AU741358B2 - A hierarchical relational definition system and a method of defining an object - Google Patents

Description

WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -1-

TITLE

"A Hierarchical Relational Definition System and a Method of Defining an Object" TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to a hierarchical relational definition system and a method of defining an object.

BACKGROUND ART Literally, cost estimate engineering is the preparation of a cost estimate for an engineering project. A cost estimate typically comprises two components, direct costs and indirect costs.

Indirect costs include such things as site supervision, site engineers, plant and equipment hire, insurance and so forth. Whilst indirect costs are not negligible, in most engineering projects, direct costs constitute the bulk of the costs.

Direct costs consist of the materials used in the project and labour required to install the materials. Typically, the materials are organised as a bill of materials, which is a list of every material item required for the engineering project.

To produce a direct cost estimate, the labour required to install the materials in the bill of materials is estimated. Whilst information on materials for engineering projects exists, estimating the labour required to install a material has predominantly been based on the judgement of the cost estimate engineer.

Thus, there has been a risk of inconsistencies in cost estimates, due to different judgements of cost estimate engineers in relation to the labour required for a particular material or the differing judgement of the same cost estimate engineer on a day to day basis.

WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -2- Heretofore it has been unknown to have an integrated structured system with on-line databases to assist a cost estimate engineer in preparing multidisciplined direct and indirect cost estimates at order of magnitude, budget and/or definitive level.

It is believed that such a system would have many advantages, including that it would provide a level of consistency in the labour estimates appearing in the direct cost estimates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with one aspect of this invention, there is provided a hierarchical relational definition system for defining an object, comprising: interface means that sequentially presents a plurality of menus from which selections are made, each selection forming an input parameter, said input parameters corresponding to an object; indexing means which forms an index from at least one of the input parameters; database means including fields in which data relating to said object is stored, one of the fields including control data; referencing means arranged to reference the database means using the index to obtain therefrom the data relating to the object; processing means responsive to said control data, said control data including instructions to control whether the processing means references a formula and calculates further data relating to said object; and WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -3output means for creating an output corresponding to at least one of the input parameters and/or at least some of the data and the further data, if any, said output defining the object.

Preferably, each combination of input parameters represents a different object.

Preferably, only one selection is made from each menu.

Preferably, the. index is formed from a plurality of the input parameters. In a preferred arrangement, the index is formed from the concatenated values of the plurality of input parameters.

Preferably, the hierarchical relational definition system includes a formulae database referenced by the processing means to obtain the formula.

Preferably, the hierarchical relational definition system is provided with a formulae adjustment database, in which adjustments to each formula in the formulae database are stored, said processing means also referencing said formulae adjustment database when calculating the further data.

Preferably, the hierarchical relational definition system is provided with a comparison means, responsive to the output and to actual data provided by a user corresponding to actual values of the further data, the comparison means altering the adjustment corresponding to the object in the formulae adjustment database to reduce any difference between the actual data and the further data.

In one arrangement, the processing means is also responsive to at least one of the input parameters and/or at least some of the data when calculating the further data.

In one arrangement, the database means and the formula adjustment database each comprise a table.

WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -4- Preferably, the output means comprises table generation means which produces a table comprising at least one row, each row corresponding to an object and containing the input parameters and the further data.

Preferably, the control data includes information as to whether a user is to be asked to enter data relating to the object.

Accordigg to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for defining an object, comprising the steps of: sequentially presenting a plurality of menus from which selections are made; forming an index from at least one of the selections; referencing a database using the index to obtain therefrom data relating to the object, some of said data being control data; determining from said control data whether to reference a formula to calculate further data relating to the object, and if so, referencing said formula and calculating said further data; and presenting at least one of the selections and/or at least some of the data and the further data, if any, as an output, wherein the output defines the object.

Preferably, the index is formed from a plurality of the selections.

Preferably, the method includes the step of referencing a formulae adjustment database to obtain therefrom an adjustment for said formula, which is utilised in calculating the further data.

WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 Preferably, the method includes the step of comparing the further data with an actual value provided by a user, and on the basis of the comparison altering the adjustment corresponding to the object to reduce the difference between the further data and the actual value.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS This invention will now be described with reference to one embodiment thereof and the accompanying drawings in which:- Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of a cost estimate engineering software package of the embodiment; Figure 2 is a functional block diagram of a hierarchical relational definition system incorporated in the cost estimate engineering software package of the embodiment; Figure 3 is a flowchart of the hierarchical relational definition system shown in figure 2; and Figure 4 shows the tree menu structure utilised in the hierarchical relational definition system of Figure 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Whilst the invention is applicable to other areas, the embodiment is directed toward use in cost estimate engineering and the method of providing a cost estimate using the same. The embodiment is implemented as a software package executing on a computer.

The cost estimate engineering software package of the embodiment comprises a reference database 10, a bill of materials module 12, a direct cost estimate module 14, a direct cost historical database 16, a direct cost historical WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -6adjustment database 17, an indirect cost estimate module 18, an indirect cost historical database 20, an indirect cost historical adjustment database 21, an estimate summary 22 and a project cost control module 24, and a cost comparison means The bill of materials module 12 is formed as a hierarchical relational definition system 26 comprising an interface means 28, an indexing means 30, the reference database 10, a referencing means 32, a processing means 34 and an output means 36.

The interface means 28 presents a plurality of menus from which a user can make selections according to the material the user requires.

Cost estimate engineering usually involves estimating costs for a variety of different materials from a number of engineering disciplines. To accommodate this, there is more than one plurality of menus, each plurality being for each category of materials. In addition, the number of menus in each plurality of menus varies depending upon how many selections are required to uniquely identify the material. Thus, the number of menus will vary according to whether the type of required material is a piping material, an electrical engineering material or a structural engineering material.

Each of the plurality of menus has certain characteristics in common. Each plurality of menus has one or more menus in which the user's selections are used by the indexing means 30 to form the index. The number of such menus and the information presented in those menu varies from material category to category.

In addition, each plurality of menus may have a number of menus, that are not utilised by the indexing means 30 but which are required in order to uniquely identify the material for the purposes of the bill of materials and also for ordering purposes.

WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -7- Whether or not a menu is used by the indexing means 30 depends upon whether the information provided in the menu influences the further data calculated by the processing means 34. In the embodiment, the further data is man-hours required to install the material. Consequently, menus which contain information that influence the man-hours required to install the material are used by the indexing means 30, whereas menus which contain information that does not affect the man-hours required to install the material, such as material finish, are not used by the indexing means In this regard, it should be appreciated that the information in the menus used by the indexing means 30 may or may not directly appear in the formula used to calculate the man-hours, but the information is necessary to uniquely identify the material and to form the index that is used to reference the data for that material, which data maybe utilised in the formula.

In the present embodiment, the menus are presented in a tree structure, so that the options presented to the user in the second menu depend upon the selection made in the first menu, and so forth.

Whilst it should be appreciated that menus for various categories of materials can be provided, in the present embodiment the menus presented are in respect of carbon steel piping to American standards and are shown in Figure 4. The diagram in Figure 4 is a tree diagram of the menu structure. Nine menu levels are shown, entitled Comp (component), Type (joining type), Details (450 elbow, t-piece, etc), STDS (the specific standard of manufacture), Grade, Finish, Rating, Schedule and Size. Of these menus, the selections made in the Comp, Details, Rating, Schedule and Size menus are used by the indexing means 30 to form the index.

Having selected carbon steel piping to American standards, a user is initially presented with the component menu M8 from which one of three options are selected. The numbers present in Figure 4 are for illustrative purposes only, WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -8but in the actual embodiment, a user is presented with meaningful descriptions.

A table of the descriptions presented to the user corresponding to each of the menu options for each menu in Figure 4 is presented as a table below. For the sake of brevity, menus with numerous items have only some of the items shown in the table below. Where items have been omitted, elipses are shown in the table.

