)l -(CHiO-4-S09)-(CH 2 )J -(CH2)0.4-O-(CH 2 1 -4-O-(CH2)O- 4 -(CH2)0-4-O-(CH 2 )l 4-NR 4 -(CH9)) 0 4 -(CH2)O.4-NR 4 -(CH9) I -4-NR 4

-(CH

2 0 4 and -(CH2)0-4-NR 4 -(CH9)l 14-O-(CH2)0- 4 wherein any methylene (CR2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R 4 can be substituted by one or two R 3 substituents. More preferably Y is selected from the group consisting, of (H04- -(CH2)O.4-NR 4 -(CH)l 1-4-1 -(CH2)0.4-S-(CH 2 and -(CH2)0-4-NR 4

-(CH

2 )l -4-O-(CH2)O.4-; wherein any methylene (CR2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R 4 can be substituted by one or two R 3 substituents. Most preferably Y is preferably selected from the group consisting of -(CR240 4 -(CH-2)0-4NR 4 or -(CH2)0-4-NR 4

-(CH

2 )l -4-O-(CH2) 0 4 wherein any methylene (CH'2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R 4 can be substituted by one or two R 3 substituents.

In the compounds of the present invention, Z Is preferably is preferably selected from the group consisting of WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 R 6

R

6

R

6 N N 7

NNN

R7 R7

R

7 NX NN

H

and R E wherein R 7 is as defined above and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two R 6 substituents as defined above. More preferably Z is selected from the group consisting of R6 6lR 6 R 6 N 1N

R

7

R

6 R6 LRN Jand N N N r/ R 7 wherein R 7 is as defined above and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two R 6 substituents as defined above. Most preferably Z is

R

6

R

6 V o/r Cor

R

7 -21- WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 wherein R 7 is as defined above and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two R 6 substituents as defined above.

In the compounds of the present invention, R and R 2 are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, and aryl C1-3 alkyl.

More preferably R and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen and C1-3 alkyl.

In the compounds of the present invention, each R 3 is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, C1- 8 alkyl, aryl C1-6 alkyl, fluoro, hydroxy, oxo, trifluoromethyl, aminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, aryl C1-6 alkylaminocarbonyl, and (C1- 6 alkyl)-l2 aminocarbonyl.

More preferably R 3 is hydrogen or oxo.

In the compounds of the present invention, each R 4 is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, -22- WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 aryl C1-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, CI-4 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkylsulfonyl, arylC1-6 alkylsulfonyl, C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, aryl C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryl C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, (aryl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, (aryl CI-6 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, and (CI-6 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyl.

More preferably, R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, aryl C1-4 alkyl, and C1-4 alkoxy C1-4 alkyl.

Most preferably R 4 is hydrogen or methyl.

In the compounds of the present invention, R 5 is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl.

More preferably, R 5 is hydrogen.

In the compounds of the present invention, each R 6 is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, halo, C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl C1-3 alkyl, C1-4 acylamino, WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/USOO/03796 CI-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, (C 1-6 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, C 1 4 alkoxycarbonyl, tnifluoromethyl, and trifiuoromethoxy.

In the compounds of the present invention, R 7 I s preferably hydrogen, CI-3 alkyl, or aryl C1-3 alkyl. More preferably R 7 is hydrogen.

Illustrative but nonlimiting examples of compounds of the present invention that are useful as uxv integrin receptor antagonists are: 11 -Oxo-3-[3-(pyridin-2-ylamino). I-propoxy] -1 IH-di benzo[ I,4]oxazepin- lO-yl acetic acid ethyl ester; I1I -Oxo-3-[3 -(pyridin-2-yl amino)- I -propox y] -I IH-di benzo[1I,4]oxazepin- acetic acid; 3 -13-(Pyridin-2-ylamino)-lI-propoxy]- I IH-dibenzo[ I ,4ljoxazepin- I 0-yl -acetic acid ethyl ester; 3- 3 -(Pyridin-2-ylamino)-lI-propoxy]-I 11H-dibenzo[ I,4loxazepin-1I0-yl }I-acetic acid; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Further illustrative of the present invention are the compounds selected from the group consisting of 1 -Oxo- 3 -[3-(pyridin-2-ylamino> I -propoxy]- I IH-dibenzo[ 1, 4 ]oxazepin-10-yl acetic acid; 3 3 -(Pyridin-2-ylaminoy 1 -propoxy]-l IH-dibenzo[1I, 4 ]oxazepin- IO-yl I-acetic acid; WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

For use in medicine, the salts of the compounds of this invention refer to non-toxic "pharmaceutically acceptable salts." Other salts may, however, be useful in the preparation of the compounds according to the invention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Salts encompassed within the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refer to non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention which are generally prepared by reacting the free base with a suitable organic or inorganic acid. Representative salts include the following: acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, calcium, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isothionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, mandelate, mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, N-methylglucamine ammonium salt, oleate, oxalate, pamoate (embonate), palmitate, pantothenate, phosphate/diphosphate, polygalacturonate, salicylate, stearate, sulfate, subacetate, succinate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, triethiodide and valerate. Furthermore, where the compounds of the invention carry an acidic moiety, suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may include alkali metal salts, sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts, calcium or magnesium salts; and salts formed with suitable organic ligands, quaternary ammonium salts.

The compounds of the present invention can have chiral centers and can thus occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereomeric mixtures, and individual diastereomers, with all isomeric forms being included in the present invention. Therefore, where a compound is chiral, the separate enantiomers or diastereomers, substantially free of the other, are included within the scope of the invention; further included are all mixtures of the two enantiomers.

Some of the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds, and unless specified otherwise, are meant to include both E and Z geometric isomers.

Some of the compounds described herein may exist with different points of attachment of hydrogen, referred to as tautomers. Such an example may be a WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 ketone and its enol form, known as keto-enol tautomers. The individual tautomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed within the compounds of the present invention.

Compounds of the present invention may be separated into diastereoisomeric pairs of enantiomers by, for example, fractional crystallization from a suitable solvent, for example, methanol or ethyl acetate or a mixture thereof. The pair of enantiomers thus obtained may be separated into individual stereoisomers by conventional means, for example, by the use of an optically active acid as a resolving agent, or by HPLC using a chiral stationary phase. Alternatively, any enantiomer of a compound of the present invention may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis using optically pure starting materials or reagents of known configuration.

Also included within the scope of the invention are polymorphs and hydrates of the compounds of the instant invention.

The present invention includes within its scope prodrugs of the compounds of this invention. In general, such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds of this invention which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound. Thus, in the methods of treatment of the present invention, the term "administering" shall encompass the treatment of the various conditions described with the compound specifically disclosed or with a compound which may not be specifically disclosed, but which converts to the specified compound in vivo after administration to the patient. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs," ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Metabolites of these compounds include active species produced upon introduction of compounds of this invention into the biological milieu.

The term "therapeutically effective amount" shall mean that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher or clinician.

The term av integrin receptor antagonist," as used herein, refers to a compound which binds to and antagonizes either the cvvp3 receptor, the receptor, or the avp6 receptor, or a compound which binds to and antagonizes combinations of these receptors (for example, a dual cavp3/av5 receptor antagonist).

The term "bone resorption," as used herein, refers to the process by which osteoclasts degrade bone.

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 The term "alkyl" shall mean straight or branched chain alkanes of one to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range methyl, ethyl, 1propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl. t-butyl, etc.).

The term "alkenyl" shall mean straight or branched chain alkenes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range.

The term "alkynyl" shall mean straight or branched chain alkynes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range.

The term "cycloalkyl" shall mean cyclic rings of alkanes of three to eight total carbon atoms, or any number within this range cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl).

The term "cycloheteroalkyl," as used herein, shall mean a 3- to 8membered fully saturated heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S. Examples of cycloheteroalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, azetidinyl, morpholinyl, and piperazinyl.

The term "alkoxy," as used herein, refers to straight or branched chain alkoxides of the number of carbon atoms specified C1-5 alkoxy), or any number within this range methoxy, ethoxy, etc.). The term "alkylthio," as used herein, refers to straight or branched chain alkylsulfides of the number of carbon atoms specified C1-5 alkylthio), or any number within this range methylthio, ethylthio, etc.).

The term "aryl," as used herein, refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic system comprising at least one aromatic ring, wherein the monocylic or polycyclic system contains 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, and wherein the monocylic or polycylic system is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, CI-10 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl C1-8 alkyl, amino, amino-Cl_8 alkyl, C1-3 acylamino, C1-3 acylamino-C1- 8 alkyl, Ci- 6 alkylamino, C1-6 alkylamino Ci-8 alkyl, C1-6 dialkylamino, C1-6 dialkylamino-C 1 -8 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, CI-4 alkoxy CI-6 alkyl, C1-4 alkylthio, CI-4 alkylthio C1-6 alkyl hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl CI-6 alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, C1-3 alkoxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl CI-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy CI-6 alkyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, oxo, thioxo, or C 1 -5 alkylcarbonyloxy. Examples of aryl include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, thienyl, furyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, benzo(l,3) WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 dioxolane, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl, which are either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1- 10 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl CI-8 alkyl, amino, amino C1-8 alkyl, C1-3 acylamino, C1-3 acylamino C1-8 alkyl, CI-6 alkylamino,

C

1 6 alkylamino-Cl-8 alkyl, CI-6 dialkylamino, CI-6 dialkylamino C1-8 alkyl, Cl-4 alkoxy, CI- 4 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl CI-6 alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, C1-3 alkoxycarbonyl CI-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl CI-6 alkoxy, hydroxy, hydroxy C1-6 alkyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, oxo or Ci-5 alkylcarbonyloxy.

Preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted with one to four of the above-named substituents: more preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono-, di- or tn-substituted with one to three of the above-named substituents; most preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted with one to two of the above-named substituents.

Whenever the term "alkyl" or "aryl" or either of their prefix roots appears in a name of a substituent aryl Ci- 6 alkyl), it shall be interpreted as including those limitations given above for "alkyl" and "aryl." Designated numbers of carbon atoms CI-8) shall refer independently to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl or cyclic alkyl moiety or to the alkyl portion of a larger substituent in which alkyl appears as its prefix root.

The terms "arylalkyl" and "alkylaryl" include an alkyl portion where alkyl is as defined above and to include an aryl portion where aryl is as defined above.

Examples of arylalkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, fluorobenzyl, chlorobenzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, fluorophenylethyl, chlorophenylethyl, thienylmethyl, thienylethyl, and thienylpropyl. Examples of alkylaryl include, but are not limited to, toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, methylpyridine, ethylpyridine, propylpyridine and butylpyridine.

In the compounds of the present invention, two R 1 substituents, when on the same carbon atom, can be taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group.

In the compounds of the present invention, two R 3 substituents, when on the same carbon atom, can be taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group. In such instances, the limitation, that in the resultant compound the carbon atom or atoms at which R 3 is attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom, does not apply. Also, two R 3 substituents, WO 00/48603 PCT/USOO/03796 when on the same carbon atom, can be taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl group.

The term "halo" shall include iodo, bromo, chloro, and fluoro.

The term "oxy" means an oxygen atom. The term "thio" means a sulfur atom. The term "oxo" means The term "carbonyl" means The term "thioxo" means The letter signifies oxygen; the letter "S" signifies sulfur; and the letter signifies nitrogen.

The term "substituted" shall be deemed to include multiple degrees of substitution by a named substitutent. Where multiple substituent moieties are disclosed or claimed, the substituted compound can be independently substituted by one or more of the disclosed or claimed substituent moieties, singly or plurally. By independently substituted, it is meant that the (two or more) substituents can be the same or different.

Under standard nonmenclature used throughout this disclosure, the terminal portion of the designated side chain is described first, followed by the adjacent functionality toward the point of attachment. For example, a alkylcarbonylamino CI-6 alkyl substituent is equivalent to

O

II

-C1-6 alkyl-NH-C-C1.

5 alkyl In choosing compounds of the present invention, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the various substituents, i.e. X, Y, Z, RI, R 2

R

3

R

4 and

R

5 and the subscripts m, n, and p are to be chosen in conformity with well-known principles of chemical structure connectivity.

Representative compounds of the present invention typically display submicromolar affinity for the integrin receptors, particularly the av33, xav35, and/or avp6 receptors. Compounds of this invention are therefore useful for treating mammals suffering from a bone condition caused or mediated by increased bone resorption, who are in need of such therapy. Pharmacologically effective amounts of the compounds, including pharamaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are administered to the mammal, to inhibit the activity of mammalian osteoclasts.

The compounds of the present invention are administered in dosages effective to antagonize the tav33 receptor where such treatment is needed, as, for example, in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis.

-29- WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 Further exemplifying the invention is the method wherein the av integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an av33 antagonizing effect. An illustration of the invention is the method wherein the av33 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resorption, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, tumor growth, or metastasis. Preferably, the av33 antagonizing effect is the inhibition of bone resorption.

An example of the invention is the method wherein the av integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an (av35 antagonizing effect. More specifically, the antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, tumor growth, or metastasis.

Illustrating the invention is the method wherein the av integrin receptor antagonizing effect is a dual av33/avp5 antagonizing effect. More particularly, the dual cav33/cav35 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of: bone resorption, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, tumor growth, or metastasis.

Illustrating the invention is the method wherein the av integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an avI6 antagonizing effect. More particularly, the avp6 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of angiogenesis, inflammatory response, or wound healing.

Illustrating the invention is the method wherein the tav33 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resorption, inhibition of restenosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of diabetic retinopathy, inhibition of macular degeneration, inhibition of atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, or inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Preferably, the xav33 antagonizing effect is the inhibition of bone resorption.

More particularly illustrating the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Another example of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition made by combining any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Another illustration of the invention is a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 Further illustrating the invention is a method of treating and/or preventing a condition mediated by antagonism of an av integrin receptor in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds described above. Preferably, the condition is selected from bone resorption, osteoporosis, restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, cancer, tumor growth, and metastasis. More preferably, the condition is selected from osteoporosis and cancer. Most preferably, the condition is osteoporosis.

More specifically exemplifying the invention is a method of eliciting an av integrin antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above. Preferably, the av integrin antagonizing effect is an cavp3 antagonizing effect; more specifically the acv3 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resorption, inhibition of restenosis, inhibition of atherosclerosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of diabetic retinopathy, inhibition of macular degeneration, inhibition of inflammation, inhibition of viral disease, or inhibition of tumor growth or metastasis. Most preferably, the avp3 antagonizing effect is inhibition of bone resorption.

Alternatively, the av integrin antagonizing effect is an Cavi5 antagonizing effect, an tav6 antagonizing effect, or a mixed cxav3, cav35, and avp6 antagonizing effect.

Examples of cavp5 antagonizing effects are inhibition of restenosis, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, or tumor growth. Examples of av36 antagonizing effects are inhibition of angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and wound healing.

Additional examples of the invention are methods of inhibiting bone resorption and of treating and/or preventing osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions decribed above.

Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of treating hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteopenia due to bone metastases, periodontal disease, hyperparathyroidism, periarticular erosions in rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, immobilization-induced osteopenia, and glucocorticoid treatment in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above.

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 More particularly exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof. Still further exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of bone resorption, tumor growth, cancer, restenosis, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, and/or angiogenesis.

Also exemplifying the invention are compositions further comprising an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, an estrogen receptor modulator, a cytotoxic/antiproliferative agent, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor.

an inhibitor of epidermal-derived, fibroblast-derived, or plateletderived growth factors, an inhibitor of VEGF, an inhibitor of Flk-1/KDR, Flt-1, Tck/Tie-2, or Tie-1, a cathepsin K inhibitor, and a prenylation inhibitor, such as a famesyl transferase inhibitor or a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor or a dual farnesyl/geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor; and mixtures thereof.

(See B. Millauer et al., "Dominant-Negative Inhibition of Flk-1 Suppresses the Growth of Many Tumor Types in Vivo", Cancer Research, 56, 1615-1620 (1996), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).

Preferably, the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of: an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, an estrogen receptor modulator, and a cathepsin K inhibitor; and mixtures thereof.

Nonlimiting examples of such bisphosphonates include alendronate, etidronate, pamidronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and pharmaceutically acceptable WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 salts and esters thereof. A particularly preferred bisphosphonate is alendronate, especially alendronate monosodium trihydrate.

Nonlimiting examples of estrogen receptor modulators include estrogen, progesterin, estradiol, droloxifene, raloxifene, and tamoxifene.

Nonlimiting examples of cytotoxic/antiproliferative agents are taxol, vincristine, vinblastine, and doxorubicin.

Cathepsin K, formerly known as cathepsin 02, is a cysteine protease and is described in PCT International Application Publication No. WO 96/13523, published May 9, 1996; U.S. Patent No. 5,501,969, issued March 3, 1996; and U.S.

Patent No. 5,736,357, issued April 7, 1998, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Cysteine proteases, specifically cathepsins, are linked to a number of disease conditions, such as tumor metastasis, inflammation, arthritis, and bone remodeling. At acidic pH's, cathepsins can degrade type-I collagen. Cathepsin protease inhibitors can inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption by inhibiting the degradation of collagen fibers and are thus useful in the treatment of bone resorption diseases, such as osteoporosis.

The present invention is also directed to combinations of the compounds of the present invention with one or more agents useful in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. For example, the compounds of the instant invention may be effectively administered in combination with effective amounts of other agents such as an organic bisphosphonate, an estrogen receptor modulator, or a cathepsin K inhibitor.

Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of treating tumor growth or metastasis in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described above and one or more agents known to be cytotoxic/antiproliferative. Also, the compounds of the present invention can be administered in combination with radiation therapy for treating tumor growth and metastasis.

In addition, the integrin cav33 antagonist compounds of the present invention may be effectively administered in combination with a growth hormone secretagogue in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of disorders in calcium or phosphate metabolism and associated diseases. These diseases include conditions which can benefit from a reduction in bone resorption. A reduction in bone resorption should improve the balance between resorption and formation, reduce bone loss or result in bone augmentation. A reduction in bone resorption can alleviate the pain -33- WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 associated with osteolytic lesions and reduce the incidence and/or growth of those lesions. These diseases include: osteoporosis (including estrogen deficiency, immobilization, glucocorticoid-induced and senile), osteodystrophy, Paget's disease, myositis ossificans, Bechterew's disease, malignant hypercalcemia, metastatic bone disease, periodontal disease, cholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis. urolithiasis, urinary calculus, hardening of the arteries (sclerosis), arthritis, bursitis, neuritis and tetany.

Increased bone resorption can be accompanied by pathologically high calcium and phosphate concentrations in the plasma, which would be alleviated by this treatment.

Similarly, the present invention would be useful in increasing bone mass in patients with growth hormone deficiency. Thus, preferred combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments of an cav33 receptor antagonist of the present invention and a growth hormone secretagogue, optionally including a third component comprising an organic bisphosphonate, preferably alendronate monosodium trihydrate.

In accordance with the method of the present invention, the individual components of the combination can be administered separately at different times during the course of therapy or concurrently in divided or single combination forms.

