AU660862B2

AU660862B2 - Dehydrated animal feed

Info

Publication number: AU660862B2
Application number: AU52616/93A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Philip William Kemp; Thomas Hall Nougher
Original assignee: HEATH SUSAN KEMP; MARJORIE JEAN NOUGHER
Current assignee: Austech Sterile Resource Recovery Pty Ltd
Priority date: 1992-12-22
Filing date: 1993-12-21
Publication date: 1995-07-06
Anticipated expiration: 2013-12-21
Also published as: AU5261693A

Description

660862

AUSTRALIA

Patents Act 1990 d Name of Applicant Actual Inventor(s) Address for Service PHILIP WILLIAM KEMP, HEATH SUSAN KEMP, THOMAS HALL NOUGHER and MARJORIE JEAN NOUGHER.

PHILIP WILLIAM KEMP and THOMAS HALL NOUGHER GRANT ADAMS COMPANY, Patent Trade Mark Attorneys Level 9, National Mutual Centre, 144 Edward Street, BRISBANE. QLD. 4000

AUSTRALIA.

DEHYDRATED ANIMAL FEED Invention Title Details of Associated Provisional Applications Numbers PL6499 The following statement is a full description of the invention including the best method of performing it known to me.

_1 THIS INVENTION relates to dehydrated animal feed. In particular, this invention relates to, but is not limited to, the dehydration of animal tissue material into a dry stable form.

For many years, it has been recognised that there has been a major loss of potentially usable feed resources, especially protein, due to the inability to process the raw material easily and economically. The present method of utilisation of such raw feed resources is basically limited to rendering processes where the material is first cooked and then physically dried.

This method is expensive in both capital equipment and energy costs of production and hence does not lend itself to many applications.

It is the preferred objects of this invention to convert the raw animal material into a stable dehydrated form capable of storage, transportation and use without specialised equipment (for example, refrigeration); and which is relatively inexpensive in *ee 20 terms of capital equipment to establish and lower costs of production.

In one aspect the present invention resides in i: a method of manufacturing animal feed wherein: raw animal material is mixed in bulk with a dry dehydrating material which is capable of absorbing moisture (either chemically or physically) from the material, reducing the percentage of water content in the material in association with altering the physical nature of the parent material; and, physically 30 dehydrating the mixed material to a dry stable product; S.wherein; raw animal material is mixed in bulk with a dry dehydrating material which is capable of absorbing moisture (either chemically or physically) from the material, reducing the percentage of water content in the material in association with altering the physical nature of the parent material; and, physically dehydrating the mixed material to a dry stable product; wherein the dehydrating materials includes at least one or more of the combinations of: bentonites, zeolites, kaolins or other clays in the ratio not exceeding 35% calcium oxide, magnesium oxide or aluminium oxide in the ratio not exceeding 35% diatomite or other diamataceous earths in the ratio not exceeding 35% gypsum, dolomite, limestone, sodium bicarbonate or salt in the ratio not exceeding calcium phosphates and/or phosphoric acid in the ratio not exceeding 35% ferrous sulphate and/or ferric sulphate in the ratio not exceeding 35% grains, starches and gelatinous materials and byproducts of grains (for example, pollard, bran, hulls and the like) including extruded forms in the ratio not exceeding 80% protein grains and oilseed grains and their byproducts including processed and extruded. forms of 25 protein meals in the ratio not exceeding 80% vegetable products and byproducts such as copra meal and palm. kernel meal, gin trash and chopped hay and straw in the ratio not exceeding 75% and animal byproducts such as meat meals, bone 30 meals and blood meals and gelatinous materials in the ratio not exceeding 75% and wherein the raw animal material is mixed with a stabilizer to raise mixture to a Ph not less than The animal materials which may be used (but 35 not limited) include, for example, animal wastes and ~llr offals from slaughter works; domestic animals of little commercial value such as cast for age or drought affected sheep or cattle, or flock reduction sheep; waste or discarded widelife carcasses or parts thereof; poultry offal or cast for age poultry; fish or crayfish offals or non-usable species from catches.

The preferred dehydrating materials which can be used are varied and the particular materials used in particular situations will depend on several factors including: i. The proximity and cost of the dehydrating material to the dehydrating facility; 2. The rate at which the dehydrating needs to be carried out; 3. The intended use of the resultant dried product.

The raw animal material is mixed with a stabilizer to raise mixture to a pH not less than Preferably the mixed material is physically dehydrated to a dry stable product.

