AU691718B2 - Golfing aid - Google Patents

Description

GOLFING AID

BACKGROUND OF THE INNENTION

This invention relates to a golfing aid for improving the capacity of a player to correctly execute the swing of a golf club.

A golf club during a swing should be maintained to move through an arc, starting at the address position (bottom of the stroke) and moving upwards during the backstroke to its top position and then downwards during the downswing to strike the golf ball and again upwards during the follow- through. This swing should be carried out with the club held firmly in the two hands of the player, with the player leaning forward and swinging his body during the major portion of the stroke to cause the head of the club to follow the correct arc. During this process the leading arm generally plays the role of acting as the guide for the path of the club so that the swing of the leading arm directs the path of the club, whereas the lagging arm plays a lesser role in maintaining the path of the golf club and a greater role in propelling the club.

During the swinging motion the club is turned about the axis of its shaft in one direction on the upward movement and in the reverse direction on the downward movement and it will thus be realised that it is highly important to be able to control not only the swing of the club in the arc, but also its rotation about the shaft axis as it moves through the arc in both the upward and downward swing. At the time that the head strikes the ball, the club must be accurately positioned to propel the ball in the required direction.

It has been long recognised that the swing of the golf club is one of the critical factors of a consistent performance, and a great deal of experimentation has taken place to analyse the faults of individual players and to provide an aid to assist in the improvement of a golf swing. A great number of devices have been constructed ranging from complex and large structures including robotic arms to assist in guiding the swing of the player, or hoops to guide the head of the golf club in the correct arc. Each of these methods and apparatuses are directed at certain aspects of the swing and assist to varying degrees in improving the swing.

Many of the larger, complex devices suffer the fault of inconvenience of use, a large requirement of storage space and also expense, and are usually unaffordable to the majority of golf players because of the high cost. A number of smaller devices have also been suggested each focussing on specific aspects of the position of the golf club relative to the body of the player. The present invention is one of several that is related to a guide member that attaches to or is made as part of the shaft of a golf club and which gives an indication of the quality of the swing by its position relative to a body part of the user.

A number of suggestions have been made that have a guide member extending from the stem of a golf club or practice club at an angle to avoid contact with the limbs of the user when the club is swung. US 4682775 by Wood has the guide member positioned to correct a slice swing. The guide member extends downwardly so that if the club shaft is not rotated in a counter clockwise direction to the desired position, the guide member will contact the rear leg of the user. US 4145054 by Stewart is somewhat similar to the concept in US 4682775 except that the guide member is intended to pass between the forearms of the user, should the swing be faulty then contact will be made with one or other of the forearms of the user. US 3918721 by Tradsk uses a flexible guide member, which is attached to the golf club the end position of the flexible guide member can be placed in a variety of positions. The majority of the uses are related to non-contact positions of the wrist and/or forearm.

There are also a number of documents that make suggestions of apparatuses where the guide member makes contact with part of the body of the user. US 2462955 by Glancy has a member which clamps onto the stem of a golf practice stick or golf club, the end of the member rests on the shoulder of the lagging arm when in its top position and is removed when the downswing commences. Australian Patent specification 618518 in the name of Cox is similar to the Wood device except that the guide is in the form of an arcuate guide member, which maintains contact with the wrist of the lagging arm throughout the stroke so that a break in contact or increased pressure indicates a fault. US 5009426 in the name of Cox is a further development of the above Australian patent where a stop is connected with the arcuate guide member which stop is to contact the forearm of the lagging arm so that the angle of the forearm of the lagging arm relative to the shaft of the golf-club is defined at the commencement of the downswing.

US 4023812 in the name of Lorang is the closest known prior art to the present invention. This document suggests a guide member which has a spring loaded "clicker" device. The free end of the guide member starts off in contact with the lagging forearm of the user, thus when the user brings the club up on the back swing, contact of the guide member on the forearm actuates the clicker so that the player hears the "click" which indicates that the club is correctly positioned. On the downswing the clicker will again click to indicate that contact with the lagging forearm has broken. At the end of the follow through contact is again made with the lagging arm to show that the correct position has been assumed. The use of this device is said to teach the "piggy back" of the cocking of the wrist together with the arm swing to increase the speed with which the club strikes the ball.