The instant invention is therefore to be understood as embracing all such regimes of simultaneous or alternating treatment, and the term "administering" is to be interpreted accordingly. It will be understood that the scope of combinations of the compounds of this invention with other agents useful for treating integrin-mediated conditions includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for treating osteoporosis.

As used herein, the term "composition" is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.

The compounds of the present invention can be administered in such oral dosage forms as tablets, capsules (each of which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, suspensions, syrups and emulsions. Likewise, they may also be administered in intravenous (bolus or infusion), intraperitoneal, topical ocular eyedrop), subcutaneous, intramuscular or transdermal patch) form, all using forms well known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts. An effective but non-toxic amount of the compound desired can be employed as an Qav33 antagonist.

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 The dosage regimen utilizing the compounds of the present invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound or salt thereof employed. An ordinarily skilled physician, veterinarian or clinician can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to prevent, counter or arrest the progress of the condition.

Oral dosages of the present invention, when used for the indicated effects, will range between about 0.01 mg per kg of body weight per day (mg/kg/day) to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably 0.01 to 10 mg/kg/day, and most preferably 0.1 to mg/kg/day. For oral administration, the compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100 and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated. A medicament typically contains from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient, preferably, from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of active ingredient. Intravenously, the most preferred doses will range from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg/minute during a constant rate infusion. Advantageously, compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily. Furthermore, preferred compounds for the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. To be administered in the form of a transdermal delivery system, the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen.

In the methods of the present invention, the compounds herein described in detail can form the active ingredient, and are typically administered in admixture with suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or carriers (collectively referred to herein as 'carier' materials) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.

For instance, for oral administration in the form of a tablet or capsule, the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable, inert carrier such as lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, mannitol, sorbitol and the WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 like; for oral administration in liquid form, the oral drug components can be combined with any oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water and the like. Moreover, when desired or necessary, suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents and coloring agents can also be incorporated into the mixture. Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes and the like.

Lubricants used in these dosage forms include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like.

Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.

The compounds of the present invention can also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.

Compounds of the present invention may also be delivered by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled. The compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers. Such polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxy-ethylaspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and crosslinked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.

In the schemes and examples below, various reagent symbols and abbreviations have the following meanings: BOP: Benzotriazol-l-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate.

CH2C2: Methylene chloride.

CHC1 3 Chloroform.

CH30H: Methanol WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796

DEAD:

DMF:

DMSO:

EDC:

EtOAc: EtOH:

FABLRMS:

HOBT:

HPLC:

LiAIH4: MgSO4: NaCNBH3: Na2CO3: NaOH: Na2S04:

NMM:

NMR:

NH4C: Pd/C: Ph: Ph3P: Si0 2

TFA:

THF:

TLC:

Diethyl azodicarboxylate.

N.N-Dimethylformamide.

Dimethylsulfoxide.

1-( 3 -Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide

*HCI

Ethyl acetate.

Ethanol.

Fast-atom bombardment low-resolution mass spectrum.

S-Hydroxybenzotriazole.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Lithium aluminum chloride.

Magnesium sulfate.

Sodium cyanoborohydride.

Sodium carbonate.

Sodium hydroxide.

Sodium sulfate.

N-methylmorpholine.

Nuclear magnetic resonance.

Ammonium chloride.

Palladium on activated carbon catalyst.

Phenyl.

Triphenylphosphine.

Silica gel.

Trifluoroacetic acid.

Tetrahydrofuran.

Thin-Layer Chromatography.

The novel compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to the procedures depicted below in Schemes 1 and 2 using appropriate starting materials which are either available from commercial sources or readily made according to methods well-described in the published chemical literature.

The following general synthetic methods can be employed to prepare the compounds of the present invention. Compounds wherein both W and X represent oxygen can be prepared according to the methods of Scheme 1. The required dibenzooxazepinone intermediate 1-3 is prepared in a 3-step sequence from 2 -fluoronitrobenzene and methyl 4 -methoxysalicylate. Alkylation of the seven- -37- WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 membered ring amide nitrogen is effected with an alkyl bromo- or iodoacetate in the presence of an appropriate base, such as sodium or potassium hydride, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, NN-dimethylformamide, or dimethyl sulfoxide.

Compounds wherein X is sulfur and W is oxygen can be made in a similar fashion but using methyl 4 -methoxythiosalicylate in place of methyl 4 -methoxysalicylate to elaborate the dibenzothiazepinone substrate. Compounds wherein X represents (SO)1-2 can be prepared by treatment of the dibenzothiazepinone intermediate with one or two molar equivalents of a suitable oxidizing agent, respectively, such as metachloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA), magnesium monoperoxyphthalate, sodium metaperiodate, sodium perborate, or Oxone, in a suitable reaction solvent, such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, or methanol.

Compounds wherein W is (H)2 can be prepared by treatment of the precursor wherein W is oxygen with a suitable reducing agent, such as lithium aluminum hydride, diborane, or borane-methyl sulfide in a suitable solvent, such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, or methylene chloride.

Compounds wherein Z-Y represents Z-(CH2)m-O- can be prepared by alkylation of a phenolic intermediate such as 1-5 (obtainable by demethylation of the anisole intermediate 1-4) using Mitsunobu-type conditions (triphenylphospine, dialkyl azodicarboxylate) (Synthesis 1981, 1-28; Organic Reactions 1992, 42, 335-656) in the presence of the alcohol reagent, Z(optionally protected)-(CH2)m-OH. Removal of any Z-protecting group followed by further manipulation, such as catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of a palladium catalyst or catalytic transfer hydrogenation and/or removal of any C-terminus carboxylic acid protecting group, such as by alkaline hydrolysis, affords the desired final compounds of the present invention.

Compounds wherein Z-Y represents Z-(CH2)m-S- can be prepared by alkylation of a thiophenol precursor corresponding to 1-5 with an alkyl halide, such as Z(optionally protected)-(CH2)m-I, in the presence of a suitable inorganic or organic base, followed by removal of any Z-protecting group and further manipulation, such as catalytic hydrogenation and/or removal of any C-terminus carboxylic acid protecting group, such as by alkaline hydrolysis. The thiophenol intermediate can be prepared from the phenol by means of the Newman-Karnes procedure. Treatment of the Z(optionally protected)-(CH2)m-S- intermediate with one or two equivalents of a suitable oxidizing agent, such as MCPBA in methylene chloride, and subsequent N- WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 and C-termini deprotection, give the compounds of the present invention wherein Z-Y represents Z-(CH2)m-S(0)- and Z-(CH2)m-S(0)2, respectively.

Compounds wherein Z-Y represents Z-(CH2)m-N(R 4 are prepared by converting a phenolic intermediate, such as 1-5, into its benzoic acid derivative. This can be accomplished, for example, by converting the phenol into its trifluoromethanesulfonate ester followed by carbonyl insertion with carbon monoxide in the presence of potassium acetate, a palladium catalyst, such as palladium acetate, and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf). Alternatively, the trifluoromethanesulfonate ester can be converted into its benzonitrile derivative with copper(I) cyanide in DMF, which is then hydrolyzed to the benzoic acid under standard conditions. Amide bond formation is then carried out using standard coupling reagents, such as BOP, under conditions well-known to practitioners of the art of synthetic organic chemistry. Final N- and C-termini deprotection affords the desired final compounds of the present invention.

The compounds illustrated in the examples below are not to be construed as forming the only genus that is considered as the invention. They serve to further illustrate details for the preparation of the compounds of the present invention.

Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variations of the conditions and processes of the following synthetic procedures can be used to prepare these compounds. All temperatures are degrees Celsius unless otherwise noted.

WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCTIUSOO/03796

CO

2 Me OH+ o 0 2

N

OMe SCHEME 1

K

2 C0 3 DMF, 5000

CO

2 Me NO 2 OMe

H

2 Pd/C MeOH/EtO

H

NaH 1. NaH, DMF, 000 2. BrCH 2 00 2 Et 1-3 EtSH,

AICI

3

CH

2

CI

2 1-4 1-4 WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/USOO/03796 Y H 0 N~ OH I H Ph 3 P, DEAD, DMF 1-6 0_CO 2 Et

H

Pd/C, 2-propanol1- 0 C2E

H

NaOH N -NyN 0

THF/H

2 0 1- IC 2 EXAMPLE I 4 -Methoxy-2-(2-nitrophenoxy)-benzoic acid methyl ester (I -I) A solution of 2 -fluoronitrobenzene (3.978 g, 28.19 mmol), methyl 4methoxysalicylate (5.131 g.28.15 mmol). and potassium carbonate (7.800 g,56.43 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was warmed to 50'C overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue dissolved in dichloromethane and water. The water was extracted twice more with dichloromethane and the combined organic extracts washed with brine and dried (Na-)SO 4 The solvent was removed in v'acuo to afford the title Compound I-1 as a pale yellow oil (9.36 g).

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 IH NMR (CDC13, 400 MHz) 8 8.01 1H, J 8.8 Hz), 7.97 (dd, 1H, J 1.6, 8.1 Hz), 7.44 (dt, IH, J 1.6, 7.8 Hz), 7.14 (dt, IH, J 1.1, 7.8 Hz), 6.82 (dt. 2H, J 2.6, 8.8 Hz), 6.63 1H, J 2.6 Hz), 3.84 3H), 3.70 3H): FABLRMS m/e 304 g/mole C15HI 3

NO

6 304 g/mole); HPLC (Vydac: C18; diameter 4.6 mm; length 150 mm; gradient HO2 [0.1%

H

3 P0 4

CH

3 CN, 95% 5% 95%, over 16 minutes, 2 ml/min flow rate) RT 12.120 min; focus 215 nm; 98.8% pure.

2 -(2-Aminophenoxy)-4-methox -benzoic acid methyl ester (1-2) A solution of 1-1 (7.360 g, 21.87 mmol) in methanol (200 mL) was added to a suspension of 10% palladium on carbon in ethanol (100 mL). The mixture was treated with hydrogen gas at room temperature and pressure for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound 1-2 as an oil (5.80 g).

