AU744768B2 - Ice thermal storage control - Google Patents
Ice thermal storage control Download PDFInfo
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- AU744768B2 AU744768B2 AU47990/01A AU4799001A AU744768B2 AU 744768 B2 AU744768 B2 AU 744768B2 AU 47990/01 A AU47990/01 A AU 47990/01A AU 4799001 A AU4799001 A AU 4799001A AU 744768 B2 AU744768 B2 AU 744768B2
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- Prior art keywords
- assembly
- ice
- coil
- freezing
- thermal storage
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/02—Detecting the presence of frost or condensate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/028—Control arrangements therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Description
S&F Ref: 553777
AUSTRALIA
PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT
ORIGINAL
Name and Address of Applicant Actual Inventor(s): Address for Service: Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc.
7595 Montevideo Road Jessup Maryland 20794 United States of America William T. Osborne, Gary D. Smith Spruson Ferguson St Martins Tower,Level 31 Market Street Sydney NSW 2000 Ice Thermal Storage Control Invention Title: The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us:- 5845c l ~i ~~;cri..li ~-i BAC-148-CIP Osborne et al.
ICE THERMAL STORAGE CONTROL Background of the Invention The present invention relates to ice thermal storage systems and more particularly teaches an improved method and apparatus for measuring the amount of ice present on an ice thermal storage heat exchanger, such as a tubular coil assembly.
Ice thermal storage equipment of the type which forms ice during off peak energy periods and then makes the ice available as a supply of cold or low temperature fluid for space conditioning, and the like, is known in the art. The ice thermal storage equipment :may be broadly classified as internal melt systems and external melt systems. One form of thermal storage equipment and external melt system transfers a coolant liquid, such as I0o brine or ethylene glycol solution, through a coil assembly immersed in a tank of storage liquid to be frozen, which liquid may for example be water. The coil assembly is usually a serpentine configuration of bent tubing with multiple tube runs nested in the tank and storage liquid. Multiple coil assemblies are usually packed in parallel within the tank.
S. The coil assemblies are connected between inlet and outlet headers for receipt and I r discharge of the coolant liquid from and to one or more heat exchangers or chillers, which cool the coolant fluid during the ice production cycle. Although the use of the coolant liquid has been noted as a brine solution, it is noted that the coolant liquid could be a refrigerant, such as R-22 or ammonia.
During the ice-production cycle, coolant liquid, such as brine, at a temperature below the solidification point of the storage liquid within the pool is continuously produced by mechanical refrigeration or other means in a heat exchanger, sometimes referred to as a chiller. The low-temperature coolant is transferred to an inlet header, through the coil assemblies and discharged from the outlet header for return to the chiller.
The storage liquid in the tank is frozen on the tube outer walls in the form of surrounding envelopes and gradually develops as a substantial thickness of frozen liquid, usually ice.
There is a volume of the storage liquid in the tank, which remains as a liquid. During recovery of the stored thermal energy, the chilled storage liquid is withdrawn from the tank and communicated to a downstream cooling coil or heat exchanger for use in cooling operations, such as air conditioning or food processing. Thereafter, the spent or warmed storage liquid is returned to the tank to be cooled and further used for cooling operations.
Efforts have been made to measure or quantify the degree of freezing of the liquid in the tank. The underlying reasons for the desire to quantify the frozen liquid is to know the amount of stored cooling capacity that exists in the tank. One method of ice build up measurement positions a coil on springs and employs load cells to sense the uplifting S. 20 force of the coils, which are restrained from vertical movement. The intent of this apparatus is to relate the uplifting force to the quantity of ice on the coil. The precise structure and schematic drawings are not available in a published format for this load cell system.
t ;1 ;1141 l r Current means used to measure or monitor the ice build up on the coil assemblies in the tank liquid pool have included visual inspection of the ice at the surface, which is not considered to be efficient or measurable. Another ice-measurement method uses a fluid level monitor, which operates on the principle that a pound of ice occupies more volume than a pound of water. These devices are not relied upon in cases where the hydraulic system is not a closed loop. In addition, ice thickness measurements are provided in an external-melt system by utilization of electronic probes noting the change in conductivity on the tubes as the ice develops. However, the probes used in this method have proven to be fragile.
