AU6511194A - Optical communications dispersion compensation system - Google Patents
Optical communications dispersion compensation systemInfo
- Publication number
- AU6511194A AU6511194A AU65111/94A AU6511194A AU6511194A AU 6511194 A AU6511194 A AU 6511194A AU 65111/94 A AU65111/94 A AU 65111/94A AU 6511194 A AU6511194 A AU 6511194A AU 6511194 A AU6511194 A AU 6511194A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- optical communications
- optical
- fibre
- communications system
- dispersion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
- H04B10/2513—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
- H04B10/2531—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion using spectral inversion
Description
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS DISPERSION COMPENSATION SYSTEM
This invention relates to optical communications and, in particular, to methods of enhancing the performance of optical communications systems.
In long-distance, periodically amplified soliton communication systems, the principal limit to transmission line capacity arises from spontaneous emission noise introduced at each optical amplifier. The resulting effect, first analysed by Gordon and Haus (JP Gordon and HA Haus, Opt. Lett. 11 665 (1986)) is a timing jitter in the soliton arrival time at the receiver, whose magnitude limits the bit interval and therefore the data rate. Recently it has been shown that soliton timing jitter can be reduced by inline optical filters. (A. Mecozzi , J.D. Moores and Y. Lai Opt. Lett. 16 1841 (1991), Y. Kodoma and A. Hasegawa Opt. Lett. H 31 (1992)) We have found that the jitter can also be substantially reduced by post transmission dispersion compensation.
According to the present invention there is provided an optical communications system having a transmission path including an optical communications fibre having an input port and an output port wherein a compensating element to compensate for a perturbation in an optical signal transmitted along said transmission path is coupled to the output port. According to a particular aspect of the present invention there is provided a soliton communication system in which soliton timing jitter is at least partially compensated by the introduction of post transmission dispersion compensation.
The invention will be described, by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Figures 1 to 3 are graphical representations of experimental results, and Figures 4 and 5 are schematic drawings of communications systems in accordance with specific embodiments of the invention.
Analysis shows that the deviation in a soliton's mean position <At2>1/,2 t is proportional to the magnitude of the of the fibre dispersion |D|. The principle underlying this dependence is that the amplifier-induced frequency jitter is translated from frequency to time, during propagation between amplifiers, via dispersion. For any individual period complete compensation may be achieved by the addition of linear dispersion of equal magnitude and opposite sign. Analysis indicates that in a concatinated chain of amplified sections <Δt 2 can be reduced by one half if post transmission dispersion compensation of half the previous total dispersion is introduced. However, since dispersion leads to temporal broadening, the maximum permissible dispersion compensation may be limited by the soliton bit interval. To estimate the limit to dispersion compensation, we may consider the effect of a purely dispersive element on a Gaussian pulse, E = E0exp{-t2/2t0 2}. At λ •= 1.55μm, the maximum total dispersion Is given by
t0 IYP t il 2 <z- iDi «aχ - — 1 .275l[Λ(f) - J Ps/nm)
where p, the bit interval half-width, and t0 are in ps and f is a factor determined by the final fractional energy required within the bit Interval. For example, final fractional energy requirements, E0/E--j , of 0.7 and 0.9 correspond to f=l and f=1.6, respectively. Thus for a 5GBit/s system operating with 20ps (fwhm) pulses and f = 1.6, this simple formula predicts a maximum dispersion compensation of 580ps/nm, or approximately 1/5th of the optimum for a transmission line of total dispersion 6000ps/nm.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of dispersion compensation we show Figures 1-3, summarising data for a set of 200 realisations of a 5GBit/s, 6000km long transmission line with
20ps solitons and D = lps/nm. For partial reduction of
Gordon-Haus jitter, our calculation has included inline Lorentzian filters of 30x the soliton bandwidth. Their effect is to reduce <Δt2>1/'2 from 8.2ps to 6.6ps after the 6000km propagation, as shown in Figure 1. Figures 2 and 3 show the additional reduction obtainable with increasing dispersion compensation and the corresponding monitors of pulse width and bit interval energy. It can be seen that significant reductions in <Δt2>l/2 can be achieved, with negligible bit energy leakage for total dispersion compensations of up to lOOOps/nm. Therefore this straightforward and "cheap" post propagation technique may be used to enable soliton operation of already installed and unfiltered communication systems. Moreover, it offers additional returns for weakly filtered soliton systems and possible application to frequency multiplexed systems. The principle 1s to use phase conjugation for compensation of dispersion, non-linearity and amplifier noise induced jitter.
