AU734031B2

AU734031B2 - Anti-cross threading fastener

Info

Publication number: AU734031B2
Application number: AU14928/00A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Michael A. Garver; Jerry J. Goodwin; Anthony L. Snoddy
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1995-07-21
Filing date: 2000-02-04
Publication date: 2001-05-31
Anticipated expiration: 2016-07-19
Also published as: AU1492800A

Description

V I S&F Ref: 403504D1

AUSTRALIA

PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT

ORIGINAL

Name and Address of Applicants:

V.

Vt C Michael A Garver 6147 Winans Drive Brighton Michigan 48116 United States of America Jerry J Goodwin 5998 Runnymeade Canton Michigan 48187 United States of America Anthony L Snoddy 1972 Bancroft Ann Arbor Michigan 48108 United States of America Actual Inventor(s): Address for Service: Invention Title: Anthony L Snoddy, Jerry J Goodwin, Michael A Garver Spruson Ferguson St Martins Tower 31 Market Street Sydney NSW 2000 Anti-cross Threading Fastener The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us:- 5845c TITLE OF THE INVENTION Anti-Cross Threading Fastener FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to threaded fasteners such as screws, bolts and nuts, and more particularly, to anti-cross threading fasteners.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Threaded fastener technology is basic to the construction or fabrication of most articles of manufacture such as machines, automobiles, trains, plains, engines, and the like. Threaded fasteners may be bolts, screws, studs, rods, or other substantially round members having uniform, non-uniform or tapered external helical threads that are screwably engaged into mating threaded fasteners such as nuts, bolts or holes having substantially matching internal helical threads. For proper 15 engagement of the externally and internally threaded fasteners, the longitudinal axis of the externally threaded member must be substantially collinear with the longitudinal axis of the mating internally threaded member. When the externally threaded member is not substantially collinear with the internally threaded member, cross-threading *occurs.

Cross-threading generally occurs wheh there is a misalignment between the externally threaded member, typically a screw or bolt, and the internally threaded *o member, typically a nut or other threaded hole. Specifically, cross-threading is the result of the threads of the two members attempting to engage at least one half pitch out of alignment. When this situation happens, the two members are not collinear with each other and wedging of the threads will occur as the threaded helixes are rotated against each other. If rotation continues, then threads on one or both imembers will be structurally damaged.

French Patent Application 2 697 875, filed on November 10, 1992 in the name of Rgic Nationale des Usines Renault, discloses a screw with a cylindrical body and an ogive-shaped end wherein the thread extends continuously over the cylindrical body and the ogive-shaped end.

What is needed is a fastener that prevents cross-threading when an externally threaded m~ember engages anl internally threaded member.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to prevent cross-threading when an externally threaded member engages an internally (hreaded member.

(I

2 In a first aspect, the present invention provides an anti-cross threading fastener, comprising: a substantially round shank member having first and second ends and a continuous helix comprised of a plurality of threads around a circumference of said shank member, the plurality of threads being adapted to mate with corresponding threads of a receiving member; at least one thread of the plurality of threads proximate the first end of said shank member and having an outside diameter and a surface; the remaining plurality of threads having a major diameter; and the outside diameter of the at least one thread is smaller than the major diameter of the remaining plurality of threads, and the surface of the at least one thread approximates a shape defined by a curve extending from a curve forming the minor diameter to about the pitch diameter of the remaining plurality of threads.

In another aspect, the present invention provides an anti-cross threading fastener, comprising: a substantially round shank member having first and second ends and a continuous helix comprised of a plurality of threads around a circumference of said shank member, the plurality of threads being adapted to mate with corresponding threads of a •."receiving member; at least one thread of the plurality of threads proximate the first end of said shank member and having an outside diameter; the remaining plurality of threads having a major diameter, wherein the remaining plurality of threads comprise a thread angle of about 60 degrees; and the outside diameter of the at least one thread is smaller than the major diameter of the remaining plurality of threads, and the at least one thread has a thread angle of greater than about 60 degrees.

