AU696809B2 - Improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly for railway car truck bolster bowl - Google Patents
Improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly for railway car truck bolster bowl Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU696809B2 AU696809B2 AU20331/95A AU2033195A AU696809B2 AU 696809 B2 AU696809 B2 AU 696809B2 AU 20331/95 A AU20331/95 A AU 20331/95A AU 2033195 A AU2033195 A AU 2033195A AU 696809 B2 AU696809 B2 AU 696809B2
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- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- liner assembly
- lubricating
- wear
- bottom plate
- predetermined
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Rotary Pumps (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Description
IMPROVED COMBINATION WEAR AND LUBRICATING LINER ASSEMBLY FOR RAILWAY CAR TRUCK BOLSTER BOWL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates, in general, to wear liner components and lubrication of railway car truck bolster centre bowls and, more particularly, this invention relates to a combination wear and lubricating liner assembly for use in such truck bolster centre bowls.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is very well recognised, by both maintenance and design engineers in the railway industry, that in order to negotiate the curves encountered in a track structure, during train operation, a rotatable connection must be provided between the railway car body portion and the railway truck portion. This connection is usually accomplished, in a standard railway car, by use of a centre plate member secured to the bottom of such car along the longitudinal centerline thereof and the bolster bowl disposed on the top of such railway truck. In an articulated coupling arrangement, however, 20 used to connect adjacent ends of a pair of railway cars together in a substantially semipermanent manner, this rotatable connection is accomplished between the female connection member and the bolster bowl.
Lubrication of such rotatable connections is 25 generally quite difficult to achieve and it is, also, even more difficult to maintain sufficient lubricant in place due to the very hostile environment encountered.
For example, during operation of a train consist in a rain storm, moisture may cause the lubricant being used to be washed out of such bolster bowl prematurely. Lack of lubrication in this critical area can cause undue r u ~ar frictional wear on the car components, thus adding to the repair and maintenance cost. Additionally, and of even more concern to the railroad industry, such lack of lubrication, in the most severe cases, may even lead to derailments occurring. Obviously, this may lead to injury or damage to lading being carried by the railroad thereby adding significantly to their cost of doing business.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention consists in an improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly for a bolster bowl disposed on an upper surface of a railway car truck, said combination wear and lubricating liner assembly comprising: a generally round cup-shaped wear liner assembly having a first predetermined outer diameter and a first predetermined inner diameter, said wear liner assembly including: S. a first generally round bottom plate S: 20 portion having a first predetermined o thickness, (ii) a first centrally disposed aperture, having a first predetermined diameter, formed through said first bottom plate 25 portion, and (iii)a first upstanding generally round wall portion, having said first predetermined thickness and a first predetermined height, connected at a bottom portion S 30 thereof to an outer perimeter of said first bottom plate portion; a lubricating liner assembly, said lubricating liner assembly including: 2
IV
I I a plurality of substantially flat solid lubricating material pieces each of said pieces being one of half-circular shaped and pie-shaped and having a bottom surface disposed adjacent and in contact with an upper surface of said first bottom plate portion of said wear liner assembly, and (ii) a vertically disposed ring-like substantially solid lubricating material, having a second predetermined height, an outer surface of said ring-like lubricating material disposed adjacent and in contact with an inner surface of said first upstanding wall portion of said wear liner assembly; a protective cover member having a second predetermined outer diameter and a second predetermined inner diameter, said protective cover member including: 20 a second generally round bottom plate portion, having a second predetermined thickness, a bottom surface of said second bottom plate portion being disposed adjacent and in contact with an 25 upper surface of each of said plurality of said substantially solid lubricating material pieces, (ii) a second centrally disposed aperture, having a second predetermined diameter, formed through said second bottom plate portion, (iii)a second upstanding generally round wall portion, having said second predetermined 3 -18 1 thickness and a third predetermined height, connected at a bottom portion thereof to an outer perimeter of said second bottom plate portion, and (iv) an annular lip-like portion connected adjacent an inner edge thereof to an upper edge of said second upstanding wall portion, said lip-like portion extending outwardly from said upper edge of said second upstanding wall portion and downwardly toward a top surface of such bolster bowl; and an annular space disposed between an inner surface of said ring-like lubricating material and an outer surface of said second upstanding wall portion, a width of said annular space being predetermined.
The present invention may preferably provide a combination wear and lubricating liner assembly which will reduce the required frequency of lubrication in the .e e 20 centre bowl of a railway car truck.
Preferably the present invention may provide an improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly which is relatively simple to install.
