AU730653B2 - Method for preparing alpha-chloroboronic acids from mannitol - Google Patents
Method for preparing alpha-chloroboronic acids from mannitol Download PDFInfo
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- AU730653B2 AU730653B2 AU37189/97A AU3718997A AU730653B2 AU 730653 B2 AU730653 B2 AU 730653B2 AU 37189/97 A AU37189/97 A AU 37189/97A AU 3718997 A AU3718997 A AU 3718997A AU 730653 B2 AU730653 B2 AU 730653B2
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- pinacol
- diol
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 11
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 title description 4
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- IVDFJHOHABJVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinacol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(C)(C)O IVDFJHOHABJVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000000180 1,2-diols Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- MOILFCKRQFQVFS-BDNRQGISSA-N (1r,3s,4r,5r)-4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-3,4-diol Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@]2(O)C MOILFCKRQFQVFS-BDNRQGISSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- FEJUGLKDZJDVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Substances C1CCC2CCCC1B2 FEJUGLKDZJDVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QWOJMRHUQHTCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC([CH2-])=O Chemical group CC([CH2-])=O QWOJMRHUQHTCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UYPYRKYUKCHHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)[O-] UYPYRKYUKCHHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AMKGKYQBASDDJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9$l^{2}-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound C1CCC2CCCC1[B]2 AMKGKYQBASDDJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108010075065 acetylphenylalanyl-prolyl-boroarginine Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FXFYPTZERULUBS-SQNIBIBYSA-N Ac-(D)Phe-Pro-boroArg-OH Chemical compound C([C@@H](NC(=O)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)B(O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FXFYPTZERULUBS-SQNIBIBYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000004400 Aminopeptidases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000915 Aminopeptidases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000012359 Methanesulfonyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 cyclic boronates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XNYOSXARXANYPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylborane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1BC1CCCCC1 XNYOSXARXANYPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 4
- GRGCWBWNLSTIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(Cl)(=O)=O GRGCWBWNLSTIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl monoether Natural products COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-non-5-ene Chemical compound C1CCN=C2CCCN21 SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXJFQNUWPUICNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiamylborane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)BC(C)C(C)C HXJFQNUWPUICNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011905 homologation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound [Li+].C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IZDROVVXIHRYMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonic anhydride Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OS(C)(=O)=O IZDROVVXIHRYMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- PDVFSPNIEOYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 PDVFSPNIEOYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDAJYNHGBUXIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C(Cl)=C1Cl JDAJYNHGBUXIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AABCIIVNRRHNGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C(C)=C1C AABCIIVNRRHNGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQODWTNHDKDHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C1Cl PQODWTNHDKDHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUNHYCUCWBMXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C1C VUNHYCUCWBMXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHTJAPODJVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-benzothiophen-5-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1C1=CC=C(SC=C2)C2=C1 YFTHTJAPODJVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXXDEUVNCPNSFS-MRVPVSSYSA-N 2-[(1s)-1,4-dichlorobutyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane Chemical compound CC1(C)OB([C@H](Cl)CCCCl)OC1(C)C GXXDEUVNCPNSFS-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMVZDSQHLDGKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1S(Cl)(=O)=O KMVZDSQHLDGKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-dioxole Chemical compound C1OOC=C1 XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compound IV Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006219 Matteson homologation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019020 PtO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJBGQVPLRFIVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]C(Cl)Cl Chemical compound [Li]C(Cl)Cl XJBGQVPLRFIVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N adams's catalyst Chemical compound O=[Pt]=O YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HOPRXXXSABQWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous collidine Natural products CC1=CC=NC(C)=C1C HOPRXXXSABQWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CSKNSYBAZOQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CSKNSYBAZOQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLOKLTNEIRENLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylboronic acid;ethane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCCO.OB(O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 PLOKLTNEIRENLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCQRPQCQMGVWIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;methylsulfanylmethane Chemical compound [B].CSC MCQRPQCQMGVWIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005621 boronate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJZNZOXALZKPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-methyl-diphenylsilane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](Cl)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 OJZNZOXALZKPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTBIMNXEDGNJFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N collidine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=N1 UTBIMNXEDGNJFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HPYNZHMRTTWQTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=CN=C1C HPYNZHMRTTWQTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IUBQJLUDMLPAGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([K])[Si](C)(C)C IUBQJLUDMLPAGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BBFCIBZLAVOLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;bromide Chemical compound Br.C1=CC=NC=C1 BBFCIBZLAVOLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFYHSKONPJXCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sym-collidine Natural products CC1=CN=C(C)C(C)=C1 GFYHSKONPJXCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/025—Boronic and borinic acid compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 Title METHOD FOR PREPARING a-CHLOROBORONIC ACIDS FROM MANNITOL Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to processes for the preparation of a-chloroboronic acids from mannitol, such a-chloroboronic acids being useful as intermediates for the synthesis of aminopeptidase inhibitors.