FABLRMS m/e 273 g/mole C 15

H

15

NO

4 273 g/mole).

3-Methoxy-10H-dibenzo 4 loxazepin- 11-one (1-3) A solution of 1-2 (47.80 g, 174.9 mmol) in THF (1 L) was treated with sodium hydride (7.430 g of 60% in oil, 185.7 mmol) in portions and stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction was quenched with aqueous NH4CI and extracted three times with diethyl ether. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine and dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was removed in vacuo to afford 42 g of crude product. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate gave 1-3 as white crystals (22.8 g).

IH NMR (CDC1 3 400 MHz) 6 8.10 IH), 7.90 1H, J 8.8 Hz), 7.24 (dd, 1H, J 2.3, 7.0 Hz), 7.12 2H) 7.02 (dd, 1H, J 2.6, 7.0 Hz), 6.78 (dd, 1H, J 2. 6, 8.8 Hz), 6.74 1H, J 2.3 Hz), 3.86 3H); FABLRMS m/e 242 g/mole

C

1 4 H 1 N0 3 242 g/mole).

(3-Methoxy- 11-oxo-11H-dibenzo[ .41oxazepin-l0-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (1-4) A solution of 1-3 (330 mg, 1.37 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was cooled to 0°C and treated with sodium hydride 7 4.0 mg of 60% in oil, 1.85 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature for 30 min and cooled to 0°C. The WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 reaction mixture was treated with ethyl bromoacetate and warmed to room temperature for 30 min., followed by quenching with aqueous NH4C1. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue diluted in water and extracted with three portions of dichloromethane. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine and dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was removed in vacuo to afford the title compound 1-4 as an oil (470 mg).

1 H NMR (CDC1 3 400 MHz) 8 7.82 1H, J 8.6 Hz), 7.27-7.15 4H), 6.75 (dd, 1H, J 2.4, 8.6 Hz), 6.71 1H, J 2.4 Hz), 4.61 2H), 4.30 2H, J 7.1 Hz), 3.84 3H), 1.32 3H, J 7.1 Hz); FABLRMS m/e 328 g/mole

CI

8

H

7

N

5 328 g/mole).

(3-Hydroxv-1 I-oxo-11 H-dibenzo[ 1,4oxazepin- 0-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester A solution of 1-4 (8.80 g, 26.8 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 mL) was cooled to -5°C and treated with ethanethiol (16.8 g, 270 mmol) and aluminum chloride (21.5 g, 161 mmol). The reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred four hours before quenching with aqueous NH4CI solution. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was removed in vacuo.

Preparative centrifugal chromatography (SiO,, 6mm, 10% EtOH; 90% CH,Cl1) afforded 1-5 as a clear, glassy solid (3.0 g).

FABLRMS m/e 314 g/mole

C

17

H

15

NO

5 314 g/mole).

3-r3-( -Hvdroxv-pvridin-2-ylamino)-l-propox1-11 -oxo-1 1H-dibenzo [l,41oxazepin-10-yl }-acetic acid ethyl ester (1-6) A solution of 1-5 (274 mg, 0.875 mmol) and Ph 3 P (264 mg, 1.00 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was treated with a solution of DEAD (193 mg, 1.11 mmol) and 2 3 -hydroxy-propylamino)-pyridin-l-oxide (186 mg, 1.11 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature for 6 days. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane and aqueous Na2CO3 solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with four portions of dichloromethane and the combined organic extracts washed with brine and dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was removed in vacuo.

Preparative centrifugal chromatography (SiO 2 2mm, 10% EtOH; 90% CH 2 Cl,) afforded 1-6 (130 mg).

WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/USOO/03796 I H NMR (CDCI 3 400 MHz) 8 8.11 (dd, I H, J 1.5. 6.6 Hz), 7.81 I H, J 8.8 Hz), 7.26-7.12 (in, 5H), 6.98 I.H. J 5.5 Hz), 6.77 (dd, 11-,1J 2.4, 8.8 Hz), 6.72 I H, J 2.4 Hz), 6.61 (dd, I H, J 8.4 Hz), 6.54 (dt, I H, J 1. 7. 5.8 Hz), 4.61 2H), 4.31 2H, J 7.1 Hz), 4.13 2H, J 5.7 Hz), 3.51 2H, J =6.4 Hz), 2.18 (dddd, 2H, J 6 Hz), 1.33 3H, J 7.1 Hz).

1_11I -Oxo- 3 [3-(pyvndin-2-ylamino)-1 -propoxyl- I 1H-djbenzo[ I 4]oxazepin-I O-yl Iacetic acid ethyl ester 1-7) A solution of 1-6 (125 mng, 0.270 mmol) in 2 -propanol (20 mL) was treated with 1,4-cyclohexadiene (296 mg, 3.69 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (72 mg). The mixture was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound 1-7 (1.15 mg). The crude product was used directly in the next reaction.

f1 I -Oxo- 3 3 -(pyridin-2-vylamino)l-propoxyl. I IH-dibenzo[ I 4 1oxazepin-10-yl

I-

acetic acid (1-8) A solution of 1-7 (115 mg, 0.256 mmol) in THF (6 mL) was treated with IM aqueous NaOH (2.50 m-L) at room temperature for one hour. The reaction was neutralized with IM aqueous HCI (2.50 mL) and the solvents were removed ill vacuo. Preparative centrifugal chromatography (Si0j, 2mm, 10% MeGH; EtOAc, 65% CHCI 3 afforded 1-8 (70 mng).

I H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) 8 7.96-7.94 (in, I 7.59 I H, J 8.6 Hz), 7.49 (dd, I H, J 2.2, 7.5 Hz), 7 3 6 -7.29 (mn, 2H), 7.18-7.14 (in, 2H), 6.89 I H, J Hz), 6.84 (dd, I H, J 2.5, 8.6 Hz), 6.56 I1H, J 5.7 Hz), 6.46-6.43 (in, 2H), 4.23 2H), 4.12 2H, J 6.2 Hz), 3.39-3.33 (in, 3H), 2.00-1.96 (mn, 2H).

FABLRMS in/e 420 g/mole

C

9 3

H

9 1

IN

3 0 5 420 g/mole); Exact MS (ES)

C,

23

H

2

IN

3 0 5 420.1554), Found 420.1553; HiPLC (Vydac; C18-, diameter 4.6 mm; length 150 mm; gradient H 1 0O 1%

H

3 P0 4

CH

3 CN, 95% 5% 95%, over 16 minutes, 2 mI/mmn flow rate) RT= 7.967 min, focus 215 nin; 100% pure.

WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCTUSOO/03796 SCHEME 2 LiAIH 4 THF, 55 0

C

1-3 2-1 1. NaH, DMSO 2. BrCH 2 00 2 Et, 5000 MeO 0 2-2 \-CO 2 Et EtSH, AI01 3

CH

2

CI

2 HO 0 O

P

NJ N 2-3

CO

2 Et 9H Ph 3 p, DEAD, DMF WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/USOO/03796 I

N

Pd/C, 2-4 \_CO 2 Et 2-propanol

H

N NaOH II

N

\_C2EtTH

F/H

2 0

H

N''O

2-6 N\ CO 2

H

EXAMPLE 2 3-Methoxy- 10,1 1-dihydro-dibenzo[ 1 4 loxazepine (2-1) Asolution of 1-3 (1.16 g, 4.80 mmol) in THE (50 mL) was treated with a solution of IM LIAlHzt in TI-F (10.0 m.L, 10.0 mmol) and heated to 55'C for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with diethyl ether. The solvents were removed in vactic to afford 2-1 (1.05 g).

FABLRMS rn/c 228 g/mole C 14

H

13 N0 2 228 g/mole).

(3-Methoxy- IH-dibenzo[1 ,4]oxazepin- lO-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (2-2) A solution of 2-1 (2.04 g, 8.97 mmol) in DMSO (10 mL) was cooled to 0 0 C and treated with sodium hydride (450 mg of 60% in oil, 11.2 rnmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature for 15 min, followed by addition of ethyl bromoacetate (1.67 g, 10.0 mmol) and warming to 50'C overnight. The WO 00/48603 PCT/USOO/03796 solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue diluted in water and extracted with three portions of dichloromethane. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine and dried (Na2SO 4 The solvent was removed in vacuo. Preparative centrifugal chromatography (SiO 2 6mm, 50% EtOAc, 50% hexane) afforded 2-2 (2.17 g).

FABLRMS m/e 314 g/mole

C

1 8

H

19

N

O 4 314 g/mole).

(3-Hydroxy- IH-dibenzoll, 4 1oxazepin- O-vl)-acetic acid ethyl ester (2-3) A solution of 2-2 (400 mg, 1.27 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was cooled to -5 0 C and treated with ethanethiol (419 mg, 6.75 mmol) and aluminum chloride (815 mg, 6.11 mmol). After 30 min, the reaction was quenched with aqueous NH4CI solution. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue dissolved in IM HC1. The aqueous layer was extracted with three portions of dichloromethane and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine and dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was removed in vacuo. Preparative centrifugal chromatography (SiO,, 4mm, EtOH; 90% CH2ClI) afforded 2-3 (240 mg).