All the above prior art concentrates on aspects of the golf swing which centre on the position of the golf club relative to body parts such as the shoulder, relative to both forearms to pass therebetween, and most specifically with the lagging arm. The present invention however has found that by focussing on the leading arm far greater improvements can be achieved, and in particular facilitates with tactile feedback that the leading arm and consequently the shaft of the golf club are maintained within a correct plane to execute an improved golf swing.

Of particular detriment to maintaining an optimum swing is a fault that commonly occurs at the beginning of the downward stroke, and again at the end of the stroke which draws the shaft of the golf club out of the virtual plane of the swing. Such a fault is known as wrist cock where instead of maintaining the hand in the plane of the swing the wrists are bent in the direction in which the fingers curl and consequently draws the shaft out of the plane of the swing. Instead of extending the reach by wrist cock it is desirable to extend the reach by radial deviation of the wrist where the wrist is bent in the plane that might best be described as the plane of the palm. Radial deviation is not detrimental to the swing because, at all times, the shaft of the club is within the plane of the swing, whereas with wrist cock the plane of the swing is only entered once the swing has begun, and consequently there is considerably less control and consequently considerably less consistency of swing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of this invention is to facilitate the correct holding of the club during a stroke.

This is achieved by attaching to the shaft of the club a guide member which projects from the club and has on it a tip which, during part of the stroke, contacts the leading forearm of the golfer provided the golfer has the correct angular grip on the club and is moving his body and arms correctly.

In one form the invention could be said to reside in a guide member for attachment to a golf club, the golf club having a club head and a shaft extending upwardly from the club head to a hand grip, said guide comprising an attachment means to be attached to the shaft of the club on or below the hand grip of the club, a stem of the guide extending away from the shaft and angled upwardly with respect to the shaft, the stem having a tip on its free end for contact with the leading forearm of the player on the radial side when the club is properly gripped with the leading hand at approximately right angles to the shaft of the club, and when the stem extends away from the shaft in the same radial direction as the leading edge of the club head.

It will be understood that instead of providing a guide member which is preferably removable it may be desired to mount a guide member permanently on the shaft of a golf club, or alternatively it may be desired to make a dedicated training club with the guide member permanently positioned in place.

This guide member is normally positioned in the plane of the striking face of the head of the club, and when the club is held in the address position prior to effecting a stroke, the tip of the guide member is positioned clear of the forearm and moves into line with it and during the backstroke as the club reaches the final part of the upward movement should contact the forearm of the user and during the downswing should continue for a time to contact the leading forearm but leaves this contact shortly after beginning the down swing, the downswing is continued, the ball is struck and contact is once again made with the leading forearm toward the end of the follow-through.

The angle of the grip between the leading forearm and d e shaft of the club is maintained in the first portion of the downswing and the last portion of the follow through. This is found to have a number of advantages. The tip of the guide bears against the radial part of the forearm in the backswing and has a tendency to cause the wrist of a player to deviate radially, at that point, thereby assisting with piggy backing of the radial deviation of the leading wrist to impart extra swing. Any wrist cocking is very easily noticed because contact with the tip will be uncomfortable or the tip will loose contact with the forearm, because wrist cocking causes the shaft to move out of the arc of the swing.

Maintaining the contact of the forearm in the initial stages of the downswing also assists with maintaining a fuller arc during the initial parts of the swing in so far as the player is conscious of the position of the leading arm, moreover the correct angle between the club and the leading arm is maintained, and this encourages the downswing to extend further "backwards" of the player when there is contact. Greater power can be achieved at impact by maintaining the radial deviation of the wrist on the start of the downswing. A more comfortable contact is also made with the leading forearm towards the end of the follow through if the arc of the swing is fuller. Contact of the tip with the leading forearm in the follow-through is a very sensitive measure of the trueness of the arc of the swing, any slight deviation will immediately be sensed by the tip contacting to one side of the radial part of the leading forearm or by reason of the tip missing the leading forearm altogether. This is assisted also by the shape of the tip having a contact contour that rests comfortably on the radial side of the forearm of the player. The contact contour is preferably arcuate, and includes two arms protruding away from the stem of the guide member within which the forearm registers loosely if it is correctly positioned.

Thus the device is so arranged that the correct attitude of the shaft, which has an optimum geometry relative to the player's body during the upswing and down swing of the club is correctly maintained.

