AU671105B2 - Polymer composition - Google Patents
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- AU671105B2 AU671105B2 AU36840/93A AU3684093A AU671105B2 AU 671105 B2 AU671105 B2 AU 671105B2 AU 36840/93 A AU36840/93 A AU 36840/93A AU 3684093 A AU3684093 A AU 3684093A AU 671105 B2 AU671105 B2 AU 671105B2
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- polymer composition
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- opaque polymer
- opaque
- ethylene
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 46
- 229920005787 opaque polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucasaeureamid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucamide Chemical group CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005674 ethylene-propylene random copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical group O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005629 polypropylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002633 Kraton (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002742 polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene/propylene) -block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001935 styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100024133 Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101000910772 Homo sapiens Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005676 ethylene-propylene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012765 fibrous filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYPKRALMXUUNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-2-ene Chemical compound CCCC=CC RYPKRALMXUUNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001034 iron oxide pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005630 polypropylene random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003678 scratch resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Description
I,
U'
OUR REP: 1507 P/00/011 Regulation 3.2
AUSTRALIA
Patents Act 1990
ORIGINAL
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Invention Title POLYMER COMPOSITION 0444 4444 040* o 44 04 4 4 44 .4 4* *4 4 0 44 44 44 4 4 4 44,44 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me:- 15070011.*FRM
V
I 1507MLA 2 POLYMER COMPOSITION The present invention relates to scratch-resistant polymer compositions and moulded articles.
Plastics materials are utilised in a wide variety of applications, many of which require the material to maintain its aesthetic appeal notwithstanding various scratches and scuffs to which it is subjected during its useful life. Plastics materials are particularly susceptible to degradation of surface finish and the r° 10 subsequent loss of aesthetic appeal. In particular, opaque plastics materials show a far greater loss of aesthetic appeal than either transparent or translucent plastics materials. It is believed that micro-tearing and stress whitening of the plastics material occurs around any scratches in the surface of the plastics material. This e 0 damage is far more visible, and hence much more of a oo problem, in opaque plastics materials.
Opaque plastics materials find considerable use in applications which require a resistance to scratches and scuffs. For example car manufacturers utilise coloured I plastics materials (typically polypropylene) for the interior trim of their vehicles. The interior trim of a car is subjected to considerable scratching and scuffing. I Accordingly there is a need for a plastics material which may be pigmented as desired but is able to resist the scratches and scuffs of everyday use. There are a i considerable number of other applications where scratch resistance is required in opaque materials.
We have now found an opaque plastics material which provides a surface finish with improved scratch-resistance and alleviates some of the abovementioned problems.
Accordingly we therefore provide an opaque polymer composition comprising a blend of: ia 3 a matrix polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, high density polyethylene and poly- 4-methylpentene -1; at least one impact modifier wherein said impact modifier is a copolymer or terpolymer of ethylene and at least one other a-olefin or diolefin; at least one opacifier selected from the group consisting of colourants and fillers and combinations thereof; and at least one block copolymer of at least one styrenic monomer and at least one olefinic or diolefinic monomer.
In practice, we have found that polymer compositions of the present invention comprising polypropylene as matrix polymer exhibits particularly marked resistance to damage associated with scratching. Wherein polypropylene is 2 utilised as matrix polymer we have found that it is preferable that the polypropylene be selected from is isotactic polypropylene homopolymers and random copolymers 20 of ethylene and propylene.
Commercial available isotactic polypropylene typically comprises approximately 3% atactic polypropylene. It is :o preferred that the amount of atactic polypropylene is less than 8%.
The random copolymer of ethylene and propylene may be manufactured by introducing the ethylene monomer into the copolymer in a mixed feed with propylene. This generates random statistical ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP copolymer) chains.
The overall proportion of ethylene units in the random copolymer used in the invention is typically from 3 to i-r more usually 5 to 12 and especially about 6 (for example to mole based on total monomer. The remainder of the units are derived from propylene although a small proportion of other olefin monomers can be included, for example up to 10% by weight of the propylene units of C 4 to
C
1 0 alpha olefin monomers.
Preferably the polypropylene has a melt flow index, ASTM D1238 CONDITION L of 0.5-60 g/10 min and a xylene- 4 soluble content of from 2-6% w/w. More preferably the melt flow index ASTM D1238 CONDITION L of the polypropylene is in the range of 4 to 20 g/10 min and more preferably in the range of 15 to 20 g/10 min.