FABLRMS m/e 300 g/mole

C

17

H

17 NO4 300 g/mole).

13-[3-(l-Hydroxy-pyridin-2-vlamino)-l-propoxyl-1 IH-dibenzo 1,41 oxazepin-l0-yl acetic acid ethyl ester (2-4) A solution of 2-3 (150 mg, 0.500 mmol) and Ph 3 P (204 mg, 0.777 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was treated with a solution of DEAD (121 mg, 0.698 mmol) and 2 3 -hydroxy-propylamino)-pyridin-1-oxide (122 mg, 0.725 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature for 2 days. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane and aqueous Na2CO3 solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with four portions of dichloromethane and the combined organic extracts washed with brine and dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was removed in vacuo. Preparative centrifugal chromatography (SiO,, 2mm, 10% EtOH; CH2CI 2 afforded 2-4 (135 mg).

FABLRMS m/e 450 g/mole

C

25

H

27

N

3 0 5 450 g/mole).

WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/USOO/03796 f3-[3-(Pyridin-2-ylamino)-1 -propoxyl-11IH-dibenzo[ I,4]oxazepin- lO-yI I -acetic acid ethyl ester A solution of 2-4 (135 mg, 0.300 mmol) in 2-propanol (20 mL) was treated with 1,4-cyclohexadiene (296 mg, 3.69 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (88 mg). The mixture was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate evaporated in vacuc to afford the title compound 25(110 mg). The crude product was used directly inthe nextrecin FABLRMS in/c 434 g/mole

C

2 5

H

27

N

3 0 4 =434 g/mole).

3 3 -(Pyridin-2-ylamino)lpropoxyl-IIH-dibenzo[1I,4loxazepin- IO-vI -acetic acid (2-6) Asolution of 2-5 (100 mg, 0.230 mmol) in THF (15 mL) and methanol m-L) was treated with IM aqueous NaOH (5.00 mL) at room temperature for minutes. The reaction was neutralized with I M aqueous HCI (5.0 mL) and the solvents were removed in vacuo. Preparative centrifugal chromatography (SiG, 2mm, 10% MeOH; 25% EtOAc, 65% CHCI 3 afforded 2-6 (60 mg).

IH NMR (CDC1 3 400 MHz) 8 8.85 (br s, 11H), 7.80 IIH, J 5.3 Hz), 7.60 (dt, IH, J 1.7, 7.9 Hz), 7.04 (dd, IH, J 1.3, 8.1 Hz), 6.91-6.53 (in, 8H), 4.27 2H), 4.09 2H, J 6.0 Hz), 3.90 (br s, 3.83 2H), 3.42 2H, J 6.0 Hz). 2.11-2.04 (in, 2H)-, FABLRMS inle 406 glmole

C?

93

H

23

N

3 0 4 406 glmole); Exact MIS (ES)

C

2 3

H?

3

N

3 0 4 406.1761), Found 406.1765; HPLC (Vydac; C 18; diameter 4.6 mm-, length 150 mm; gradient H 2 0 [0.1%

H

3 P0 4

CH

3 CN, 95% 5% 95%, over 16 minutes, 2 mI/mmn flow rate) RT 8.431 min; focus 215 nin; 98.8% pure.

-48- WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCTUSOO/03796 SCHEME

A

Synthesis of Radioligand for SPA Assay

H

2 N ~.~C0 2

H

0 H NH 2 A-i 50 2 C11 NoOH, dioxane

H

2 0

H

2 N ~C 2

H

o H NS2 A-2 I1. Br 2 NaOH, H 2 0 2. HCI -49- WO 00/48603 PTUO/39 PCT/USOO/03796 SCHEME A, cont'd.

A-3

HCI

EIO H

H

2

CH

3 A-4 \7 C0 2 0H 2 0H 3

N

H

2 N

H

2 Pd/C

DOCH

6N HCI WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCTIUSOO/03796 SCHEME A, cont'd HCIkH 2 NXN)-'

HCI.H

2 N >C2CH2CH3 H

HNSO

2

C

6

H

4

I

A-4 EDC, HOBI, NMM, DMF

H

2

N'

-O

2

CH

2

CH

3 A-7 I6N HCi 60 0

C

A-8 -51- WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/U SOO/03 796

(CH

3 Sn) 2 Pd(PPh 3 )4, dioxane, 900 C Sn(0H 3 3 C02H A-9 0 A-1

N-(

4 -Iodo-phenylsulfonvlami no)-L-asparagine (A-2) To a stirred solution of acid AJ1 (4.39 g, 33.2 mmol), NaGH (1.49 g, 37.2 mmol), dioxane (30 ml) and H20 (30 ml) at 0 0 C was added pipsyl chloride (10.34 g, 34.2 mmol). After -5 minutes, NaGH (1.49, 37.2 mmol) dissolved in 15 ml was added followed by the removal of the cooling bath. After 2.0 h1, the reaction mixture was concentrated.. The residue was dissolved in H20 (300 ml) and then washed with EtOAc. The aqueous portion was cooled to 0 0 C and then acidified with concentrated HCI. The solid was collected and then washed with diethyl ether to provide acid A-2 as a white solid.

I H NMR (300 MHz, D20O) 6 7.86 2H, J=8Hz 7.48 2H, J=8Hz) 3.70 (in, 1H), 2.39 (mn, 2.H).

2 4 -lodo-phenylsulfonylamino)4-..alanine (A-3) To a stirred solution of NaGH (7.14 g, 181.8 inmol) and H20 (40 ml) at 0 0 C was added bromine (1.30 ml, 24.9 inmol) dropwise over a ten minute period.

After -5 minutes, acid A-2 (9.9 g, 24.9 minol), NaOH (2.00 g, 49.8 inmol) and 52 WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 ml) were combined, cooled to 0°C and then added in a single portion to the reaction. After stirring for 20 minutes at 0°C, the reaction was heated to 90 0 C for minutes and then recooled to 0°C. The pH was adjusted to -7 by dropwise addition of concentrated HCI. The solid was collected, washed with EtOAc, and then dried in vacuo to provide acid A-3 as a white solid.

1 H NMR (300 MHz, D20) 8 8.02 2H, J=8Hz), 7.63 2H, J=8Hz), 4.36 1H), 3.51 (dd, 1H, J=5Hz, 13Hz) 3.21 1H).

Ethyl 2(S)-(4-iodo-phenvlsulfonvlamino)-1-alanine-hydrochloride (A-4) HCI gas was rapidly bubbled through a suspension of acid A-3 (4.0 g, 10.81 mmol) in EtOH (50 ml) at 0°C for 10 minutes. The cooling bath was removed and the reaction was heated to 60 0 C. After 18 h, the reaction was concentrated to provide ester A-4 as a white solid.

IH NMR (300 MHz, CD30D) 8 7.98 2H, J=8Hz), 7.63 2H, J=8Hz), 4.25 (q, 1H, J=5Hz), 3.92 2H), 3.33 IH), 3.06 1H), 1.01 3H, J=7Hz).

Ethyl 4 2 2 -Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoate A mixture of ester A-5 (700 mg, 2.63 mmol), (for preparation, see: Scheme 29 of PCT International Application Publication No. WO 95/32710, published December 7, 1995) 10% Pd/C (350 mg) and EtOH were stirred under 1 atm hydrogen gas. After 20 h, the reaction was filtered through a celite pad and then concentrated to provide ester A-5a as a brown oil.

TLC Rf 0.23 (silica, 40% EtOAc/hexanes) IH NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 7.95 2H, J=8Hz), 7.26 3H), 6.43 1H, J=7Hz), 6.35 1H, J=8Hz), 4.37 4H), 3.05 2H), 2.91 2H), 1.39 3H, J=7Hz).

4 -f2-(2-Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyllbenzoic acid hydrochloride (A-6) A suspension of ester A-5a (625 mg, 2.31 mmol) in 6N HCI (12 ml) was heated to 60°C. After -20 h, the reaction was concentrated to give acid A-6 as a tan solid.

IH NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) 8 7.96 2H, J=8Hz), 7.80 1H), 7.33 2H, J=8Hz). 6.84 1H, J=9Hz), 6.69 1H, J=7Hz), 3.09 4H).

WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/USOO/03796 Ethyl 4-2(-mnprdn6y~tyjezyl2S-4id-hnlufnlmn)p alanine (A-7) A solution of acid 15-6 (400 ma, 1.43 mmol), amine A-4 (686 mu, 1.57 mmol), EDC (358 mg, 1.86 mmol), HOBT (252 mg, 1.86 mrnol). NMM (632 /fl, 5.72 mmol) in DMvF (10 ml) was stirred for -20 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and then washed with saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate, brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, EtOAc then isopropanol/EtOAc) provided amide A-7 as a white solid.

TLC Rf 0.4 (silica. 10% isopropanollEtOAc) 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) 6 7.79 2H, 1=9Hz) 7.61 2H, J=8Hz), 7.52 (d, 2H, J=9Hz), 7.29 (in, 1H), 7.27 2H, J=8Hz), 4.20 (in, IH), 3.95 2H. J=7Hz), 3.66 (dd, I1H, J=6Hz, 14Hz), 3.49 (dd, I H, J=8Hz, 13Hz), 3.01 (in, 2H). 2.86 (mr, 2H), 1 .08 3H, J=7Hz).

4-2(-mnprdn6y~ty~ezyl2S-4ldpey-ufnimn)O alanine. (A-8) Asolution of ester A-7 (200 mg, 0.3213 mmol) and 6N HCI (30 ml) was heated to 60'C. After -20 h, the reac tion mixture was concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, 20:20: 1:1 EtOAcJEtOHJ NH4OH/H 2 0) provided acid A-8 as a white solid.