Preferably the pH is raised to greater than 10.0, more preferably greater than 12.0.

Preferably the material is treated with the stabilizer while wet and fresh. Preferably treatment is 25 within 24 hours of death and without refrigeration of the material.

The stabilizer may be any suitable alkaline material and may include oxides, hydroxides and salts of .the metallic elements. Examples include calcium oxide, 30 calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphite, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulphate or any two or more in combination.

Dependent on the material with which the 35 produce is to be mixed, the pH level may be reduced or ~4a balanced by the addition of acid.

To any material, during production, may be added optional additional materials which will enhance 00. 0 0.

the nutritional or economic value of the finished product. Such additional materials (although not limited to) may include, for example, rumen modifiers such as monensen or avoparcin, enzymes or bacterial cultures; additional vitamins or minerals; non protein nitrogen sources such as urea; antioxidants, stabilizers, antibiotics, mould inhibitors, preservatives (including salt) and the like; protein and lipid modifiers to alter their rumen digestibility; palatability enhancers such as molasses and byproducts of molasses fermentation.

The resultant dried material may be fed directly to livestock (both ruminants and monogastrics) in a granular or block form; it may be mixed with feed supplements, trace elements, protein meals, cereal protein and oilseed grains, molasses or byproducts of molasses fermentation, hay or the like in any combination for livestock (both ruminant and monogastric) feeding; it may be used as a pet food either as produce or mixed with other materials; and/or it may be used directly or as an ingredient in food for human consumption. Generally the dried material will be mixed at a maximum of 10 15% of the final product.

S.i 25 Some examples of manufactured product are: 1. Fish or marine offal treated with calcium oxide and dried. This material is suitable for mono-gastric rations.

2. Cast for age poultry carcasses treated with 5% calcium oxide, 1% magnesium oxide and 12% zeolite and dried for inclusion in pig rations.

3. Cast for age sheep carcasses treated with milled grain, 10% bentonite and 3% zeolite and dicalcium phosphate and dried for ruminant drought supplementation.

4. Waste kangaroo carcasses treated with calcium phosphate, 5% limestone, 30% bentonite and 12% zeolite and dried for dry season cattle supplementation of cattle (eg. in Northern Australia).

To enable the invention to be fully understood, preferred embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing (FIG. 1) which is a schematic diagram of the apparatus employed in the methods of the present invention.

In the method of the first aspect the dehydrating material is mixed with the raw animal material and then dried. It is usual to mix all oooeo materials at the start but not essential as any ingredient can be introduced at any time during the process. Once mixed, the material is then dried. Any drying system may be used but the normal air flow system is usually most practical. The drying air may be heated but not usually necessary for successful production.

Using minimal dehydrating materials and non-heated air for drying, it is usual for the process to take 24 to 48 hours.

Referring to FIG. i, animal wastes 10 (eg.

cattle carcasses) passed through a mincer or hogger 11, and the dehydrating materials 12 (eg. 20% bentonite, 25 zeolite, 5% limestone and 10% milled cereal grain) are fed to, and mixed in, a mixer 13. The mixture is conveyed (eg. by an auger) to a trommel dryer 14 which is provided with a counter-current airflow by an air fan or blower 16 (and which may be heated by a heater the heater 15 may heat the air flow from the blower 16).

The dried mixture is conveyed to a hammer mill 17 for grinding to a desired granule/powder size and the granulated/powder feed material is conveyed to a packaging/transport area 18.

Referring now to the method of the second

I

aspect, the animal wastes 10 (after passing through the mincer or hogger 11) is mixed in the mixer 13 with stabilizer 12 (calcium hydroxide or sodium carbonate) to raise the pH of the mixture to greater than 8.0, with greater than 12.0 more preferred.

The mixture is dried in the dryer 14, ground in the hammer mill 17 and packed as hereinbefore described.

Where the product is to be used for direct feeding eg in fish feed, acid 19 may be added to the.

mixer 13 (after the initial mixing has occurred) or to the hammer mill 17 to reduce the pH of the final product eg to 6.5 Where the product is to be mixed with acidic materials eg grain, the addition of acid may not be required as the alkaline product may be balanced by the acidity of the grain. As hereinbefore described, the final product will contain a maximum of 10 15% (w/w) of the product.

It will be readily apparent to the skilled addressee that valuable feed, preferably for animals but :also suitable for human consumption, can be produced from substantially value-less animals such as feedstock; and that the resultant feed is suitable for a wide range 25 of potential uses.. The animal feed may also be incorporated in fertilizers.