In the systems outlined above, we use a dispersive compensating element of opposite sign at the end of a soliton communication system to reduce temporal pulse jitter. If total dispersion of half the system can be used, the RMS jitter is halved. Linear dispersion in the compensating element, however, leads to temporal broadening thus reducing the compensation which can be achieved.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, we spectrally invert the signal (preferably by phase conjugation) and then re-transmit it in a fibre. The fibre into which the signal is subsequently launched may simply be a compensating loop of appropriate length or it may be a further transmission stage of the communications path. This scheme will perform dispersion compensation but has the advantage of allowing soliton propagation in the compensating part and thus eliminates pulse broadening, permitting a full factor of half post transmission compensation. Additionally, the use of this technique also compensates for linear dispersive broadening (not present in
soliton systems) and nonlinear interactions, which latter are very Important in both NRZ and soliton systems.
Our method of compensation uses four-wave mixing (4WM) in a fibre to perform the phase conjugation. In the following description, the term four-wave mixing also includes any other phase conjugation scheme.
Compensation using four-wave mixing can be applied to soliton and NRZ systems but may take slightly different forms in each case. For soliton systems, at the end of the system, the jitter variance is
N <δt2> = Σ (D1Zaj)2<δω2> j-i where Dχ is fibre dispersion (ps/n /Km), Za is amplifier spacing (Km) and N is the number of amplifiers. Spectral inversion leads to Sω ■* -δω. If fibre of dispersion +D2 and length L2 is added the jitter is then N <δt2> = Σ (D1Zaj-D2L2) <δω2> j-l which is minimised for D2L2 = DjZj /2. Thus if total dispersion of the same sign but half the original system dispersion is added, the RMS jitter is reduced to half its previous value.
For soliton system, other undesirable effects will also be compensated by this approach and in particular soliton-soliton interactions. Solitons attract and collapse if they are too close or propagated too far. This attraction is reversed in the compensating link - but since it is half the effective length only 50% reversal is achieved, i.e. back to half way down the original system.
The principle is that the evolution involves dispersion and nonlinearity and is described by the nonlinear Schroedinger equation
θu 1 92u i— + - + |u|2u = 0
8z 2 at2
* The transformation u ■* u (phase conjugation) is equivalent to propagation reversal, i.e. running the equation backwards in direction and time. Thus, in principle, exact compensation is possible for pure NLS effects if the compensating element is equal in length to the transmission line. However, only half the length is desirable for the compensation of noise induced jitter (not in the NLS).)
In soliton systems jitter and SPM compensation can be achieved if the phase conjugation is performed at the midpoint of the system. The jitter reduction is exactly as above, i.e reduction to half its otherwise RMS value, but the soliton-soliton interaction and any other NLS effects are exactly balanced at the end of the system. In fact, if the phase conjugation 1s performed two-thirds of the way down the system, the RMS jitter is reduced by a factor of 3 but the NLS undoing is only 50%, as explained above. The absolute optimum is to perform phase conjugation at every amplifier - this eliminates all jitter and finds practical application in shorter distance systems and NRZ systems where it permits larger amplifier spacing.
NRZ systems are not limited by noise induced jitter, but may be limited by nonlinear effects and in particular by spectral broadening.
In these systems phase conjugation can give compensation for nonlinear and dispersive effects either by post transmission processing or by intermediate operation. In the post transmission processing case it is desirable to have a dispersive and a nonlinear length equal to the system length. In the proposed system TAT12/13 trans-Atlantic communications cables, the intention is to operate with D=0. Thus the second fibre must also have D=0. However, its length can be reduced by
increasing the power relative to the power in the transmission part. Here again four-wave mixing at the midpoint will give exact compensation provided the effect is due to dispersion and nonlinearity. Any nonlinear or frequency dependent loss will reduce the exact balance.
Referring now to Figure 4, a fibre optic communications system 1 passing signals from A to B includes an optical fibre 2 and has an input port 3 and an output port 4. Coupled to the output port is a compensating element 5 including an optical fibre 6 and adapted to introduce dispersion of equal magnitude but opposite sign to that of the signal which has passed through the system 1. In an alternative embodiment (Figure 5) a four wave mixer FWM is connected between substantially identical components 1,2 7,8 of the communications system.
Claims (11)
1. An optical communications system having a transmission path including an optical communications fibre having an input port and an output port characterised in that a compensating element
5 5 to compensate for a perturbation in an optical signal transmitted along said transmission path is coupled to the output port.
2. An optical communications system as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that said compensation element 5 comprises
10 dispersive means adapted to introduce into the transmission path dispersion of opposite sign to that of dispersion introduced by said optical communications fibre.