TLC Rf 0.45 (silica, 20:20:1:1 EtOAcIEtOHINH 4

OWH

2

HO)

I H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 8 8.40 (in, IH), 8.14 (Bs, 1H), 7.81 2H, J=8Hz), 7.62 2H, J=8Hz), 7.48 2H, J=8Hz), 7.27 (in, 3H), 6.34 I H, J=7Hz), 6.25 (d, I H, J=8Hz), 5.85 (bs, 2H), 3.89 (bs, I 3.35 (mn, 2H), 2.97 (in, 2H), 2.79 (in, 2H).

4- 2 2 -Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyl)benzoyl-2(S)-(4-tri methyistannylphenylsulfonylamino-a-alanine (A-9) A solution of iodide A-8 (70 mg, 0. 1178 mmol), [(CH3)3Sn]2 (49 Al 0.2356 inmol), Pd(PPh3) 4 (5 mg) and dioxane (7 ml) was heated to 90'C. After 2 h, the reaction was concentrated and then purified by preparative HPLC (Delta-Pak C 18 AM 100A', 40 x 100 mm; 95:5 then 5:95 H,?OICH3CN) to provide the trifluoroacetate salt. The salt was suspended in H20O (10 ml), treated with NH40H drops) and then lyophilized to provide amide A-9 as a white solid.

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 8.40 IH), 8.18 1H, J=8Hz), 7.67 7.56 2H, J=8Hz), 7.29 2H, J=8Hz), 6.95-7.52 2H), 6.45 (bs, 2H). 4.00 (m, 1H), 3.50 IH), 3.33 1H), 2.97 2H), 2.86 2H).

4-[2-(2-Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-4- 12 5 iodo-phenylsulfonylamino-3alanine An iodobead (Pierce) was added to a shipping vial of 5 mCi of Na 12 5

I

(Amersham, IMS30) and stirred for five minutes at room temperature. A solution of 0.1 mg of A-9 in 0.05 mL of 10% H2S04/CH30H was made and immediately added to the Na 12 5 I/iodobead vial. After stirring for three minutes at room temperature, approximately 0.04-0.05 mL of NH40H was added so the reaction mixture was at pH 6-7. The entire reaction mixture was injected onto the HPLC for purification [Vydac peptide-protein C-18 column, 4.6 x 250 mm, linear gradient of 10% acetonitrile (TFA):H20 TFA) to 90% acetonitrile TFA):H20

TFA)

over 30 minutes, 1 mL/min]. The retention time of A-10 is 17 minutes under these conditions. Fractions containing the majority of the radioactivity were pooled, lyophilized and diluted with ethanol to give approximately 1 mCi of A-10. which coeluted on HPLC analysis with an authentic sample of A-8.

Instrumentation: Analytical and preparative HPLC was carried out using a Waters 600E Powerline Multi Solvent Delivery System with 0.1 mL heads with a Rheodyne 7125 injector and a Waters 990 Photodiode Array Detector with a Gilson FC203 Microfraction collector. For analytical and preparative HPLC, a Vydac peptide-protein C-18 column, 4.6 x 250 mm was used with a C-18 Brownlee modular guard column. The acetonitrile used for the HPLC analyses was Fisher Optima grade.

The HPLC radiodetector used was a Beckman 170 Radioisotope detector. A Vydac C-18 protein and peptide column, 3.9 x 250 mm was used for analytical and preparative HPLC. Solutions of radioactivity were concentrated using a Speedvac vacuum centrifuge. Calibration curves and chemical concentrations were determined using a Hewlett Packard Model 8452A UV/Vis Diode Array Spectrophotometer.

Sample radioactivities were determined in a Packard A5530 gamma counter.

The test procedures employed to measure xav33 and cavp5 binding and the bone resorption inhibiting activity of the compounds of the present invention are described below.

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 BONE RESORPTION-PIT

ASSAY

When osteoclasts engage in bone resorption, they can cause the formation of pits in the surface of bone that they are acting upon. Therefore, when testing compounds for their ability to inhibit osteoclasts, it is useful to measure the ability of osteoclasts to excavate these resorption pits when the inhibiting compound is present.

Consecutive 200 micron thick cross sections from a 6 mm cylinder of bovine femur diaphysis are cut with a low speed diamond saw (Isomet, Beuler, Ltd., Lake Bluff, II). Bone slices are pooled, placed in a 10% ethanol solution and refrigerated until further use.

Prior to experimentation, bovine bone slices are ultrasonicated twice, minutes each in H20. Cleaned slices are placed in 96 well plates such that two control lanes and one lane for each drug dosage are available. Each lane represents either triplicate or quadruplicate cultures. The bone slices in 96 well plates are sterilized by UV irradiation. Prior to incubation with osteoclasts, the bone slices are hydrated by the addition of 0.1 ml aMEM, pH 6.9 containing 5% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.

Long bones from 7-14 day old rabbits (New Zealand White Hare) are dissected, cleaned of soft tissue and placed in aMEM containing 20 mM HEPES.

The bones are minced using scissors until the pieces are <1 mm and transferred to a ml tube in a volume of 25 ml. The tube is rocked gently by hand for 60 cycles, the tissue is sedimented for 1 min., and the supernatant is removed. Another 25 ml of medium is added to the tissue and rocked again. The second supernatant is combined with the first. The number of cells is counted excluding erythrocytes (typically 2 x 107 cells/ml). A cell suspension consisting of 5 x 10 6 /ml in aMEM containing fetal bovine serum, 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3, and pencillin-streptomycin is prepared. 200 ml aliquots are added to bovine bone slices (200 mm x 6 mm) and incubated for 2 hrs.

at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. The medium is removed gently with a micropipettor and fresh medium containing test compounds is added. The cultures are incubated for 48 hrs., and assayed for c-telopeptide (fragments of the al chain of type I collagen) by Crosslaps for culture media (Herlev, Denmark).

Bovine bone slices are exposed to osteoclasts for 20-24 hrs and are processed for staining. Tissue culture media is removed from each bone slice. Each well is washed with 200 ml of H20, and the bone slices are then fixed for 20 minutes WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 0.1 M cacodylate, pH 7.4. After fixation, any remaining cellular debris is removed by 2 min. ultrasonication in the presence of 0.25 M followed by 2 X 15 min ultrasonication in H20. The bone slices are immediately stained for 6-8 min with filtered 1% toluidine blue and 1% borax.

After the bone slices have dried, resorption pits are counted in test and control slices. Resorption pits are viewed in a Microphot Fx (Nikon) fluorescence microscope using a polarizing Nikon IGS filter cube. Test dosage results are compared with controls and resulting IC50 values are determined for each compound tested.

The appropriateness of extrapolating data from this assay to mammalian (including human) disease states is supported by the teaching found in Sato, et al., Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 31-40, 1990, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. This article teaches that certain bisphosphonates have been used clinically and appear to be effective in the treatment of Paget's disease, hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteolytic lesions produced by bone metastases, and bone loss due to immobilization or sex hormone deficiency.

These same bisphosphonates are then tested in the resorption pit assay described above to confirm a correlation between their known utility and positive performance in the assay.

EIB ASSAY Duong et al., J. Bone Miner. Res., 8: S378 (1993), describes a system for expressing the human integrin cvp33. It has been suggested that the integrin stimulates attachment of osteoclasts to bone matrix, since antibodies against the integrin, or RGD-containing molecules, such as echistatin (European Publication 382 451), can effectively block bone resorption.

Reaction Mixture: 1. 175 tl TBS buffer (50 mM Tris-HCI pH 7.2, 150 mM NaCI, 1% BSA, 1 mM CaC12, 1 mM MgCI2).

2. 25 ml cell extract (dilute with 100 mM octylglucoside buffer to give 2000 cpm/25 tl).

3. 12 5 1-echistatin (25 g1/50,000 cpm) (see EP 382 451).

4. 25 ul buffer (total binding) or unlabeled echistatin (non-specific binding).

-57- WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 The reaction mixture was then incubated for 1 h at room temp. The unbound and the bound cav33 were separated by filtration using a Skatron Cell Harvester. The filters (prewet in 1.5% poly-ethyleneimine for 10 mins) were then washed with the wash buffer (50 mM Tris HCI, ImM CaCl2/MgCl2, pH The filter was then counted in a gamma counter.

SPA ASSAY

MATERIALS:

1. Wheat germ agglutinin Scintillation Proximity Beads (SPA): Amersham 2. Octylglucopyranoside: Calbiochem 3. HEPES: Calbiochem 4. NaCI: Fisher CaCl2: Fisher 6. MgCI2: SIGMA 7. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF): SIGMA 8. Optiplate: PACKARD 9. Compound A-10 (specific activity 500-1000 Ci/mmole) test compound 11. Purified integrin receptor: av(33 was purified from 293 cells overexpressing av33 (Duong et al., J. Bone Min. Res., 8:S378, 1993) according to Pytela (Methods in Enzymology, 144:475, 1987) 12. Binding buffer: 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.8, 100 mM NaCI, 1 mM Ca 2 +/Mg 2 0.5 mM PMSF 13. 50 mM octylglucoside in binding buffer: 50-OG buffer

PROCEDURE:

1. Pretreatment of SPA beads: 500 mg of lyophilized SPA beads were first washed four times with 200 ml of 50-OG buffer and once with 100 ml of binding buffer, and then resuspended in 12.5 ml of binding buffer.

WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 2. Preparation of SPA beads and receptor mixture In each assay tube, 2.5 tl (40 mg/ml) of pretreated beads were suspended in 97.5 ul of binding buffer and 20 ml of buffer. 5 ml (-30 ng/jl) of purified receptor was added to the beads in suspension with stirring at room temperature for minutes. The mixture was then centrifuged at 2,500 rpm in a Beckman GPR Benchtop centrifuge for 10 minutes at 4°C. The pellets were then resuspended in 50 pl of binding buffer and lil of 50-OG buffer.