Various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described and illustrated without departing from the scope of the present invention defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing animal feed wherein: raw animal material is mixed in bulk with a dry dehydrating material which is capable of absorbing moisture (either chemically or physically) from the material, reducing the percentage of water content in the material in association with altering the physical nature of the parent material; and, physical'y dehydrating the mixed material to a dry stable product; wherein he dehydrating materials includes at least one or more of the combinations of: bentonites, zeolites, kaolins or other clays in the ratio not exceeding 35% calcium oxide, magnesiua oxide or aluminium oxide in the ratio not exceeding 35% diatomite or other diamataceous earths in the ratio not exceeding 35% gypsum, dolomite, limestone, sodium bicarbonate or salt in the ratio not exceeding calcium phosphates and/or phosphoric acid in the ratio not exceeding 35% ferrous sulphate and/or ferric sulphate in the ratio not exceeding 35% 25 grains, starches and gelatinous materials and byproducts of grains (for example, pollard, bran, hulls and the like) including extruded forms in the ratio not exceeding 80% S" protein grains and oilseed grains and their 30 byproducts including processed aiv. extruded forms of protein meals in the ratio not exceeding 80% vegetable products and byproducts such as copra meal and palm kernel meal, gin trash and chopped S; hay and straw in the ratio not exceeding 75% and S 35 animal byproducts such as meat meals, bone a r- meals and blood meals and gelatinous materials in the ratio not exceeding 75% and wherein: the raw animal material is mixed with a stabilizer to raise the mixture to a pH not less than

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein: animal material includes, for example, animal wastes and offals from slaughter works; domestic animals of little commercial value such as cast for age or drought affected sheep or cattle, or flock reduction sheep; waste or discarded wildlife carcasses or parts thereof; poultry offal or cast for age poultry; fish or crayfish offals or non-usable species from catches.

3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein: the pH is raised to greater than 10.0, more preferably greater than 12.0.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein: the material is treated with the stabilizer while wet and fresh. 5 A method according to claim 4 wherein: treatment is within 24 hours of death and without refrigeration of the material. 25 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to wherein: the stabilizers may be any alkaline material, including oxides, hydroxides and salts of the metallic elements. 30 7. A method according to claim 6 wherein: the stabilizer includes calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphite, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium 35 sulphate or any two or more in combination. 9*99 .9 9 9 9 9* 99 9* 9 9 99 9

9.* 9* .9* *9 9 9 9 9 9* 9 oo *o oo 0: 4 1' (i 3 Q a 8. A method of manufacturing animrr feed wherein: the pH level of the product, manufactured by anyone of the claims 1 to 7, is reduced or balanced by the addition of acid dependent on the material with which the product is to be mixed. 9. A method according to of claim 8 wherein: optional additional materials are added which will enhance the nutritional or economic value of the finished product; the additional materials including: rumen modifiers such as monensen or avoparcin, enzymes or bacterial cultures; additional vitamins or minerals; non protein nitrogen sources such as urea; &ntioxidants, stabilizers, antibiotics, mould inhibitors, preservatives (including salt) and the like; protein and lipid modifiers to alter their rumen digestibility; palatability enhancers such as molasses and byproducts of molasses fermentation; and any combination of two or more thereof. Animal feed manufactured in the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. Animal feed as claimed in claim 10 for feeding directly to livestock in a granular or block form; mixing with feed supplements, trace elements, protein meals, cereal protein and oilseed grains, molasses or 25 byproducts of molasses fermentation, hay or the like in any combination for livestock used as a pet food either as produce or mixed with other materials; and/or used directly or as an ingredient in food for human consumption, the dried animal feed being mixed at a maximum of 10 15% of the final product.

12. Fertilizer incorporated the animal feed manufactured by the method as claimed in any one of o* "claims 1 to 9. 11 DATED this twenty-fourth day of March 1995. PHILIP WILLIAM KEMP HEATH SUSAN KEMP THOMAS HALL NOUGI3ER and MARJORIE JEAN NOUGHER By their Patent Attorneys GRANT ADAMS COMPANY S ~A Iq ABSTRACT Dehydrated animal feed, which may be fed directly to animals or mixed with other feeds, is manufactured by mixing fresh, wet raw animal material with a dry dehydrating material and physically dehydrating the mixture to a dry stable products. Alternately the raw animal material is mixed with alkaline materials to raise the pH of the mixture to above more preferably 12.0, the mixture is physically dehydrated to a dry stable product. es *.o 44 o* 4 a.