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C S (CARBON STEEL TO AMERICAN STD.) A S (ALLOY STEEL TO AMERICAN STD.) S S (STAINLESS STEEL TO AMERICAN STD.) S T (STEEL PIPE TO AUSTRALIAN STD.) D I (DUCTILE IRON PIPE) C U (COPPER PIPE) V P (VICTAULIC PIPE) P V (PLASTIC PIPE) M2-1 COMPONNT 2 A PIPE CS3A1 3 M2-2 COMPONNT 2 B FITTINGS CS3B1 28 M2-3 COMPONNT 2 C FLANGES CS3C1 236 M2-4 COMPONNT 2 D VALVES CS3D1 COMPONNT 2 E BOLTS CS3E1 398 M2-6 COMPONNT 2 F GASKETS CS3F1 527 M2-7 COMPONNT 2 G SPECIALS CS3G1 M2-8 COMPONNT 2 H SUPPORTS CS3H1 CS3A1 TYPE 3 1 BEVELLED ENDS CS4A1 4 3 2 PLAIN ENDS !CS4A1 4 CS4A1 DETAILS 4 1 SEAMLESS CS5A1 4 2 ELECTRIC RESISTANT WELDED CSSA2 6 4 3 DOUBLE SUBMERGED ARC WELDED CS5A3 7 4 4 BUTT WELDED CS5A3 7 CS5A1 STD.(DIM.) 5 1 ANSI B36.10 CS6A1 8 CS5A2 STD.(DIM.) 6 1 ANSI 836.10 CS6A2 9 CS5A3 STD.(DIM.) 7 1 ANSI 836.10 CS6A3 CS6A1 STD.(MAT.) 8 1 API 5L CS7A1 11 8 2 ASTM A106 CS7A1 11 8 3 ASTM A53 CS7A2 12 8 4 ASTM A333 (LOW TEMP.) CS7A3 13 CS6A2 STD.(MAT.) 9 1 API 5L CS7A1 11 9 2 ASTM A53 CS7A2 12 9 3 ASTM A333 CS7A3 13 CS6A3 STD.(MAT.) 10 1 API 5L CS7A1 11 2 ASTM A53 CS7A2 12 CS7A1 GRADES 11 1 GRADE A CS8A1 14 11 2 GRADE B CS8A1 14 CS7A2 GRADES 12 1 GRADE A CS8A2 12 2 GRADE B CS8A2 CS7A3 GRADES 13 1 GRADE 6 CS8A1 14 CS8A1 FINISH 14 1 BLACK CS9AN1 16 CS8A2 FINISH 15 1 BLACK CS9AN1 16 2 GALVANISED CS9AN1 16 CS9AN1 16 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS10A1 17 t- 1UA1 SLnLtUULE SI TANUARD WEIGHT EXTRA STRONG DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG SCHEDULE 10 SCHEDULE 20 SCHEDULE 30 CS11A CS11A CS11B CS11C CS11D CS11E 18 18 19 21 22 WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -9- SCHEDULE 40 SCHEDULE 60 SCHEDULE 80 SCHEDULE 100 SCHEDULE 120 SCHEDULE 140 SCHEDULE 160.

CS11F CS11G CS11H CS11G CS11I CS11G r.S11 CS11A SIZES 18 1 6 18 28 18 3 18 4 18 30 900 18 31 1050 CS11J SIZES 27 1 27 220 27 3 27 432 27 19550 27 20 600 CS3B1 TYPE 28 1 BUTT WELDED CS4B1 29 28 2 HIGH PRESSURE SCREWED CS4B2 28 3 HIGH PRESSURE SOCKET WELD CS4B3 31 28 4 HIGH PRESSURE UNIONS CS4B4 32 28 5 HIGH PRESSURE REDUCER INSERTS CS4B5 33 28 6 HIGH PRESSURE TUBULARS CS4B6 34 28 7 OUTLET FITTINGS CS4B7 CS4B1 DETAILS 29 1 ELBOWS 90 DEGREE LONG RADIUS CS5B1 36 29 2 ELBOWS 45 DEGREE LONG RADIUS CS5B1 36 29 3 TEES EQUEL CSSB1 36 29 4 RETURNS 180 DEGREE LONG RADIUS CS5B1 36 29 5 CAPS CS5B2 37 29 6 TEES REDUCING CS5B3 38 29 7 REDUCERS CONCENTRIC CS5B3 38 29 8 REDUCERS ECCENTRIC CS5B3 38 29 9 ELBOWS 90 DEGREE SHORT RADIUS CS5B4 39 29 10 RETURNS 180 DEGREE SHORT RADIUS CS5B4 39 CS4B2 DETAILS 30 1 ELBOWS 90 DEGREE CS5B5 2 ELBOWS 45 DEGREE CS5B5 3 TEES EQUEL CS5B5 12 TEES REDUCING CS5B8 43 CS4B3 DETAILS 31 1 ELBOWS 90 DEGREE CS5B9 44 31 2 ELBOWS 45 DEGREE CS5B9 44 31 3 TEES EQUEL CS5B9 44 31 4 CROSSES CS5B9 44 31 5 COUPLINGS FULL CS5B9 44 31 6 COUPLINGS HALF CS5B9 44 31 7 CAPS CS5B9 44 31 8 TEES REDUCING CS5B10 CS4B4 DETAILS 32 1 UNIONS SCREWED CS5B11 46 32 2 UNIONS SOCKET WELD CS5B11 46 DETAILS 33 1 REDUCER INSERTS TYPE 1 CS5B12 47 33 2 REDUCER INSERTS TYPE 2 CS5B12 47 CS4B6 DETAILS 34 1 SWAGE NIPPLES CONCENTRIC LESC/SESC CS5B13 48 34 2 SWAGE NIPPLES CONCENTRIC LESC/SEPE CS5B13 48 34 3 SWAGE NIPPLES CONCENTRIC LESC/SEBE CS5B13 48 34 4 SWAGE NIPPLES CONCENTRIC LEPE/SESC CS5B13 48 34 23 PIPE NIPPLES PE/BE CS5B14 49 34 24 PIPE NIPPLES BE/BE CS5B14 49 CS4B7 DETAILS 35 1 WELDOLETS CS5B15 2 LATROLETS BUTT WELD CS5B16 51 3 ELBOLETS BUTT WELDS CS5B16 51 11 NIPOLETS PLAIN END CS5B20 LCS1 CS5B2 CS5B3

STD.(DIAM.)

STD.(DIAM.)

STD.(DIAM.)

ANSI 816.9 (TO 600 DIA.) MSS-SP48 (ABOVE 600 DIA.) ANSI B16.9 (TO 600 DIA.) MSS-SP48 (ABOVE 600DIA.) ANSI 816.9 (TO 600 DIA.) CS6B1 CS6B2 CS6B3 CS6B4 CS6B5 56 57 58 59 WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 CS5134 CS5B19 CS5B320

STD.(DIAM.)

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STD.(DIAM.)

2 MSS-SP48 (ABOVE 600 DIA.) 1 ANSI B16.28 1 ANSI B16.11 1 ANSI B16.11 CS6B6 CS6B7 CS6B22 61 62 77 CS6B23 7 CS6B31 STD.(MAT.) 56 1 ASTM A234 CS7B1 79 56 2 ASTM A420 (LOW TEMP.) CS7B2 CS6B2 STD.(MAT.) 57 1 ASTM A234 CS783 81 57 2 ASTM A420 (LOW TEMP.) CS7B4 82 CS6B3 STD.(MAT.) 58 1 ASTM A234 CS7B5 83 58 2 ASTM A420 (LOW TEMP.) CS7B6 84 CS6B323 STD.(MAT.) 78 1 ASTM A105 CS7BN8 120 78 2 ASTM A350 (LOW TEMP.) ICS7B335 121 CS7B1 GRADES 79 1 WPA CS8B1 122 79 2 WPB JCS8B1 122 C57B2 GRADES 80 1 WPL6 CS8B1 122 C57B35 GRADES 121 1 LF3 CSBB23 144 CSB1 FINISH 122 1 BLACK CS9BN1 145 C58B2 FINISH 123 1 BLACK CS9BN2 146 CS8B38 FINISH 129 1 BLACK CS9B1 152 129 2 GALVANISED CS9B1 152 CSBB23 IFINISH 144 1 BLACK lCS9B12 167 CS9BN1 145 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS10B31 168 CS9BN2 146 1 NOT APPLICABLE CSIOB32 169 CS9BN3 147 1 NOT APPLICABLE CSlOB3 170 CS9BN4 148 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS1OB4 171 149 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS1OB5 172 CS9BN6 150 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS1OB6 173 CS98N7 151 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS1OB7 174 CS9BI RATING 152 1 2000# CS10BNI 175 152 2 3000# CS10BNI 175 152 3 6000# CS10BNI 175 CS9B312 RATING 167 1 3000# CS10BN17 195 167 2 6000# CS10BN17 195 CS1 OB 1 SCHEDULE CS1OB32 CS1OB3 CS1OB34 CS lOB5 CS1 086 CS1 087 CS1OBNI CS1OBN2