Wherein high density polyethylene (HDPE) is selected as matrix polymer it is preferred that the HDPE has a melt flow index ASTM D1238 CONDITION E in the range of from to 80 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of from 4 to g/10 min. It is preferred that the density of the HDPE is in the range of from 940 to 965 kg/m 3 more preferably in the range of from 950 to 960 kg/m 3 The matrix polymer may also contain effective amounts of additional polymers such as nylon 6, nylon 66 and polyphenylene oxide.
The impact modifier, the polymer of ethylene and a- ,olefin, typically has a density in the range from 860 to 930 kg/m 3 preferably 890 to 920 kg/m 3 The melt flow index ASTM D1238 CONDITION E of the polymer of ethylene and c-olefin is typically in the range of from 0.1 to 40 20 min, preferably in the range of from 0.3 to 4 g/10 min.
The polymer of ethylene and a-olefin typically comprises up to 70 mole percent of a-olefin. The crystalinity of the polymer of ethylene and a-olefin is related to the a-olefin content. Preferably the a-olefin content is in the range of from 2 to 30 mole percent.
The a-olefin is preferably selected from propene, o: butene, hexene, octene and 1-methylpentene.
It is preferred that the impact modifier be selected from the group consisting of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene-propylene terpolymer (EPT or EPDM) and ethylenepropylene rubber (EPR). Preferably the impact modifier is LLDPE and has a melt flow index ASTM D1238 CONDITION E in the range of from 0.5 to 80 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of from 4 to 40 g/10 min. The LLDPE typically has a density in the range of from 860 to 930 kg/m 3 more preferably 890 to 920 kg/m 3 The impact modifier may be blended with the matrix polymer or manufactured in situ with the matrix polymer, C ~u _si I Wherein the impact modifier is manufactured in situ with the matrix polymer it is conveniently manufactured utilising a 2 step cascade reactor. For example polypropylene/EPR block copolymers and polypropylene/LLDPE block copolymers may be manufactured in this manner.
We have found it preferable that the block copolymer of at least one styrenic monomer and at least one olefinic or diolefinic monomer be grafted with from 0.1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 6, mole percent of a carboxylic acid, acid anhydride or sulphonate functionality.
The block copolymers are preferably selected from the group consisting of: A B; A B A; and (A B)nX wherein A is a styrenic block preferably polymerised from styrene or methylstyrene monomers or combinations I thereof, Cf: wherein B is an olefinic or diolefinic block 20 preferably polymerised from isoprene, butadiene or °combinations thereof, and optionally halogenated to form blocks of fthylene/butylene or ethylene/propylene sequences.
and wherein X is a multivalent cation or a S. 25 multifunctional moiety and n is the valency or o functionality of X. Typically X is silicon or organosilane.
The styrenic monomers for use in the block copolymers are selected from styrene itself and homologues such as a-methyl styrene and the mixed isomers sold commercially as y "vinyl toluene". It is preferred that the copolymers contain from 25-35 mole percent of styrenic monomer.
It is preferred that B is a random copolymer block of ethylene and either butylene or propylene made by halogenating butadiene or isoprene blocks.
6 Typically block copolymers of the type A-B-A are selected from the group consisting of styrene/ethylene/ -butylene/styrene and styrene/ethylene/ propylene/styrene block copolymers (hereinafter SEBS and SEPS respectively) and may be selected frcm any such polymers known to the art which comply with the parameters mentioned herein.
The SEBS and SEPS copolymers may be prepared by the sequential anionic polymerisation of the monomers using known initiators such as alkyl lithium initiators.
Typically block copolymers of the type (A-B)nX are selected from the group consisting of radial SEB and radial SEP block copolymers. The SEB and SEP copolymers for the radial block copolymers may be prepared by sequential anionic polymerisation using known initiators. The polymers are then coupled together by using multifunctional coupling agents known to the art, for example polychlorosilanes.
The block copolymers for use in this invention are preferably grafted with from 0.1 to 20 mole percent of a 20 carboxylic acid, acid anhydride or sulphonate functionality. The preferred acid is acrylic acid and the preferred acid anhydride is maleic anhydride.
It is preferred that block copolymers for use in the present invention are hydrogenated. Hydrogenated block copolymers provide improved weatherability characteristics ,t in the polypropylene composition. The olefins may be hydrogenated by known means.