Background of the Invention Aminopeptidases are a group of metalloenzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the NH2-terminal peptide bonds in polypeptides. A number of effective inhibitors have been reported for aminopeptidases B. Shenvi, Biochemistry 1986, 25, 1286). A number of a-aminoboronic acids DuP 714) and their derivatives have been reported as effective inhibitors for aminopeptidases by acting as "transition-state analogues." NH HCI H2NW
B(OH)
2 H
NO
NHOAc DuP 714 DuP 714 and its derivatives were first prepared (Wityak et al, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3717) using procedures developed by Matteson et al Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 5241). The Matteson protocol is used to prepare a-amino or a-amido-boronic acids by assymetric homologation of ethylene glycol benzylboronate.
Wityak et al incorporated this technique using pinanediol 1-(3-bromopropyl)boronate as the starting material to make an a-amino-boronic acid which was used in the synthesis of DuP 714. Homologation occured upon assymetric addition of (dichloromethyl)lithium to produce (B) and the chloride was displaced by nitrogen upon addition of lithiohexamethyldisilazane (KHDMS). This process uses expensive raw materials, low temperatures, and unfortunately requires difficult isolation and purification steps.
WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 Br Bo 1) CHCI2Li, ZnC 2
B
THF, -20 °C
CI
A B 2) KHMDS, THF 9 3) HCI-dioxane
NH
2
-HCI
C
Hoffmann et al (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1986, 25(2), 189-190) described the assymetric synthesis of c-chloro-(E)crotylboronate esters via allyl rearrangement. Contacting pinacol 1-(3'-(S)-trimethylsiloxy)-butenylboronate with thionyl chloride in petroleum ether formed pinacol a-chloro- (E)-crotylboronate in 75% yield. Unfortunately, pinacol E cannot easily be manipulated to form a compound useful for the synthesis of DuP 714.
P SOC12 P 2 OSiMe 3 pet. ether CI OSiMes CI D
E
It is therefore desirable to find less expensive and simpler synthetic procedures for production of achloroboronic acids and their corresponding a-aminoboronic acids, which can be used as intermediates to form compounds such as DuP 714. Such procedures preferably should use readily available and inexpensive raw materials.
Summary of the Invention Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide a novel process for making a-chloroboronic acids.
Another object of the present invention is to provide novel a-chloroboronic acids of Formula I shown below.
2 WO 98/01453 PCTIUS97/11324 These and other objects, which will become apparent during the following detailed description, have been achieved by the inventors' discovery that compounds of Formula I, 5 R
I
wherein X is a leaving group selected from the group Br, Cl, TsO, MsO, and TfO and R is a 1,2-diol, are formed by a process, comprising: contacting a compound of Formula II:
II
with a dialkyl borane, oxidizing the resulting borane and, transesterifying the resulting boronate with a 1,2-diol to form a boronate of Formula III;
R
III
contacting a boronate of Formula III with an acidic medium to remove the acetonide protecting group and converting the resulting terminal alcohol to a leaving group to form a compound of Formula IV; R1 0B
OR
2
IV
wherein R 1 is selected from the group Ts, Ms, and Tf, and R 2 is H; and, contacting a compound of Formula IV with SOC1 2 in a suitable solvent to form a compound of Formula I.
WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 Detailed Description of the Invention Thus, in a first embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the synthesis of a-chloroboronic acids of Formula I:
I
wherein X is a leaving group selected from the group Br, Cl, TsO, MsO, and TfO and R is a 1,2-diol, comprising: contacting a boronate of Formula III; 100
R
III
with an acidic medium to remove the acetonide protecting group and converting the resulting terminal alcohol to a leaving group to form a compound of Formula IV;
OR
2
R
IV
wherein R 1 is selected from the group Ts, Ms, and Tf, and R 2 is H; and, contacting a compound of Formula IV with SOC1 2 in a suitable solvent to form a compound of Formula I.