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STANDARD WEIGHT EXTRA STRONG DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG SCHEDULE 10 SCHEDULE 160 STANDARD WEIGHT EXTRA STRONG SCHEDULE 10 SCHEDULE 20 SCHEDULE 30 SCHEDULE 40 STANDARD WEIGHT EXTRA STRONG STANDARD WEIGHT EXTRA STRONG STANDARD WEIGHT EXTRA STRONG DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG SCHEDULE 160 STANDARD WEIGHT EXTRA STRONG SCHEDULE 10 SCHEDULE 20 SCHEDULE 30 SCHEDULE 40 STANDARD WEIGHT EXTRA STRONG DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG SCHEDULE 160 NOT APPLICABLE NOT APPLICABLE CS11K CS11K CS11L CS1 1M cS11O CS11R CS11R CS11R CS11R CS11R CS11ls CS11K CS11K CS11R CS11R CS11U CS11U CS11V CS1 1Z CS1 1AA CS11AA CS11AA CS11AA

CSIIAA

CS11AB CS11AC CS11AC CS11AD CS11AH CS11AI CS11IAI 201 202 202 202 202 202 203 196 196 202 202 204 204 205 209 210 210 210 210 210 211 212 212 213 217 218 218 WO 98/33134 PTA9/03 PCT/AU98/00038 11 CS10BNll1 CS1OB38 SCHEDULE CSlOB9 SCHEDULE

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CS10B311 SCHEDULE CS10BN12 CSIOBN13 CS10BN14 CS10BN16 NOT. APPICBL lNOT APPLICABLE NO APPLICLE 1 SCHEDULE 80 2 SCHEDULE 10 1 STANDARD WEIGHT 2 EXTRA STRONG 1 STANDARD WEIGHT 21 EXTRA STRONG 1 NOT APPLICABLE 1 NOT APPLICABLE 1 NOT APPLICABLE 1 NOT APPLICABLE 1 NOT APPLICABLE I CS11IAP CS11lAQ CS11AM CS 11AM CS11AR C S11AS CS11AT CS11AU CS11AV CS11AV CS11AW CS11AX CS1 1AW CS11AY CS11AV 2251 226 222 222 227 228 229 2301 231 231 232 233 232 234 231 CS10BN17 1195 I iJNOT APPLICABLE I SIIA 2351 CS11K SIZES 196 T 1 196 220 196 3 325 196 I20 600 CS11L SIZES 197 T 1 197 2 197 -3 197 I15300 CS11M SIZES 198 1 350 198 2400 198 3450 198 4500 195 5600 CS11N SIZES 199 1 200 199 21250 199 3300 199 8600 CS11P SIZES 200 200 2 125 200 3 150 00 11 600 CS11O SIZES 201 1 201 220 201 3 201 19600 CS11R SIZES 202 1 1 750 202 21900 CS11S ISIZES 203 I 1 900 CS11u SIZES 204 1 20xl5 204 2 250 204 3 25x15 204 80 600X250 CS11V SIZES 205 1 20X15 205 2125X20 205 3 25x15 205 49 300x250 CS11W SIZES 206 1 4004350 206 2 450x400 206 3 4504350 206 10' 600X350 CS11X SIZES 207 1 250X200 207 2 300x250 207 3 300x200 207 26 6004300 207 127 600x250 ICS11Y ISIZES 208 l12x0 WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 12 208 2 150X125 208 3 150x1DO 208 40 60OX250 CSilZ SIZES T209 1 20X15 209 2 25x20 209 3 25x15 209 72 600x250 CS1 IAA SIZES 210 1 750X600 210 2 7504500 210 3 750x450 8 900x450 CS11AB SZS211 11900x600 211 2 9004500 211 3 900x450 CS11AZ SIZES 235 1 235 r220 235 3 235 4 32 235 5 235 16150 CS3C1 TYPE 236 11ISTANDARD CS4Cl 237 236 2LRGE BORE CS4C2 238 CC123 3 OR IFICE CS4C3 239 236 4 BLINDS CS4C4 240 C4l DETAILS 237 1 SLIP ON SC24 237 2 SCREWED Cs5C1 241 237 3 LAPPED CS5CI 241 237 10 SOCKET WELD CS5C7 247 CS4C2 DETAILS 238 1 BLIND CS5C8 248 238 2 BLIND RING JOINT CS5C9 249 238 3 SLIP ON CS5C1O 250 238 4 WELD NECK CS5C1 1 251 238 5 WELD NECK RING JOINT CS5C12 252 CS4C3 DETAILS 239 1 SLIP ON CS5C13 253 239 2 SLIP ON RING JOINT CS5C13 253 239 3 WELD NECK CS5C14 254 239 4 WELD NECK RING JOINT CSSC14 254 CS4C4 DETAILS 240 1 SPECTACLE BLIND CS5C15 255 240 2 PADDLE BLIND CS5C16 256 240 3, RING SPACER ICS5C16 256 CS5C1 STD.(DIM.) 241 1 ANSI B16.5 CSGC1 257 CS5C2 STD.(DIM.) 242 1 ANSI B 16.5 CS6C2 258 CS5C3 STD.(DIM.) 243 1 ANSI B16.5 CS6C3 259 CS5C16 STD.(DIM.) 256 1 ANSI B16.5 C56C18 274 C56C1 STD.(MAT.) 257 1 ASTM A105 CS7CN1 275 257 2 ASTM A350(LT) CS7C1 276 CS6C2 STD.(MAT.) 258 1 ASTMA105 CS7CN2 277 258 2 ASTM A350(LT) CS7C2 278 C56C18 STD.(MAT.) 274 1 ASTM A105 C S7CN18 308 CS7CN1 275 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS8C1 309 CS7C 1 GRADES 276 1 LF1 CS8C1 309 276 2 LF2 CS8C1 309 276 3 LF3 CS1 309 CS7CN18 308 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS8C18 326 C58C1 FINISH 309 1 BLACK CS9C1 327 CS8C2 FINISH 310 1 BLACK CS9C2 328 CS8C3 FINISH 311 1 BLACK CS9C3 329 CS8C18 FINISH 326 1 1BLACK CSC18 344 CS9C18

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2 CLASS 100 2 CLASS 300 1 CLASS 150 CS1OCN1 CS1OCNI CS1OCN1 CS10OCN21 WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -13- CLASS 300 CLASS 600 CLASS 900 CS10CN21 CS10CN21 CS10CN21 CS10CN1 345 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS11K 196 CS10CN2 346 1 NOTAPPLICABLE CS11Q 201 CS10CN3 347 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS11BA 375 S1UGMN14 INUI AP'tP LIUAbLE CS1UC1 CS10C2 CS10C3 CS10C4 CS10C5 CS10C6 CS10C7

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359 359 359 359 359 360 360 360 360 360 361 361 361 361 361 362 362 362 362 362 363 363 363 363 363 363 364 364 364 364 364 364 365 365 365 365 365 365 366 367 368 369 369 369 369 369 370 371 371 371 371 371 372 373 374 1 STANDARD WEIGHT 2 EXTRA STRONG 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG 4 SCHEDULE 10 13 SCHEDULE 160 1 STANDARD WEIGHT 2 EXTRA STRONG 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG 4 SCHEDULE 10 13 SCHEDULE 160 1 STANDARD WEIGHT 2 EXTRA STRONG 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG 4 SCHEDULE 10 13 SCHEDULE 160 1 STANDARD WEIGHT 2 EXTRA STRONG 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG 4 SCHEDULE 10 13 SCHEDULE 160 1 STANDARD WEIGHT 2 EXTRA STRONG 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG 4 SCHEDULE 40 5 SCHEDULE 80 6 SCHEDULE 160 1 STANDARD WEIGHT 2 EXTRA STRONG 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG 4 SCHEDULE 40 5 SCHEDULE 80 6 SCHEDULE 160 1 STANDARD WEIGHT 2 EXTRA STRONG 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG 4 SCHEDULE 40 5 SCHEDULE 80 6 SCHEDULE 160 1 NOT APPLICABLE 1 NOT APPLICABLE 1 NOT APPLICABLE 1 STANDARD WEIGHT 2 EXTRA STRONG 3 SCHEDULE 20 4 SCHEDULE 30 5 SCHEDULE 40 1I NOT APPLICABLE 1 STANDARD WEIGHT 2 EXTRA STRONG 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG 4 SCHEDULE 10 13 SCHEDULE 160 1 NOT APPLICABLE 1 NOT APPLICABLE 1 NOT APPLICABLE ICS11BA CS11K CS11K CS11L CS11M OsilL CS11Q CS11BC CS11BC CS11BD CS11M CS11BC CSl 1BA CS11BA CS11BA CS11M C SliMB CS11BA CS11BG CS11BG CS11BH CS11M CS11BI CS11BJ CS11BJ CS11BJ CS11BJ CSllBJ CS1 1 BJ CS11BJ CS11BK CS11BK CS11BK CS11BK CS11BK CS11BK CS11BL CS11BL CS11BL CS11BL CS11BL CS11BL CS11BM CS11BM CS11BM CS11BM CS11BM CS11BM CS11BN CS11BO CS11BP CS11BP CS11BP CS11BQ CS11M CS11BP CS11BR CS11BS CS11BT I 3751 383 384 384 384 384 384 384 385 385 385 385 385 385 386 386 386 386 386 386 387 387 387 387 387 387 388 389 3901 390 390 391 198 390 392 393 394 CS10CN15 CS10CN16 CS10CN17 CS10C8 SCHEDULE CS10CN18 CS10C9 SCHEDULE CS10CN19 CS10CN20 CS10CN21_____