By the term "opaque" it is meant that the polymer composition is substantially opaque to visible light. The opacifier is present in amounts sufficient to render the yS polymer composition substantially opaque. The opacifier is either a colourants or a filler or a combination thereof.
Typically colourants are present in amounts in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight of the polymer composition. Colourants for us in the present invention may be any of those known to the art and which comply with the parameters mentioned hereinabove. Examples of colourants useful in polymer compositions of the present invention include titanium
I
I i 7 dioxide, carbon black, iron oxide pigments, phthalocyanines, lead chromates and the like.
Typically fillers are present in amounts in the range of from 5 to 50 percent by weight of the pc'ymer composition.
Fillers for use in the present invention may be any of those known to the art and which comply with the parameters mentioned hereinabove. Examples of fillers useful in polymer compositions of the present invention include chalk, dolomite, fibrous and plate-like inorganic fillers.
"Plate-like fillers" are those fillers whose particles have a length and width substantially greater than their depth. The presence of a plate like inorganic filler in the composition of the invention gives the composition increased stiffness. Suitable plate like inorganic fillers include mineral fillers such as clays, mica and especially de Luzenac).
"Fibrous fillers include aramid glass and carbon '0 fibres.
In practice, we have found that the scratch resistance 1 that the polymer compositions in accordance with the present invention exhibit may be even further improved when i the matrix polymer/impact modifier blend contains one or more multivalent metal cations. The multivalent metal 25 cations may preferably be selected from the group a 0* consisting of calcium, zinc, titanium, chronium and vanadium. More preferably the multivalent metal cation is ,zinc.
The multivalent metal cations may be residues from catalysts used in the manufacture of the matrix polymer or impact modifier. The multivalent metal cations may also be in the form of acid acceptors used in the compounding of the matrix polymer or impact modifier. Examples of acid acceptors useful in providing multivalent metal cations are zinc oxide, zinc stearate and calcium stearate.
It is preferred that the multivalent metal cation is provided in the form of zinc stearate in amounts in the range of from 100 to 3000 ppm based on the total weight of polymer.
I 'i 8 While not wishing to be bound by theory it is believed that the block copolymer forms an interface between the matrix polymer and the impact modifier. It is believed that the compatibility of the olefinic or diolefinic block with both the matrix polymer and the impact modifier is important in allowing the block copolymer to form the interface between the matrix polymer and the impact modifier. It is believed the styrenic blocks form glassy vinyl/aromatic domains on both sides of the interface forming melt reversible crosslinks which generally add to the interfacial strength.
Wherein the block copolymer is grafted as hereinabove defined, it is believed that inside these glassy domains the grafted acidic groups form ionic domains with multivalent metal ions, such as those residual from the catalyst or acid acceptors used in the manufacture of the °matrix polymer. These ionic bonds within the ionic domains are also melt reversible and further increase the strength o of the interface between the matrix polymer and the impact S 20 modifier. oo In practice, we have found that the scratch resistance of the polymer composition may be further improved by :adding, to the polymer composition, a fatty acid amide.
This effect appears to be synergistic. Suitable fatty acid amides are of fatty acids with C10 to C25, especially C16 S" to C22, carbon chains. A particularly suitable fatty acid amide is erucamide, available as CRODAMIDE E (Croda Chemicals). The amount of fatty acid amide will usually be up to 1 weight of the composition, particularly 0.1 to and especially about 0.5% by weight of the composition.
In addition to the essential components, the compositions of the invention may also contain ingredients well known to the art to be useful in such compositions, these being included in art-recognised quantities. Such ingredients include antioxidants, UV stabilisers and nucleating agents.
3 0The invention is further described with reference to the following invention.
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Cp 9 Example: A series of compositions 1 to 4 were prepared according to conventional automotive interior formulations and compared with the example constructed according to the invention, composition 5. The composition of Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 1.TABLE 1 COMPOSITIONS Example 1 2 3 4 Talc 15,pm 22.0 22.0 19.0 Propathene LZM 186 71.0 72.0 GWM 101 94.0 GYM 45 94.0 58.0 Tinuvin 770 0.25 0.25 o 20 1 0 0 0 Chimmasorb 944 0.25 0.25 Crodamide 0.50 0.50 Pigment M/B 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 LLDPE; NUC MG 265 Kraton FG1901X Propathene LZM186, GWM101 and GYM45 are polypropylene grades ex ICI Australia. Chimmasorb 944 and Tinuvin 770 00 o 0 are ex Ciba-Geigy. LLDPE; NUC MG 265 is ex Nippon Unicar 35 and Kraton FG190IX is ex Shell.