The invention may also be said to reside in a method of positive feedback to enhance the use of radial deviation in a golf swing and to minimise wrist cocking, the method comprises, attaching a guide member to the stem of a golf club, the golf club having a club head and a shaft extending upwardly from the shaft to a hand grip, said guide comprising an attachment means to be attached to die shaft of the club on or below the hand grip, a stem of the guide extending away from the shaft and angled upwardly away from the shaft, so mat the stem extends radially away from the shaft of the club in the same direction as the leading edge of die club head, the stem having a tip on its free end, the stem of the guide so formed that when put into a position below the position of a player's hands holding the shaft, the tip contacts the radial side of the leading forearm of the player when held in its normal position at right angles to the shaft of the club, and that no contact is made with either forearm when the club is held in the address position or when striking the ball, the method including attaching the attachment means to the shaft of the golf club, so that the stem extends away from die shaft in the same radial direction as the club head, executing the swing including the steps of; assuming the address position, with the guide stem extend vertically upwardly away from the shaft, raising the arm to a top of a backswing position, and contacting the leading forearm with said tip, swinging the club in a downswing and losing contact with the forearm shortly after the downswing has commenced, making contact again at an upper part of the follow through with the leading forearm of the player. The constructional details of the invention can be varied but according to a convenient form the guide member comprises a clamp which can be rigidly attached to die shaft of the club adjacent to the grip and projects outwardly and angularly therefrom to position the tip at the right distance from the handle or grip so that during the swing the tip of e guide member will lighdy rest on the forearm of the player.

The guide member can be made telescopic to allow for personal adjustment and can be moveable along the shaft to select a convenient position and also can be adjustable to bring the tip toward or away from die grip of the shaft of the club.

It would of course be possible to make such a device a permanent part of a practice club if that is desirable.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding the invention will now be described with reference to two embodiments of the invention as shown in the accompanying illustrations the first embodiment eing shown in Figures 1 to 9 and die second embodiment being shown in Figure 10. In the illustrations:

Figure 1 is a perspective drawing of the first embodiment of me guide member and shows details of the means by which attachment is effected to a golf club, the stem extending away from the club, and an arcuately shaped tip,

Figure 2 is a cross sectional drawing of the guide member attached to the shaft of a golf club showing particularly the alignment between the stem of the guide and d e club head,

Figure 3 shows the manner in which the position of the guide member can be adjusted relative to the leading forearm and me club shaft,

Figure 4 shows the position of the guide member relative to arm when the back swing is started,

Figure 5 shows that the guide member is in contact with the leading forearm at the top of the backswing before the downswing is started, Figure 6 shows the guide is still in contact with the leading forearm some way into the downswing,

Figure 7 shows d e guide is out of contact further into the downswing,

Figure 8 shows the guide member beginning to make contact with the leading forearm once it approaches the end of the follow through,

Figure 9 shows the finishing of the follow through with the guide member in full contact with the leading forearm, and

Figure 10 shows a second embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS

Similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Dimensions of certain of the parts as shown in the drawings may have been modified and/or exaggerated for the purposes of clarity of illustration.

A perspective view of a first embodiment of me invention is shown in Figure 1. The guide member comprises an attachment means (1) to be attached to die shaft (2) of a golf club (3) on or below the hand grip (4) of the golf club. A stem (5) of the guide extends away from the shaft (2) and is angled upwardly away from die shaft. The stem has a tip (6) on its free end for contact with the leading forearm (21) of the player.

The stem (5) of the guide comprises a first portion (7) extending away laterally from the shaft of the golf club so as to be kept clear of the hands of the user, a second portion (8) extends upwardly with respect to the shaft, but it still extends away from me shaft but at a smaller acute angle from the shaft as compared to the angle of the first portion. A curved portion (9) of the shaft lies between the first portion (7) and die second portion (8). The second portion (8) of the stem extends upwardly with respect to the shaft and is also angled away from d e shaft and at an free end (10) has die tip (6).

The tip includes a contact surface (12) which is contoured to rest on the radial side of die forearm of me player. In this illustrated embodiment the contour is arcuate with a radius ttiat will accommodate die radial side of die forearm of a player. Arms (13, 14) of the arcuate tip curve around d e forearm to loosely register on the radial side of the forearm when positioned correctly. This will provide for comfortable contact only when accurately positioned on d e radial side of die forearm.