In another aspect, the present invention provides an anti-cross threading fastener, comprising: a substantially round shank member having first and second ends and a continuous helix comprised of a plurality of threads around a circumference of said shank member, the plurality of threads having a constant minor diameter and the plurality of threads being adapted to mate with corresponding threads of a receiving member; at least one thread of the plurality of threads proximate the first end of said shank member and having an outside diameter and a surface; the remaining plurality of threads having a major diameter; and [R:\LIBLLI0918 doc:vip the outside diameter of the at least one thread is smaller than the major diameter of the remaining plurality of threads, and the surface of the at least one thread is smoothly curved and approximates a shape defined by a curve from the curve forming the minor diameter to the outside diameter.

In another aspect, the present invention provides an anti-cross threading fastener, comprising: a substantially round shank member having first and second ends and a continuous helix comprised of a plurality of threads around a circumference of said shank member, the plurality of threads having a constant minor diameter and the plurality of threads being adapted to mate with corresponding threads of a receiving member; at least one thread of the plurality of threads proximate the first end of said shank member and having an outside diameter and a surface; the remaining plurality of threads having a major diameter; and the outside diameter of the at least one thread is smaller than the major diameter S• 15 of the remaining plurality of threads, and the surface of the at least one thread is a curved shape approximated by at least one surface selected from flat and curved surfaces and has a profile which fits within a profile of a thread of the remaining plurality of threads.

.e IR\L[IBLLJ0918 .Ldocwjp In an embodiment of the present invention, a self alignmefht anti-cross threading fastener comprises a substantially round first member such as, for example, a bolt or screw, having an external helically wound thread on the shank of the first member. At one end of the first member shank is a head adapted to be engaged by a means for applying rotational torque. The head may be slotted to receive a flat, Phillips, Torx head and the like screwdriver blade, or may have a plurality of flat surfaces parallel with the longitudinal axis of the first member shank for receiving a wrench, socket or other means for rotationally engaging the head.

At the other end of the first member shank, the first preferably at least one helical thread has a transitionally curved surface from the minor diameter to the major diameter. The transitional curved surface of the first at least one helical thread of the first member is adapted to cam over the mating component threads of the second member when in a cross-threading position, thereby collinearly aligning the first and second members together.

In another embodiment of the invention, the end of the first member opposite "the head may have a protruding diameter feature, commonly referred to as a dog point.

o This protruding diameter feature restricts the range of presentation angles when the first o member is inserted into the second member. Thus, the inherent misalignment may be restricted so that the first at least one helical thread having the transitionally curved surface may easily cam over the mating component threads so as to rapidly bring the two members into the correct collinear alignment wherein the remaining threads of the first and second members rotationally engage to properly fasten as intended. The curved surface on the 285:hr-:MFF transitional threads may be formed by rolling the threads in a rolling die having a mirror image contour of the curved surface desired on the threads. The transitional thread curved surface may also be formed on the threads by cutting, burnishing, grinding, machining, polishing, laser, or any combination thereof.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, at the end of the first member opposite the head, the first preferably at least one external helical thread has a transitional curved surface, or any combination of curved and/or flat surfaces approximating the shape defined by the curved surface, from the curve forming the minor diameter to the localized major diameter. The major diameter being defined as the outermost point of the helical thread in any localized axial section. The thread surface of the first at least one transitional thread is thus adapted to cam over the mating component threads of the second member when in a cross threading condition, thereby collinearly aligning the first and second members together.

In another embodiment of the present invention, at the end of the first member 15 opposite the head, the first preferably at least one external helical thread has a truncated thread profile, approximating the shape formed by a radius drawn tangent to both thread S.:r flanks at their intersection with the curve forming the minor diameter. The minor diameter •••being defined as the innermost point of the helical thread in any localized axial section.