3. An optical communications system as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that said compensation element comprises
15 inversion means spectrally to invert a signal transmitted along said path.
4. An optical communications system as claimed in claim 3 including a further optical fibre 8.
5. An optical communications system as claimed in claim 4 20 characterised in that said further optical fibre is a further stage in the transmission path.
6. An optical communications system as claimed in claim 4 characterised in that said further optical fibre 8 is a compensating loop.
257. An optical communications system as claimed in claim 3 characterised in that inversion means comprises four-wave mixing means FWM adapted to perform phase conjugation.
8. An optical communications system as claimed in claim 7 characterised in that phase conjugation is performed at at least
30 one amplifier in said transmission path.
9. An optical communications system as claimed in claim 4 • characterised in that the combination of power transmitted along said further optical fibre and the length thereof is selected substantially to compensate for a selected perturbation is said 35 optical signal .
10. An optical communications system as claimed in claim 9 characterised in that the length of said further optical fibre 8 is substantially equal to the length of said optical communications fibre.
11. An optical communications system as claimed in claim 9 characterised in that the length of said further optical fibre 8 is substantially equal to one half of the length of said optical communications fibre.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB939308037A GB9308037D0 (en) | 1993-04-19 | 1993-04-19 | Optical communications |
GB9308037 | 1993-04-19 | ||
GB939320510A GB9320510D0 (en) | 1993-10-05 | 1993-10-05 | Optical communications |
GB9320510 | 1993-10-05 | ||
PCT/GB1994/000824 WO1994024781A1 (en) | 1993-04-19 | 1994-04-19 | Optical communications dispersion compensation system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU6511194A true AU6511194A (en) | 1994-11-08 |
Family
ID=26302775
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU65111/94A Abandoned AU6511194A (en) | 1993-04-19 | 1994-04-19 | Optical communications dispersion compensation system |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0695483A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH08509107A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1125024A (en) |
AU (1) | AU6511194A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9406430A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2160921A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2277651B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994024781A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6680787B1 (en) | 1995-05-17 | 2004-01-20 | Btg International Limited | Optical communication systems |
GB2346025B (en) | 1995-09-11 | 2000-09-13 | Univ Southampton | Optical pulse propagation |
GB9518524D0 (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 1995-11-08 | Univ Southampton | Optical pulse propagation |
GB9524203D0 (en) | 1995-11-27 | 1996-01-31 | British Tech Group | Optical communications |
FR2771570B1 (en) | 1997-11-27 | 2004-09-24 | Alsthom Cge Alkatel | REDUCING COLLISION JIG BY WAVELENGTH EXCHANGE IN A WAVELENGTH MULTIPLEXED SOLITON SIGNAL FIBER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0151188B1 (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1991-11-13 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Method for directly transmitting images |
JP2830485B2 (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1998-12-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | Optical fiber dispersion compensator |
JP2825109B2 (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1998-11-18 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Optical soliton transmission method |
JPH053453A (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-01-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Optical communication system |
US5146517A (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1992-09-08 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Low distortion all-optical threshold device |
FR2681202B1 (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1993-11-12 | Alcatel Cit | OPTICAL COMMUNICATION LINK WITH CORRECTION OF NON-LINEAR EFFECTS, AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING AN OPTICAL SIGNAL. |
US5191631A (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1993-03-02 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Hybrid optical fiber and method of increasing the effective area of optical transmission using same |
JP2743972B2 (en) * | 1992-06-09 | 1998-04-28 | 国際電信電話株式会社 | Optical amplification repeater transmission method and system device |
FR2700901B1 (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1995-02-24 | Alcatel Nv | Soliton transmission system and method. |
-
1994
- 1994-04-19 GB GB9407725A patent/GB2277651B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-04-19 CN CN 94192360 patent/CN1125024A/en active Pending
- 1994-04-19 EP EP94912650A patent/EP0695483A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-04-19 WO PCT/GB1994/000824 patent/WO1994024781A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-04-19 JP JP6522925A patent/JPH08509107A/en active Pending
- 1994-04-19 AU AU65111/94A patent/AU6511194A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-04-19 BR BR9406430A patent/BR9406430A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-04-19 CA CA 2160921 patent/CA2160921A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2277651B (en) | 1997-12-10 |
GB9407725D0 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
GB2277651A (en) | 1994-11-02 |
CN1125024A (en) | 1996-06-19 |
CA2160921A1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
JPH08509107A (en) | 1996-09-24 |
BR9406430A (en) | 1996-01-09 |
EP0695483A1 (en) | 1996-02-07 |
WO1994024781A1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
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