The attachment means (1) is removable and can tiierefore be attached to die shaft of a variety of different clubs. The attachment means seen best in Figure 1 and 2 comprises a clamp, including two clamp wings (15, 16) extending from the first portion (7) of die stem, forming between the wings in a central portion of die clamp a channel (17) to accommodate me shaft (2) of the golf club. The wings extend to a securing part where a hole is formed dirough each respective one of the wings, which holes are aligned for passage dierethrough of a securing bolt (18). The two wings of the clamp can be secured to die shaft of a club by tightening wing nut (19) on the securing bolt to urge the two clamp wings together over the shaft.

The guide member, apart from the securing bolt and die wing nut, is integrally formed of a rigid plastics. The plastics can be any one of a variety plastics that is sufficiendy rigid to stay in place so tiiat the position of the tip ( 12) is fixed relative to the shaft of die golf club when secured to it, but also sufficiendy flexible to allow for the wings of the clamp to be separated so die clamp can be fitted over die shaft of a golf club. One material that might be used is polypropylene.

It can be seen that d e stem (5) of the guide member is generally cruciform in cross section, this cross section maintains resistance of the stem to flexure in any direction. The clamp wings however are flattened in order that the wings can flex apart so as to fit over a shaft before tightening the wing nut. It can also be seen that the tip is T shaped in cross section, to promote rigidity of die tip, and it will be appreciated tiiat the arcuate shape will add to die structural stability of the tip. The contact surface (12) of the tip is smooth with no rib so mat discomfort of the use of the guide member is minimised, should a rib protrude from die contact surface, the edge of die rib can exert an uncomfortable pressure on the radial side of die forearm of the user.

The way in which the guide member is to be fitted to the golf club (3) is best seen in Figure 2 and 3. The shaft of die golf club (2) is fitted through channel (17) of the clamp (1) of die guide member so that the free end of the guide member extends away from die shaft of the golf club in the same axial direction as the upper most end (22) of the golf club. The wings of the clamp will normally need to be spread apart to fit over the shaft The stem (5) of the guide member is radially aligned witii the leading edge of (20a) of die head (20) of the golf club as can best be seen in Figure 2. It can be seen that the leading edge is at d e base of die striking face (20b). The axial alignment of die guide member is achieved as best seen in Figure 3. The golf club is held generally horizontally, the leading arm (21) is held downwards onto the uppermost end (22) of d e golf club so ώat the leading arm extends at approximately right angles from the shaft of the golf club. The head end (23) of the golf club is supported by die lagging arm

(24). The tip is moved axially along the shaft until contact is made with d e radial portion (25) of the leading forearm of the player, and ti en the guide member is attached to the shaft of the golf club by tightening die wing nut to clamp die guide member onto die shaft to fix it into place.

The use of the guide can be represented by die sequence of positions shown in Figures 4 to 9. In use the golf club is held properly in place; the address positioned is assumed (not shown) with the feet spaced apart and die golf club positioned downwardly. The correct position of d e club can be verified by looking to see that die stem of the guide is vertical. It is difficult to see simply by looking at the head of die golf club. The backswing is started witii die golf club brought upwardly (see Figure 4), and the weight of the player is transferred to die lagging side, die position of the guide is to be maintained vertically above the shaft of the club. The back swing is continued until the top of die backswing is reached witii die tip contacting the radial side of the forearm of the player, as can be seen in Figure 5. If an incorrect position is assumed, the tip will sit skewed on die radial side of die leading forearm or one of the arms of the tip will dig into the forearm of the player.

The downswing can be commenced, and die shaft of the club is brought downwardly, whilst maintaining contact between the tip of d e guide and die radial side of d e forearm of the player, until approximately the position shown in Figure 6 is shown, which represents approximately a three quarters backswing position. Contact witii die tip is broken and d e downswing is continued as represented in Figure 7. The ball is struck and the follow through is commenced; all without any contact being made between the arms of the player and die guide. Contact is again made at die upper part of the follow through once the arms are brought upwardly commencing at what might be termed die three quarters follow through position, approximately as shown in Figure 8. The follow through is then continued until the club is brought behind die player as can be seen in Figure 9.