The peak of the truncated thread may be flat or curved and may be parallel to, or angled in relation to the screw thread axis. The thread surface of the first at least one transitional thread is thus adapted to cam over the mating component threads of the second member *when in a cross threading condition, thereby collinearly aligning the first and second members together.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, a self aligning, o 25 anti-cross-threading fastener comprises a nut or other threaded member, having a helically wound thread on the interior of the member. The first preferably at least one internal helical thread has a transitional curved surface, or any combination of curved and/or flat surfaces approximating the shape defined by the curved surface, from the curve forming the major diameter to the localized minor diameter. The minor diameter being defined as the innermost point of the helical thread in any localized axial section. The thread surface of the first at least one transitional thread is thus adapted to cam over the mating component threads of the second member when in a cross threading condition, thereby collinearly aligning the first and second members together. In another embodiment of the present invention, a self aligning, anti-cross-threading fastener comprises a nut or other threaded member, having helically wound threads on the interior of the member. The first preferably at least one internal helical thread has a truncated thread profile, approximating the shape formed by a radius drawn tangent to both thread flanks at their intersection with the curve forming the major diameter. The major diameter being defined as the outermost point of the helical thread in any localized axial section. The peak of the truncated thread may be flat or curved and may be parallel to, orangled in relation to the screw thread axis. The thread surface of the first at least one transitional thread is thus adapted to cam over the mating component threads of the second member when in a cross threading condition, thereby collinearly aligning the first and second members together.

,A preferred feature of the present invention is a transitional curved surface from the minor 15 diameter to the major diameter of the first at least one external thread of a first member, whereby the external thread surface area cams over the mating component threads of a second member and thereby collinearlv realins the first and second members together.

Another preferred feature of the present invention is a protruding diameter feature, commonly referred to as a dog point, for restricting the presentation engagement angle of 20 the two members.

Another preferred feature is a self aligning, anti-cross-threading fastener having helically wound threads on the interior of the fastener.

Another preferred feature is the transitional curved surface of at least one of the helical r' threads comprising any combination of curved and/or flat surfaces approximating the 25 shape defined by the curved surface, from the curve forming the major diameter to the localized minor diameter.

An advantage of the present invention is a reliable and simple way of preventing cross-threading of a threaded fastener.

Another advantage is quick and reliable collinear alignment of a threaded fastener when rotatably engaging the threaded. fastener by machine or unskilled labor.

Other and further objects, features and advantages will be apparent from the following description from the presently preferred embodiment of the invention, given for the purpose of disclosure and taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figures 1 A- 1D illustrate schematic elevational views of a preferred embodiment of the present invention at various stages of threading engagement; Figure 2 illustrates a schematic elevational view of external threads according to the present invention of Figures 1 A- 1iD; Figure 3 illustrates a schematic cross section elevational view of internal threads according to the present invention; Figure 4 illustrates a schematic cross section elevational view of another embodiment having internal threads according to the present invention; and 9 Figures 5A-5D illustrate various embodiments of the transitional curved surface of 15 ,the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 9r The present invention is an anti-cross threading fastener having a self alignment ~feature that is new, novel and non-obvious over the related technology. In the present •9*9 20 invention, when the opposing thread helixes address each other, there is a natural tendency to collinearly align their respective mating planes during rotation. By providing at least 9. 9 "one of the lead threads with a transitional curved surface feature from the minor diameter to the major diameter of the threads, any misalignment of the threads will cause the at least .io one lead thread surface to cam over the mating component thread and thus realign. The 25 initial presentation angle of the mating component threads may be restricted and thereby reduce the misalignment angle by providing a protruding diameter feature before the transitional threads.

Referring now to the drawings, the details of the preferred embodiment of the invention are schematically illustrated. Like elements are numbered the same, and similar elements are represented by the same number and a different lower case letter suffix.

Referring now to Figures 1A-1D, schematic elevational views of the present invention at various stages of threading engagement are illustrated. A threaded fastener bolt is illustrated and generally designated by the reference numeral 10. The threaded bolt comprises a head 12 having flat faces 14, a threaded shank 16, and a protruding diameter opposite the head 12, commonly referred to as a dog point 18.

