AU679515B2 - Contraction-expansion hyperbolic turbine - Google Patents

Description

P/00/01i1 28/6/01 Regulation 3.2

AUSTRALIA

Pate nts Act 1990

ORIGINAL

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Ivnio ile 1Q>~ Hyperbolic Turbine.

The foliowing statement is a full description of this invention, including the best :method of performing it known to me:- 1 At 1 This invention relates toameans of propulsion particularly from the high area reduction hyperbolic turbine described in application No. 42173/93 which utilizes the pressure generated at the exit of the turbine for pressure propulsion by exiting gases or ions (plasma) or gas and ions which gives a enhanced propulsion factor over low energy efficient momentum transfer of exhausts. The key aspect is the high reduction which increases the exit pressure responsible for pressure propulsion and also a'flared opening which is preferably hyperbolic but reversed in direction to hyperbolic taper on hyperbolic turbine for greater contact at end of turbine.

Plasma is generated by a series of high voltage plates connected in parallel with a applied voltage of greater than 400 volts and a spacing between plates greater than .4mm..

Water spray or gas is forced through a hole or holes in the plates. The plasma or ionized energizing constituent of gas flow is generated near the end of the hyperbolic turbine or just past the end of turbine in the reversed hyperbolic flared exit. High pressures associated with plasma even at low density give rise to pressure contact propulsion. A tapered magnetic coil is external to sheath (hyperbolic) of turbine for energization of gases and a similar hyperbolically wound tapered coil is on flared reversed hyperbolic exit sheath and is opposite in direction of taper of coil of hyperbolic turbine which tapers to fewer winding toward end of turbine and so tapered coil of reversed hyperbolic sheath for contact of exiting gas and ions is tapered to increasing number of windings in direction of exiting gases. Energization of gas and ions is achieved in this manner through the end reversed tapered coil and ~ab ,cl--L Ic Ls~ -2contact of surfaces for energy exchange to pressure expansion is avoided giving thermal protection to flared reversed hyperbolic sheath's surface through magnetic field of reversed end tapered coil and thrust is transmitted through magnetic field to magnetic coil and to turbine assembly holding magnetic coils and sheaths (turbine and exit sheath) upon which coils are wound. The reversed magnetic coil .this way minimizes thermal contact and minimizes heating of reversed hyperbolic exit sheath through contact or sheath's surface.

The series of plates have ceramic electrically insulated •alumina insfrcs between alternate plates so preference to positive or negative ions attracted through the holes or openings in the plates by exposure to specific positive or 01*0 negative charged surfaces by applied voltage for the specific positive or negative ion energized in the plasma. The preferance is to plasmaize and ehagize positive ions so the first plate is a positive plate with both surfaces exposed and .".gas or steam flow past first plate means the generation of some positive ions with the hole through which gas or steam flows dAd allows exposure to negative surface or next plate and this o:pulls positive ion toward second plate and through hole in second negative plate which is slightly diminished in diameter to ensure exposure to positive ion and attraction to second negative charged plate. Between negative second and third positively charged plate.a alumina insulating ceramic insert exists so positive surface does not affect energization of positive ions with the opening size of the ceramic insert being slightly smaller than second negative plate and the opening of the third positive plate is slightly larger than second I" L ~bl 3 negative plate and this means that positive repulsion towards forth negative plate is less than attraction towards forth negative plates. Energization of plasma is achieved in this manner with diminishing hole sizes so negative surfaces are exposed and positive ions are pulled through plate assembly thus energizing plasma and the last plate being positive to to repel and disperse positive ions in plasma or ionized gas flow. The diminishing hole sequence is preferably hyperbolically diminishing in sequence and so plasma density decreases as energization is achieved and ensgies of 2,000 e.V. (electron S volts) and greater are attainable for 900V. plates in series connected in parallel with ceramic inserts placed between i negative to positive surfaces for positive ions not to be hindered in acceleration and energization between exposed consecutive positive (enlarged) to negative surfaces. The ceramic insert hole which is slightly smaller in diameter than adjoining negative then positive plate ensures that no field of any significance is transmitted between the hindering negative then positive a sequence.