I

CS11BA SIZES 1 220 325 14300 1 I WO 98/33134 WO 9833134PCT/AU98/00038 14- CS1 1BB SIZES 376 1 376 2 32 376 340 376 18 600 CS1 1BC SIZES 377 1 377 220 377 325 377 19600 CS11BD SIZES 378 1 378 220 378 325 378 14 300 ICS11BE SIZES 379 1 200 379 2 250 379 1 31300 CS1FSIZES 380 1 100 380 2 150 380 3 200 380 4 250 380 5 300 CS1GSIZE S 381 1 381 2 32 381 3 381 1 8600 CS11IBH SIZES 382 1 382 232 382 340 382 13300 CS 1BI383 1 383 2132 383 3 383 17600 CS JSIZES 384 1 384 232 384 340 384 450 384 565 384 680 CS KSIZES 385 1 385 220 385 325 385 880 CS11BL SIZES 386 1 386 220 386 325 765 CS11BM SIZES 387 1 650 387 2 700 387 3 750 387 4 800 387 5 850 387 6 900 CS1 1BN SIZES 388 1 700 388 2 750 388 3 800 388 4 850 388 5 900 CS1 1 BO SIZES 389 1 800 389 2 850 389 3900 110 IQ I zro 390 390 WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 390 171600 CS11BQ SIZES 391 1 391 2 32 391 340 391 12 300 CS11BR SIZES 392 1 392 2 392 3 392 10350 CS11BS SIZES 393 1 393 2 393 3 393 7 200 CS11BT SIZES 394 1 394 240 394 350 394 14600 CS3E1 TYPE 395 1 MACHINE BOLTS CS4E 396 395 2 STUD BOLTS CS4E2 397 CS4E1 DETAILS 396 1 Mc.BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO ANSI 816.5 CS5E1 398 396 2 Mc.BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO BS3293 CS5E2 399 396 3 Mc.BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO MSS-SP44 CS5E3 400 CS4E2 DETAILS 397 1 STUD BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO ANSI 816.5 ICS5E4 397 2 STUD BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO BS3293 ICS5E5 4021 397 3 STUD BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO MSS-SP44 CS5E6 397 4 STUD BOLT SETS (LT) FOR FLGS. TO ANSI 816.5 CS5E7 397 5 STUD BOLT SETS (LT) FOR FLGS. TO BS3293 CS5E8 397 6 STUD BOLT SETS (LT) FOR FLGS. TO MSS-SP44 CS5E9 397 7 STUD BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO ANSI 816.36 397 8 STUD BOLT SETS (LT) FOR FLGS. TO ANSI 816.36 CS5E11 CS5E1 STD. (DIM.) 398 1 ANSI 818.2 CS6E1 409 CS5E2 STD. (DIM.) 399 1 ANSI 818.2 CS6E2 410 CS5E3 STD. (DIM.) 400 1 ANSI 818.2 CS6E3 411 CS5E11 STD.(DIM.) 408 1 ANSI 818.2 CS6E11 419 CS6E1 STD. (MAT.) 409 1 ASTM A307 CS7EN 420 CS6E2 STD. (MAT.) 410 1 ASTM A307 CS7EN2 421 CS6E3 STD. (MAT.) 411 1 ASTM A307 CS7EN3 422 CS6E4 STD. (MAT.) 412 1 STUDS TO ASTM A193 CS7E1 426 412 2 NUTS TO ASTM A194 CS7E2 424 STD. (MAT.) 413 1 STUDS TO ASTM A193 CS7E3 425 413 2 NUTS TO ASTM A194 CS7E4 426 CS6E6 STD. (MAT.) 414 1 STUDS TO ASTM A193 CS7E5 427 414 2 NUTS TO ASTM A194 CS7E6 428 CS6E7 STD. (MAT.) 415 1 STUS TO ASTM A320 CS7E7 429 415 2 NUTS TO ASTM A320 CS7E8 430 CS6E8 STD. (MAT.) 416 1 STUDS TO ASTM A320 CS7E9 431 416 2 NUTS TO ASTM A320 CS7E10 432 CS6E9 STD. (MAT.) 417 1 STUDS TO ASTMA320 CS7E11 433 417 2 NUTS TO ASTM A320 CS7E12 434 CS6E10O STD. (MAT.) 418 1 STUDS TO ASTM A193 CS7E13 435 418 2 NUTS TO ASTM A194 CS7E14 436 CS6E11 STD. (MAT.) 419 1 STUDS TO ASTM A193 CS7E15 437 419 2 NUTS TO ASTM A194 CS7E16 438 CS7EN1 420 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS8E1 439 CS7EN2 421 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS8E2 440 CS7EN3 422 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS8E3 441 CS7E1 GRADES 423 1 B7 CS8E4 442 CS7E2 GRADES 424 1 2H CSBE4 442 CS7E3 GRADES 425 1 B7 CSBE5 443 CS7E16 GRADES 438 1 2H CS8E7 445 CS8E2 CS8E3 ICS8E4 ICS8E6 rIN4ISn