The head 12 is adapted to be engaged by a tool (not illustrated) for applying rotational torque to the bolt 10. A plurality of faces 14 on the head 12 provide flat surfaces adapted to receive and provide a non-slip surface for the tool such as a wrench, socket, pliers and the like. The head 12 may also be slotted to receive a screwdriver blade (flat, Phillips, Torx, etc.). It is the intent of the invention to encompass all adaptations for imparting rotational torque to the bolt 10. In addition, the invention may be utilized with any type of threaded fastener such as, for example, a bolt, screw, stud, rod or other substantially round member having a uniform, non-uniform or tapered external helical thread that can be screwably engaged into a mating member such as a nut, bolt or hole having a substantially matching internal helical thread. The mating member (nut illustrated in cross section) is generally represented by the numeral 22.

Figure 1A illustrates the initial installation of the bolt 10 and nut 22 at a maximum misalignment condition. The dog point 18 restricts the angular misalignment of the helical threads on the shank 16 and the nut 22. The dog point 18 is optional and may be absent for short bolts or shallow threaded holes with a blocked bottom. The dog point 18 diameter preferably may be 90 percent of the minor inside diameter of the nut 22 and 20 approximately one nominal size diameter of the shank 16 in length.

Figure 1B illustrates the relative angular position between the bolt 10 and nut 22 after an initial 360 degree rotation. As illustrated, the first and second transitional threads 24 are engaging the left mating threads (of the sectional view) of the nut 22 and the curved surfaces on the threads 24 cam over the right mating threads (of the sectional view) on the nut 22.

Figure 1C illustrates the engagement of the threads 24 with the mating threads of the nut 22 after two full rotations (720 degrees). It can be seen that the threaded helixes of the bolt 10 and nut 22 have forced their respective planes to align and the axis of both the bolt 10 and nut 22 to become collinear. As a result, the threads 20 are no longer positioned to become cross-threaded with the mating threads of the nut 22.

Figure 1D illustrates full and proper engagement of the bolt 10 and nut 22 in a correct collinear alignment so that there is no possibility that the threads 22 can wedge against the mating threads of the nut 22 to become cross-threaded. An advantage of the present invention is its ability to prevent cross-threading by unskilled workers or by automatic insertion and fastening machines that may be out of adjustment.

Referring now to Figure 2, a schematic elevational partial view of the threaded shank 16 of Figures lA-1D is illustrated. The shank 16 has threads such as standard machine threads and at least two transitional threads 24 toward the end of the shank 16 opposite the head 12. The dog point 18 is also illustrated but is not required for all configurations of the present invention. Three transitional threads 24a, 24b and 24c are illustrated. Only one transitional thread 24a is necessary for operation of the present invention, however, two or more threads 24 may also be used with equally good results.

The threads 24 have the same minor thread diameter as the other threads 20, but differ in that a curved surface is blended into the flanks of the threads 24. The curved surface of the threads 24 may be round, parabolic or any other curved shape that may be easily rolled when forming the threads 22, 24 on the shank 16 (see Figures 5A-5D). The o 15 outside diameter of the primary transition thread 24 preferably does not exceed the pitch diameter and may start anywhere from the first transition thread 24a inward (24b and 24c).

The outer diameter of the transition threads 24 are such as to allow them to easily cam over the first few inside threads of the nut 22 (Figure Once these transition threads 24 cam over during misalignment, the remaining external machine threads 20 are in substantially correct alignment with the mating internal threads of the nut 22 so that So cross-threading does not occur.

Referring now to Figure 3, a schematic cross section elevational view of a threaded "°"nut is illustrated. An opening 32 in the nut 36 has internal threads 30 and 34. The nut 36 comprises internal threads 30 which may be standard machine threads and at least one transitional thread 34 toward one end of the nut 36. Three transitional threads 34a, 34b and 34c are illustrated. Only one transitional thread 34a is necessary for operation of the present invention, however, two or more threads 34 may also be used with equally good results.

The threads 34 have the same major internal thread diameter as the other threads 30, but differ in that a transitional curved surface, and/or flat surfaces approximating the shape defined by the curved surface, is blended into the flanks of the threads 34. The curved surface of the threads 34 may be round, parabolic, and/or flat surfaces approximating the shape defined by the curved surface which may be easily rolled when forming the threads 30, 34 in the interior of the nut 36 (see Figures 5A-5D). The inner diameter of the primary transition thread 34 preferably does not exceed the pitch diameter and may start anywhere from the first transition thread 34a inward (34b and 34c). The inner diameter of the transition threads 34 are such as to allow them to easily cam over the j first few inside threads of a shank 16 (see, generally Figure Once these transition threads 24 cam over during misalignment, the remaining internal threads 30 are in substantially correct alignment with the mating external threads of the shank 16 so that cross-threading does not occur.

Referring now to Figure 4, a schematic cross section elevational view of another embodiment of a threaded nut is illustrated. An opening 42 in the nut 46 has internal threads 40 and 44. The nut 46 comprises internal threads 30 which may be standard machine threads and at least one transitional thread 44 toward both ends of the nut 36.

S.i *Three transitional threads 34a, 34b and 34c at each end of the nut 46 are illustrated. Only e 15 one transitional thread 34a is necessary for operation of the present invention, however, two or more threads 44 may also be used with equally good results. Operation of the nut *o•46 is substantially the same as disclosed above for the nut 36 except that nut 46 need not S.have a preferred anti-cross-threading end when engaging a shank (not illustrated). Thus, having to observe proper end orientation of the nut 46 is unimportant for operation of this embodiment of the present invention, or the nut 46 may be used as a coupling between two externally threaded rods, shanks, bolts and the like.

Referring now to Figures 5A-5D, various embodiments of the transitional curved surface of the present invention are illustrated. A typical machine thread is illustrated by *the dashed line 52 and the transitional curved thread of the present invention is illustrated by the solid line 54. The lead threads (external or internal), as disclosed above, have transitional curved surfaces. These transitional curved surfaces may be preferably implemented as follows: Figure 5A illustrates a smoothly curving profile for the transitional surface. Figure 5B illustrates an angled crest flat for the transitional surface.

Figure 5C illustrates aflat truncated crest for the transitional surface. Figure 5D illustrates a series of flats/curved surfaces approximating the transitional curved surface of Figure Many other embodiments of the transitional curved surface may be implemented and are contemplated herein The threads 20, 24 on shank 16 (Figure threads 30, 34 on nut 36 (Figure and threads 40, 44 on nut 46 (Figure 4) may be formed by rolling, cutting, burnishing, grinding, machining, polishing, laser or any combination thereof. A novel aspect of the present invention is the use of a special thread roll die having the desired curvature for the transitional threads as well as the machine threads to be formed on a blank tubular shank or internal opening in a nut. The special thread roll die may be used with a standard thread rolling machine to produce the novel features of the present invention. The special thread roll die has a mirror image of the desired threads 20, 24 so that when the blank shank is rolled to produce threads thereon, the desired curvature and radius on the transition threads are also produced. A threaded tap having a mirror image of the desired curvature transitional threads as well as the machine threads may be used to form the threads, as disclosed above, for the nut 36.

The present invention, therefore, is well adapted to carry out the objects and attain *the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as others inherent therein. While a presently e 15 preferred embodiment of the invention has been given for purposes of disclosure, numerous changes in the details of procedures for accomplishing the desired results, will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, and which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

*e*

Claims

1. An anti-cross threading fastener, comprising: a substantially round shank member having first and second ends and a continuous helix comprised of a plurality of threads around a circumference of said shank member, the plurality of threads being adapted to mate with corresponding threads of a receiving member; at least one thread of the plurality of threads proximate the first end of said shank member and having an outside diameter and a surface; the remaining plurality of threads having a major diameter; and the outside diameter of the at least one thread is smaller than the major diameter of the remaining plurality of threads, and the surface of the at least one thread approximates a shape defined by a curve extending from a curve forming the minor diameter to about the pitch diameter of the remaining plurality of threads.

2. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 1, wherein the surface of the "I s at least one thread comprises at least one flat surface.

3. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 1, wherein the surface of the at least one thread approximates a shape defined by a curve extending from a curve forming the minor diameter at a first side of the at least one thread to about the pitch diameter of the remaining plurality of threads, and from about the pitch diameter of the remaining plurality of threads to a curve forming the minor diameter at a second side of the at least one thread. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 3, wherein the surface of the at least one thread comprises two opposing flat surfaces. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 4, wherein the two opposing flat surfaces join at a pointed crest.

6. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 4, wherein the two opposing flat surfaces join at a rounded crest.

7. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 4, wherein the two opposing flat surfaces join at a flat crest.

8. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 1, further comprising a protruding diameter member attached to and collinear with the first end of said shank member.

9. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 8, wherein said protruding diameter member has a diameter that is equal to about 90 percent of a minor diameter of IR:\LIBLLO918 .doc:jip the plurality of threads and a length that is equal to about one diameter of said shank member. An anti-cross threading fastener, comprising: a substantially round shank member having first and second ends and a continuous helix comprised of a plurality of threads around a circumference of said shank member, the plurality of threads being adapted to mate with corresponding threads of a receiving member; at least one thread of the plurality of threads proximate the first end of said shank member and having an outside diameter; the remaining plurality of threads having a major diameter, wherein the o .remaining plurality of threads comprise a thread angle of about 60 degrees; and the outside diameter of the at least one thread is smaller than the major diameter of the remaining plurality of threads, and the at least one thread has a thread angle of greater than about 60 degrees. is 11. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 10, wherein the at least one thread transitions from a thread angle of greater than about 60 degrees into the remaining plurality of threads having a thread angle of about 60 degrees.

12. An anti-cross threading fastener, comprising: a substantially round shank member having first and second ends and a continuous helix comprised of a plurality of threads around a circumference of said shank member, the plurality of threads having a constant minor diameter and the plurality of •threads being adapted to mate with corresponding threads of a receiving member; at least one thread of the plurality of threads proximate the first end of said shank member and having an outside diameter and a surface; the remaining plurality of threads having a major diameter; and the outside diameter of the at least one thread is smaller than the major diameter of the remaining plurality of threads, and the surface of the at least one thread is smoothly curved and approximates a shape defined by a curve from the curve forming the minor diameter to the outside diameter.

13. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 12, wherein the surface of the at least one thread approximates a shape defined by a curve extending from a curve forming the minor diameter at a first side of the at least one thread, to the outside diameter, and from the outside diameter to a curve forming the minor diameter at a second side of the at least one thread. IR:\l.llI.L]09181 .doc:ip

14. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 12, wherein the outside diameter is about the pitch diameter of the remaining plurality of threads. An anti-cross threading fastener, comprising: a substantially round shank member having first and second ends and a continuous helix comprised of a plurality of threads around a circumference of said shank member, the plurality of threads having a constant minor diameter and the plurality of threads being adapted to mate with corresponding threads of a receiving member; at least one thread of the plurality of threads proximate the first end of said shank member and having an outside diameter and a surface; the remaining plurality of threads having a major diameter; and the outside diameter of the at least one thread is smaller than the major diameter of the remaining plurality of threads, and the surface of the at least one thread is a curved shape approximated by at least one surface selected from flat and curved surfaces and has a profile which fits within a profile of a thread of the remaining plurality of threads.

16. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 15, wherein the surface of the at least one thread is a curved shape approximated by two opposing flat surfaces.

17. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 15, wherein the two opposing flat surfaces join at a pointed crest.

18. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 15, wherein the two opposing flat surfaces join at a rounded crest.

19. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 15, wherein the two opposing flat surfaces join at a flat crest. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 15, wherein the remaining plurality of threads comprise standard machine threads having a thread angle of about degrees, and wherein the at least one thread has a thread angle of greater than about degrees.

21. The anti-cross threading fastener of claim 20, wherein the at least one thread transitions from a thread angle of greater than about 60 degrees into the remaining plurality of threads having a thread angle of about 60 degrees. Dated 3 February, 2000 Michael A Garver Jerry J Goodwin Anthony L Snoddy Patent Attorneys for the Applicants/Nominated Persons SPRUSON FERGUSON IR:\l~IBLLIO9181 doc:vjp