20 A basic model for 300 watts of applied 900V. plate assembly of 25 plates with central hole is given 1st. plate +ve hole diameter, 2nd. plate -ve 22.0mm. with the following ceramic insert 21.9mm. between 2nd and 3rd. positive plate, 3rd. +ve plate 22.5mm., 4th. -ve plate 19.5mm.,C.I.

19.4mm.,5th. +ve plate 20.0mm, 6th.-ve plate 17.2mm.,C.I.17.1mm .,7th. +ve plate 17.5mm.,8th.-ve plate 15.1mm.,C.I.15.0mm., 9th.+ve plate 15.6mm.,10th.-ve plate 13.2mm.,C.l.13.Omm., llth.+ve plate 1 3.7mm.,12th.-ve plate 11.5mm.,C.I.11.4mm.,13th.

+ve plate iL.Omm.,14th. -ve plate 10.Omm.,C.I. 9.9mm.,15th. +ve s~ ""9P~ -4plate 10.5mm.,16th.-ve plate 8.7mm.,C.I. 8.6mm., 17th. +ve plate 9.2mm., 18th. -ve plate 7.6mm., C.I. 7.5mm., 19th. +ve plate 8.1mm., 20th. -ve plate 6.7mm., C.I. 6.6mm.,21st. +ve plate 7.2mm., 22nd. -ve plate 6.0mm.,C.I. 5.9mm.,23rd. +ve plate 6.5mm,, 24th. -ve plate 5.5mm.,C.I. 5.4mm., 25th. Last +ve plate This sequence energizes plasma and ions past 2,000e.V. in energy. Other longer plate or plate sequences greater than twenty-five 900V. plates gives energies past 10,000 e.V.

(electron volts) and Deuterium oxide or heavy water is injected through holes as jet of pure D 2 0 or D 2 0 and The spacing between +ve to -ve plates is .9mm. for 900V.

applied voltage and 2 to 3 mm. thick ceramic inserts are inserted between the -ve to +ve sequence. The plates are connected in parallel by holes in plates and a 6.4mm. rod through the 62.5mm. plates radially further out past central holes. Alternate holes of 6.4mm. and 10mm. holes mean that parallel connections can be made. Two sets of holes mean positive and negative terminals are through plates with clearance 10mm. holes on every second plate so parallel connection is made with 15mm. diameter by .9mm alumina discs with 6.4mm. holes between active +ve to -ve plates spaced by .9mm.. As stated the 10mm. hole on every second plate gives electrical clearance for parallel connection for alternate +ve and -ve plates.

For the turbine the five conical segments that make up the turbine are logtitudinally 120mm. long with the flared reversed hyperbolic section having two 120mm, segments on end. The turbine diminishes in diameter by the following segments: 250mm. to 'L ~b r~ssB~~~FT 5 190mm.,190mm. to 141.5mm.,141.5mm. to 104.5mm.,104.5mm. to 79mm.

and 79mm. to 65mm. with the end two flared reverse hyperbolic segments being 65mm. to 90mm. and 90mm. to 150mm.. The overall length of turbine is 600mm. with 240mm. for the flared end with a total length of 840mm. and the plate assembly of 25 plates this time not having a central passage but ones near the periphery of plates with 3 or more holes or passages and insulated by alumina bush between 2 alumina washers and plate assembly exists in reversed hyperbolic segments of flared exit.