3. Reaction The following were sequentially added into Optiplate in corresponding wells: Receptor/beads mixture (75 (tl) (ii) 25 pl of each of the following: compound to be tested, binding buffer for total binding or A-8 for non-specific binding (final concentration I rM) (iii) A-10 in binding buffer (25 tl, final concentration 40 pM) (iv) Binding buffer (125 .1) Each plate was sealed with plate sealer from PACKARD and incubated overnight with rocking at 4 0

C

4. Plates were counted using PACKARD

TOPCOUNT

5. inhibition was calculated as follows: A total counts B nonspecific counts C sample counts inhibition x 100 -59- WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 OCFORM ASSAY Osteoblast-like cells (1.8 cells), originally derived from mouse calvaria, were plated in CORNING 24 well tissue culture plates in aMEM medium containing ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides, 10% fetal bovine serum and penicillinstreptomycin. Cells were seeded at 40,000/well in the morning. In the afternoon, bone marrow cells were prepared from six week old male Balb/C mice as follows: Mice were sacrificed, tibiae removed and placed in the above medium.

The ends were cut off and the marrow was flushed out of the cavity into a tube with a 1 mL syringe with a 27.5 gauge needle. The marrow was suspended by pipetting up and down. The suspension was passed through >100 mm nylon cell strainer. The resulting suspension was centrifuged at 350 x g for seven minutes. The pellet was resuspended, and a sample was diluted in 2% acetic acid to lyse the red cells. The remaining cells were counted in a hemacytometer. The cells were pelleted and resuspended at I x 106 cells/mL. 50 pL was added to each well of 1.8 cells to yield 50,000 cells/well and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (D3) was added to each well to a final concentration of 10 nM. The cultures were incubated at 37'C in a humidified, CO2 atmosphere. After 48 h, the medium was changed. 72 h after the addition of bone marrow, test compounds were added with fresh medium containing D3 to quadruplicate wells. Compounds were added again after 48 h with fresh medium containing D3. After an additional 48 the medium was removed, cells were fixed with 10% formaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline for 10 minutes at room temperature, followed by a 1-2 minute treatment with ethanol:acetone and air dried. The cells were then stained for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase as follows: The cells were stained for 10-15 minutes at room temperature with mM acetate buffer, pH 5.0 containing 30 mM sodium tartrate, 0.3 mg/mL Fast Red Violet LB Salt and 0.1 mg/mL Naphthol AS -MX phosphate. After staining, the plates were washed extensively with deionized water and air dried. The number of multinucleated, positive staining cells was counted in each well.

cav5 ATTACHMENT ASSAY Duong et al., J. Bone Miner. Res., 11: S290 (1996), describes a system for expressing the human av35 integrin receptor.

Materials: WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 1. Media and solutions used in this assay are purchased from BRL/Gibco, except BSA and the chemicals are from Sigma.

2. Attachment medium: HBSS with 1 mg/ml heat-inactivated fatty acid free BSA and 2 mM CaCI2.

3. Glucosaminidase substrate solution: 3.75 mM p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta- D-glucosaminide, 0.1 M sodium citrate, 0.25% Triton, pH 4. Glycine-EDTA developing solution: 50 mM glycine, 5 mM EDTA, pH 10.5.

Methods: 1. Plates (96 well, Nunc Maxi Sorp) were coated overnight at 4 oC with human vitronectin (3 pg/ml) in 50 mM carbonate buffer (pH 9 using 100 Gl/well. Plates were then washed 2X with DPBS and blocked with 2% BSA in DPBS for 2h at room temperature. After additional washes (2X) with DPBS, plates were used for cell attachment assay.

2. 293 (avp5) cells were grown in caMEM media in presence of 10% fetal calf serum to 90% confluence. Cells were then lifted from dishes with IX Trypsin/EDTA and washed 3X with serum free aMEM. Cells were resuspended in attachment medium (3 X 10 5 cells/ml).

3. Test compounds were prepared as a series of dilutions at 2X concentrations and added as 50 pl/well. Cell suspension was then added as ml/well. Plates were incubated at 37 oC with 55 CO2 for 1 hour to allow attachment.

4. Non-adherent cells were removed by gently washing the plates (3X) with DPBS and then incubated with glucosaminidase substrate solution (100 pl/well), overnight at room temperature in the dark. To quantitate cell numbers, standard curve of glucosaminidase activity was determined for each experiment by adding samples of cell suspension directly to wells containing the enzyme substrate solution.

5. The next day, the reaction was developed by addition of 185 gl/well of glycine/EDTA solution and reading absorbance at 405 nm using a Molecular Devices V-Max plate reader. Average test absorbance values (4 wells per test samples) were calculated. Then, the number of attached cells at each drug concentration was quantitated versus the standard curve of cells using the Softmax program.

-61- WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 EXAMPLE OF A PHARMACEUTICAL

FORMULATION

As a specific embodiment of an oral composition, 100 mg of any of the compounds of the present invention are formulated with sufficient finely divided lactose to provide a total amount of 580 to 590 mg to fill a size O hard gel capsule.

Representative compounds of the present invention were tested and found to bind to human civ33 integrin. These compounds were generally found to have IC50 values less than about 100 nM in the SPA assay.

Representative compounds of the present invention were tested and generally found to inhibit 50% the attachment of ovI35 expressing cells to plates coated with vitronectin at concentrations of about I p.M.

While the invention has been described and illustrated in reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, effective dosages other than the preferred doses as set forth hereinabove may be applicable as a consequence of variations in the responsiveness of the mammal being treated for severity of bone disorders caused by resorption, or for other indications for the compounds of the invention indicated above. Likewise, the specific pharmacological responses observed may vary according to and depending upon the particular active compound selected or whether there are present pharmaceutical carriers, as well as the type of formulation and mode of administration employed, and such expected variations or differences in the results are contemplated in accordance with the objects and practices of the present invention. It is intended, therefore, that the invention be limited only by the scope of the claims which follow and that such claims be interpreted as broadly as is reasonable.

Claims (17)

1. A compound of the formula z-Yl ul UI UXW- N >-C02 R or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein U and V each independently represent N or CR 6 provided that no more than one U represents N and no more than one V represents N;1 W Is C=O; S02; or CR IR 2 X is 0; S(0)0- 2 NR 4 or CRlR 2 Y is selected from the group consisting of -(CH2)O.4-0-C2l-- -(CH2)04-NR 4 -(CH 2 1 4 -(CH2)0-4-S-(CH) 1-4- -(CH?2)0-4-S02-(CH) 1-4-, -(CH2)0.4-SO-(CH) 0-