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CS9E1 CS9E2 CS9E3 CS9E4 CS9ES CS9E6 WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -16- CS8E7 FINISH 445 1 BLACK ICS9E7 452 CS9E1 FLG. RATING 446 1 CLASS 150 RAISED FACE CS10EN1 453 446 2 CLASS 150 RING JOINT CS10EN2 454 446 3 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE CS10EN3 455 446 4 CLASS 300 RING JOINT CS10EN4 456 CS9E2 FLG. RATING 447 1 CLASS 150 RAISED FACE CS10ENS 457 447 2 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE CS10EN6 458 447 3 CLASS 300 RING JOINT CS10EN7 459 CS9E3 FLG. RATING 448 1 CLASS 150 RAISED FACE CS10EN8 460 448 2 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE CS10EN9 461 448 3 CLASS 300 RING JOINT CS10EN10 462 CS9E4 FLG. RATING 449 1 CLASS 150 RAISED FACE CS10EN11 463 449 2 CLASS 150 RING JOINT CS10EN12 464 449 3 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE CS10EN13 465 449 12 CLASS 2500 RING JOINT CS10EN22 474 FLG. RATING 450 1 CLASS 150 RAISED FACE CS10EN23 475 450 2 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE CS10EN24 476 450 3 CLASS 300 RING JOINT CS10EN25 477 450 4 CLASS 600 RAISED FACE CS10EN26 478 450 5 CLASS 600 RING JOINT CS10EN27 479 CS9E6 FLG. RATING 451 1 CLASS 150 RAISED FACE CS10EN28 480 451 2 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE CS10EN29 481 451 3 CLASS 300 RING JOINT CS10EN30 482 451 4 CLASS 600 RAISED FACE CS10EN31 483 451 5 CLASS 600 RING JOINT CS10EN32 484 451 6 CLASS 900 RAISED FACE CS10EN33 485 CS9E7 FLG. RATING 452 1 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE CS10EN34 486 452 2 CLASS 300 RING JOINT CS10EN35 487 452 3 CLASS 600 RAISED FACE CS10EN36 488 452 4 CLASS 600 RING JOINT CS10EN37 489 CS10EN1 453 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS11BU 490 CS10EN2 454 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS11BV 491 CS10EN3 455 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS11BW 492 CS10EN37 489 INOT APPLICABLE |CS11DE 5261 CS11BU FLG. SIZES 490 115 CS12BU1 490 220 CS12BU2 490 325 CS12BU3 490 20 600 CS12BU20 CS11BV FLG. SIZES 491 1 25 CS12BV1 491 232 CS12BV2 491 340 CS12BV3 491 18600 CS12BV18 CS11BW FLG. SIZES 492 1 15 CS12BW1 492 220 CS12BW2 492 325 CS12BW3 492 20600 CS12BW20 CS11BX FLG. SIZES 493 1 15 CS12BX1 493 220 CS12BX2 493 3 25 CS12BX3 493 20600 CS12BX20 CS11BY FLG. SIZES 494 1650 CS12BY1 494 2 700 CS12BY2 494 3 750 CS12BY3 494 4 800 CS12BY4 494 5 850 CS12BY5 494 6900 CS12BY6 CS11BZ FLG. SIZES 495 1 650 CS12BZ1 495 2 700 CS12BZ2 495 3 750 CS12BZ3 495 4 800 CS12BZ4 495 5 850 CS12BZ5 495 6 900 CS12BZ6 CS11CA FLG. SIZES 496 1650 CS12CA1 496 2 700 CS12CA2 496 3 750 CS12CA3 496 4 800 CS12CA4 WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -17- CS11CB JFLG. SIZES CS11CC IFLG. SIZES CS11CD CS11iCE CS11CF CS11ICG CS11CH CS11cI cS1 1 c FLG. SIZES FLG. SIZES FLG. SIZES FLG. SIZES FLG. SIZES FLG. SIZES FLG. SIZES 496 496 497 497 497 497 497 497 498 498 498 498 498 498 499 499 499 499 499 499 500 500 500 500 501 501 501 501 502 502 502 502 503 503 503 503 504 504 504 504 505 505 505 505 506 506 506 506 507 507 507 507 508 508 508 508 509 509 509 509 ,51 0 510 510 CS12CA5 CS1 2CA6 C Si2C81 CS12CB2 CS12CB3 CS12CB4 CS12CB5 CS1 2CB6 CS12CC1 CS1 2CC2 CS1 2CC3 CS12CC4 CS12CC5 CS12CC6 CS12CDl CS12CD2 CS12CD3 CS12CD4 CS1 2CIDS CS12C06 CS1 2CE1 CS12CE2 CS12CE3 CS1 2CE20 CS12CFI CS12CF2 CS1 2CF3 CS12CF18 CS12CG1 CS12CG2 CS12CG3 CS12CG20 CS1 2CH 1 CS12CH2 CS1 2CH3 CS12CH20 CS12CII CS12C12 CS12CI3 CS12CI2O CS12CJ1 CS12CJ2 CS12CJ3 CS12CJ20 CS12CK1 CSI2CK2 CS1 2CK3 CS12CK19 CS12CL1 CS12CL2 CS12CL3 CS12CL19 CS1 2CM1 CS12CM2 CS12CM3 CS12CM19 CS12CN1 CS12CN2 CS1 2CN3 CS12CN1 9 CS12COl CS12C02 CS12C03 CS11CK IFLG. SIZES CS11CL IFLG.SIZES CS11CM FLG. SIZES CS11CN IFLG.SIZES FLG. SIZES CS1 1co WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -18- 510 14300 CS12CO14 CS11CP FLG. SIZES 511 1 15 CS12CP1 511 220 CSI2CP2 511 3 25 CS12CP3 511 14300 CS12CP14 CS11CQ FLG. SIZES 512 1 650 CS12CQ1 512 2 700 CS12CQ2 512 3750 CS12CQ3 512 4800 CS12CQ4 512 5 850 CS12CQ5 512 6 900 CS12CQ6 CS11CR FLG. SIZES 513 1 650 CS12CR1 513 2 700 CS12CR2 513 3 750 CS12CR3 513 4800 CS12CR4 513 5 850 CS12CR5 513 6900 CS12CR6 CS11CS FLG. SIZES 514 1 650 CSI2CS1 514 2700 CS12CS2 514 3 750 CS12CS3 514 4 800 CS12CS4 514 5 850 CS12CS5 514 6 900 CS12CS6 CS 1CT FLG. SIZES 515 1 650 CS12CT1 515 2 700 CSI2CT2 515 3750 CS12CT3 515 4800 CS12CT4 515 5 850 CS12CTS 515 6 900 CS12CT6 CSI1CU FLG. SIZES 516 1 650 CS12CU1 516 2 700 CS12CU2 516 3750 CS12CU3 516 4 800 CS12CU4 516 5850 CS12CU5 516 6 900 CS12CU6 CS11CV FLG.SIZES 517 1 650 CS12CV1 517 21700 CS12CV2 517 3 750 CS12CV3 517 4800 CS12CV4 517 5 850 CS12CV5 517 6 900 CS12CV6 CS11CW FLG.SIZES 518 1 650 CS12CW1 518 2700 CS12CW2 518 3 750 CS12CW3 518 4 800 CS12CW4 518 5 850 CS12CW5 518 6 900 CS12CW6 CS11CX FLG. SIZES 519 1 650 CS12CXI 519 2 700 CS12CX2 519 3 750 CS12CX3 519 4 800 CS12CX4 519 5850 CS12CX5 519 6900 CS12CX6 CS11CY FLG.SIZES 520 1 650 CS12CY1 520 2 700 CS1 2CY2 520 3 750 CS12CY3 520 4 800 CS12CY4 520 5 850 CS12CY5 520 6 900 CS12CY6 CS1 1 CZ FLG. SIZES 521 1 650 CS12CZ1 521 2 700 CS12CZ2 521 3 750 CS12CZ3 521 4 800 CS12CZ4 521 5850 CS12CZ5 521 6900 CS12CZ6 CS1DA FLG. SIZES 522 1 650 CS12DA1 522 2700 CS12DA2 522 31750 CS12DA3 522 4800 CS12DA4 522 5850 CS12DA5 522 6900 CSI2DA6 WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 C511DB FLG. SIZES 523 1 25 CS12DB1 523 2 32 051 2DB2 523 340 CS12DB3 523 17600 CS12DB17 CS11DC FIG. SIZES 524 1 25 051 2DC1 524 232 CS120C2 524 340 CS12DC3 524 450 CS12DC4 524 1650 0.120.16 524 16500 CS12DC16 CS11DD FLG.SIZES 525 1 25 CS12DD1 525 232 CS12DD2 525 340 CS12DD3 525 450 OS12DD4 525 1650 2D...