Past the electrically isolated plate assembly exist two sets of blades for the two segments of the reversed hyperbolic flared end and the blade angles are the same as the turbine and expanding gas, plasma,ions and gas assist in the rotation of blades by primilarily being mechanically transmission rotated pulleys,chains) and driven by expanding plasma, ions and gas through rear two sets of blades with frontal blades suppling compressed air to go through holes in electrically activated plate assembly. Combustion can also occur in front turbine meaning turbine at front is fuel driven. The remaining features of the turbine are essentially the same as original application for turbine 42,173/93. For a combustion turbine fuel combustion is ion seeded by the addition of ionizing constituent being a hydrocarbon with halide i.e. carbon tetrachloride or bromide organic in small percentages and fuel is sprayed down turbine through nozzles or holes and sparked by spark plug (continuous or intermittent) about half way down turbine. Bearings are two opposed taper roller bearings at front of turbine and two opposed taper roller bearings at rear of turbine with both set being outside 3133Ps~C~e II q~lLPI h ~CL~ -6assembly for turbine sheath and rear reversed flared sheath with a conical cover over rear bearing housing to protect against thermal affect of gas or gas and ions. A bracket holds both bearing assemblies at correct pre-load and in turn holds shaft in tension. It is preferable that shaft is hollow and allows for the passage of coolant water through centre of shaft. The shaft has threaded sections on it for the location and tightening by screw threads of plates that form the blade assemblies being pressed in one plate or welded to collar which is in turniS F/x0d to shaft between threaded collars or nuts. The windings are preferably silver coated and a/$VSOf alumina grit preferably 0 less than .3mm. in diameter to allow the passage of coolant gas :I or water. Silvering of bear wire is by silver exchange to copper in Silver Nitrate and heating of the porous silver layer. The alumina ceramic inserts are made from alumina grit and Sodium Silicate binder with the moulded insert,bush or washer being sintered in a furnace to ensure effective binding of grit particles.

The central aspect of this invention again is pressure 20 propulsion through a restricted flow opening making pressure 00 contact with a flared reverse hyperbolic sheath and energy from expansion or thermal energy being transfered to thrust is by thermal contact (or magnetic field transfer and thermal shielding) assisted by ion energized gas or plasma at a contact surface for the increase of thermal energy to thrust (or thrust in energy of motion terms) by enhanced magnetic energization transmitted through contact surface. A thruster alone can exist from what is described in this invention meaning the reverse hyperbolic flare has fuel and compressed air (oxidant) injected

I

-7and the greater the temperature the greater the angle of the flare of the reversed hyperbolic thruster and ion seeding material in the fuel along with the reversed tapered hyperbolically wound coil acts to convert thermal energy to thrust (thrust in terms of energy of motion if moving).

The following three figures represent the invention as described. Figure i is turbine with flared reverse hyperbolic thruster and coils and plate assembly. Figure 2 is the high voltage plate assembly detailing the diminishing hole or passage for plasmaization and energization. Figure 3 is the thruster alone with compressed air and fuel (with ion seeding constituent) and coil.

:i In Figure 1 item 1 is the bracket that holds the sheath of turbine 2 and reverse hyperbolic thruster or flared exit 2a, with opposed taper roller bearings 4 at end of hollow shaft 3.

The hollow shaft 3 allows the passage of coolant water down centre and the threaded sections are made on approximately 16mm.

tube by welding beads with compatible filler material along length of tube around outside of tube at desired locations for 20 thread 3a and machining the preferably 20mm. x 2.5mm. metric 5 thread on shaft. The collars 5a on threaded sections at front and rear of shaft for bearing are for pre-loading opposed tapered roller bearings at each end of shaft. The collars are for fixing and locating plate of blades 6 (pressed or welded to collar) to threaded sections 3a of hollow shaft3. The two sets of blade plates 6a at the rear reversed hyperbolic flared exit have the same angle as blade plates 6 in the main front turbine section and are rotated by high pressure exiting gas activated or energized by plasma or ion generating plates la, pg -8or charged plate assembly 12 or simply increase thrust by plasma or ion pressure propulsion in rear flared reversed hyperbolic exit zone. The nozzles 7 for injection of fuel containing ionizable constituents passes into turbine down flow path 9 and encounters ignition points or spark plugs 8 with preferably intermittent spark (but can also be continuous sparking with low energy high voltage spark). Plasma or ions in gas expand to give pressure propulsion flow 9a in rear reversed hyperbolic exit zone and also assist in turning shaft 3 as rear blades 6a are encountered. The cover 10 over rear bearings prevents significant heating and lubrication of bearings with very conventional oils and graphite is possible. This cover 10 is attached to rear sliding section of bracket and slides over shaft. Flow of gas generated by plasma or ions in gas which is generated by charged plate assembly 12 in rear reversed hyperbolic exit zone which gives thrust (thermal energy to energy of motion in terms of thrust if moving) and turns shaft, is such that gas is retained and recirculated so electrical energy is the key driving component for rotation of turbine and thrust.