Object of the Invention It is the object of the present invention to substantially overcome or at least ameliorate one or more of the prior art disadvantages.
Summary of the Invention In one aspect the present invention provides an assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus, said apparatus having means for holding a storage liquid, a freezable storage liquid in said holding means, means for freezing said storage liquid in said holding means and on said freezing means, said freezing means vertically movable, said measurement assembly comprising: means for providing an uplifting force to said means for freezing, 20 said means for freezing having a top and a bottom, said uplifting force means positioned at said freezing-means bottom to provide said uplifting force tending to :vertically move said freezing means; said frozen storage liquid on said freezing means providing a buoyant force to said freezing means; means for measuring vertical displacement of said freezing means in said holding means; and means for noting the amount of ice in said holding means relative to said displacement of said freezing means, and noting the amount of said ice in said holding means as one of a percentage of a design capacity and a quantity of said frozen storage liquid.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for measuring the ice build up in an ice thermal storage unit having a holding tank, a storage fluid in said holding tank, a coil assembly with a top and a bottom in said storage fluid for freezing said storage fluid, a cooling fluid, a system for chilling said cooling fluid, conduit coupling said chilling system to said coil assembly for communicationof said cooling [R:ALIBW]40101 .doc:tyb i\ ~ii r fluid to said coil assembly and said tank for freezing the storage fluid in said tank, said method comprising: providing said coil assembly to be vertically movable; providing means for providing an uplifting force, positioning said uplifting force means at said coil-assembly bottom tending to vertically move said coil assembly; providing means for sensing displacement, said displacement sensing means measuring said vertical displacement of said coil assembly; providing means for relating coil assembly vertical displacement to ice build up lo in said tank; and correlating said measured coil-assembly displacement to ice build up in said tank to indicate the amount of ice build up in said tank.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a spring assembly for providing an uplifting force tending to vertically move coil assemblies in an ice thermal storage 15 system, said system having a storage tank, storage fluid in said tank and a coil assembly in said tank and fluid, said spring assembly comprising: S"a housing with an upper section and a lower section, said lower section having a lower segment and an upper segment, each said upper and lower segment having a cavity and an outer wall, an upper insulating core and a lower insulating core; a separating collar with an outer perimeter, said collar positioned between said upper insulating core and said lower insulating core and having said perimeter extending beyond said lower-segment outer walls, said upper insulating core nested in said upper segment cavity and said lower insulating core nested in said lower segment cavity, and said collar perimeter extending beyond said outer wall, a third housing segment with a third cavity, a divider with an aperture alignable with said upper insulating-core through-bore, a rod with an upper end and a lower end, a spring with a central passage, said spring positioned on said rod, said rod and spring positioned in said third cavity, which rod lower end extends through said divider aperture; said upper housing section having a second upper segment and a second lower segment, each said second upper and lower segment having a cavity and an outer wall, Sp 5 3a R:\LIBW40101.doc:tyb l i nv~~ a second upper insulating core and a second lower insulating core, each said insulating core having a through-bore, a second separating collar with a second outer perimeter, said second collar positioned between said second upper-insulating core and said second lower-insulating core and having said second outer perimeter extending beyond said upper-segment outer walls, said upper insulating core nested in said upper segment cavity and said lower insulating core nested in said lower segment cavity, and said collar perimeter extending beyond said outer wall, a second divider with an aperture alignable with said upper-segment lowerinsulating-core through-bore, said rod upper and extending through said second divider aperture and into said upper-segment lower-insulating-core, said spring providing a force tending to vertically move said upper segment from said lower housing segment and said dividers maintaining said upper and lower segments in alignment.
•The present invention provides a method for identifying the amount of ice build S-up in a storage tank and thus, the available cooling capacity, and apparatus for measuring the ice build up in a pool of liquid by means providing an uplifting force and a °displacement sensing arrangement. More specifically, it is desired to measure the mass of ice formed in a liquid pool of an ice-thermal storage system. The mass of ice is measured as a function of the vertical movement of the surface of the coil assembly. The vertical movement may be measured electronically or manually.