525 16500 CS12DD16 CSil1DE FLG. SIZES 526 1 25 CS12DE1 526 232 CS12DE2 526 340 051 2DE3 526 450 CS12DE4 526 16500 CS12DE16 526 1171600 ICS12DE17 CS12BUI BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA.x 45 mm LG CS12BU2 2 1/2 DIA.x 50mm LG CS12BU3 3 1/2 DIA.x 55mm LG CS128U4 4 1/2 DIA.x 55mm LG CS12BU19 191-1/8 DIA.x 135 mm LG CS12BU20 2011-1/4 DIAx 145 mm LG CS12BV1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA.x 70mm LG CS12BV2 2 1/2 DIA.x 70mm LG CS12BV3 3 1/2 DIA.x 75mm LG CS12BV4 4 5/8 DIAx 80 mm LG CS12BV17 1711-1/8 DIA.x 150 mm CS12BV1B 181 -1/4 DIA.x 160 mm LG CS12BW1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA.x 5mm LG CS12BW2 2 5/8 DIAx 60 mm LG CS12BW3 3 5/8 DIAx 65 mm LG CS12BW4 4 5/8 DIA.x 65 mm LG CS12BW19 1911-1/4 DIA.XIBML 180 mm.L CS12BW20 201 -1/2 DIA.x195 mm LG CS12BX1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA.x 70mm LG CS12BX2 2 5/8 DIA.x 75 mm LG CS12BX3 3 5/8 D IAx 80 mm LG CS12BX4 4 5/8 DIAx 80 mm LG CS12BX19 1911-1/4 DIA~x 205 mm CS12BX20 201 -1/2 DIA.x 220mm LG CS12BY1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-1/4 DIA.x 145 mm LG CS12BY2 2 1-1/4 DIA.x 150 mm LG 051 2BY3 3 1-1/4 DIA.x 160 mm LG CS12BY4 4 1-1/2 DIAx 165 mm LG CS12BYS 5 1-1/2 DIA.x 170 mm LG CS12BY6 6 1-1/2 DIA.x 180 mm LG CS12BZ1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-5/8 DIA.x 210 mm LG CS12BZ2 .2 1-5/8 DIA.x 225 mm LG CS12BZ3 3 1-3/4 DIAx 250 mm LG CS12BZ4 4 1-7/8 DIAx 255 mm IG CS128Z5 5 1-7/8 D IA.x 260 mm LG CS12BZ6 6 2 DIA.x 280 mm LG CS12CAI BOLT SIZES 1 1-5/8 DIA.x 240 mm LG CS12CA2 2 1-5/8 DIA.x 255 mm LG CS12CA3 3 1-3/4 DIA.x 280 mm LG CS12CA4 4 1-7/8 DIAx 290 mm LG WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 1-7/8 DIA.x 295 mm LG 6 201IA.x 315mm LG 1 1-1/A4DIA.x 180mm LG 2 1-1/4 DIA.x185 mm LG 3 1- 1/4 DIA.x 195 mm LG 4 1-1/2 DIA.x 210mm LG 1-1/2 DIA.x 215mm LG 6 1-112 DIA.x 230 mm LG 1 1-5/8 DIA.x 210 mm LG 2 1-5/8 DIA.x 225 mm LG 3 1-3/4 DIA.x 250 mm LG 4 1-7/8 OIA.x 255 mm LG 1-7/8 DIA.x 260 mm LG 6 2 DIAx 280 mm LG 1 1-5/8 DIA.x 240 mm LG 2 1-5/8 DIA.x 255 mm LG 3 1-3/4 DIA.x 280 mm LG 4 1-7/8 DIA.x 290 mm LG 1-7/8 DIA.x 295 mm LG 6 2 DIA.x 315mm LG .1 1/2 DIA.x 60mm LG 2 1/2 DIA.x 65 mm LG 311/2 DIA.x 65 mm LG 4 1/2 DIA.x 70 mm LG 1911-1/801IA.x 160 mm LG 1-1/4 DIA.x 170 mm LG 1 1/2 OIA.x 80 mm LG 2 1/2 DIA.x 85 mm LG 3 1/2 DIAx 85 mm LG 4 5/8 DIA.x 100 mm LG 1711-1/8 DIA.x 175 mm LG 181 -1/4 DIA.x 185 mm LG 1 1/2 DIA.x 65 mm LG 2 5/8 DIA.x 75 mm LG 3 5/8 DIA.x 75 mm LG 4 5/8 DIA.x 85 mm LG 1911-1/4 DIA.x 205mm LG 1-1/2 DIAx 230 mm LG 1 1/2 DIA.x 80 mm LG 2 5/8 DIA.x 90 mm LG 3 5/8 DIA.x 90 mm LG 4 5/8 DIA.x 100mm LG 1911-1/4 DIA.x 23OMM LG 2011-1/2 DIA.x 255 mm LG 1 1/2 DIA.x 75 mm LG 2 5/8 DIA.x 90 mm LG 3 5/8 DIA.x 90 mm LG 4 5/8 DIA.x 95 mm LG 19 1-5/8 DIA.x 285 mm LG 1-7/8 DIA.x 330 mm LG 1 1/2 DIA.x 80 mm LG 2 5/8 DIA-x 95 mm LG 3 5/8 DIA-x 95 mm LG 4 5/8 DIA.x 100 mm LG 1911-5/8 DIA.x 300 mm 2011-7/8 DIA.x 345 mm LG 1 3/4 DIA.xl110mm LG 2 3/4 DIA.xl115mm LG 3 7/8 DIA.x 130mm LG 4 7/8 DIAx 130 mm LG 1-7/8 DIA.x 350 mm LG I I WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -21 CS12CK19 19 2-1/2 DIA.x 440 mm LG CS12CL1 BOLT SIZES 1 3/4 DIA.x 115mm LG CS12CL2 2 3/4 DIA.x 120 mm LG CS12CL3 3 7/8 DIA.x 135 mm LG CS12CL4 4 7/8 DIAx 135 mm LG CS12CL18 1811-7/8 DIA.x 370 mm LG CS12CL19 1912-1/2 DIA.x 470 mm LG CS12CM1 BOLT SIZES 1 3/4 DIA.xl110mm LG CS12CM2 2 3/4 DIA.x 115mm LG CS12CM3 3 7/8 DIA.x 130 mm LG CS12CM4 4 7/8 DIA.x 130 mm LG CS12CM18 1813DIA.x 540mm LG CS12CM19 1913-1/2 DIA.x 615 mm LG CS12CN1 BOLT SIZES 1 3/4 DIA.x 115mm LG CS12CN2 2 3/4 DIA.x 120 mm LG CS12CN3 3 7/8 DIA.x 135 mm LG CS12CN4 4 7/8 DIA.x 135 mm LG CS12CN18 1813 DIAx 575 mm LG CS12CN19 19 3-1/2 DIA.x 660 mm LG CS12CO1 BOLT SIZES 1 3/4 DIAx 120 mm LG CS12C02 I2 3/4 DIA.x 130 mm LG CS12CO3 3 7/8 DIA.x 140 mm LG C S12CO4 4 1 DIA.x155 mm LG CS12C013 1 3 2-1/2 DIAx 490 mm LG CS12CO14 1412-3/4 DIA.x 540 mm LG CS12CP1 BOLT SIZES 1 3/4 DIA.x 125 mm LG CS12CP2 2 3/4 DIA.x 135 mm LG CS12CP3 3 7/8 DIA.x 145 mm LG CS12CP4 4 1 DIA.x165 mm LG CS12CP13 1312-1/2 DIA.x 525 mm LG CS12CP14 14 2-3/4 DIA.x 575 mm LG CS12COl BOLT SIZES 1 1-1/4 DIA.x 170 mm LG CS12CQ2 2 1-1/4 DIA.x 180 mm LG CS12CQ3 3 1-1/4 DIA.x180mm LG CS12CO4 4 1-1/2 DIA.x 200 mm LG CS12COS 5 1-1/2 DIA~x 205mm LG CS12C06 6 1-1/201IA.x 205mm LG CS12CR1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-5/8 DIA.x 250mm LG CS12CR2 2 1-5/8 DIAx 260 mm LG CS12CR3 3 1-3/4 DiAx 280 mm LG CS12CR4 4 1-7/8 DIAx 300 mm LG CS12CR5 5 1-7/8 DIA.x 305 mm LG CS1 2CR6 6 2 DIA.x 320 mm LG CS12CS1 1 1-5/8 DIA.x 280mm LG CS12CS2 2 1 -5/8 DIA.x 290mm LG CS12CS3 3 1-3/4 DIA.x 310mm LG CS12CS4 4 1-7/8 DIA.x 335 mm LG CS1 2CS5 5 1-7/8 DIA.x 340 MM LG CS12CS6 6 2 DIA.x 355 mm LG CS1 2CT1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-7/8 DIAx 330 mm LG CS12CT2 2 2 DIA.x 345 mm LG CS1 2CT3 3 2 DIA.x 350 mm LG CS12CT4 4 2-1/4 DIA.x 370 mm LG CS12CT5 5 2-1/4 DIA.x 375 mm LG CS12CT6 6 2-1/2 DIA.x 395 mm LG CS12CUl BOLT SIZES 1 1-7/8 DIA.x 350mm LG CS12CU2 2 2 DIA.x 365 mm LG CS1 2CU3 3 2 DIA.x 370 mm LG CS12CU4 4 2-1/4 DIA.x 395 mm LG CS12CU5 5 2-1/4 DIA.x 400 mm LG CS12CU6 6 2-1/2 DIAx42Omm LG CS12CV1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-1/4 DIA.x 205 mm LG CS12CV2 211-1/4 DIA.x 220 mm LG WO 98/33134 PTA9/03 PCT/AU98/00038 22 3 1-1/4 DIA.x 225 mm LG 4 1-1/2 DiA.x 250mm LG 1-1/2 DIA.x 255 mm LG 6 1-1/2 DIA.x 265 mm LG 1 1-5/8 DIA.x 250 mm LG 2 1-5/8 DIA.x 260 mm LG 3 1-3/4 DIA.x 280 mm LG 4 1-7/8 DIA.x 300 mm LG 1-7/8 DIA.x 305 mm LG 6 2 DIA.x 320 mm LG 1 1-5/8 DIA.x 280 mm LG 2 1-5/8 DIA.x 290 mm LG 3 1-3/4 DIA.x 310mm LG 4 1-7/8 DIA.x 335 mm LG 1-7/8 DIA.x 340 mm LG 6 2 DIA.x 355 mm LG 1 1-7/8 DIAx 330 mm LG 2 2 DIA.x 345 mm LG 3 2 DIA.x 350 mm LG 4 2-1/4 DIA.x 370 mm LG 2-1/4 DIA.x 375 mm LG 6 2-1/2 DIA.x 395 mm LG 1 1-7/8 DIA.x 350 mm LG 2 2 DIA.x 365 mm LG 3 2 DlA.x 370 mm LG 4 2-1/4 DlA.x 395 mm LG 2-1/4 DIA.x 400 mm LG 6 2-1/2 DIAx 420 mm LG 1 2-3/4 DIA.x 450 mm LG 2 3 DIAx 470 mm LG 3 3 DIA.x 480 mm LG 4 3-1/4 DIA.x 500 mm LG 3-1/2 DIA.x 525 mm LG 6 3-1/2 DIA.x 540 mm LG 1 5/8 DIA.x 130 mm LG 2 5/8 DiA.x 130 mm LG 3 3/4 DIAx 135 mm LG 4 5/8 DIA.x 130 mm LG 1611-1/4 DIA.x 215 mm LG 17 1-1/2 DIA.x 245 mm LG 1 5/8 DIA.x 145 mm LG 2 5/8 DIA.x 145 mm LG 3 3/4 DIA.x 150 mm LG 4 5/8 DIA.x 150 mm LG 1611-1/4 DIA.x 240 mm LG 17 1-1/2 DIA.x 270 mm LG 1 5/8 DIA.x 130 mm LG 2 5/8 DiA.x130mm LG 3 3/4 DIA.x 135 mm LG 4 5/8 DIA.x 130 mm LG 1611-5/8 DIA.x 300 mm LG 17 1-7/8 DIAx 340 mm LG 1 5/8 DiA.x135 mm LG 2 5/8 DIA.xl135mm LG 3 3/4 DIA.x 140 mm LG 4 5/8 DIA.x 140 mm LG 1611-5/8 DIA.x 315 mm LG 17 1-7/8 DA.x 355 mm 1 lCOMPRESSED FIBRE TCS4Fl 528 2 SPIRAL WOUND ICS4F2 I 529 3 METAL RING JOINT CS4F3 530 4 INSULATING SETS ICS4F4 531 1 KLINGER SIL C4210 FULL FACE ICS5FN1 532 2 KLINGER SIL C4400 FULL FACE I CS5FN1 I 532 WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 23 CS4F2 CS4F3 CS4F4 CS5FN1 CSSFN2 CS5FN3 CS5FN4 CS5FN6 CS5FN7 CS6FN1 CS6FN2 CS6FN3 CS6FN4 CS6FN6 CS6FN7 CS7FN1 CS7FN2 CS7FN3 CS7FN4 CS7FN6 CS7FN7 CSBFN1 CS8FN2 CS8FN3 CS8FN4 CS8FNS CS8FN6 CS8FN7