The tapered hyperbolically wound coil 11 for turbine acts to activate and dhrgize gas by ion seeding of fuel and increase pressure at end of turbine with reversed hyperbolically wound coil Ila over sbeath of rear reversed hyperbolic exit zone which also activates or energizes gas and increases pressure and acts with associated pressure propulsion expansion in rear exit zone. A piece of J/4" stainless steel plate 13 is welded to sheath through which a stainless steel compression fitting 14 for holding a glass (borosilicate) tube shrunk around nichrome wire 15 through glass tube for electrical connection I _ly 9to plate assembly 12. A similar 1/4" stainless steel plate 13a is welded to sheath for compression fitting through which a stainless steel 1/8" tube/6f H 2 0,H 2 0 and D 2 0 or D 2 0 goes with nozzles or holes pointing to holes in plate assembly 12. Water coolant 17 goes through hollow shaft 3. Nuts 18 for fixing and positioning sliding bracket 1 go and threaded rod 19 for moving bracket section apart or closer together and threaded rod 19 has square ends for tightening with spanner. A break in sliding bracket 20 is shown such that tensioning of shaft can be accomplished. Threaded studs 21 fixed to each of the two sliding 0**e bracket components is shown. The plate assembly has a central *e a hole 22 and clears shaft by 5mm. or more for electrical isolation and is attached to sheath by bracket 23 which is electrically isolated by alumina bush 24 which is on shaft between alumina washers 25 and threaded collars 26 on threaded section of shaft such that rotating shaft is isolated from stationary plate assembly.

In Figure 2 depicting the high voltage plate assembly 1 is the first positive plate connected in parallel to subsequent positive plates in the series with 2 being the second plate, a negative plate, connected in parallel to subsequent negative plates in the series. The ceramic insert 3 is 2 to 3mm. in thickness and shields -ve to +ve surfaces for energization of gas and ions in and through plate assembly. The third plate 4, a positive plate, has +ve to -ve surfaces exposed in passage of plate assembly. The part, 5 of -ve plates in passage exposed to flow of gas and +ve ions causes energization and acceleration of gas and ions flowing down passage. The flow of gas and ions, plasma escaping from between +ve to -ve surfaces from side ~kI 10 of plate assembly 6 and is responsible for energization of high pressure flow. Flow of gas 7, H 2 0,H 2 0 and D 2 0 or D 2 0 into hyperbollically tapering hole or passage inside high voltage plate assembly is shown. Emerging gas and ions, plasma 8 from hyperbolically tapering hole or passage in high voltage plate assembly is shown. Ceramic/alumina electrically isolating spacers 9 approximately 1mm. in thickness which are unobtrusive to active emerging flows 6 from between +ve to -ve surfaces and side flow from plate assembly. The nut 10 is for electrical connection to 6.4mm. shaft and bolting plate assembly together.

*.0 e Threaded end of 6.4mm. sAdff/ which electrically connects alternate plates with 6.4mm. holes electrically connects these plates to shaft as opposed to other alternate plates which have a clearance hole of 10mm. or greater in diameter thus electrically isolating plates from shaft. The rear nut 1Oa holds plate assembly together on exit end where 12 is alumina ceramic electrically insulating washer with a 6.4mm. hole holding part of metal bracket 13 with a greater than

C

hole so a combination of electrically insulating alumina 20 bush/washer/ W/YO 6.4mm. holes can go into greater than hole of bracket and electrically isolate plate assembly from bracket which supports plate assembly which can be attached to a stand. The exposed +ve plhte surface 15 repels exiting +ve ions in plasma, gas and ions and aids in energization of plasma, gas and ions.