Propathene LZM186 and GWM101 are ethylene propylene block copolymers and GYM45 is a propylene homopolymer having a melt flow indices (MED) of 24, 4.5 and respectively (ASTM D1238 CONDITION Each has been adequately heat stabilised and contains between 500 and 1000 ppm Zinc Stearate. NUC MG265 is a hexene-based LLDPE of MFI 5.0 (ASTM D1238 CONDITION E).
The compositions 1 to 4 were prepared by tumble blending all ingredients for 15 minutes prior to compounding in a 50mm Farrel Continuous Mixer. Composition was prepared by first compounding the homopolymer, LLDPE L t. i I i, I 15070001.frm HI iI III I and Kraton in a cavity transfer mixer (CTM, Rapra Technologies) of 50mm diameter. The resultant granulated compound was tumble blended with the remaining ingredients prior to extrusion compounding on a 38mm single screw extruder.
Each compoundea cor,,sition was injection moulded into textured plaques of size 160 x 130mm with four automotive grained surfaces ranging from fine stipple to cowhide look.
The plaques were set aside for seven days to allow annealing and scratched using a hand operated scratch tester using weights of 100 to 900g in 100g increments applied to a 1mm hemispherical tungsten stylus which was drawn across the grained surface. The scratches were visually assessed by a panel of four independent observers.
15 The plaques ranked according to the visibility of the ail visible scratch). The rankings of the panel were aggregated to give an overall ranking. Table 1 shows the results. On the polished surface of the plaque, the results were identical, but no damage was found for Composition 5 whilst the other plaques showed considerable scratching.
The results clearly show that the composition which is the subject of this patent, composition 5, gave moulded plaques which were far superior to the conventional compositions of Examples 1 to 4.
4 TABLE 2 SCRATCH RESULTS Observer 1 2 3 4 Sum Overall Composition 4 Rank 1 3 4 4 3 14 3 2 4 3 3 4 14 3 3 5 4 5 5 20 4 2 2 2 2 8 2 1 1 1 1 4 1
Claims (4)
1. An opaque polymer composition comprising a blend of a matrix polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, high density polyethylene and poly-4- methylpenten-1; at least one impact modifier wherein said impact modifier is a copolymer or terpolymer of ethylene and at least one other olefin or diolefin; at least one opacifier selected from the group consisting of colourants and fillers and combinations thereof; and at least one block copolymer of at least one styrenic monomer and at least one olefinic or diolefinic monomer.
2. An opaque polymer composition according to claim 1 wherein matrix polymer is selected from isotactic 8 .polypropylene homopolymers and random copolymers of ethylene and propylene. Ott'
3. An opaque polymer composition according to either of claims 1 or 2 wherein the matrix polymer is high density polyethylene and has a melt flow index ASTM D1238 CONDITION E in the range of from 4 to 40 g/10 min and has a density is in the range of from 950 to 960 kg/m 3 o"4. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the impact modifier has a density in the range from 890 to 920 kg/m 3 and a melt flow index ASTM D1238 CONDITION E in the range of from 0.3 to 4 min. An opaque polymer composition according to any one claims 1 to 4 wherein the impact modifier is selected from the group consisting of linear low density polyethylene, low density polyethylene ethylene- propylene terpolymer and ethylene-propylene rubber.