DETAILS

DETAILS

DETAILS

528 528 528 528 529 529 529 530 530 530 530 531 531 532 1 533 1 534 1 535 1 536 1 537 1 538 1 539 1 540 1 541 1 542 1 543 1 544 1 545 1 546 1 547 1 548 1 549 1 550 1 551 1 552 1 553 1 554 1 555 1 556 1 557 1 558 1 559 1 KLINGER SIL C4430 FULL FACE CS5FN1 KLINGER SIL C4500 FULL FACE CS5FN1 KLINGER SIL C6327 RING JOINT CS5FN1 KLINGER SIL C8200 RING JOINT ICS5FN1 TYPE CR CRIR FOR FLGS. TO ANSI 81 6.5 TYPE CR CRIR FOR FLGS. TO MSS-SP44 TYPE CR CRIR FOR FLGS. TO BS3293 FCS5FN4 RTJ TYPE R (OVAL) FOR FLGS. TO 600 DIA.

RTJ TYPE R (OCTAGONAL) FLGS. TO 600 DIA.

RTJ TYPE R (OVAL) FLGS. ABOVE 600 DIA.

RTJ TYPE R (OCTAGONAL) FLGS. ABOVE 600 DIA.

TYPE E FULL FACE C5N TYPE F RAISED FACE C5N TYPE D RING GROOVE C5N NOT APPLICABLE CS6FN6 NOT APPLICABLE CS6FN7 NOT APPLICABLE CS7FN1 NOT APPLICABLE CS7FN2 NOT APPLICABLE CS7FN3 NOT APPLICABLE CS7FN4 NOT APPLICABLE CS7FN5 NOT APPLICABLE CS7FN6 NOT APPLICABLE CS7FN7 NOT APPLICABLE CS7FN1 NOT APPLICABLE CS8FN2 NOT APPLICABLE CS8FN3 NOT APPLICABLE CS8FN4 NOT APPLICABLE CS8FN5 NOT APPLICABLE CS8FN6 NOT APPLICABLE CS8FN7 NOT APPLICABLE CS9F13 NOT APPLICABLE CS8F24 NOT APPLICABLE CS8F35 NOT APPLICABLE CS8F46 NOT APPLICABLE CS9F57 NOT APPLICABLE CS9F6 NOT APPLICABLE

SF

532 532 532 532 C S5FN2 CS5FN3 5351 538 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 .549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 CS9F1 RATING 560 1 CLASS 150 CS1OFN1 567 560 2 CLASS 300 CS1OFN1 567 560 3 CLASS 600 CS1OFN1 567 560 4 CLASS 900 CS1OFN1 567 CS9F7 RATING 566 1 CLASS 150 CS1OFN1 567 566 2 CLASS 300 CS1OFN1 567 566 3 CLASS 600 CS10FNI 567 566 4 CLASS 900 CS1OFN1 567 566 5 CLASS 1500 CS1OFN3 569 566 16 CLASS 2500 CS1OFN4 570 CS1OFN1 567 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS1 1DF 572 CS1OFN2 568 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS11K( 196 CS1OFN3 569 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS11O 201 CS1OFN4 570 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS11BA 375 571 1 NOT APPLICABLE CS11BM 387 CS11DOF SIZES 572 11 572 2 572 330 572 440 572 24 850 572 25 900

I

WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -24- If a user selects item number 2 (Fittings) from the component menu M2, the user is then presented with type menu CS3B1 from which they are required to select one of four items. Depending upon which of the four items the user selects, they are then presented with details menu CS4B1, CS4B2, CS4B3 or CS4B4, and so forth. When a user has selected an item from the Size menu, the selection process for that material is complete.

In order to simplify the selection process, where a menu contains only one menu item, such as menu CS5A1, the selection of the single item is made automatically and the next menu is presented to the user.

The items selected in each of the menus are passed to the output means 36.

Whilst the selections made by the user from the menus are sufficient to uniquely identify the material, the number of man-hours required to install the material is predominantly dependent upon the volume and weight of the material, which has not been selected in the menus. However, for each material, the weight and volume are constant and are stored as data in the reference database The indexing means 30 forms an index for the material based upon the selection made in each of the component menu M2, detail menu, the rating menu, the schedule menu and the size menu. In this manner, a unique index is formed by simple concatenation of the menu number, e.g. M2, CS4B1 etc and the menu item that is selected from within that menu.

The index is output to the reference means 32 which utilises the index in referencing the reference database 10. The reference database 10 includes weight data, volume data, other data (to be described below) and also includes control data. The data referenced in the reference database 10 are passed to the processing means 34.

The processing means 34 receives the data and depending upon the instruction contained in the control data, processes the data in one of the several ways.

WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 One of the instructions that the control data can include is that the other data in the reference database 10 represents the man-hours required to install the material. This is useful if, because of the nature of the material, the man-hours required to install the material is largely independent of factors such as the height to which the material is to be installed. The processing means 34 responds to this instruction by simply passing the data from the reference database 10, including the man-hours, onto the output means 36.

Alternatively, the control data can include an instruction that the other data in the reference database 10 represents a further index to a formula used to calculate the man-hours required to install the material. In the event of such an instruction, the processing means 34 references the formula from a formulae database 42 using the further index.

In addition, the processing means 34 references a formula adjustment database 44 using the further index. The formula adjustment database 44 contains an adjustment of the formula contained in the formula database 42, which adjustment is provided to make the calculation of the man-hours more accurate based upon past discrepancies between estimates of man-hours and actual man-hour values. Whether or not the processing means 34 references the formula adjustment table 44 is an option selectable by the user.

The processing means 34 calculates, from the formula, the data from the reference database 10 and from any formula adjustment, the man-hours required to install the material and outputs the same and the data from the reference database to the output means 36. The formula for installing different types of materials varies, in terms of whether the relationship between weight, volume and man-hours is linear, exponential or logarithmic and also in terms of whether any constants, such as the slope of the linear relationship, changes. In the case of one type of material, the man-hours required to install a material is dependent predominantly upon volume; in another case it is dependent entirely WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -26upon volume: in a further case it is dependent entirely upon weight; and in a further case still, it is dependent on a combination of both.

Once the man-hours have been calculated, the processing means 34 outputs the data from the reference database 10 and the man-hours to the output means 36.

The output means 36 receives the selections made by the user from the interface means 28 and the data and the man-hours from the processing means 34 and formats these into a format suitable for the direct cost estimating module 14. In the embodiment, the selections, the data and the man-hours estimate are formatted as a row in a table suitable for inclusion in a spreadsheet-like layout.

Referring to the flow chart shown in figure 3, state box 50 represents initialisation of the bill of materials module 12. Once initialisation is complete, the first menu, component menu M8, is displayed as shown at state box 52. The interface means 28 then waits for the user to make a selection, as shown at state box 54. Once a selection has been made, the selection is stored and if required, the menu and selection are concatenated and stored as part of the index, shown as state box 56.

Next, a comparison is made to determine whether the menu previously displayed was the last menu, shown as state box 58. In the menu was not the last menu, the next menu is determined from the selection made by the user, and the menu is then displayed, as shown in state box 60. The software then waits for the user to again make a selection at state box 54.

If the comparison at state box 58 determines that the previous menu was the final menu, the reference database 10 is searched using the index to locate the data relating to the material, shown at state box 62.

The control data is then interpreted by the processing means 34 as shown at state box 64. If the control data indicates that the other data contained in the WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 27 reference database 10 represents the man-hours, then the data and the manhours are simply forwarded to the output means as shown at branch 66.

Alternatively, if the control data indicates that a formula is to be referenced, the other data is used by the processor means 34 to reference the formula database 42 and the formula adjustment database 44 if required. The formula is then evaluated to calculate the man-hours as shown at state box 68. The data obtained from the reference database 10 and the man-hours are then output to the output means 36 as shown at branch The output means 36 formats the selections, the data and the man-hours into a format suitable for use by the direct cost estimate module 14 as shown at state box 72.

Finally, the software returns to the start 50, as shown at state box 74.

The direct cost estimate module 14 receives the selections, the data and the man-hours estimate from the output means 36 and displays the same in a spreadsheet-like fashion, as a list of materials and man-hours required for the project. The direct cost estimate module 14 includes functions such as copy and paste so that where more than one particular component is required, a user can simply copy and paste a previous selection from the bill of materials module 12 rather than repeating the selection process through the menus.

The direct cost historical database 16 contains a database of previous bills of materials, from which materials and groups of materials are selectable from the direct cost estimate module 14. For example, if a pumping station with a kilolitre per minute capacity is required, the direct cost historical database 16 is referenced to determine whether the same or a similar pumping station has previously been included in a bill of materials and if so, the materials can simply be copied from the previous bill of materials rather than requiring the user to WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 28 reselect the materials. In addition to saving time by referencing previously-used bills of materials, consistency between bills of materials is improved.

Further, the direct cost estimate module 14 references the direct cost adjustment database 17, so that if some materials are copied from a previous bill of materials, the cost of those materials can be updated from the direct cost adjustment database 17, providing a more accurate cost estimate.

The indirect cost estimation module 18 and the indirect cost historical database operate in a similar manner to the direct cost estimation module 14 and the direct cost historical database 16, however the indirect cost estimation module 18 does not reference the bill of materials module 12. The indirect cost estimation module 18 presents a list of possible indirect costs to the user, which the user can then either enter indirect cost values or delete from the list. Once the direct cost and the indirect cost estimates have been completed, the cost estimates are output to the estimate summary 22, which displays the cost estimate information in a variety of levels of detail and formats.

The project cost control module 24 is intended for use when the engineering project is being constructed and is used to schedule the project, for procurement of the materials, and monitoring and management of project costs.

As the actual costs of the engineering project become known, they are entered into the project cost control module 24. At the completion of the project, the actual and estimated information is output to the cost comparison means which creates entries in the direct and indirect cost adjustment databases 17 and 21 corresponding to any difference between the estimated and actual cost for future reference.

In addition, information from the project cost control module 24 is output to a comparison means 46. The comparison means 46 compares, for each material, the estimated man-hours for installation and the actual man-hours for WO 98/33134 PCT/AU98/00038 -29installation. The comparison means 46 adjusts the formula adjustment database 44 for that material to reduce the error between the estimated and actual manhours value.

It should be appreciated that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiment described above.

For example, it is envisaged in other embodiments that the interface means 28 includes a further menu in which a user enters the height at which a material will be installed, which height information is then utilised by the processing means in calculating the man-hours for installation.

Alternatively, it is envisaged that in other embodiments, the control data will contain further instructions which the processing means will interpret as requiring the user to be prompted for information such as the height at which a material will be installed. The height information will then be utilised by the processing means in the formula when calculating the man-hours for installation.

Furthermore, it is envisaged that in further embodiments one or more of the selections are directly passed to the processing means for utilisation in calculating the man-hours required to install the component.

Finally, whilst the embodiment has been described with reference to carbon steel piping to American standard, it should be appreciated that this is an example only of one application of the embodiment and that the embodiment is equally applicable to other types of piping, as well as other material types, such as electrical, electronic, mechanical and structural materials. Where other material types are included, the number of menus and the menu headings vary depending upon the material type.

Claims (19)

1. A hierarchical relational definition system for defining an output object, comprising: interface means that sequentially presents a plurality of menus from which selections are made, each selection forming an input parameter, said input parameters corresponding to an input object; indexing means which forms an index to a database means from at least one of the input parameters; said database means including fields in which data relating to said input object is stored, one of the fields including control data; referencing means arranged to reference the database means using the index to obtain therefrom the data relating to the input object; processing means responsive to said control data, said control data including instructions to control whether the processing means references a formula and calculates further data relating to said object; and output means for creating an output corresponding to at least one of the input parameters and/or at least some of the data and the further data, if any, said output defining the output object.

2. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each combination of input parameters represents a different input object.

3. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, further comprising a formulae database referenced by the processing means to obtain the formula.

4. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a formulae adjustment database, in which adjustments to each estcnpct.doc 4/O5/99O/O4,Q9 AMENDED SHEET (Article 34) (IPEA/AU) PCT/AU98/00038 -31 formula in the formulae database are stored, said processing means also referencing said formulae adjustment database when calculating the further data.

A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a comparison means, responsive to the output and to actual data provided by a user corresponding to actual values of the further data, the comparison means altering the adjustment in the formulae adjustment database corresponding to the input object so as to reduce any difference between the actual data and the further data.

6. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing means is also responsive to at least one of the input parameters and/or at least some of the data when calculating the further data.

7. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein only one selection is made from each menu.

8. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the index is formed from a plurality of the input parameters.

9. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the index is formed from the concatenated values of the plurality of input parameters.

A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the database means and the formula adjustment database each comprise a table.

11. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the output means comprises table generation AMENDED SHEET (Article 34) (IPEA/AU) estcnpct.dbc 4/o5/gLq9O4 9 PCT/AU98/00038 -32- means which produces a table comprising at least one row, each row corresponding to an object and containing the input parameters and the further data.

12. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control data includes information as to whether a user is to be asked to enter data relating to the object.

13. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control data includes information as to whether a field in said database means comprises the further data for the object or a further index to be used in referencing the formula.

14. A method for defining an object, comprising the steps of: sequentially presenting a plurality of menus from which selections are made; forming an index to a database from at least one of the selections; referencing said database using the index to obtain therefrom data relating to the object, some of said data being control data; determining from said control data whether to reference a formula to calculate further data relating to the object, and if so, referencing said formula and calculating said further data; and presenting at least one of the selections and/or at least some of the data and the further data, if any, as an output, wherein the output defines the object.

A method for defining an object as claimed in claim 14, including the step of referencing a formulae adjustment database to obtain therefrom an adjustment for said formula, which is utilised in calculating the further data. estcnpct.doc 4/5I992/O4/O I AMENDED SHEET (Article 34) (IPEA/AhU) PCT/AU98/00038 -33-

16. A method for defining an object as claimed in claim 15, including the step of comparing the further data with an actual value provided by a user, and on the basis of the comparison altering the adjustment corresponding to the object to reduce the difference between the further data and the actual value.

17. A method for defining an object as claimed in claim 14, 15 or 16, wherein the index is formed from a plurality of the selections.

18. A method for defining an object as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 17, including the step of requesting a user to enter data relating to the object if indicated to do so by the control data.

19. A cost estimate system comprising: means for producing a direct cost estimate; and means for producing an indirect cost estimate, including a hierarchical relational definition system according to any one of claims 1 to 13. estcnpct.doc 4Ia5I9910/o4,'Q AMENDED SHEET (Article 34) (LPEA/AU)