In a preferred embodiment, the compound of Formula III is formed by a process, comprising: contacting a compound of Formula II:
II
with a dialkyl borane, oxidizing the resulting borane and, transesterifying the resulting boronate with a 1,2-diol to form a boronate of Formula III.
WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 In a more preferred embodiment, in step the dialkyl borane is selected from (c-C 6
H
11 2 BH, Disiamylborane, and 9-
BBN.
In another more preferred embodiment, the 1,2-diol is selected from catechol, pinacol and pinanediol.
In an even more preferred embodiment, the 1,2-diol is pinacol.
In another more preferred embodiment, in step (a) trimethylamine-N-oxide is used as the oxidizing agent.
In another preferred embodiment, a compound of Formula I wherein X is other than a halogen is converted to a compound of Formula I wherein X is Cl by a process, comprising: contacting a compound of Formula I with pyridine- HC1.
In a more preferred embodiment, step is performed by direct addition of pyridine-HCl to the reaction mixture resulting from step In another preferred embodiment, steps and are combined in one pot to form a compound of Formula I wherein X is Cl.
In another preferred embodiment, a compound of Formula I is converted to a compound of Formula V;
R
V
by a process, comprising: hydrogenating a compound Formula I.
WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 [11] In another more preferred embodiment, in step ethyl acetate is used as solvent and PtO 2 as catalyst.
[12] In another preferred embodiment, in step the acidic medium comprises methanol and trimethylchlorosilane, and R 1 is Ts.
[13] In another more preferred embodiment, in step (c) petroleum ether is used as solvent.
[14] In a second embodiment, the present invention provides novel compounds of Formula I:
I
wherein X is a leaving group selected from the group Cl, Br, TsO, MsO, and TfO and R is a diol selected from catechol, pinacol and pinanediol.
In another preferred embodiment, R is pinacol or pinanediol.
[16] In another more preferred embodiment, R is pinacol.
[17] In an even more preferred embodiment, X is Cl.
[18] In an even more preferred embodiment, X is TsO.
[19] In an even more preferred embodiment, X is Br.
A 1,2-diol, as used herein, is a 1,2-dihydroxy compound capable of esterifying a borate and/or a boronate to form a five-membered cyclic boronate. One of skill in the art would recognize a wide variety of 1,2-dihydroxy compounds are capable of forming cyclic boronates. As used herein, a 1,2diol is intended to encompass both alkyl and aryl diols.
Examples of diols include, but are not intended to be limited to, ethylene glycol, catechol, pinacol and pinanediol.
WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 A dialkyl borane as used herein is any dialkyl borane
(R'
2 BH) which will react with the alkyne of Formula II to form to form a compound which can then be oxidized, and if necessary transesterified, to form a compound of Formula III.
Examples dialkyl boranes, include but are not intended to be limited to, 9-BBN, disiamylborane, and dicyclohexylborane, preferably dicyclohexylborane. Additional examples can be found in Pelter, Smith, Brown, Borane Reagents, pp. 179-193.
A reagent suitable to convert a hydroxyl group to a leaving group can be selected from a variety of such reagents as will be appreciated by one of skill in the art of organic synthesis. For example, such reagents may be selected from, but are not intended to be limited to, benzenesulfonyl chloride, dimethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride, trimethylbenzene sulfonyl chloride, chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, trichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TsC1), ptoluenesulfonic anhydride (TsOTs), methanesulfonyl chloride (MsC1), methanesulfonic anhydride (MsOMs), trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride (TfCl), and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (TfOTf).
The present invention is contemplated to be practiced on at least a multigram scale, kilogram scale, multikilogram scale, or industrial scale. Multigram scale, as used herein, is preferably the scale wherein at least one starting material is present in 10 grams or more, more preferably at least 50 grams or more, even more preferably at least 100 grams or more. Multikilogram scale, as used herein, is intended to mean the scale wherein more than one kilogram of at least one starting material is used. Industrial scale as used herein is intended to mean a scale which is other than a laboratory scale and which is sufficient to supply product sufficient for either clinical tests or distribution to consumers.
Synthesis By way of example and without limitation, the present invention may be further understood by Scheme 1. This scheme WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 details the general synthetic method for preparation of compounds of Formula I from compounds of Formulae II and III.
Scheme 1 0b R l B R III Iv B R
B
R
R
v Step a: The starting alkyne (II) is derived from mannitol using the procedure of Jiang, Ma, P. Synthetic Communications 1995, 25, 3641. Alkyne II can be converted to III by addition of a dialkylborane, followed by oxidation of the resulting alkenylborane, and finally transesterification of the resulting boronate with an appropriate diol (see R. W.
Hoffmann, R. Dresley, S. Synthesis 1988, 103-105). The dialkylborane used can be selected from any dialkylborane
(R
2 BH) such as 9-BBN (9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) and dicyclohexylborane, preferably dicyclohexylborane. The oxidation is preferably performed using about 1, 1.5, 2, or more equivalents of trimethylamine-N-oxide, more preferably about 2 equivalents are used. The diol used is preferably selected from pinacol, pinanediol, and catechol, more preferably pinacol. Solvents useful for this reaction include 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), DMSO, and CH 2 C1 2 preferably DME. The yield obtained is preferably at least 80%, more preferably 85%, even more preferably 90%, and even still more preferably 95%. The reaction is exothermic and is preferably run at the reflux point of the solvent used.
WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 Step b: The acetonide protecting.group can be removed by contacting a compound of formula III with an acidic medium, Preferably an alcohol and a silane are used. Examples of alcohols include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Examples of silanes include, but are not limited to, trimethylchlorosilane and diphenylmethylchlorosilane. Preferably methanol and trimethylchlorosilane are used in combination. The deprotection is preferably run at ambient temperature and can be monitored using standard TLC techniques. Other deprotection methods can be used, see for example T. W. Green P. G. M. Wuts, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis 2nd ed, pp. 125-126 (1991) Removal of the acetonide protecting group leaves two hydroxy groups, a terminal alcohol and a secondary alcohol.
Compound IV can then be formed by converting the terminal alcohol into a leaving group by reaction with an alcohol leaving group forming compound. Preferably from 1-10, more preferably from 1-2 equivalents of alcohol leaving group forming compound are used. Examples of an alcohol leaving group forming compound include, but are not limited to, ptoluenesulfonyl chloride (TsC1), p-toluenesulfonic anhydride (TsOTs), methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl), methanesulfonic anhydride (MsOMs), trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride (TfCl), and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (TfOTf). A base can be used to drive the reaction. Examples of bases include, but are not limited to, triethylamine, DMAP (4dimethylaminopyridine), DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7ene), DBN (1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene), pyridine, collidine, and lutidine. Preferably pyridine is used.
Preferably this reaction is run from about -10 to 25 more preferably about O'C. Reaction times may vary depending on choice of reagents, but are preferably from about 4-30 hours, more preferably from 8-24 hours. Aprotic solvents such as ethers dimethyl ether and diethyl ether), dichloromethane, chloroform or benzene are preferably used.
The overall yield obtained from this step is preferably at WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 least 80%, more preferably 85%, even more preferably 90%, and even still more preferably Steip c: Conversion of IV to I involves a rearrangement which is effected using thionyl chloride. Optionally a catalytic amount of a catalyst such as Co(N03) 2 can be added to the reaction. As solvent, preferably an ether selected from dimethyl ether, diethyl ether or petroleum ether, toluene, benzene, and methylene chloride, more preferably petroleum ether is used. The rearrangement is preferably run at from 0-25"C, more preferably ambient temperature. The selectivity of the reaction is preferably at least 20:1, more preferably at least 25:1, and even more preferably at least 26:1 of desired isomer versus undesired isomer. The yield obtained is preferably at least 80%, more preferably 85%, even more preferably 90%, and even still more preferably Step d(not shown in Scheme 1): Conversion of compounds wherein X is other than a halogen to compounds wherein X is C1 can be carried out by treatment with pyridine-HCl at ambient temperature. Nonnucleophilic solvents like those defined in Step c are generally useful. The reaction is preferably run at ambient temperature for from about 1-10 hours, more preferably about hours. Preferably this step is run after Step c, but before removal of the solvent used in Step c. Thus, loss of product and need for additional solvent can be minimized.
Similarily, when X is other than a halogen, conversion to compounds wherein X is Br can be obtained using pyridine- HBr.
Step e: Hydrogenation of I to V can be achieved using a catalyst, hydrogen gas and a solvent. Examples of catalysts include, but are not limited to, Pd/C, PtO 2 and Ra-Ni, preferably Pt0 2 Preferably the solvent is selected from ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate, more preferably ethyl WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 acetate. This step is preferably performed at room temperature.
The a-chloro group of a compound of Formula V can be converted to an amino group as described for conversion of compound B to C in the Background of this application by using lithium hexamethyldisilazide). One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize how to further convert this amino compound to DuP 714 based on the description provided by Wityak et al, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3717.
One-pot conversion of III to I, wherein X is Cl, can be achieved by combining the deprotection and leaving group formation procedures of Step b and the rearrangement protocol of Step c. This one-pot reaction can be advantageous as it minimizes repeated isolation steps which saves time and solvents and limits product loss during isolation. Since use of thionyl chloride produces HC1 and pyridine can be used as base in Step b, pyridine-HCl is expected to be present in the one-pot conversion and the end product contains X as Cl. If this is desirable, one can minimize solvents, time, and loss of product by using this one-pot procedure.
Other features of the invention will become apparent in the course of the following descriptions of exemplary embodiments which are given for illustration fo the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of [S-(E)]-2-[2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3dioxolan-4-yl)ethenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2dioxaborolane To a solution of 50 mmol (10M, 5mL) of dimethylsulfideborane complex in 60mL of DME under N 2 at 0°C was added cyclohexene (8.2g, 10.lmL, 100 mmol). After 15 minutes, the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction was again cooled down to 0°C, and ethynyl-2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolane (5.5 g (50 mmol) was WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 added. After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, trimethylamine N-oxide (7.5 g, 100 mmol) was dropwise added at a rate keeping the reaction under gentle reflux. After the addition, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and pinacol (5.9 g, 50 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, filtered, and was concentrated at reduced pressure. The residue was distilled (175 0 C, 0.5mm Hg, 90%) to afford the title compound (11 g) as a colorless oil: 255.3.
EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of [S-(E)]-2-hydroxy-4-(4,4,5,5tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3-butenyl 4methylbenzenesulfonate To a solution of [S-(E)]-2-[2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3dioxolan-4-yl)ethenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2dioxaborolane (4.8 g 20 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added trimethylchlorosilane (523 pI 4 mmol) at r.t. for 1 h. The reaction was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure.
The residue was washed with 10 mL of hexane/ether (10/1) and dried to afford 3.7 g solid diol intermediate.
To a solution of diol intermediate (392 mg 2 mmol) in mL of dichloromethane containing pyridine (154 g1, 2 mmol) at 0°C was added p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (390 mg, 2.05 mmol) after stirring for 1.5 h, the reaction was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with mL of ethylacetate/hexane and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and yielded the title compound (736.5 mg) as a colorless oil: 369.1.
EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of [S-(E)]-4-chloro-4-(4,4,5,5tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2-butenyl 4methylbenzenesulfonate To a solution of [S-(E)]-2-hydroxy-4-(4,4,5,5tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3-butenyl 4methylbenzenesulfonate (736 mg, 2 mmol) and catalytic amount WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 of Co(NO 3 2 hexahydrate in petroleum ether (15mL) at room temperature was added SOC12 (162 gL, 2 mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give desired the title compound as a colorless oil.
EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of [S-(E)]-2-(1,4-dichloro-2-butenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane To a solution of [S-(E)]-2-hydroxy-4-(4,4,5,5tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3-butenyl 4methylbenzenesulfonate (3.68g, 10 mmol) and catalytic amount of Co(N0 3 )2 hexahydrate in petroleum ether (250 mL) at r.t.
was added SOC1 2 (900 gL, 12 mmol). The reaction was stirred at r.t. for 3 h before of pyridine hydrochloride (1.4 g, 12 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for additional 3 h, and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to the title compound as colorless oil: [M+NH4] 268.
The product was directly reacted in Example 6 without further purification.
EXAMPLE Preparation of [S-(E)]-2-(1,4-dichloro-2-butenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane To a solution of [S-(E)]-4-chloro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2-butenyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate in pet-ether was added pyridine-HCl (1.2 eq) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound as a colorless oil: [M+NH4] 268.
EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of (S)-2-(1,4-dichlorobutyl)-4,4,5,5tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 A solution of [S-(E)]-2-(l,4-dichloro-2-butenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetetramethyl-,3,2-dioxaborolane from step 3a in ethylacetate (15 mL) was hydrogenated with L00 mg of PtO2 under 70 psi H2 pressure for 3 h. The product was isolated by distillation (70'C, 0.05 mm Hg) to afford the title compound (1.5 g)as a colorless oil: [M+NH4]+ 270.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise that as specifically described herein.
o o S" Where the terms "comprise", "comprises", "comprised" or "comprising" are used in this specification, they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or components referred to, but S not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other feature, integer, step, component or group thereof.