Preferably the present invention may provide an 25 improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly which can be used regardless of the coupling system used to connect adjacent ends of a pair of railway cars together.
S"Also, the present invention preferably may provide an improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly in which the lubricating liner is protected against moisture and/or debris coming into contact therewith.
bak Preferably the preisent .ilnvont i on may provitho cm improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly in which a polymer type solid lubricant can be effectively used.
Preferably the present invention may provide an improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly which has the potential to reduce derailments due to the car body centre plate sticking to the center bowl disposed on the truck bolster bowl.
Also, the present invention may preferably provide an improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly which can be readily produced in a variety of sizes.
The present invention may preferably provide an improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly in which the wear liner assembly and the protective cover member can be manufactured as a single piece stamping thereby providing savings in manufacturing e: cost.
20 Preferably the present invention may provide an improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly which can be easily retrofitted to existing railway car trucks disposed beneath the car body or an articulated o* coupling arrangement.
25 In addition to the various advantages of the improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly described above, various additional advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent to those persons who are skilled in the railway car maintenance art from the following more detailed description of the invention, particularly, when such description is taken in conjunction with the attached drawing Figures and with the appended claims.
-1 -111 BRIEF TDSRI*RPTION OF T
II
E DIRAWING; Figure 1 is a side elevalional view, pairtially in cross section, of a presently preferred embodiment of the instant invention; Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of a presently preferred wear liner assembly illustrated in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a top plan view of the presently preferred wear liner assembly illustrated in Figures 1 and 2; Figure 4 is a cross sectional view of the presently preferred protective cover member illustrated in Figure 1; Figure 5 is a top plan view of the presently preferred protective cover member illustrated in Figures 1 and 4; Figure 6 is a sectional view through the upstanding portion of the combination wear and lubricating liner assembly of this invention, which illustrates a presently preferred annular space disposed intermediate 20 the upstanding portions of the lubricating liner assembly and the protective cover member; "Figure 7 is a plan view which illustrates a pair of half-circular-shaped lubricating liner members disposed on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion of the 25 wear liner assembly; and Figure 8 is a plan view which illustrates a plurality of generally pie-shaped lubricating liner members disposed in a circular arrangement on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion of the wear liner assembly.
I I ~U~L~Lb L bd~ DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF TIHIE INVENTION Prior to proceeding to the more detailed description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the sake of clarity, identical components having identical functions, have been identified with identical reference numerals throughout the several views illustrated in the drawing Figures.
Now refer more particularly to Figures 1 through 5 of the drawings. Illustrated therein is one presently preferred embodiment of an improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, generally designated, 10 for use in providing a requisite amount of lubrication in a bolster bowl 12 disposed on an upper surface of a railway car truck (not shown).
As best seen in Figure 2, such combination wear and lubricating liner 10 includes a generally round cup-shaped wear liner assembly, generally designated, 20 having a first predetermined outer diameter and a first predetermined inner diameter. Such predetermined diameters being predicated on the inner diameter of such bolster bowl 12 and the outer diameter of the center plate portion (not shown) of a railway car or an articulated coupling center plate portion 14 which rides in the bolster bowl 12.
The wear liner assembly 20 includes a first generally round bottom plate portion 16 having a first predetermined thickness.
Formed through such first bottom plate portion 16 is a first centrally disposed aperture 18 having a first predetermined diameter. There is a first upstanding generally round wall plpll s~-rrm~- a~-arrmsa~r~--r- pt Ir portion 22 connected at a bottom portion thereof to an outer perimeter of such first bottom plate portion 16. The first upstanding wall portion 22 has a first predetermined height and is generally the same thickness as the first bottom plate portion 16.
Preferably, the height of such first upstanding wall portion 22 will be greater than the depth of such bolster bowl 12 to direct excess moisture to an area disposed between an outer surface of such wear liner assembly 20 and the inner surface of the bolster bowl 12.
Preferably, the first predetermined height of such first upstanding wall portion 22 is at least sufficient to enable an upper edge of such first upstanding wall portion 22 to extend above the upper surface of such bolster bowl 12. This enables any excess moisture and/or debris on this surface to be drained between the outer surface of the wear liner assembly 10 and the inner surface of bolster bowl 12. In addition, it is preferred that such first bottom plate portion 16 and the first upstanding wall portion 22 are formed as a single piece wear liner 20, such as, by stamping.