25-(CH2)o-4-0-(CH2)14NR(CH) 4 -(CH2)0-4-NR 4 I 4-NR 4 0 4 -(CH?2)0-4-O-(CH 2 )I -4-S -(CH2)0A4-, I 4 -(CH)o04-NR 4 -(CHV 1 -4-S-(CH2)O- 4 WO 00/48603 PCT/USOO/03796 -(CH2)0-4-NR 4 -(CH2) I-4-O-(CH2) 0 4 -(CH2)0-4-S-(CH2) 1-4-O-(CH2)0- 4 and -(CH2)0-4-S-(CH2) 1-4-NR4-(CH2)0-4- wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R 4 can be substituted by one or two R 3 substituents; Z is selected from the group consisting of a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S wherein the non-aromatic ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one R 7 substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two R 6 substituents, and a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system has 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S, and wherein the non-aromatic ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one R 7 substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two R 6 substituents; R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl CI-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl C1-6 alkyl, aryl, aryl CI-6 alkyl, WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCTUSOO/03796 amino C1-6 alkyl, Cj-4 acylamino CI-6 alkyl, (C.1-6 alkyl)1-2 amino C.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy C.6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy C 1-6 alkyl, CI-6 alkylthio C1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl CI-6 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxycarbonyl C 1-6 alkyl, and trifluoromethyl; each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, aryl, C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl Cp-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, oxo, trifluoromethyl, C1-6 alkoxy, aryl CI-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkylthio, aryl C.1- alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, (C 1-6 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, aryl CI-6 alkylaminocarbonyl, aryloxycarbonylamino, Ci 1-6 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl CI-6 alkoxycarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/USOO/03796 C1-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl C1-6 alkylcar-bonylamino, (C 1-6 alkyl) 1-2 aminocarbonyloxy, C 1-6 alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino, aryl CI-6 alkylsulfonylamino, C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl C1-6 alkylsulfonyl, C 1-6 alkylcarbonyl, and aryl C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, or two R 3 substituents, when on the same carbon atom are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group or a cyclopropyl group, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R 3 are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three RI substituents, and provided that each R 3 is selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom or atoms to which R 3 is attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom; each R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C?-8 alkynyl, aryl C1.6 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy CI-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, arylC 1 alkylsulfonyl, C 1 -6 alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbony], aryl C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl. C 1 6 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT[USOO/03796 aryl C 1-6 al kylcarbon yl, hydroxycarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, CJ-4 alkoxycarbonyl C 1-6 alkyl, (aryl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, (aryl C1-6 alkyl)1j2 aminocarbony], and (C 1-6 alkyl)1j2 aminocarbonyl;, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R 4 are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three R I substi tuents; R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cj-8 alkyl, aryl, aryl C-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkylcarbonyloxy CI-4 alkyl, aryl C1-6 alkylcarbonyloxy C 1-4 alkyl, C1 -6 alkylaminocarbonylmethylene, and C1-6 dial kylaminocarbonyl methylene; each R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1 8 alkyl, 0C2 8 alkenyl, C2- 8 alkynyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl Cp.6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl C1-6 alkyl, aryl, aryl C1-6 alkyl, amino, amino C1-6 alkyl, -67- WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCTUSOO/03796 C1-4 acylamino, Cj-4 acylamino CI-6 alkyl, (C 1-6 al kyl) amino, (C 1-6 al kyl)1-2 amino C 1-6 al kyl, CI-4 alkoxy, C1-4 al kox y C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl C.16 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl, CI-4 alkoxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl-C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy C.16 alkyl, n i tro, cyano, trifluorometh yl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, tri fiuoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, C 1 6 alkyl-S(O) 1-2, (C 1-6 alkyl) 1-2 aminocarbonyl, C.1-6 alkyloxycarbonylamino, (C 1-6 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyloxy, (aryl C1-6 alkyl) 1-2 amino, (aryl)1-2 amino, aryl C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl amino, and C.16 alkylsulfonylamino; or two R 6 substituents, when on the same aliphatic carbon atom, are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group; and R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, WO 00/48603 PCT/USOO/03796 C2-8 alkenyl, C2?8 alkynyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl C 1-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl C1-6 alkyl, arylCl16 alkyl, arylcarbonyl, C 1-6 alkylcarbonyl, arylCl-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl. C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, and arylI-l6 alkoxycarbonyl. 2. The compound of Claim I of the formula W-N R6> V200 2 R R1R wherein W, X, Y, Z, R 1, R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 R 6 and R 7 are as defined in Claim I. 3. The compound of Claim 2 wherein X is 0or S, WIs C=O or CH2; and W, X, Y, Z, R1, R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 R 6 and R 7 are as defined in Claim 1. 4. The compound of Claim 3 wherein X is 0. -69- WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/USOO/03796 The compound of Claim 4 wherein Y is selected from the gr~ioup consisting of 1 -(CH)0-4NR4(CH? 1 4-, -(CH2)0-4-S-(CH 2 )1 4-, -(CH2)0-4-S02-(CH 2 )1 4-, -(CH2)0-4-O-(CH2)1 .4-NR 4 0 4 -(CH?9)0-4-NR 4 -(CH2)1 A-NR 4 -(CH9) 0 and -(CH?)0-4-NR 4 I -4-O-(CH2)O.4-. wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R 4 can be substituted by one or two R 3 substituents; Z is selected from the group consisting of N N N NN C X Is NN Hr N ~N and I CNN CN wherein the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two R substituents; WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCTIUSOO/03796 R I and R 2 are Independently selected from the group, consisting" of hydrogen, C.1-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, and aryl C1-3 alkyl; each R 3 Is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, C1-8 alkyl, aryl C1-6 alkyl, fluoro, hydroxy, oxo, trifluoromethyl, aminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, aryl CI.-6 alkylaminocarbonyl, and (Cj.. 6 alkyl)1j2 aminocarbonyl; each R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, aryl C1-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C.14 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl, arylC 1 6 alkylsulfonyl, C 1 6 alkoxycarbony], aryl C 1 6 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1-6 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryl C.6 alkylcarbonyl, -71- WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT[USOO/03796 (aryl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, (aryl C 1-6 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, and (C1-6 alkyl)1-2 aminocarbonyl, each R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, halo, C1-4 al kyl, aryl, aryl C1-3 alkyl, C 1 4 acylamino, C 1-4 alkoxy, CI-4 alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, (C1-6 alkyl)1-2 amiunocarbonyl, C 1 4 alkoxycarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy; and R 7 is hydrogen, CI-3 alkyl, or aryl CI.3 alkyl. 6. The compound of Claim 5 wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of -(CH2)0-4-O-(CH 2 1-4-s -(CH2?)0-4-NR 4 1 -(CH2)0-4-S-(CH 2 )l and -(CH?)0.4-NR 4 -(CH 2 1 1 wherein any methylene carbon atom in Y, other than in R 4 can be substituted by one or two R 3 substituents, WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 Z is selected from the group consisting of R 6 R 6 R7 N and C R 7 R7 wherein the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two R6 substituents; RI and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen and C1-3 alkyl; and R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, aryl C1-4 alkyl, and C1-4 alkoxy CI-4 alkyl. 7. The compound of Claim 6 wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of -(CH2)0-4-, -(CH2)0-4-NR 4 -(CH2)1- 4 and -(CH2)0-4-NR 4 -(CH2) 1-4-O-(CH2)0- 4 wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R 4 can be substituted by one or two R 3 substituents; Zis -73- WO 00/48603 WO 0048603PCT/USOO/03796 IIor C N N R 3 is hydrogen or oxo; and R 4 is hydrogen or methyl. 8. The compound of Claim 7 wherein R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl. 9. The compound of Claim 8 wherein R 5 is hydrogen. The compound of Claim 8 selected from the group consisting of 111 -Oxo-3- 3 -(pyn*idi n-2-yl amino)- I -propox I IH-dibenzo[1I,4]oxazepi n-I O-yl I acetic acid ethyl ester; 1 Il-Oxo- 3 3 -(pyridin-2-ylamino)lpropoxy]-I 1II-dibenzoJ 1, 4 ljoxazepin-I0-yl acetic acid; f 3 -[3-(Pyndin-2-ylamino)-lI-propoxy]-1 IH-dibenzo[I 4 ]oxazepi'n- Il0-yl 1-acetic acid ethyl ester; 3 3 -(Pynidin-2-ylamino)- 1-propoxy]- 1 IH-dibenzo[1I, 4 ]oxazepin- 10-yl )-acetic acid; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 11. The compound of Claim 10 selected from the group consisting of 1 ll-Oxo- 3 3 -(pyridin-2-ylamino)-lpropoxy].j IH-dibenzo[lI,4]oxazepin-10-yl)}- acetic acid, WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 3 -[3-(Pyridin-2-ylamino)- -propoxy]- 11H-dibenzo[ 1,4]oxazepin-10-yl} -acetic acid: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 13. The composition of Claim 12 which further comprises an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, b) an estrogen receptor modulator. c) a cytotoxic/antiproliferative agent, d) a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, e) an inhibitor of epidermal-derived, fibroblast-derived, or platelet- derived growth factors, f) an inhibitor of VEGF, g) an inhibitor of Flk-1/KDR, Fit-1, Tck/Tie-2, or Tie-1, h) a cathepsin K inhibitor, and i) a prenylation inhibitor, such as a farnesyl transferase inhibitor or a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor or a dual famesyl/geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor; and mixtures thereof. 14. The composition of Claim 13 wherein said active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, b) an estrogen receptor modulator, and c) a cathepsin K inhibitor; and mixtures thereof. WO 00/48603 PCT/US00/03796 The composition of Claim 14 wherein said organic bisphosphonate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof is alendronate monosodium trihydrate. 16. A method of eliciting an av integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to Claim 1. 17. The method of Claim 16 wherein the av integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an avp3 antagonizing effect. 18. The method of Claim 17 wherein the avp3 antagonizing effect is selected from the group consisting of inhibition of bone resorption, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, tumor growth, and metastasis. 19. The method of Claim 18 wherein the oav3 antagonizing effect is the inhibition of bone resorption. 20. The method of Claim 16 wherein the av integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an avI5 antagonizing effect. 21. The method of Claim 20 wherein the avp5 antagonizing effect is selected from the group consisting of inhibition of restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, tumor growth, and metastasis. 22. The method of Claim 16 wherein the av integrin receptor antagonizing effect is a dual cvp3/avI35 antagonizing effect. 23. The method of Claim 22 wherein the dual antagonizing effect is selected from the group consisting of inhibition of bone resorption, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, tumor growth, and metastasis. -76- WO 00/48603 PCT/USOO/03796 24. A method of eliciting an av integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 12. 25. A method of treating or preventing a condition mediated by antagonism of an atv integrin receptor in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 12.

26. A method of inhibiting bone resorption in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 12.

27. A method of inhibiting bone resorption in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 14.

28. A method of inhibiting bone resorption in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim

29. A method of treating tumor growth in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 12. -77- A compound of formula as defined in claim 1 and substantially as herein described with reference to Example 1 or 2.

31. A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a condition mediated by anatagonism of an (V integrin receptor in a mammal in need thereof, comprising a compound of formula as defined in claim 1 and substantially as herein described with reference to Example 1 or 2 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

32. A process of making a compound of formula as defined in claim 1 which process is substantially as herein described with reference to Example 1 or 2.

33. A method of eliciting an cV integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a 10 mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 30 or a composition of claim 31.

34. A method of inhibiting bone resorption in a mammal in need thereof comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a S. composition of claim 31. 15

35. A method of any one of claims 16 to 29, 33 or 34 wherein the mammal is a human. S36. A compound of any one of claims 1 to 11 or a composition of any one of claims 12 to 15 when used to elicit an aV integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof.

37. A compound of claim 30 or a composition of claim 31 when used to elicit an (V integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof.

38. A compound when used according to claim 36 or 37 wherein the mammal is a human.

39. A composition of any one of claims 12 to 15 when used to inhibit bone resorption in a mammal in need thereof. A composition of claim 31 when used to inhibit bone resorption in a mammal in need thereof.

41. A compound when used according to claim 36, 37 or 38 wherein the mammal Sa human. IR.\LIBXX]O3203 docaak 79

42. A composition when used according to claim 39 or 40 wherein the mammal is a human.

43. Use of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 11 or claim 30 in the preparation of a medicament for eleciting an aV integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof or for inhibiting inhibit bone resorption in a mammal in need thereof. Dated 20 March, 2002 Merck Co., Inc. Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON FERGUSON S. S S. S.. S. 0S S S 0 Sr S S S 0 S. S *S S 0 [R:\LIBXX]03203.doc:aak