It will be found that die three quarter backswing position and the tiiree quarters follow through position will be somewhat different for each individual but can be found simply by practicing wi the guide. The position in which the golf club is held is easily checked, in the address position, in that the position of the stem of the guide member is far more apparent than the head of a golf club because it is direcdy in the line of sight of the player relative to d e shaft The position of the guide member can be checked by the player by eye to align vertically with the shaft of the golf club to ensure that the club is held correcdy.

When the club is raised to die top of the backswing feedback is provided to ensure that once the leading arm of the player is straight, the angle at which the club is held is correct and tiiat it is ti erefore in the plane of the arc of the swing. Maintaining contact between the leading arm and die tip of d e guide during die initial part of the downswing to approximately the three quarters backswing position encourages a fuller arc to be formed, and accordingly tends to provide for a fuller swing with the potential for greater power to be imparted on the ball to be struck.

The contact is then broken until approximately the tiiree quarter follow through position is attained, and during tiiat portion of the arc of the swing there is no tactile feedback of the quality of the swing, it is not until such contact is again achieved tiiat tactile feedback regarding the result of the swing is again achieved. If the swing has followed the desired arc, then the tip will make a square on contact with die radial side of die forearm and will sit comfortably.

In order that the lower part of the swing is practiced, it is possible to practice a swing with reduced power, where the golf club is swung between the backswing three quarters position and d e follow-through three quarters position. This can be an initial exercise in practicing an accurate swing.

A second embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 10 held by a player at a lower part of die downswing.

In this second embodiment d e guide is constructed of a tubular aluminium and the guide is comprised of two separate parts. A first part includes the attachment means which takes the form of a clamp, and a first part of the stem of the guide. A second part comprises a telescoping portion of die stem and d e tip. The telescoping portion can vary the length of die stem. This feature is particularly useful where the guide is to be permanently attached to the shaft of a golf club, whereby to permit adjustment of the position of die tip relative to die shaft A locking ring is provided to lock die relative position of d e telescoping portion to the first part. In the second embodiment die tip is in the form of a ball to make contact with the radial side of the forearm of the user. The operation of this second embodiment is substantially identical to the first embodiment

Claims (23)

1. A guide member for attachment to a golf club, the golf club having a club head and a shaft extending upwardly from the club head to a hand grip, said guide member comprising an attachment means to be attached to the shaft of the club on or below the hand grip of the club, a stem of the guide member extending away from die shaft and angled upwardly with respect to the shaft, the stem having a tip on its free end for contact with the leading forearm of the player on the radial bone side when die club is properly gripped with the leading hand at approximately right angles to the shaft of the club, and when die stem extends away from die shaft in the same radial direction as the leading edge of die club head.

2. The guide member according to claim 1 wherein the tip is formed to include a contact contour to rest on the radial side of the forearm of die player.

3. The guide member according to claim 2 wherein the tip includes a central portion and two arms extending away from the free end of die stem to provide a tactile indication of whedier the tip is properly positioned on die radial side of die leading forearm.

4. The guide member according to eitiier claim 2 or 3 wherein the contour is arcuate.

5. The guide member according to claim 1 wherein the guide member is formed of a plastics so as to be lightweight

6. The guide member according to claim 1 wherein the stem is telescoping.

7. The guide member according to claim 1 wherein a first portion of the stem extends away laterally from the shaft, and a second portion of the stem extends upwardly to an uppermost part of the shaft and a curved portion is between the first portion and die second portion to vary the angle therebetween, so that the stem is maintained clear of the hands of the user.

8. The guide member as in claim 1 wherein the attachment means is reversible.

9. A training aid for golf including a guide member attached to a golf club the golf club having a club head and a shaft extending upwardly from the club head to a hand grip. said guide member attached to the shaft of the club on or below the hand grip, a stem of the guide member extending away from the shaft and angled upwardly with respect to the shaft, the stem having a tip on its free end for contact with the leading forearm of the player on the radial side when d e club is properly gripped witii the leading hand at approximately right angles to the shaft of the club, and when the stem extends away from the shaft in the same radial direction as the leading edge of die club head.

10. The guide member according to claim 9 wherein the tip is formed to include a contact contour to rest on the radial side of the forearm of the player.