Another essential element of the combination wear and lubricating liner assembly 10 is a lubricating liner assembly, generally designated, 30. Such lubricating liner assembly includes at least one substantially flat solid lubricating material 24. A bottom surface of such solid lubricating material 24 is disposed adjacent and in contact with an upper surface of the bottom plate portion 16 of the wear liner assembly 20. Lubricating liner assembly 30 also includes a vertically disposed ring-like ~a I IIPI~ substantially solid lubricating material 26 having a second predetermined height. Preferably, the second predetermined height of such ring-like lubricating material 26 will be less than the first predetermined height of such first wall portion 22 of the wear liner assembly 20. An outer surface of such ring-like lubricating material 26 is disposed adjacent and in contact with a~i inner surface of the first upstanding wall portion 22 of the wear liner assembly Preferably, such solid lubricating material is a polymer type lubricant. When the lubricating lipe-.c assembly 30 has a single flat piece solid lubricating material 14, there will be a third central*y- disposed aperture formed therethrough. ~such third centrally disposed aperture has essentially the same diameter as such first predetermined diameter formed through the first bottom plate 16. Alternatively, a plurality o of flat solid lubricating material pieces may be used between the first bottom plate 16 and the second bottom plate 208. This provid~es the advantage that should the lubricating liner material be deformed it flow into the spaces between the plurality of pieces. The plurality of flat solid lubricating material pieces can be provided in any one of a variety of shapes, such as half-circular pieces qerierally pie-shaped pieces 30B, as illustrated in Fioiures 7and 8 rospectively for purposes of providing at least two examples. As should be readily aipparent, other shaped forms oould bo utilised if des ir'?d.
As best seen in Figure 4, the combination wear and lubricating liner assembly 10 further includes a protective cover member, generally designated, 40. Such protective cover member 40 has a second predetermined outer diameter and a second predetermined inner diameter. Such protective cover member 40 includes a second generally round plate portion 28 having a second predetermined thickness. A bottom surface of such second bottom plate portion 28 is disposed adjacent and, preferably, in slidable contact with an upper surface of such at least oi, substantially flat solid lubricating material 24. A second centrally disposed aperture 32, having a second predetermined diameter, is formed through the second bottom plate portion 28 of the protective cover member Connected at a bottom portion thereof to an outer perimeter of the second bottom plate portion 28 is a second upstanding and generally round wall portion 34. Such second wall portion 34 has a second predetermined thickness and a third predetermined height. The final essential element of such protective cover member 40 is an annular lip-like portion 36 which is connected adjacent an inner edge thereof to an upper edge of the second upstanding wall portion 34. Such annular lip-like portion 36 extends outwardly from the upper edge of such second upstanding wall portion 34 and downwardly towards a top surface of such bolster bowl 12. Preferably, the outer edge of the lip-like portion 36 will be in contact with such top surface of the bolster bowl 12. Preferably, the protective cover member 40 further includes a lip-like portion 48 which extends downwardly from the second bottom plate 28 adjacent the I- I second aperture 32 formed in bottom plate 28 for a predetermined distance. Such predetermined distance is, preferably, =xt least about 0.25 inches.
In the presently preferred embodiment of the invention, such bottom plate portion 28, the second upstanding wall portion 34 and such annular lip-like portion 36 are formed as a single piece protective cover member 40, such as, by stamping. Additionally, the third predetermined height of such second upstanding wall portion 34 of the protective cover member 40 will be greater than the first predetermined height of such first upstanding wall portion 22 of the wear liner assembly Finally, the combination wear and lubricating liner assembly preferably includes an annular space 38 disposed between an inner surface of such ring-like lubricating material 26 and the outer surface of such second upstanding wall portion 34 of protective cover member 40. The width of such annular space being predetermined. Such annular space disposed between the inner surface of such ring-like lubricating material 26 and the outer surface of such second upstanding wall portion 34 of the protective cover member 40 will be substantially between about 0.025 inches and about 0.095 inches.
According to the presently preferred embodiment of the invention, the combination wear and lubricating liner assembly further includes a radius portion 42 disposed between the outer perimeter of the first bottom plate portion 16 and the bottom edge portion of such first upstanding wall portion 22. Such radius portion 42 has a first predetermined radius which is, preferably, between about 0.03 inches and about 0.325 inches. Additionally, in this embodiment, another radius portion 44 is disposed between the outer perimeter of the second bottom plate portion 28 and a bottom edge portion of the second upstanding wall portion 34 of protective cover member 40. Radius portion 44 has a second predetermined radius which, preferably, is larger than the radius portion 42.