*e *0 g 555
Claims (19)
1. A process for the synthesis of a-chloroboronic acids of Formula I: R I wherein X is a leaving group selected from the group Br, Cl, TsO, MsO, and TfO and R is a 1,2-diol, comprising: contacting a boronate of Formula III; *R III S 10 with an acidic medium to remove the acetonide protecting group and converting the resulting terminal alcohol to a leaving group to form a compound of Formula IV; *2 :R 2 B' IV wherein R 1 is selected from the group Ts, Ms, and Tf, and R 2 ck10289jan5.speci is H; contacting a compound of Formula IV with SOCl 2 in a suitable solvent to form a compound of Formula I; and, optionally, treating the compound of Formula I from with HCl-pyridine or HBr-pyridine, to obtain a compound of Formula 1 wherein X is Cl or Br respectively.
2. A process according to Claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula III is formed by a process, comprising: contacting a compound of Formula II: II with a dialkyl borane, oxidizing the resulting borane and, transesterifying the resulting boronate with a diol to form a boronate of Formula III.
3. A process according to Claim 2, wherein in step the dialkyl borane is selected from (c-C 6 H, 1 )2BH and 9-BBN.
4. A process according to Claim 2, wherein the 1,2-diol is selected from catechol, pinacol and pinanediol.
A process according to Claim 2, wherein the 1,2-diol is pinacol.
6. A process according to Claim 2, wherein in step (a) trimethylamine-N-oxide is used as the oxidizing agent. .i 1
7. A process according to Claim 1 wherein in step the treatment is with HCl-pyridine.
8. A process according to Claim 7, wherein step is performed by direct addition of pyridine-HC1 to the reaction mixture resulting from step
9. A process according to Claim 1, wherein steps and (c) are combined in one pot to form a compound of Formula I wherein X is Cl.
A process according to Claim 1, wherein a compound of Formula 1 is converted to a compound of Formula V; V by a process, comprising: WO 98/01453 PCT/US97/11324 hydrogenating a compound Formula I.
11. A process according to Claim 10, wherein in step (e) ethyl acetate is used as solvent and PtO 2 as catalyst.
12. A process according to Claim 1, wherein in step the acidic medium comprises methanol and trimethylchlorosilane, and R 1 is Ts.
13. A process according to Claim 12, wherein in step (c) petroleum ether is used as solvent.
14. A compound of Formula I: R wherein X is a leaving group TsO, MsO, and TfO and R is a pinacol and pinanediol.
15. A compound according to or pinanediol.
16. A compound according to
17. A compound according to
18. A compound according to
19. A compound according to selected from the group Cl, Br, diol selected from catechol, Claim 14, Claim Claim Claim Claim 15, 15, 15, 15, wherein R is pinacol wherein R is pinacol. wherein X is Cl. wherein X is TsO. wherein X is Br.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US2131996P | 1996-07-08 | 1996-07-08 | |
US60/021319 | 1996-07-08 | ||
PCT/US1997/011324 WO1998001453A1 (en) | 1996-07-08 | 1997-06-30 | METHOD FOR PREPARING α-CHLOROBORONIC ACIDS FROM MANNITOL |
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AU730653B2 true AU730653B2 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
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AU37189/97A Ceased AU730653B2 (en) | 1996-07-08 | 1997-06-30 | Method for preparing alpha-chloroboronic acids from mannitol |
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EP (1) | EP0912581A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000514439A (en) |
AU (1) | AU730653B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2259572A1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ333776A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998001453A1 (en) |
-
1997
- 1997-06-30 JP JP10505248A patent/JP2000514439A/en active Pending
- 1997-06-30 AU AU37189/97A patent/AU730653B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-06-30 NZ NZ333776A patent/NZ333776A/en unknown
- 1997-06-30 EP EP97934027A patent/EP0912581A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-06-30 CA CA 2259572 patent/CA2259572A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-30 WO PCT/US1997/011324 patent/WO1998001453A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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EP0912581A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
AU3718997A (en) | 1998-02-02 |
NZ333776A (en) | 2000-07-28 |
CA2259572A1 (en) | 1998-01-15 |
JP2000514439A (en) | 2000-10-31 |
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