In Figure 3 depicting the thruster with tapered coil 3 in less than .3mm. grit for passage of cooling gas or water (steam) is wound from silvered wire. The reverse hyperbolic sheath 2 is in two conical parts and the temperature of exiting gas or 11 plasma determines the angle of divergence of sheath so for higher divergence angles the temperature of exiting gas and ions or plasma is high and low divergence angles exists for lower temperature exiting gas and ions or plasma. The thruster is mounted on shaft 1 which is mounted by threaded section 6 and between threaded collars or nuts 7. Compressed air inlet line 4 is shown near bottom part of thruster along with fuel inlet 5 into narrow section or closed part of thruster. Shaft 1 mounts base or narrow section of thruster by threaded section 8 of shaft between threaded collars 9 or nuts. Nichrome wire high voltage connection is made to plate assembly 15 through ga 0 compression fitting 11 and glass tube with shrunken end to fix nichrome wire. Compression fitting 10 is for H 2 0,H 2 0 and D 2 0 or S D 2 0 inlet through stainless steel tube and nozzles or holes directed into passages or holes in electrically activated plate assembly 15. Alumina bush 13 electrically isolates electrically activated plate assembly 15 from shaft 1 and is on threaded section 12 on shaft and between two alumina wishes 14 for electrical isolation and held on threaded section of shaft 12 by threaded collars 14a. The ceramic insert 16 of electrico ally activated plate assembly is shown along with connection rods 17 through plate assembly such that nichrome wire through compression fitting 11 is connected. Ceramic/alumina spacers in electrically activated plate assembly are shown by 18.

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Claims (8)

1. A hyperbolic turbine assembly of a substaintially hyperbolic tapering sheath made from conical segments welded together with a hollow shaft located centrally in sheath for central water cooling with threaded sections for fixing blade assemblies with blade rad- ially located on a central hub or plates with blades pressed on a single plate at specific threaded sections of shaft which is rotated at high speed to initiate compression of air for combustion of fuel down reduced area part of turbine with fuel being introduced through nozzles half way down turbine and resulting high pressure combustion products maintain turbine spinning with high pressure exhaust giving pressure propulsion or pressure thrust with exhaust gases and water entering holes or passages in a electrically active plate assembly in rear flared hyperbolic section with voltages greater than 400V. and spacings between plates of greater than .4mm. so that plasma mixes with exhaust gas and acts on flared rear hyperbolic sheath made of two or more conical segments to give plasma assisted pressure thrust as well as acting on rear sets of blade assemblies in rear exit zone to assist rotation of shaft and also operating such that plate assembly alternatively is the main energy input source being electrical energy when isolated in closed cycle circulation of gases through turbine in the continuous repeat compression-expansion cycle.

2. A hyperbolic turbine assembly as claimed in claim 1 further characterized in that the electrically activated high voltage plate assembly electrically isolated from shaft by alumina bush gives plasma and ions along with gas or water or deuterium oxide or deuterium oxide and water injected into hyperbolically tapering passage for the generation of positive ions that are preferentially selected 6i ,active open positive to negative surfaces with negative to rl e 9 ~F 13 positive surfaces being obstructed and made inactive by ceramic inserts with a hyperbolic taper through the plate assembly so exposed surfaces of negative plates pull positive ions through hyperbolic tapering or tapering passages energizing ions to greater than 2,000eV. with escaping ions or plasma from between unobstructed positive to negative plates spaced by ceramic spacers which give a set spacing between active surfaces and allow supporting connections to be connected to alternate plates in parallel with connection rods being terminals and connectors to alternate plates with every second plate not electrically connected and having a clearance hole around connection rod which also holds a supporting bracket isolated elec- trically by ceramic washers and bushes at end of plate assembly.

3. A hyperbolic turbine assembly as claimed in claim 1 further characterized in that large numbers of plates in series with high voltage plates connected in parallel give energies greater than 10,000eV. of plasma,ions being preferentially positive ions through hyperbolically tapering passages.