11. The guide member according to claim 9 wherein the tip includes a central portion and two arms extending away from die free end of d e stem to provide an indication of whedier die tip is centrally positioned on the radial side of die leading forearm.

12. The guide member according to claim 10 or 11 wherein the contour is arcuate.

13. The guide member according to claim 9 wherein the guide member is formed of a plastics so as to be lightweight

14. A golf swing training apparatus to assist in maintaining a true arc and to facilitate the use of radial deviation during a golf swing to assist with the swing, comprising, a guide member for attachment to a golf club the golf club having a club head and a shaft extending upwardly from the shaft to a hand grip, said guide comprising an attachment means to be attached to the shaft of the club on or below the hand grip, a stem of the guide extending away from die shaft and angled upwardly away from the shaft, so that die stem extends radially away from the shaft of the club in the same direction as the leading edge of the club head, die stem having a tip on its free end, die stem of the guide so formed that when attached at a position below the position of a player's hands holding the shaft, the tip contacts the radial side of die leading forearm of the player when held in its normal position at right angles to die shaft of the club, and that no contact is made witii either forearm when the club is held in the address position or when striking the ball.

15. The golf swing training apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the tip is formed to include a contact contour to rest comfortably on the radial side of die forearm of the user.

16. The golf swing training apparatus according to claim 15 wherein the contour is arcuate.

17. The golf swing training apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the guide member is formed of a plastics so as to be lightweight

18. The golf swing training apparatus according to claim 14 wherein a first portion of the stem extends away laterally from the shaft and a second portion of die stem extends upwardly to an uppermost part of the shaft, so that the stem is maintained clear of the hands of die user.

19. The golf swing training apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the attachment means is reversible.

20 The golf swing training apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the attachment means is a clamp.

21 The golf swing training apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the guide member is integrally formed of plastics.

22. A method of positive feedback to enhance die use of radial deviation in a golf swing and to minimise wrist cocking, the method comprises, attaching a guide member to the shaft of a golf club, the golf club having a club head and a shaft extending upwardly from the shaft to a hand grip, said guide member comprising an attachment means to be attached to the shaft of the club on or below the hand grip, a stem of the guide member extending away from die shaft and angled upwardly away from the shaft, so that the stem extends radially away from die shaft of die club in die same direction as the leading edge of the club head, d e stem having a tip on its free end, the stem of the guide so formed that when attached at a position below die position of a player's hands holding die shaft, the tip contacts the radial side of die leading forearm of the player when held in its normal position at right angles to the shaft of the club, and that no contact is made with either forearm when the club is held in the address position or when striking the ball, the method including attaching the attachment means to the shaft of the golf club, so that the stem extends away from die shaft in the same radial direction as the leading edge of die club head, executing the swing including the steps of; assuming the address position, witii the guide stem extend vertically upwardly away from die shaft raising the arm to a top of a backswing position, and contacting the leading forearm witii said tip, swinging the club in a downswing and losing contact with the forearm shortly after the downswing has commenced, making contact again at an upper part of the follow-through with the leading forearm of d e player.

23. A method of positive feedback to enhance the use of radial deviation in a golf swing and to minimise wrist cocking, the method comprises, attaching a guide member to the stem of a golf club, the golf club having a club head and a shaft extending upwardly from d e shaft to a hand grip, said guide member comprising an attachment means to be attached to the shaft of the club below the had grip, a stem of the guide member extending away from the shaft and angled upwardly away from the shaft, so that the stem extends radially away from the shaft of the club in the same direction as the leading edge of the club head, the stem having a tip on its free end, the stem of the guide so formed that when attached to a position below the position of a players hands holding the shaft the tip contacts the radial side of die leading forearm of the player when held in its normal position at right angles to the shaft of the club, and that no contact is made witii either forearm when the club is held in the address position or when striking the ball, the method including; attaching the attachment means to the shaft of the golf club, so that the stem extends away from the shaft in the same radial direction as the club head, executing a practice swing comprising the steps of; assuming the address position, with the guide stem extend vertically upwardly away from die shaft raising the arms to a three quarters start position - some way into die downswing, and contacting d e radial side of the leading forearm with the tip of the guide, executing a downswing from the three quarters start position, and swinging the until a three quarters backswing position is reached, and the tip of the guide is contacted witii the radial side of die leading forearm.