The ice mass measurement allows the ice-forming or chilling cycle to be stopped at the one hundred percent of the design or any desired ice mass in the tank, which enhances the cooling operation of the thermal storage system.
R:\LIBW40101 .doc:tyb BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING In the several figures of the drawing, like reference numerals Identify like components, and in those drawings: Figure 1 is an oblique view in partial section illustrating an exemplary prior art coil assembly in a thermal storage tank; Figure 2 is an end view of stacked coil assemblies and their headers with the spring assembly interposed between the top two coil assemblies; Figure 3 is an exemplary schematic of a control circuit for the ice thermal storage system; Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the placement of the spring assemblies on a support channel for the ice coils in the storage tank; Figure 5, illustrates a partially exploded elevational view of the housing for a coil spring assembly; Figure 6 is a phantom outline illustration of the elevational view in Figure Figure 7 is an exploded view of the coil spring assembly in Figure Figure 8 is a partially exploded view of the spring assembly of Figure 5 with Belleville washers; Figure 9 is a phantom outline illustration of the elevational view in Figure 8; Figure 10 is a schematic outline of an exemplary ice thermal storage unit; S• 20 Figure 11 graphically illustrates the percentage of ice in the storage tank as a function of the vertical coil movement in inches; and, Figure 12 is an enlarged view of the placement of the spring assemblies between brackets at the comers between individual coil assemblies.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A basic or exemplary thermal storage unit 10 is shown in Figure 10 with chamber 14 of storage tank 12 filled with a storage fluid, such as water. A coil arrangement 16 is nested in chamber 14 and is coupled to a glycol chiller or direct refrigerant system 18. In an external melt system a chilled coolant fluid, such as ethylene glycol, is communicated through coils 16 for chilling and freezing the storage fluid in chamber 14. Ice water pump 26 is connected to pool 14 by conduit 28 for communication of the chilled storage fluid in chamber 14 to a cooling coil 30 through conduit 22 for utilization of the stored cooling capacity for a low temperature air mixing terminal unit 20. The spent cooling fluid from cooling coil 30 is recirculated to chamber 14 through return conduit 24.
Cooling coil 30 may be a heat exchange unit for an air conditioning unit, as an example.
System 10 in Figure 10 Ois merely an exemplary illustration of the use and operation of a to.
thermal storage unit.
Coil arrangement 16 in Figure 10 is noted as a single serpentine coil or flow path in chamber 14 with wide vertical gaps between the adjacent horizontal runs of the coil.
However, exemplary tubes 32 of a typical coil arrangement 16, asshown in Figures 1 and 2, have a more usual arrangement of a tight array of tubes 32 extending between headers 46 and 48. Coil arrangements 16 are generally designed with an ice mass or volume that t. 20 is considered to be a design or desired ice buildup.
In Figure 1, each vertical coil arrangement 16 has lower tube bundle 40 and upper tube bundle 42, although it is known that the number of vertical tube bundles may be greater than two. Tube bundles 40 and 42 in Figure 1 are each nested in coil frame arrangement 44 with upper coil header 46, lower coil header 48, and, vertical framing members 50 and 52 as noted. The noted framing with headers 46 and 48, and vertical framing members 50 and 52 provides structure to the ordered array of tube bundles within chamber 14 of tank 12. Tube spacers, not shown but known in the art, are positioned between the adjacent tubes 32 within each bundle to maintain the horizontal and vertical location of tubes 32 within tube bundles 40 and 42.
Coil stacks 51 and 53 in Figure 2 each have three tube bundles 40, 42 and 43 vertically stacked. More specifically, each pair of tube bundles 40, 42 and 43 of coil stacks 51 and 53 is coupled by splice plates 55 and 57. Each tube bundle 40, 42 or 43 has first vertical support 50 and second vertical support 52 as well as upper coil header 46 and lower coil header 48 horizontally extending between first and second vertical supports 50 and 52. In this illustration, spring assembly 70 is shown at an outer comner of :*:tube bundle 43 of first coil stack 51 and second spring assembly 72 is noted at the outer corner of tube bundle 43 of second coil stack 53, which spring assemblies 70 and 72 are nested on comners or corner brackets of respective vertical supports 50 and 52. Spring assemblies 70 and 72 provide a force directing tube bundles 43* vertically upward, which tube bundles are free to move vertically at least at one end of tube bundle 43.
The arrangement of spring assemblies 70 and 72 are more clearly illustrated in Figure 4 with spring and channel arrangement 60. In this figure, channel or I-beam 62 20 may be provided as a support for spring assemblies 70 and 72, which channel 62 has upper surface 64, a first end 66 and a second end 68. A first spring assembly 70 is positioned on upper surface 64 at first end 66 and a second spring assembly 72 is positioned on upper surface 64 at second end 68. The corner bracket or lower edge of 6 vertical frame member 50 or 52 of tube bundle 43 is positioned on the respective upper ends 74 and 76 of spring assemblies 70 and 72. Channel 62 is provided in this figure as support for springs 70 and 72. Within the context of Figure 2, this arrangement could be provided for support at the base of coil stacks 51 and 53, which might be the bottom of tank chamber 14 in an alternative arrangement. It is thus apparent that the location of springs 70 and 72 may be located to support any number of the tube bundles in a coil stack arrangement having vertical freedom above such springs.
The specific structture of spring assemblies 70 and 72 is illustrated in Figures 5, 6 and 7, which shows spring assembly 70 in exploded views. As spring assemblies 70 and 72 are similar only spring assembly 70 will be described but the description will be applicable to spring assembly 72. Spring assembly 70 is a stacked arrangement of components. Lower housing 78 has first metal pipe segment 84 with passage 8 1, and second metal pipe segment 82 with passage 89, and an insulator collar 80 between insulator cores 83 and 85. Insulator core 83 mates with passage 81 and second insulator core 85 mates with passage 89 to capture collar 80 between upper housing segment 82 and lower housing segment 84. Annular disc 87 with aperture 91 is positioned between third housing segment 93 with passage 95 and second housing segment 82. Second insulator core 85 has aperture 79 alignable with disc aperture 91. Coil spring 88 is positioned about rod 86 and extends to passage 95 in lower housing 78. Upper housing 20 90 has upper pipe segment 92 with passage 94 and lower pipe segment 10 1 with passage 103. Insulator core 105 has passage 107, second upper insulator core 109 has passage 1 11, and second insulator collar 113 is positioned between insulator cores 105 and 109.
Insulator core 105 is mated into passage 94 of pipe segment 92 and lower insulator core 7 109 is mated with passage 103 of lower pipe segment 10 1 with collar 113 secured between segments 92 and 10 1. Second annular disc 115 has aperture 117 alignable with insulator core aperture I111 and mates with rod 8 6. Annular disc 115 is secured to the bottom of housing segment 10 1 for bearing against spring 8 8 with rod 8 6 movable in the aligned apertures I111, 117 and 107. In this illustrated arrangement of spring 70, lower housing 78 and upper housing 90 are shown as generally cylindrical with round crosssections, but housing shape is not a limitation.
An alternative spring arrangement 100 i's illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 within upper housing 90 and lower housing 78 of spring assembly 70. In this arrangement, a plurality of Belleville washers are stacked on rod 86 in passage 95 to provide the uplifting force against disc 115 and upper housing segment 90 similar to the uplifting force of coil spring 88. Other uplifting means may provide the uplifting force to be applied to the tube bundles of coil assembly 16, such as pneumatic, hydraulic or elastomeric apparatus.
Figure 12 illustrates an alternative arrangement of spring assembly 70 where upper corner bracket 162 and lower corner bracket 164 are utilized to constrain and support spring assembly 70. Framing members 50 in this figure have front face 166 and side face 168. Angle bracket 170 is formed around lower header 48 at lower end 172 of the upper framing member 50 and angle bracket 174 is formed around upper header 46 at upper end 176 of the lower framing member 50. Upper corner bracket 162 has vertical 20 wall 178 and horizontal wall 180, which are joined at junction 182. Vertical wall 178 is secured to front face 166 of 'upper framing member 50 and angle bracket 170 by means known in the art such as brazing, welding or riveting. Similarly, lower corner bracket 164 has vertical wall 184 and horizontal wall 186, which are joined at junction 188.
Vertical wall 184 is secured to front face 166 of lower member 50 in proximity to angle bracket 174.
In this figure, spring-assembly lower segment 84, insulator 80, second segment 82, upper segment 92, second insulator 113 and lower segment 10 1 are all noted with a rectangular shape in contrast to the circular shape of the elements in Figures 5 and 6.
However, shape is not a limitation to the function and operation of the various segments of spring assembly In this alternative arrangement, coil spring assembly 70 is positioned and operable between upper-bracket horizontal wall 180 and lower-bracket horizontal wall 186. A similar upper and lower bracket arrangement would be provided at the opposite ends of headers 46 and 48 for coil assembly 72, which is similar to coil assembly 70, and thus has not been specifically described. The assembly in Figure 12 is similar to the assembly in Figure 4, but is horizontally displaced to reduce the vertical height of a coil assembly such as the assembly shown in Figure 2. Further, it is recognized that lower bracket 164 could be mounted in chamber 14 on the floor or base of storage tank 12 in the case where there is a single coil assembly in tank 12.
In Figure 1, sensor 130 is noted as mounted at upper edge 132 of tank 12. Sensor 130 is utilized to note the upward movement of coil assembly 42 as ice is developed on tube 32. The upward movement is the result of a balance of forces from at least the 20 following force components: the weight of coil assembly 16 above spring assemblies and 72, whether such coil assembly is one or more tube bundles; the weight of the cooling fluid in tubes 32 of the coil assembly above spring assemblies 70 and 72; the upwardly directed force from spring assemblies 70 and 72; the weight of the ice 9 formed on tubes 32 of the coil assembly 16 above spring assemblies 70 and 72; and, the buoyant force from the ice formed on tubes 32 of coil assembly 16. It is recognized that these forces will be dependent upon the storage fluid in chamber 14 continuously covering coil assembly 16, and that these resultant forces will vary with the mass of fluid in the tubes 32 and the amount of ice formed on tubes 32. The tube bundle, or bundles, 40, 42 and 43 above spring assemblies 70 and 72 must be free to move vertically. Typically this may be accommodated by various means including flexible connections at headers 46* and 48, or by measurement at a single end of the tube bundle under consideration.
Sensor 130 is not an active element in thermal storage unit 10, but merely monitors the upward shift or displacement of coil assembly 16, which is translated into a too* percentage of ice growth in tank 12. The specific type of sensor 130 is a design choice, :but an example of such a sensor is a displacement transducer Series 240 from Trans-Tek Incorporated. Further, the upward displacement may be measured manually for conversion to a percentage of ice buildup in chamber 14 by such means as a nomograph, a chart, or a graphical illustration.
An example of such -graphical con version chart is noted in Figure 11I where the percentage of ice growth, as compared to the full design capacity, is noted as a function of the displacement of coil assembly 16. The correlative nature between vertical 15: 20 movement of coil assembly 16 and the growth of ice as a percentage of theoretical or design ice capacity is noted in Figure 11. In this graphical display, movement of coil assembly 16 up to 0.35 inch from a zero or reference position is correlated to the expected rate of growth of ice per inch of coil assembly rise. In this case, the change in position of the free-floating coil assembly 16 from its reference or as-assembled position is being monitored by sensor 130. The specific amount of change in coil position for each coil design and tank structure may vary but can be calibrated. The change in vertical position of coil assembly is a reflection of the buoyancy associated with the quantity of the ice growth from the storage liquid in chamber 14.
In the operation of the exemplary external melt system of Figure 10, thermal storage system 10 has an ice buildup cycle and an ice melt cycle for recovery of the stored thermal energy. As noted above, an external melt cycle chilled fluid from chamber 14 would be transferred by pump 26 to a downstream cooling coil 30 and thereafter returned to chamber 14 for reuse. During the ice buildup cycle there is a buoy ancy effect upon coil assembly 16 as the density of the ice is less than the density of the water. This buoyancy effect acts in combination with the springs to produce vertical movement of the coil assembly 16.
In the present case, a single coil assembly 16, and more specifically tube bundle 15 or bundles 40, 42 and 43, is constrained against horizontal movement, but rests on calibrated spring assemblies 70, 72 allowing it to move vertically. In Figure 1, the *~.vertical movement is monitored by a calibrated transducer 130, which communicates an output signal over a line 140 to a signal receiver, such as central processing unit, CPU, 142 in Figure 3. CPU 142 is operable to receive the signal from transducer 130 and compare it to empirical data indicative of the percentage of ice buildup in tank 12.
Further, CPU 142 may provide an output signal to a controller 144 over line 146, which may provide direct control to refrigeration system 18 over line 150 to initiate ice buildup or shut down refrigeration system 18 after the desired ice buildup in tank 12. In this I1I exemplary control arrangement, it is considered that the empirical data for the control cycle is available and provided to control device 142, which data may be calculated or experimental.
The style of spring assembly 70 and 72 may utilize coil springs as shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7, or Belleville washers as shown in Figures 8 and 9, but the output signals for CPU 142 will require calibration for the style of spring assembly, the specific transducer assembly 130 and the amount of expected displacement of coil assembly 16.
The specific signal receiver and control circuit can be varied to accommodate available equipment, and the circuit of Figure 3 is merely exemplary and not a limitation.
S. 10 Alternatively, the amount of vertical displacement may be measured manually and the relationship to the amount of ice buildup in chamber 14 may be directly compared to olo• •empirical data and read from a nomogram, chart or graph.
While only specific embodiments of the invention have been described and *"shown, it is apparent that various alterations and modifications can be made therein. It is, S 15 therefore, the intention in the appended claims to cover all such modifications and alterations as may fall with the scope and spirit of the invention.
12.
12 A
Claims (16)
1. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus, said apparatus having means for holding a storage liquid, a freezable storage liquid in said holding means, means for freezing said storage liquid in said holding means and on said freezing means, said freezing means vertically movable, said measurement assembly comprising: ee: 10 means for providing an uplifting force to said means for freezing, said means for freezing having a top and a bottom, said uplifting force means positioned at said freezing-means bottom to provide said uplifting force tending to vertically move said freezing means; said frozen storage liquid on said freezing means providing a buoyant force to 15 said freezing means; means for measuring vertical displacement of said freezing means in said ""holding means; and, S"means for noting the amount of ice in said holding means relative to said displacement of said freezing means, and noting the amount of said ice in said holding means as one of a percentage of a design capacity and a quantity of said frozen storage liquid.
2. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus as claimed in Claim I wherein said freezing means is a coil assembly having a top and a bottom, said uplifting force means positioned at said coil assembly bottom to provide said uplifting force to vertically move said freezing means.
3. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said uplifting force means is at least one spring assembly to provide said uplifting force.
4. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal oeoo i storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 3 wherein said spring assembly has at least one coil spring to provide said uplifting force.
5. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 3 wherein said spring assembly has at least one Belleville washer to provide said uplifting force. oe
6. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus as claimed in Claim I wherein said means for measuring vertical displacement of said freezing means is a transducer assembly. 14
7. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 6 wherein said transducer assembly provides a signal, said means for measuring further comprising means for receiving a signal and, means for communication, said communication means coupling said transducer assembly and said signal receiving means, means for illustrating an output signal, said communication means coupling said signal receiving means to said signal receiving means, said signal receiving means operable to provide an output signal to said means 10 for illustrating said amount of ice buildup in said holding means as a function of said transducer signal and freezing means vertical displacement.
8. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said means for measuring 15 vertical displacement of said freezing means is a manual device to measure the vertical displacement of said means for freezing.
9. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 further comprising means for chilling, a chilling fluid and means for conducting, said chilling means operable to reduce the temperature of said cooling fluid to a desired temperature, said means for freezing is a coil assembly, said coil assembly coupled to said means for chilling by said conducting means for communication of said chilling fluid to said coil assembly, said coil assembly having at least one tube bundle having a plurality of circuits for the communication of said cooling fluid, said cooling fluid transferred to said tube bundle to freeze said storage fluid in said holding means. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a 10 thermal storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 9 wherein said coil assembly has a plurality of tubular bundles, each said bundle having a top and a bottom, said tube bundles of said coil assembly vertically arranged, said uplifting force means provided at the bottom of one of said tube bundles, said tube bundles above said uplifting force means vertically movable for displacement during 15 ice buildup in said holding means. S11. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a S"thermal storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 10 wherein said means for holding has a base, said uplifting force means positioned at said holding means base, and said coil assembly above said uplifting force means being vertically movable during ice buildup in said holding means and on said coil assembly. 16 r;a r 1.;I ,l i- i
12. A method for measuring the ice build up in an ice thermal storage unit having a holding tank, a storage fluid in said holding tank, a coil assembly with a top and a bottom in said storage fluid for freezing said storage fluid, a cooling fluid, a system for chilling said cooling fluid, conduit coupling said chilling system to said coil assembly for communication of said cooling fluid to said coil assembly and said tank for freezing the storage fluid in said tank, said method comprising: providing said Coil assembly to be vertically movable; providing means for providing an uplifting force, 10 positioning said uplifting force means at said coil-assembly bottom tending to vertically move said coil assembly; providing means for sensing displacement, said displacement sensing means measuring said vertical displacement of said coil assembly; providing means for relating coil assembly vertical displacement to ice 15 buildup in said tank; and, correlating said measured coil-assembly displacement to ice buildup in said tank to indicate the amount of ice buildup in said tank.
13. A spring assembly for providing an uplifting force tending to vertically move coil assemblies in an ice thermal storage system, said system having a storage tank, storage fluid in said tank and a coil assembly in said tank and fluid, said spring assembly comprising: a housing with an upper section and a lower section, 17 said lower section having a lower segment and an upper segment, each said upper and lower segment having a cavity and an outer wall, an upper insulating core and a lower insulating core; a separating collar with an outer perimeter, said collar positioned between said upper insulating core and said lower insulating core and having said perimeter extending beyond said lower-segment outer walls, said upper insulating core nested in said upper segment cavity and said lower insulating core nested in said lower segment cavity, and said collar perimeter extending beyond said outer wall, 10 a third housing segment with a third cavity, a divider with an aperture alignable with said upper insulating-core through-bore, a rod with an upper end and a lower end, a spring with a central passage, said spring positioned on said rod, 15 said rod and spring positioned in said third cavity, which rod lower end extends through said divider aperture; said upper housing section having a second upper segment and a second lower segment, each said second upper and lower segment having a cavity and an outer wall, a second upper insulating core and a second lower insulating core, each said insulating core having a through-bore, a second separating collar with a second outer perimeter, said second collar positioned between said second upper-insulating core and said second 18 -t lower-insulating core and having said second outer perimeter extending beyond said upper-segment outer walls, said upper insulating core nested in said upper segment cavity and said lower insulating core nested in said lower segment cavity, and said collar perimeter extending beyond said outer wall, a second divider with an aperture alignable with said upper-segment lower-insulating-core through-bore, said rod upper end extending through said second divider aperture and into said upper-segment lower-insulating-core, said spring providing a force tending to vertically move said upper 10 segment from said lower housing segment and said dividers maintaining said upper and lower segments in alignment.
14. A spring assembly for providing an uplifting force tending to vertically move coil assemblies in an ice thermal storage system as claimed in 15 Claim 13, wherein said spring is a coil spring to provide said uplifting force. e A spring assembly for providing an uplifting force tending to vertically move coil assemblies in an ice thermal storage system as claimed in Claim 13, wherein said spring is at least one Belleville washer to provide said uplifting force.
16. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 9 wherein said means for freezing has at least one coil assembly, each said coil assembly having a plurality of tubular bundles, each said bundle having at leasta top, a bottom, a first side and a second side, said means for holding having a base, a frame for each said coil assembly, each said frame having a plurality of vertical support members and horizontal support members, said tube bundles of said coil assembly vertically arranged in said respective frame and support 10 members, means for retaining said uplifting force means, :°ooe o 0 a plurality of said retaining means, each said retaining means having a first component and a second component, one of said first and second components mounted on a frame support S. 15 (vertical or horizontal) member in proximity to one of said coil assembly bottoms and horizontally displaced from said coil-assembly tube-bundle, the other of said retaining-means first and second components mounted on S"one of said holding means base and a second coil-assembly frame support member in proximity to said second coil assembly top, said other component horizontally displaced from said second coil-assembly tube- bundle, ."iiy i--.ni. 'l I-_l L i I I-.-FYil-II~~ CII iYli3iYu.:r--- I-Y~-~=Il.i:ll:li~_lii~~ii; said uplifting-force means provided between said retaining means first and second components, said tube bundles above said uplifting force means veitically movable for displacement during ice buildup in said holding means.
17. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 16 wherein said retaining- means first and second components are each mounted on said vertical support members and horizontal support members of vertically adjacent coil assemblies. 9 *9
18. An assembly for the measurement of the amount of formed ice in a thermal storage apparatus, the assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the embodiments of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings.
19. A method for measuring the ice build up in an ice thermal storage unit having a holding tank, the method substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the embodiments of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings. A spring assembly for providing an uplifting force tending to vertically move coil assemblies in an ice thermal storage system, said system having a storage tank, storage fluid in said tank and a coil assembly in said tank and fluid, the spring assembly I0 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the embodiments of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings. *Dated 2 May, 2001 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. 04 Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person *s 15 SPRUSON FERGUSON *O *i *ft (R:\LIBLLJ 11024.doc:vjp
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/603400 | 2000-06-26 | ||
US09/603,400 US6298676B1 (en) | 2000-06-26 | 2000-06-26 | Ice thermal storage control |
US09/706,927 US6415615B1 (en) | 2000-06-26 | 2000-11-06 | Ice thermal storage control |
US09/706927 | 2000-11-06 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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AU4799001A AU4799001A (en) | 2002-01-03 |
AU744768B2 true AU744768B2 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU47990/01A Ceased AU744768B2 (en) | 2000-06-26 | 2001-05-23 | Ice thermal storage control |
Country Status (7)
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CN (1) | CN1140753C (en) |
AU (1) | AU744768B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0102586B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2346351C (en) |
HK (1) | HK1041513B (en) |
ID (1) | ID30565A (en) |
SG (1) | SG88826A1 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR20070019272A (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-15 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Thermal storage airconditioner |
US20110079025A1 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2011-04-07 | Thermo King Corporation | Thermal storage device with ice thickness detection and control methods |
CN103982970A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-13 | 江门市艾泊瑞科技有限公司 | Efficient energy-saving cold air box |
CN105135565A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-09 | 苏州高野能源科技有限公司 | Dynamic ice storage system |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5649431A (en) * | 1994-11-15 | 1997-07-22 | Tdindustries, Inc. | Thermal storage cooling system |
US6216486B1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-04-17 | Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. | Ice storage coil arrangement |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5829465A (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-11-03 | Garretson; Owen L. | Container having fluid-weight control device |
AU4092899A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 1999-12-13 | Robert E. Cates | Ice thermal storage coil systems and methods |
-
2001
- 2001-05-03 ID IDP00200100359D patent/ID30565A/en unknown
- 2001-05-04 CA CA002346351A patent/CA2346351C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-23 AU AU47990/01A patent/AU744768B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-06-06 CN CNB011212241A patent/CN1140753C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-11 SG SG200103455A patent/SG88826A1/en unknown
- 2001-06-26 BR BRPI0102586-4A patent/BR0102586B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-04-30 HK HK02103197.3A patent/HK1041513B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5649431A (en) * | 1994-11-15 | 1997-07-22 | Tdindustries, Inc. | Thermal storage cooling system |
US6216486B1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-04-17 | Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. | Ice storage coil arrangement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR0102586A (en) | 2002-02-05 |
CA2346351A1 (en) | 2001-12-26 |
BR0102586B1 (en) | 2009-05-05 |
CN1140753C (en) | 2004-03-03 |
CA2346351C (en) | 2004-08-03 |
AU4799001A (en) | 2002-01-03 |
CN1332349A (en) | 2002-01-23 |
HK1041513B (en) | 2004-12-24 |
HK1041513A1 (en) | 2002-07-12 |
ID30565A (en) | 2001-12-27 |
SG88826A1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
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Name of requester: CITICORP USA, INC. |