4. A hyperbolic turbine assembly as claimed in claim 1 further characterized in that thrust is obtained in rear flared hyperbolic 20 exit zone and energy from high pressure thermal energy of gas and ions and plasma to turn rear plates of blades of turbine by partially combustion or alternatively, entirely derived from electrical energy supplied to high voltage plate assembly which turns shaft through turbine with front reducing hyperbolic zone supplying compressed constituents or gas for pressure propulsion and injection of gas through passages in electrically activated high voltage plate assem- bly in rear flared hyperbolic section.

A hyperbolic turbine assembly as claimed in claim 1 or any one the above claims further characterized in that for energy entir- (Vi Lf 0V S.. 0 OS @6 I *0 I S.. 14 ely derived from electrical energy the gas and, or ions or plasma in rear flared hyperbolic exit zone regoin that turns blades and gives pressure propulsion is re-circulated to front of hyperbolic turbine for re-circulation with system isolated from any other gas input.

6. A hyperbolic turbine assembly as claimed in claim i further characterized in that a rbar tapered hyperbolically wound coil on rear flared hyperbolic exit zone sheath thermally protects sheath's surface from oxidation and high speed ions by deflecting ions and gas from rear flared hyperbolic section thruster or sheath's surface so pressure propulsion thrust is transmitted to coil by magnetic Sfield generated by rear coil with reduction of thermal contact of 'S hot gases and ions on sheath's surface. I..

7. A hyperbolic turbine assembly as claimed in claim 1 further 5 characterized in that a front hyperbolically wound coil acts to O• energize gas by ion seeding constituents in fuel released through combustion of fuel to increase pressure with rear flared hyperbol- ically wound coil energizing gas by its resultant ion constituent, oo Salong with ions from plate assembly being energized by the said rear coil to give increased pressure in rear exit zone for pressure propulsion with both coils set in less than .3mm. ceramic grit and coil wire is silvered by ion exchange of copper in Silver Nitrate p o. and heated to greater than 500 C for sintering of porous layer of Silver for a Silver coating of copper wire that resists oxidation when heated in use as coil with passage of water or coolant gas.

8. The hyperbolic turbine substaintially as herein described with reference to accompanying drawings. GEORGE ANTHONY CONTOLEON 22ND. OF APRIL,1997. R/ Applicant Date S. S S. So S. S i 1 IP -I~qlsl P 1~1158 Abstract i. A hyperbolic turbine assembly of sheath made from conical segments welded together and a hollow shaft for zentral water cooling with threaded sections for fixing plates of blades between threaded collars at specific threaded points along shaft is spun to initiate compression of air for combustion down reduced area part of turbine and hence a high pressure exhaust qintains turbine spinning with high pressure exhaust being responsible for pressure propulsion or pressure thrust with exhaust gases and,or water entering holes or passages in a electrically activated plate assembly of plates with voltages greater than 400V. and spacings greater than .4mm. such that plasma mixes with exhaust gas and acts on flared reverse hyperb- olic sheath made of two or more conical segments to give plasma assisted pressure thrust as well as acting on rear sets of blades in rear exit zone to assist rotation of shaft. 2. e electrically activated high voltage plate assembly gives plasma and ions along with gas or water or deuterium oxide or deuterium oxide and water being injected into hyperbolically tapering passages such that the generation of positive ions is prefered by active open positive to negative surfaces and obstructed negative to positive surfaces by ceramic inserts with the hyperbolic taper being such that exposed surfaces of negative plates pull positive ions through hyperbolic tapering or tapering passage which has the affect of energizing ions past 2,000 eV. and escaping ions or plasma between the unobstructed positiveto negative passage and ceramic spacers which give the required spacing between active surfaces and allow the supporting connection rods to be connected to alternate plates in parallel such that connection rods are ~II I 1. Abstract terminals and connectors to alternate plates with every second plate not connected and having a clearance hole around connec- tion rod which also holds a supporting bracket isolated by ceramic washers and bushes at end of plate assembly.