15070008.FRM 12 6. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the impact modifier is linear low density polyethylene and has a melt flow index ASTM D1238 CONDITION E in the range of from 4 to 40 g/10 min and has a density in the range of from 890 to 920 kg/m 3 7. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the impact modifier may be blended with the matrix polymer or manufactured in situ with the matrix polymer. 8. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the block copolymer is grafted with from 1 to 6 mole percent of a carboxylic acid, acid anhydride or sulphonate functionality. 9. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the block copolymers are selected from the group consisting of: S4A B; .oOo A B A; and (A B)nX wherein A is a styrenic block polymerised from styrene or methylstyrene monomers or combinations thereof; wherein B is an olefinic or diolefinic block polymerised from isoprene, butadiene or combinations thereof to form blocks of ethylene/butylene or ethylene/propylene sequences; 4| and wherein X is a multivalent cation or a multifunctional moiety and n is the valency or functionality of X. opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the styrenic monomers are selected from styrene itself and homologues such as- methyl styrene and the mixed isomers sold commercially as "vinyl toluene". 11. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the copolymers contain from to 35 mole percent of styrenic monomer. 13 12. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein B is a random copolymer block of ethylene and either butylene or propylene made by halogenating butadiene or isoprene blocks. 13. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein block copolymers of the type A-B-A are selected from the group consisting of styrene/sthylene/butylene/styrene and styrene/ ethylene/propylene/styrene block copolymers. 14. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein block copolymers of the type (A-B)nX are selected from the group consisting of radial SEB and radial SEP block copolymers. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14 wherein the block copolymers are grafted with from 0.1 to 20 mole percent of a carboxylic acid, acid anhydride or sulphonate functionality. 16. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15 wherein the carboxylic acid is acrylic 00. acid. .o 17. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16 wherein the acid anhydride is maleic anhydride. i 18. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17 wherein the copolymers for use in the o°0° present invention are hydrogenated. o. 19. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of i claims 1 to 18 wherein colourants are present in amounts in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight of the opaque polymer composition. 1 ~20. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 19 wherein fillers are present in amounts in the range of from 5 to 50 percent by weight of the polymer composition. 21. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 20 wherein the matrix polymer/impact modifier blend contains one or more multivalent metal cations selected from the group consisting of calcium, zinc, titanium, chronium and vanadium. 14 22. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 21 wherein the multivalent metal cation is provided in the form of zinc stearate in amounts in the range of from 100 to 3000 ppm based on the total weight of opaque polymer composition. 23. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 22 further comprising a fatty acid amide of C 16 to C 22 carbon chains. 24. An opaque polymer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 23 wherein the fatty acid amide is erucamide. An opaque polymer composition substantially as hereinabove described with reference to the examples.
4** I I *p Op ICI ATRALI OPERATIO PTY LTD Da e by i Patent Attorne and Duly Autlorised Officer SJohn R Davy 1507MLA.2JD '1 t AUS1507 ABSTRACT The invention relates to opaque polymer compositions and moulded articles having improved scratch resistance wherein the polymer composition comprises a blend of a matrix polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, high density polyethylene and poly-4- methylpenten-1; at least one impact modifier wherein said impact modifier is a copolymer or terpolymer of ethylene and at least one other olefin or diolefin; at least one opacifier selected from the group consisting of colourants and fillers and combinations thereof; and at least one block copolymer of at least one styrenic monomer and at least one olefinic or diolefinic monomer. if^ S* 0 f 0 0 I o 0 I 0 0 0 0( d d I44w
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU36840/93A AU671105B2 (en) | 1992-04-09 | 1993-04-08 | Polymer composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPL180692 | 1992-04-09 | ||
| AUPL1806 | 1992-04-09 | ||
| AU36840/93A AU671105B2 (en) | 1992-04-09 | 1993-04-08 | Polymer composition |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| AU3684093A AU3684093A (en) | 1993-10-14 |
| AU671105B2 true AU671105B2 (en) | 1996-08-15 |
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| AU36840/93A Ceased AU671105B2 (en) | 1992-04-09 | 1993-04-08 | Polymer composition |
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| AU (1) | AU671105B2 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4737536A (en) * | 1985-06-19 | 1988-04-12 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Automobile bumper formed of thermoplastic multicomponent resin |
| EP0509662A1 (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-21 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Resin composition for automobile bumper |
| AU661055B2 (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1995-07-13 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Low molecular weight poly(alkylene) and hydrogenated poly(vinyl aromatic/conjugated diene) block copolymer containing compositions and their novel applications |
-
1993
- 1993-04-08 AU AU36840/93A patent/AU671105B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4737536A (en) * | 1985-06-19 | 1988-04-12 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Automobile bumper formed of thermoplastic multicomponent resin |
| EP0509662A1 (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-21 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Resin composition for automobile bumper |
| AU661055B2 (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1995-07-13 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Low molecular weight poly(alkylene) and hydrogenated poly(vinyl aromatic/conjugated diene) block copolymer containing compositions and their novel applications |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| AU3684093A (en) | 1993-10-14 |
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