Combination wear and lubricating liner assembly 10 has another radius portion 46 disposed between the upper edge of the second upstanding wall portion 34 and an inner edge of the annular lip-like portion 36 of protective cover member 40. Radius portion 46 has a third predetermined radius which, preferably, is between about 0.15 inches and about 0.20 inches.
It is presently preferred that the first predetermined diameter of such first aperture 18 formed through the first bottom plate 16 will be greater than the second predetermined diameter of such second aperture 32 formed through the second bottom plate 28 and that the first predetermined thickness of such wear liner assembly 20 will be greater than the second predetermined thickness of such protective cover member 40. It is, generally, preferred that such first predetermined thickness is substantially between about 0.15 inches and about 0.125 inches with such second predetermined thickness being substantially between about 0.07 inches and about 0.08 inches.
While a number of presently preferred embodiments of the improved combination wear and lubricating liner have been described in detail above, it should be understood that various other adaptations and modifications to the invention can be made by those persons who are skilled in the railway art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
I I I -I
Claims (16)
1. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly for a bolster bowl disposed on an upper surface of a railway car truck, said combination wear and lubricating liner assembly comprising: a generally round cup-shaped wear liner assembly having a first predetermined outer diameter and a first predetermined inner diameter, said wear liner assembly including: a first generally round bottom plate portion having a first predetermined thickness, (ji) a first centrally disposed aperture, having a first predetermined diameter, formed through said first bottom plate portion, and (iii)a first upstanding generally round wall portion, 15 having said first predetermined thickness and a a first predetermined height, connected at a bottom portion thereof to an outer perimeter of said .e first bottom plate portion; a lubricating liner assembly, said lubricating liner assembly including: S. a plurality of substantially flat solid lubricating material pieces each of said pieces being one of half-circular shaped and pie- shaped and having a bottom surface disposed adjacent and in contact with an upper surface of I~ I II said first bottom plate portion of said wear liner assembly, and (ii) a vertically disposed ring-like substartially solid lubricating material, having a second predetermined height, an outer surface of said ring-like lubricating material disposed adjacent and in contact with an inner surface of said first upstanding wall portion of said wear liner assembly; a protective cover member having a second predetermined outer diameter and a second predetermined inner diameter, said protective cover member including: a second generally round bottom plate portion, having a second predetermined thickness, a 15 bottom surface of said second bottom plate portion being disposed adjacent and in contact with an upper surface of each of said plurality of said substantially solid lubricating material pieces, 20 (ii) a second centrally disposed aperture, having a second predetermined diameter, formed through said second bottom plate portion, (iii)a second upstanding generally round wall portion, having said second predetermined thickness and a third predetermined height, connected at a bottom portion thereof to an outer perimeter of s *i ,..lllirn~n B said second bottom plate portion, and (iv) an annular lip-like portion connected adjacent an inner edge thereof to an upper edge of said second upstanding wall portion, said lip-like portion extending outwardly from said upper edge of said second upstanding wall portion and downwardly toward a top surface of such bolster bowl; and an annular space disposed between an inner surface of said ring-like lubricating material and an outer surface of said second upstanding wall portion, a width of said annular space being predetermined.
2. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 1, wherein said combination wear 15 and lubricating liner assembly further includes a radius portion, having a first predetermined radius, disposed between said outer perimeter of said first bottom plate portion and said bottom portion of said first upstanding wall portion.
3. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner 20 assembly, according to claim 1, wherein said combination wear and lubricating liner assembly further includes a radius portion, having a second predetermined radius, disposed between said outer perimeter of said second bottom plate portion and said bottom portion of said second upstanding wall portion. I- I II I I
4. Ani improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 3, wherein said combination wear and lubricating liner assembly further includes a radius portion, having a third predetermined radius, disposed between said upper edge of said second upstanding wall portion and said inner edge of said annular lip-like portion. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 1, wherein said first predetermined diameter of said first aperture formed through said first bottom plate portion is greater than said second predetermined diameter formed through said second bottom plate portion.
6. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 5, wherein said protective cover member further includes a lip-like portion extending downwardly 15 from said second bottom plate portion adjacent said second aperture for a predetermined distance.
7. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 6, wherein said predetermined .o distance is at least about 0.25 inches.
8. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 1, wherein said first predetermined thickness of said wear liner assembly is greater than said second predetermined thickness of said protective cover member.
9. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of substantially flat lubricating liner material pieces comprise a pair of said half-circular lubricating liner materials. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of substantially flat lubricating liner material pieces comprise a plurality of said pie-shaped pieces disposed in a side-by- side, circular arrangement.
11. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 1, wherein said first bottom plate portion and said first upstanding wall portion of said wear liner assembly are formed as a single piece. *i e
12. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 11, wherein said second bottom plate portion, said second upstanding wall portion and said S. annular lip-like portion of said protective cover member are S. formed as a single piece.
13. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 1, wherein said f rst predetermined I-I height of said first upstanding wall portion is at least sufficient to enable an upper edge of said first upstanding wall portion to extend above such top surface of such bolster bowl.
14. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 13, wherein an outer edge of said annular lip-like portion contacts such top surface of such bolster bowl. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 1, wherein said annular space disposed between said inner surface of said ring-like lubricating material and said outer surface of said second upstanding wall portion is substdntially between about 0.025 inches and about 0.095 inches.
16. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner C. Ce 1. 5 assembly, according to claim i, wherein said first predetermined thickness is substantially between about 0.15 inches and about C *C r 0.125 inches. 9
17. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 16, wherein said second predetermined thickness is substantially between about inches and about 0.08 inches. inches and about 0.08 inches. 1i An improved co~mbination wear aind .1 br lcdti q l.inier a~semblIy, according to claim 1, wherein ,3aid tso lid 1 uN"icaLii q material is a lubricating polymer.
19. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 1, wherein said first predetermined height of said first upstanding wall portion is less than said third predetermined height of said second upstanding wall portion. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly, according to claim 19, wherein said first predetermined height of said first upstanding wall portion is greater than said second predetermined height of said ring-like lubricating material.
21. An improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly as hereinbefore described and with reference to the accompanying drawings. coos so Dated this twenty-seventh day of July 199% WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAIME COMPAN~Y by its Patent Attorneys CARTER, SMITH BEADLE ABSTRACT A wear and lubricating liner having a cup-shaped wear liner assembly which includes a first bottom plate portion. An aperture is formed centrally through such first bottom plate and a first upstanding wall portion is connected at a bottom thereof to an outer perimeter of such first bottom plate. A lubricating liner assembly having a plurality of substantially solid lubricating material pieces with a bottom surface each disposed adjacent and in contact with an upper surface of such bottom plate and a vertically disposed ring-like solid lubricating material. An outer surface of such ring-like lubricating material is disposed adjacent and in contact with an inner surface of such upstanding wall of the wear liner. A protective cover member includes a second bottom plate portion having a bottom surface disposed adjacent and in contact with an upper surface of such at least one solid lubricating material. Another aperture is formed centrally through such second bottom plate. A second upstanding wall portion, located on the protective cover, is connected at a bottom thereof to an outer perimeter of such second bottom plate and an annular lip-like portion is connected adjacent an inner edge thereof to an upper edge of such second upstanding wall. Such lip-like portion extends outwardly from such upper edge of the second upstanding wall and downwardly toward a top surface of such bolster bowl. A space is disposed between an inner surface of such ring-like lubricating material and an outer surface of such second upstanding wall. .I
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/372,779 US5558025A (en) | 1993-11-18 | 1995-01-13 | Combination wear and lubricating liner assembly for railway car truck bolster bowl |
| US372779 | 1995-01-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2033195A AU2033195A (en) | 1996-07-25 |
| AU696809B2 true AU696809B2 (en) | 1998-09-17 |
Family
ID=23469612
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU20331/95A Ceased AU696809B2 (en) | 1995-01-13 | 1995-05-26 | Improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly for railway car truck bolster bowl |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2937844B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU696809B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9504805A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2146624C (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA954706B (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU6890394A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1995-05-25 | Westinghouse Air Brake Company | Improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly for railway car truck bolster bowl |
-
1995
- 1995-04-07 CA CA 2146624 patent/CA2146624C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-26 AU AU20331/95A patent/AU696809B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-06-07 ZA ZA954706A patent/ZA954706B/en unknown
- 1995-10-10 BR BR9504805A patent/BR9504805A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-01-16 JP JP519396A patent/JP2937844B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU6890394A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1995-05-25 | Westinghouse Air Brake Company | Improved combination wear and lubricating liner assembly for railway car truck bolster bowl |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2146624C (en) | 1998-08-11 |
| CA2146624A1 (en) | 1996-07-14 |
| JPH08230669A (en) | 1996-09-10 |
| BR9504805A (en) | 1996-04-09 |
| AU2033195A (en) | 1996-07-25 |
| JP2937844B2 (en) | 1999-08-23 |
| ZA954706B (en) | 1996-05-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |