AU6434599A - Video gaming device and communications system - Google Patents

Description

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 VIDEO GAMING DEVICE AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Background of The Invention 5 The present invention relates to video gaming systems and, more particularly, to improvements in communications, accounting and security systems for video gaming machines. In many areas, it is necessary to provide a 10 relatively detailed accounting of each video gaming machine's activity to assure that the machine operates within regulated standards. Meters are often provided to track money input into and money dispensed from the machines. Because money may sometimes be inserted to 15 a machine but not wagered, for example where a player inserts a certain amount of cash or credit but cashes out before betting the entire amount, the simple ratio of money in to money out does not accurately reflect the machine's operational activities. Accordingly, it 20 is helpful to also track the amount of money wagered and the amount of money or credits won by the player. In larger facilities such as casinos, a central computer typically monitors such information for a plurality of embedded system single player gaming 25 machines through a "location controller." Each video gaming machine serially communicates with the location controller to provide appropriate information to the central computer. If the central computer detects an irregularity regarding a particular game, it instructs 30 the location controller to deactivate the game. An exemplary system including a location controller and embedded system circuitry at a video gaming machine for providing information to the location controller is disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,429,361 and U.S. Patent 35 5,470,079, the entire disclosure of each of these WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 2 patents being incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. .OBJECTS . OF THE INVENTION The present invention recognizes and addresses 5 disadvantages of prior art construction and methods. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a video gaming machine system having improved communication with a central computer. It is an object of an embodiment of the present 10 invention to provide a video gaming machine system in which video gaming machines communicate with a central computer without the use of a location controller. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, 15 illustrate one or more embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides an interface device for use in a video gaming device which includes: 10 (a) at least one serial port which has a transmit line for transmitting data to a player station and a receive line for receiving data from a player station, (b) input port means and output port means for communication with a game computer, and (c) processing means for routing data between the said send port and the input and 15 output port means. Buffer means may be provided between the serial port and the processing means. The input port means may include an input buffer and a serial port, and the output port 20 means may include a port and an output buffer. The device may include means for connecting the processing means to input and output devices.

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 5 Preferably the input devices are selected at least from player input buttons or keys, currency acceptor devices, and magnetic and integrated circuit card readers, and the output devices are selected at least from lamps, digital output displays, meters, currency return devices, token dispensers, ticket dispensers and magnetic and integrated circuit card 0 writers. The invention also provides an interactive video gaming device which includes an interface device of the aforementioned kind, a game computer which is connected to the said input port means and output port means, and at least one player station which is connected to [5 the said serial port. The game computer may be connected to a central computer. The device may include a plurality of player stations which are connected in a daisy-chain 20 arrangement to the said serial port. Alternatively the device includes a plurality of player stations which are connected in a star arrangement to respective said serial ports of the interface device. 25 The invention further extends to an interactive video gaming device which includes a game computer which is connected to a central computer and a plurality of player stations connected to the game computer. The invention also provides an interactive video gaming device which includes a central 30 computer and a plurality of daisy-chain connected video gaming machines selected from single player video gaming machines and multiplayer video gaming devices connected to the central computer, each single player video gaming machine including a game computer. 35 According to a different aspect the invention provides a multiplayer video game which WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 4 5 includes a game computer, a daisy-chain configuration of a plurality of player stations connected to the game computer, a central computer and a location controller connected to the central computer and the player stations. The invention also provides a multiplayer video game which includes a game computer, a 10 daisy-chain configuration of a plurality of player stations connected to the game computer, a location controller, connection means between the location controller and the game computer, and a central computer connected to the location controller. The invention further extends to a player station for a video gaming machine which 15 includes processing means, first serial input and output ports which are connectable to an interface device, second serial input and output ports which are connectable to a central computer or other similar player stations, a plurality of input devices, a plurality of output devices, and control means connecting the input devices and the output devices to the processing means. 20 The invention also provides a method of operating a gaming system which includes the steps of transmitting data directly between at least one player station and a game computer, and transmitting data directly between the game computer and a central computer. 25 The method may include the step of transmitting data successively between a plurality of the said player stations which are serially connected to the game computer. Preferably the method may include the step of transmitting data between the game 30 computer and each of a plurality of player stations which are connected in a star arrangement to the game computer. The method may also include the step of transmitting data between a plurality of single player video gaming machines and the game computer. 35 WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 5 5 The invention also extends to a method of operating a gaming system which includes the steps of transmitting data between a daisy-chain configuration of a plurality of player stations and a game computer, and of transmitting data, via a location controller, between the said configuration and a central computer. Brief Description of the Drawings A full and enabling- disclosure of the present 20 invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a multiplayer 25 interactive video gaming device for use in a system constructed in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a block diagram illustration of a preferred embodiment of a player station that may be used in a multiplayer interactive video gaming device 30 as in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a block diagram illustration of a or concentrator preferred embodiment of an interface device/use in a multiplayer interactive video gaming device constructed in accordance with the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of player station hardware used in a multiplayer interactive video gaming device constructed in accordance with the present invention; 5 Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a or concentrator preferred embodiment of an interface device/use in a multiplayer interactive video gaming device constructed in accordance with the present invention; Figure 6 is a partial schematic diagram of a 10 preferred embodiment of a multiplayer interactive video gaming device for use in a system constructed in accordance with the present invention; Figure 7 is a block diagram illustration of a preferred embodiment of a multiplayer interactive 15 video gaming device in a daisy-chain arrangement; WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 5 6 Figure 8 is a block diagram illustration of a preferred embodiment of a station archi:Cecture used in a multiplayer interactive video gaming device in a daisy-chain arrangement; 20 Figure 9 is a schematic illustracion of an embodiment of a video gaming system in accordance with the present invention; Fiaure 10 is a schematic illustracLion of an embodiment of a video gaming system in accordance with 25 the present invention; Figure 11 is a schematic illustracion of an embodiment of a video gaming system in accordance with the present invention; Figure 12 is a schematic illustracion of an 30 embodiment of a video gaming system in accordance with the present invention; Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a video gaming system in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 14 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a video gaming system in accordance with the present invention, Repeat use of reference characters in the present 5 specification and drawings is intended to represent same or analogous features or elements of the invention.

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 7 5 Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments Reference will now be made in detail to presently 10 preferred embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will apparent to those skilled 15 in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used on another embodiment to yield a still further 20 embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations. Figure 1 depicts a presently preferred embodiment of a multiplayer interactive video gaming device, indicated generally at 10. A cabinet A is divided 25 into player portion 12 and a display portion 14. Display portion 14 and player station 12 are attached by a connection piece (not visible in the view shown) through which communication and power lines may be passed. It should be understood, however, that 30 various cabinet configurations are possible. For instance, the player portion and the display portion may be unitarily constructed. Multiplayer video gaming devices are described in U.S. Patent 5,688,174 and U.S. Patent Applications 08/885,276 and 35 08/903,086. The entire disclosures of the '174 patent WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 8 and the '276 and '086 applications are incorporated by reference herein for all purposes. Player portion 12 is constructed :o simulate a casino blackjack game table. Three player stations 16 5 are disposed on the top counter surface of player portion 12. Each player station 16 includes a keypad 18 and a currency acceptor 20. Each keypad 18 includes a plurality of input keys 22 through which players participate in the blackjack game. In the 10 embodiment shown, the currency acceptor is a bill acceptor configured to receive bills of various denominations. The currency acceptor could also accec: coins. In this embodiment, each keypad 18 includes a 15 first row of five, and a second of two, input keys 22. It should be understood by those ordinary skill in this art that the use, number, and arrangement of such keys can depend upon the nature of the -ideo gaming prog-ram operated within the present invention. For 20 exacple, a blackjack game may require :he use of different keys for different purposes chan a poker game. Bill acceptor 20 accepts bills for betting and'r game fee purposes. A ticket dispenser 19 is mounted at each player 5 station. Players may "cash out" at any time by inpu::ing a proper command at their player station. Upon cashing out, a printer mounted within the cabinet prints a redeemable ticket indicating the player's winnings via ticket dispenser 19. In other 30 embodiments, a single printer is provided in the cabinet to print redemption tickets for all players. A functional illustration of a player station 16 is provided in Figure 2. As indicated above, the player station includes a plurality of input devices 35 24, which may include, for example, player input WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 9 buttons 22 and currency acceptor devices such as bill acceptors 20 (Figure 1). Player station 16 also includes output devices 26, which may include lamps, digital output displays, meters and/or currency return 5 devices such as token dispensers or ticket dispensers 19 (Figure 1), which output currency to players in the form of redeemable tickets. Currency acceptor and return devices may include magnetic card readers/writers and IC card readers/writers to accept 0 and/or pay out currency electronically. Player input messages are transferred from the 28 player stations to a workstation/including a game processor running the video gaming program. The workstation may include a data port, such as a serial 5 port or a keyboard port, an input/output system, and a suitable communication arrangement communicating with a remote game computer. Accordingly, a workstation assembly may comprise a local computer, to receive input from a plurality of player stations, and a 0 remote computer, to receive input signals from the local computer and execute the game program responsively to such signals. The local and remote computers may communicate through any suitable arrangement, for example telephone systems or local 5 area network systems. The remote computer's game processor thereby receives input signals from the data port of the local computer. In this arrangement, a single game processor may operate a plurality of remote player station groups. Alternatively, a 0 workstation assembly may comprise a remote computer and a communications system, such as a telephone system or local area network system, through which multiple player stations communicate with the remote computer. Thus, a plurality of single-player stations 5 separated by relatively long distances may participate WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 10 in a single-player or multi-player game operated by the remote computer. Additionally, however, the workstation may be a personal computer assembly including an input/output 5 system, one or more data ports and a game processor device in a local unit. As should be understood in this art, a personal computer is a relatively small, for example as compared to a main frame, computer that is typically designed for use by a single user or by 10 multiple users through a network. It employs components such as a central processing unit (CPU), memory, and an input/output system by means of an operating system such as WINDOWS95. The CPU is an integrated circuit "chip" that can perform a multitude 15 of operations. The input/output system manages data handling among the CPU and other internal or external components. Thus, the personal computer is a general purpose computer, as opposed to single-program "embedded" system, which may include a dedicated 20 processor device mounted on a printed circuit board and configured to perform a single function. A personal computer assembly may be a board including a processor and an input/output system. It may also include a cabinet and/or various external and internal 25 components, as should be understood in this art. Because it is a multipurpose device, the personal computer assembly typically has no permanent input or output device having direct communication to the circuit board or, if there is more than one board, to 30 the main circuit board. Instead, data is conveyed between input and output devices a-nd the input/output system by data ports. These ports may have predetermined uses, for example to receive input from a keyboard or a mouse or to direct output to a printer 35 or monitor. Personal computers also often include WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 11 expansion slots for additional circuit boards which may, in turn, include their own data ports. Although a personal computer assembly is the workstation type most often discussed herein, it 5 should be understood that this is for exemplary purposes and that all workstation configurations, provided they are suitable for a given embodiment, are within the scope and spirit of the present invention. The remote computer in any of these arrangements may 10 operate a progressive jackpot feature in which all communicating player stations may participate. The player input message is the information input at the player station, for example by player activation of a button or bill acceptor or by system L5 activation of a maintenance condition at a token dispenser, and conveyed to the personal computer through the player station and interface assembly equipment. During the transmission, the message may take a variety of forms. For example, in a preferred 20 embodiment as illustrated in the figures, one type of player input message may be input by pressing a button 22 (Figure 1). As discussed in more detail below, this delivers a signal, for example a pulse, to the player station control mechanism, which identifies the 5 pulse and selects an appropriate ASCII input code. The player station outputs the ASCII input code to the interface assembly, where the interface assembly control mechanism converts the input code to a scan code for transmission to the personal computer. 0 Another type of player input message may be input by activating a bill acceptor. The bill acceptors may deliver input signals to the player station control mechanism in a variety of forms, for example as a series of pulses or as a digital word. It should be WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 12 understood that all such configurations are included within the scope and spirit of the present invention. The internal components:of player station 16 are illustrated functionally in Figure 2 by player station 5 processing system 28, transmitting buffer 30 and receiving buffer 32. In a preferred embodiment, processing system 28 receives data directly from input devices 24. If many input devices are employed on a player station, however, it is possible to create a 10 row/column matrix for routing data via multiplexing to the processing system, as should be understood in this art. In operation, if the processing system 28 detects, for example, a falling pulse indicating that 15 a particular button has been pressed, the processing system associates the pressing of that button with an appropriate code. In a present embodiment, the code is a four character message. The first character indicaces that the message is beginning. The second 20 character indicates the message type, which identifies the message as, for example, a button message or a dollar bill acceptor message. The third character provides the message information, for example that button number three has been pressed. The fourth 25 character indicates the end of a message. The coding prevents information loss and/or message scrambling when the messages are queued or dequeued. After creation of the appropriate code, the message is stored in transmitting buffer 30. A 30 serial port 34 is provided on player station 16 to outpuc the data stored in buffer 30. The serial port converts data from a parallel format to a serial format to transmit and converts from a serial format to a parallel format to receive. Status signals 35 indicate whether the transmitter is available (empty) WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 13 and whether the receiver contains data (full). Two data lines, transmit line 36 and receive line 38, are connected to serial port 34. Processing system 28 monitors a status signal associated with transmit line 5 36. When a "transmitter empty" condition is indicated, the next message character in transmit buffer 30 is transmitted through serial port 34 along transmit line 36. Data received from receive line 38 through serial 0 port 34 is stored in receive buffer 32. Processing system 28 receives messages from buffer 32 and acts according to instructions provided thereby. Thus, processing system 28 may be caused to illuminate lamps at the player station, dispense coins through a token 5 -dispenser, print a cash out ticket, or other desired functions. In a star arrangement, each player station 16 communicates with a central interface device for transferring player input messages to the game computer. As illustrated in Figure 3, each player station communicates by its respective transmit line 36 and receive line 38 with an interface device or concentrator 40 via serial ports 42. Five player stations may be employed within the construction illustrated in Figure 3, although less than five, for example three, may be used. In a daisy-chain arrangement as illustrated in Figure 7, the player stations may be connected in tandem so that messages move in and out of successive player stations until reaching the central interface device. Each player station includes an additional serial port and buffer, and each player station processing system generates new messages to the next player station to pass on a message received from a prior player station.

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 14 Referring again to Figure 3, interface 40 includes receive buffers 44 and transmit buffers 46 corresponding to each player station. An interface. processing system 48 controls the transfer of an 5 information between the receive buffers 44 and interface output buffer 50 and between an interface input buffer 52 and the transmit buffers 46. When processing system 48 receives an incoming message from a receive buffer 44, the processing system converts 0 the message to a scan code which the operating system on the game computer will recognize. The scan codes are routed to and stored in transmit buffer 50, which communicates with the game computer via interface keyboard port 54. A transmit line 56 connects 5 interface keyboard port 54 with a game computer keyboard port. Processing system 48 monitors transmit line 56 and, when no data is present on transmit line 56, outputs the scan codes stored in transmit buffer 50 :o the game computer over transmit line 56 through 0 keyboard port 54. The scan codes are received by the game computer thro-uah its keyboard port. The use of the game computer keyboard port has certain advantages. For example, general purpose computers are typically sold with operating systems configured to receive and recognize scan codes from the keyboard port. Thus, the game program may be constructed around the standard keyboard key strokes that the scan codes represent, and the video gaming programmer may rely on the built-in operating system to receive and process input data without having to program a custom data operating and error checking system. Some recent operating systems, for example WINDOWS95, receive and process data from operating system ports other than the keyboard port, for example certain COMM ports.

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 15 While the operating system does not recognize "key up" and "key down" events from these other ports, applications running on the operating system may otherwise take advantage of the operating system to 5 deliver data from them. For illustrative purposes, not for purposes of limitation, communication by keyboard port is primarily discussed herein. Data is routed between the player stations and the game computer through processing systems 28 and LO 48, illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, and the input and output buffer systems, without loss of information. Thus, if two players press input buttons at their respective player stations simultaneously, both input messages will be received by the game computer. .5 Commands from the game computer to player station output devices are transmitted to interface input buffer 52 via interface device serial port 58. Processing system 48 receives messages from buffer 52, determines to which player station the command should 0 be forwarded, and stores the command in the appropriate output buffer 46 for transmission to the player station via the corresponding serial port 42. If the system is daisy-chained, only one transmit buffer is required. As each message is received by a 5 player station, it is relayed to and examined by the next player station. If the message is found to be for this player station, that station's processing system performs the requested action. Processing system 48 may also communicate 0 directly with input devices 24 and output devices 26. These may include the same input and output devices discussed above with respect to the player stations. That is, the input and output devices of a single player station may be directly connected to interface 5 device 40 without a player station processing system WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 16 28 and buffers 30 and 32 (Figure 2) that are associated with the individual multiple player stations. Thus, the game computer/interface assembly may be used with player stations of single player 5 games which do not have such processing systems or buffers. Accordingly, the game computer/interface assembly may be used interchangeably wich a multiplayer or a single player configuration. Video gaming machines may be constructed with removable 10 player station units so that the game may be converted between a multiplayer game and a single player game simply by interchanging the player station unit or units. Provision may be made to reorogram or convert the game computer to a new or previously stored 15 program to enable operation of the new game. In another preferred embodimen:, me interface device may be physically embodied on a player station so zoat this player station communicates with the game computer through the keyboard port. Other player 20 stations output messages to the game computer through this first player station to avoid loss of information. Player station units ma be linked to the first player station in a star or daisy-chain arrangement and may be added or removed zo achieve a 25 desired number of player stations. As described above, processing system 48 receives incoming codes from the player stations and converts the codes to scan codes which the operating system on the game computer will recognize. Since there are a 30 finite number of messages which will come from any player station, a unique scan code- may be assigned to each particular message from each player station. This may be accomplished, for example, by converting player station messages into keyboard scan codes. 35 Thus, in a preferred embodiment, each player station WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 17 includes similar input devices in a similar arrangement and outputs the same messages for the same corresponding devices. processing system 48 assigns scan codes based upon the player station message and 5 the player station itself. Thus, the assignment of the scan code depends upon the particular message and the particular player station from which the message is received. It should be understood, however, that various 10 suitable configurations are possible. For example, while in a preferred embodiment the player station processing systems assign ASCII codes as the player station messages, various coding processes may be employed. Thus, for example, scan codes could be 15 assigned at the individual player stations, eliminating the need to make the assignment at the interface device. In the illustrated local unit embodiment, the game computer is, preferably, an IBM PC/AT compatible 20 personal computer. Thus, the scan codes assigned by processing system 48 are compatible with the operating system provided on those computers. The operating system is configured to receive the scan codes from the computer keyboard port and to use those codes for 25 operating system functions and/or higher level functions. In particular, the IBM PC AT compatible computers may receive the scan codes and convert them to ASCII codes, which may be output to a screen and which may be used in commercial or custom software, 30 including the gaming program. A schematic illustration of a player station is provided in Figure 4. A plurality of buttons, which for example may be installed in groups of up to eight buttons 22 (Figure 1), are indicated at 60. Thus, if 35 three button groups are used, the player station may WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 18 include a total of 24 input buttons. A bill acceptor 20 is controlled by a series of dip switches 66, which may be used to program the bill acceptor to, for example, accept certain bill denominations and/or 5 select serial or pulse mode operation. Output devices includes lamp groups 68 and digital output groups 72. As with the button groups, each lamp group and each digital output group includes eight lamps and eight digital output devices, 10 respectively. It should be understood, however, that all of the available input and output devices may not necessarily be employed in a particular game; the exemplary construction illustrated in Figure 4 merely indicates that they are available. Other output 15 devices include a token dispenser and/or ticket dispenser indicated at 78. Data is transmitted to or from-ch'ese input and output devices on 8-bit data bus 80 and is controlled by field programmable gate array 82. Gace array 82 20 may be, for example, a Xilinx XC3042 or XC5202 gate array or other suitable device. Data transfer from the player sta:ion is controlled by a processor 84 which, in one preferred embodiment, is an 8051-compatible microcomputer having 25 one or two on-chip serial ports. It should be understood that other processing devices may be used, for examDle those including on-board EPROMs. Although processor 84 includes a certain amount of memory, SRAM 86 provides additional storage. Together, this memory 30 serves as the player station buffers. EPROM 88 provides storage for the programmi-ng for processor 84 and the look-up tables by which input codes may be assigned to particular input signals. A PAL (not shown), for example a 20V8 PAL, is provided to decode 35 the microprocessor address range into three ranges - WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 19 EPROM, processor and input/output devices, including the gate array. In operation, processor 84 controls gate array 82 to input and output data to and from the input devices 5 and output devices. An internal logic signal of the gate array 82 causes gate array 82 to send an interrupt signal to processor 84 every 25 milliseconds. In response to this interrupt command, processor 84 orders gate array 82 to sequentially 10 place the contents of the data registers of the respective button groups on data bus 80. Thus, if a player presses one of the buttons in a particular button group, the corresponding position in the button group register in the gate array changes state. L5 Following the next 25 millisecond interrupt signal, processor 84 causes gate array 82 to output the contents of that button group's register, in order among the other button groups, to common bus 80. In the embodiment depicted in Figure 4, a button group .0 may include up to eight buttons so that each button position of the button group register may correspond to a data line on eight bit bus 80. Thus, of the eight data lines input to processor 84 from bus 80, seven are at a normal state while one has changed 5 state due to the pressed button. Because processor 84 causes gate array 82 to output the button group registers to the common bus in a certain order, processor 84 knows which button group is connected to the common bus at any time. In this manner, the 0 processor identifies the particular button group from which it receives an input message.. The particular button or buttons within the button group is determined by the line or lines on common bus 80 that have changed state.

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 20 Once processor 84 determines that a particular button in a particular button group has been pressed, it generates an ASCII code corresponding to that particular button. This can be done, for example, 5 either by an algorithm that is part of the processor 84 program or according to a lookup table stored in EPROM 88. Once the code is established, it is translated into a message which is stored in a transmit buffer in SRAM 86 until processor 84 0 determines that the serial transmitter 89 of serial port 34 is free. When the output line is free of data, processor 84 outputs the stored ASCII codes from SRAM 86 through serial port 34 to the output data line. 5 If two or more buttons in a button group are simultaneously pressed, processor 84 converts each signal into a corresponding ASCII code and stores signals in SRAM 86 according to a predetermined order, for example depending upon the data line over which D they were received. The corresponding messages are output through serial port 34 in the order in which they are stored in SRAM 86. By this protocol, simultaneous button activations are accommodated without information loss. This assumes, however, that the activation of all the buttons represents information - data that the game program should receive to operate properly. In some games certain buttons, for example "Bet" or "Hit" buttons, are inappropriate at certain times. While the game program itself may be configured to ignore the data resulting from these button activations once such data is received, the program may control processors 84 and 96/t0Sars these buttons so that the data is not forwarded to the game computer. Additionally, the processors may be programmed to WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 21 recognize one or more button activations, and not recognize one or more others, when buttons are simultaneously activated where the latter buttons may always be ignored in favor of the former buttons. In 5 any event, the video gaming device may be configured to ignore button activations which do no: represent information while maintaining the ability to process those simultaneous button activations chat do. Processor 84 may also receive inputs from bill 10 acceptor 20, token dispenser 78 and/or ticket dispenser 19 through the gate array. Alternatively, bill acceptor 20 may communicate directly with processor 84 through serial port 85, as indicated by dashed line 87. The inputs from bill acceptor 20 15 primarily relate to the amount of currency input by the player. Inputs from the token dispenser generally concern errors, for example that there are insufficient tokens in the dispenser. Inputs from ticket dispenser 19 may include error signals but may 20 also include signals indicating, for example, that a ticket has been printed and dispensed. These devices are programmed to cutput an appropriate message to gate array 82 in a predetermined format, for example ASCII hexadecimal. 25 Upon receipt of such a message, gate array 82 stores a digital signal indicating the origin of the message and sends a second interrupt signal to processor 84. Upon receipt of this type of interrupt signal, processor 84 reads the identifying signal stored in 30 gate array 82 and causes gate array 82 to pass the input from that particular device to common bus 80 where it is read by processor 84. Processor 84 converts these messages, either by a program algorithm or by a lookup table, to an ASCII code which is output 35 by serial port 34.

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 22 Processor 84 may drive a parallel printer 83 to print redeemable coupons. This arrangement may be used in place of a.ticket dispenser that outputs preprinted tickets in fixed denominations. In 5 addition, a central printer driven by the game computer may be used instead of individual player station printers. Data commands to a player station are received through serial port 34 by processor 84, which stores 10 the command in SRAM 86. The command will identify a particular output device, for example ticket dispenser 19 or a lamp in a lamp group 68. Assuming the latter, processor 84 writes appropriate data on bus 80 to drive the particular lamp, while preserving the 15 previous state of the other lamps in the group, and instructs gate array 82 to apply this instruction to the appropriate lamp group. Instructions to bill acceptor 20, token dispenser 78 and ticket dispenser 19 are generally in the form of digital words which 20 are downloaded to the particular devices through gate array 82. These output devices are configured to receive this information and act accordingly. The particular construction and configuration of these devices are well known in the art and need not be 25 described herein. Player station 16 also includes two nonvolatile and 91A. RAM/real-time clocks 91/for maintaining data between power cycles and for power-off intrusion detection. The battery-powered devices remember how many tokens 30 are deposited during a vend cycle as the tokens are being deposited. Thus, if the machine is to deposit ten tokens, but power fails after only six are deposited, the NVRAM/RTCs 91 notify processor 84 and/or the game computer that four additional tokens 35 should be deposited. As indicated in Fiqure 4, WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 23 NVRAM/RTCs 91 communicate with processor 84 through gate array 82. Two NVRAM/RTCs 91 are provided for error checking purposes. During a vend cycle, for example, one 5 NVRAM/RTC 91 is incremented before a token is deposited, and the other is incremented after the token is deposited. Accordingly, following a power up, a vend cycle or a token deposition, microprocessor 84 detects an error if the registers of the two 10 NVRAM/RTCs do not agree. In this case, processor 84, the game computer or a central computer may shut down further operations of the player station 16 until the error is resolved. NVRAM/RTCs 91 also provide a security function. 15 ' In a preferred embodiment, switches are disposed at the game machine's money pit and electronics pit so that if the door to either is opened, a line is pulled low. Each line is connected to a respective NVRAM/RTC 91 so that if it goes low, the memory register for the 20 respective NVRAM/RTC 91 is cleared. If processor 84 detects this condition, for example following power-up or after a periodic scan, an error is detected, and the processor or game computer stops the player station's activity until the error is resolved. 25 Further, upon detection of an error processor 84 may output an appropriate message through serial port 34 to a central computer that, in turn, may provide notification to an operator. In investigating and attempting to resolve the error, the operator may 30 communicate with processor 84 through serial port 93 with an appropriate computer or other device. As indicated in Figure 4, serial ports 93 and 95 are on chip ports of processor 84. Serial port 95 may be used as an alternative port by which to communicate WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 24 with the central computer or other player stations, as discussed in more detail below. Player stations 16 communicate with the game computer through a concentrator board 40 (Figure 3). 5 A schematic illustration of concentrator board 40 is provided in Figure 5. In the star arrangement, each player station communicates with concentrator board 40 from the player station's serial port 34 (Figure 4) to a serial port on the concentrator board. Four serial 10 port groups 90 are provided on the concentrator board. Each serial port group 90 includes four serial ports, each having an input line and output line. Thus, each serial port group has eight data lines in communication with an eight bit data bus 92. 15 Accordingly, in the configuration illustrated in Figure 5, sixteen player stations may be connected to concentrator board 40, although in preferred embodiments three or five player stations are employed. 20 Field programmable gate array 94 controls communication of data along bus 92 between a processor 96 and the ports and devices communicating with the bus. Any suitable processing device, for example an 8051-compatible microcomputer, may be used. Gate 25 array 94, EPROM 98 and SRAM 100 may include the same or similar components as the corresponding components on the player stations. EPROM 98 stores the program executed by processor 96. Processor 96 may include its own internal memory 30 for use as buffers. Preferably, however, SRAM 100 is included to provide additional membry. A player input message from a particular player station is received at a serial port, which communicates with that player station, in one of the 35 serial port groups 90, where it is stored in the WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 25 serial port group register. Upon receipt of an interrupt signal periodically sent by gate array 94, processor 96 instructs gate array 94 to sequentially connect the register of each serial port group 90 to 5 the eight data lines of common bus 92. In this manner, processor 96 is able to determine from which serial port, and therefore from which player station, it receives data. Processor 96 stores the incoming data either in its internal memory or in SRAM 100. 10 As discussed above, the incoming messages are in the form of ASCII codes. Processor 96, either by computer program algorithm or by a look up table stored in EPROM 98, assigns a scan code appropriate for the particular ASCII character from the particular 15 player station. The scan code is then stored in SRAM 100. Processor 96 monitors the status of keyboard output port 102 by gate array 94. If the output data line is clear, processor 96 outputs the stored scan 20 code from SRAM 100 over bus 92 to gate array 94 to keyboard output port 102. Keyboard output port 102 communicates with the game processor via a personal computer keyboard port. Data may be downloaded from the game computer via .5 a keyboard input port 104 or serial port 106. If data is downloaded to keyboard input port 104, gate array 94 sends a second interrupt signal to processor 96, which then instructs gate array 94 to put the data on common bus 92 for storage in SRAM 100. Data 0 downloaded through serial port 106 is stored by processor 96 in SRAM 100. If the -incoming message is a command for a player station, processor 96 causes gate array 94 to connect the appropriate serial port in the appropriate serial port group 90 to common bus 5 92 and outputs the command to the common bus.

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 26 Concentrator board 40 also includes connections for button groups 108 and 110, lamp group 112, digital output device group 114, switches 116, bill acceptor 118, token dispenser 120, and ticket dispenser 122. 5 These connections are provided for direct connection of Their associated devices to concentrator board 40. Thus, concentrator board 40 may be configured to function as a single player station, operating as described above regarding player stations 16 (Figure .0 4). Thus, in a preferred embodiment, a game cabinet may be constructed housing a personal computer assembly and a concentrator board assembly wherein the player stations are removable. Thus, multiple player stations may be installed and connected to serial 5 poros in serial port groups 90 for communication to the game computer through the concentracor board. The game may, however, be converted to a single player game by removal or deactivation of The multiple player stations and installation of a single player station 0 whose components connect directly to The concentrator bcard 40 as indicated in Figure 5. Multiple alternative game and operating programs may be stored in. or programmed into, the game processor and the co:nentrator board processor so that They may operate 5 in :ne new configuration. Thus, a game assembly may be convertible between a single player and a mul1:iplayer configuration. Although the button groups, serial ports, lamp groups and output device groups are illustrated in 0 Figure 5 as being connected to bus 92 so that gate array 94 may selectively connect their registers to the bus, it should be understood that these devices may be connected to the bus through the gate array. Figures 7 and 8 illustrate a daisv-chain arrangement of the present invention. In the WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 27 embodiment illustrated in these figures, a serial port of game computer 124 is the head of a bidirectional RS-232 network:implemented using intelligent controller cards, each having two serial 5 communications ports termed the "up" and "down" ports. In general, commands from the game computer flow-first into the concentrator up port, the first external node in the network. Commands from the game computer are echoed to the concentrator down port and output to the 10 first player station, player station 16a, up port. If the command is intended for processing by this player station, the command message is parsed and queued. Otherwise, the message is echoed to the player station's down port and output to the next player 15 station up port. Player input messages generated by the player station and player input messages received from other player stations through the player station's down port are queued and dequeued, for example in round-robin fashion, to the station's up 20 port as complete messages as they become ready. Command messages and player input messages are processed at the non-interrupt level. Serial port buffers are managed at the interrupt level. This prevents loss of data when the processor is busy with 25 local tasks. In this fashion, command messages are passed from the game computer to specific player stations, and input messages from the player stations are passed up to the game computer. The concentrator 40 receives 30 command messages from the serial communications port of game computer 124. It routes input messages from player stations to the game computer through its keyboard port. Thus, input messages may be directed to the computer as keyboard scan codes as described 35 above.

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 28 Each of the tandemly-linked player stations illustrated in Figure 7 may be configured as shown in Figure 4 with the use of serial ports 34 and 95. Thus, one of the serial ports is used as the up port, 5 and the other is used as the down port. The up ports and down ports are bidirectional. Thus, assuming player station 16 illustrated in Figure 4 is player station 16b illustrated in Figure 7, the up serial pcrt 34 receives command messages from, and outputs 10 input messages to, the down port of player station 16a, while the down port receives input messages from, ar outouts command messages to, the up port of player station 16c. Command messages received by the up port are stored in SRAM 86. The command message includes 15 an identifier indicating for which player station it is intended. Processor 84 reads the identifier and, if th'e command message is intended :or player station 1Et, acts upon the message as describDed above. If, hc;evrer, the command message is intended for player 20 station 16c, processor 84 directs thie message to the dco.n cort for output to player station 16c. Player station 1Gb receives ingu: messages from player station 1Gc through its down port and stores them in SRAM 86. Since these messaces are intended 25 for the game computer, processor 84 directs them to player station 16a through the up port. The input messages from player station 16b are also passed to player station 16a through the up port. Processor 84 may simultaneously receive and store 30 messages from its dual serial ports (the up and down pcrts). If a message is to be pas-sed through the player station, processor 84 may simply direct the message from one serial port to the other, or it may place the message on SRAM 86 for output at a later 35 time. In any event, a player station may process WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 29 command and input messages received from external sources while generating its own input messages without losing information even if, for example, a command message and an input message are received at 5 the same time a button is pressed at the player station. Thus, from the perspective of player station 16b, the interface between it and game computer 124 is concentrator 40 and player station 16a. A receive-only serial device, such as sign 142, 10 may be connected on the end of the chain. The network messaging protocols may be designed to allow other devices to be connected without mutual interference. That is, the message formatting for the player station network may be different than that used by the sign, 15 and the two protocols may coexist without interference. Figure 8 illustrates one preferred player station network architecture. There are three distinct processing levels for handling network traffic. At 113 20 the hardware level/ two standard on-chip serial communications ports/ha landah 3 Bda t a serialization and 115 deserialization. At the interrupt level/, the on-board processor handles characters received from or sent to the serial ports. At the interrupt level, the 115A and 115B 25 processor manages two receive buffers/and two transmit 115C 115D 117 buffers/. AL the applications level where all of the application's code has the same execution priority, the processor queues and dequeues messages in three 1171\j 1.17B, 117C 11 7A_ queues/ n input queue/holds parsed command messages 30 for processing b the application firmware. Two 11 B 117C output queues/hold complete input messages from the player station to be passed, using an arbitrary prioritization scheme, to the up port's output buffer. Round-robin prioritization, for example, may be used 35 to empty the output queues.

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 30 The above description illustrates both a star and daisy-chain arrangement. The concentrator and player stations support either topology. While the concentrator arrangement may exhibit superior 5 performance, the daisy-chain arrangement is, generally, less expensive. The choice among star, daisy-chain and a combination of the two arrangements will depend upon the requirements of a specific application. .0 Referring now to Figure 6, personal computer assembly 124 houses a game processor such as a CPU 126, for example a PENTIUM processor, for executing a blackjack gaming program responsively to the player input messages from player stations 16 (Figure 4). An 5 input/output system such as a BIOS 128 receives the input messages from concentrator board keyboard output port 102 (Figure 5) by keyboard porch 130 and bus 132. BIOS 128 outputs a signal to CPU 126 over a bus 134. As should be understood by those of ordinary skill in 0 the art, BIOS 128 may decode or encode signals received by CPU 126 depending upon, for example, the conf:auration of the personal computer assembly. Moreover, a variety of circuitry configurations are possible within the range of personal computers. 5 For example, a variety of input/output, memory (for example RAM 136), buses, and other devices may be arranged in various suitable configurations. Furthermore, various methods may be employed utilizing such devices and configurations in communicating 0 information between keyboard port 130, or other suitable data input port, and CPU 1-26. It should be understood that all suitable such personal computer configurations may be employed in accordance with the present invention.

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 31 As it executes a video card gaming program, CPU 126 outputs video display signals to a monitor 138 via a parallel port 140. The video card gaming program executed by CPU 126 permits interactive participation 5 by a plurality of players at player stations 16 (Figure 1). The video card gaming program is preferably written in an "event-driven" language such a Visual Basic or Visual C. An event-driven program performs LO operations responsively to "events-," such as the depression of a push button that, in turn, causes BIOS 128 to output a signal to CPU 126. As should be understood by those of ordinary skill in this art, personal computers are generally equipped with L5 operating systems which are configured to manage communication between the personal computer and the software programs. In particular, the operating system is configured to recognize certain signals, for example scan codes received by the keyboard port and 0 to convert such signals into predetermined codes, for example ASCII codes, which may be utilized by the program. In a preferred embodiment, personal computer assembly 124 is an IBM-compatible system using a MSDOS-compatible operating system. The scan codes 5 assigned by the concentrator board (Figure 5) are converted by the operating system to ASCII codes which are utilized in operation of the video card gaming program. Although a variety of card gaming programs may be 0 utilized in accordance with the present invention, in one presently preferred embodiment CPU 126 is configured to execute a blackjack game wherein the gaming program generates a "dealer's" blackjack hand on monitor 138 that is visible to the players at the 5 player stations. The players submit wagers, accept or WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 32 reject card "hits," and select game options via the keys at the player stations. The player's hands are displayed:on monitor 138 along with the dealer's hand in a manner similar to the display of cards on a 5 casino blackjack table. Various versions of the basic blackjack or "21" game are known and may be employed in accordance with the present invention. Various types of metering devices may be employed within the system. For example, an "in" meter may be LO used co count the amount of money put into the gaming machine. The construction of such meters, which should be well understood in the industry, need not be described herein. Typically, however, the meter is a relatively simple counter which is incremented by 5 pulses. The in meter may be implemented within a system of meters 101 as shown in Figure 4. Thus, one or more such meters may communicate with common bus 80 directly or through gate array 82. In operation, the game computer may receive data 0 from a player station's bill acceptor 20 corresponding to an amount of currency accepted. The game program recognizes this amount and causes the game computer or processor 84 to output an appropriate number of pulses to the in meter so that the in meter properly 5 increments, thereby recording the amount of money input at the player station. The number of pulses sent to the meter depends upon the denomination by which the meter is to count. For example, if the machine accepts currency in dollar, or greater, 0 increments, the meter may increment for each dollar input at the machine or player station. Thus, if a player inputs a five dollar bill, the meter is incremented five times. By controlling the meter through the game 5 program, various types of bill acceptors may be used, WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 33 for example those which output data by pulses or by digitally formatted signals. Various types of currency may be accepted, for example paper, coins or electronic media. 5 Other such meters may be attached within the system in a similar fashion for other purposes. For example, the game program may increment an "out" meter to record the amount of money cashed out at the machine or player station, for example through a coin 0 or bill hopper, ticket dispenser or electronic output mechanism. The program may also increment a "credits played" meter, to record how much money is wagered at a player station, and a "credits won" meter, to record the amount of money returned to the player station as 5 winnings. Additionally, switches may be provided at certain game doors, as described above, so that the game computer is notified of openings and/or closings. Upon notice of a door or drawer opening, the game computer may increment a meter installed for this 0 purpose. Such an arrangement may serve a security purpose, since the game's owner or operator may monitor the meter to assure that the game has not been opened since the previous meter reading. It should therefore be apparent that various game "events" may be metered using the arrangement and construction of the present invention. The meters may be employed in a variety of game configurations. For example, as described above, they may be used in conjunction with an interface assembly as described herein that facilitates communication between player stations and a workstation running the game. They may also be used, however, in arrangements without such an interface assembly, such as embedded systems or networked player stations not employing a common interface. In an embedded system, the meters WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 34 can communicate with a dedicated processor on a printed circuit board directly, for example through direct wiring to the circuit board, or indirectly, for example through processors at the player stations. 5 The dedicated processor can increment the meters appropriately as events, such as money in, money out, money wagered, money won and door openings or closings, occur. In the networked arrangement, the meters may be incremented by a server, either directly 0 or through the player stations, or by player station processors. As noted above, one or more meters may be employed to record data for each player station. Alternatively, in a multiplayer game, a group of 5 meters may be used to record such data for the multiplayer game as a whole, rather than per player station. Such meters may be attached as peripheral devices to the concentrator board 40 (Figure 5) or to one of the player stations. Furthermore, meter 0 groups, whether for use with the gaming machine as a whole or with individual player stations, may be placed on their own boards. Such a board may include, for example, a memory device, a microprocessor and, possibly, an FPGA. Its construction and operation 5 would be similar to that of the player station 16 arrangement illustrated in Figure 4, but on a smaller scale. In a star arrangement, such a board could communicate with an interface processing system 48 by a serial port 42 (Figure 3). In a daisy-chain 0 arrangement, the meter board, or boards, may be linked with the player stations. Moreover, the player stations themselves may be constructed by multiple such boards, each containing a certain group of input and/or output devices. Thus, a 5 player station may have a board for its meters and a WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 35 separate board for its buttons. In this manner, defective components may be replaced without requiring replacement of the entire player station hardware. Further, a cabinet may be more easily reconfigured to 5 play a different game which might require a different configuration of certain player station devices. Moreover, it should be recognized that the hardware arrangements illustrated in the figures are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to 0 limit the present invention. For example, the gate arrays on the player stations and the concentrator board could be replaced with other appropriate circuitry. Accordingly, it should be understood that any suitable design is within the scope and spirit of 5 the present invention. Figure 9 illustrates a system in which video gaming machines may communicate with a central computer without a location controller. In Figure 9, a multiplayer video gaming machine 10 includes a game 0 computer 124 (for example a personal computer) communicating with three player stations 16 through a concentrator board 40 in a star configuration. As noted above, game computer 124 receives information from, and outputs information to, each player station 5 16. Thus, game computer 124 is able to calculate all metering data associated with each individual player station. Game computer 124 communicates this information to a central computer 140 through a modem 142 or, for example, a direct wire link from a data port on computer 124. Modem 142 may be an on-board modem within computer 124 or a separate modem with which the computer communicates by a modem card. In this manner, computer 124 provides security and activity information for each player station 16. For example, messages from computer 124 to central WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 36 computer 140 may include an address that identifies a given player station so that the central computer can identify the message with that player station and respond accordingly. For example, in systems where a 5 location controller identifies a particular game by the port over which data is received and outputs serial data to the central computer identifying the game, the game computer 124 may be programmed to communicate with the central computer using the same 0 protocol used between the central computer and the location controller. Thus, the present invention may replace a location controller in an existing system without requiring that the central computer be reprogrammed. 5 The game computer may provide a variety of data to the central computer. For instance, if game ccouter 124 receives a message from a player station that its money pit door has been opened without authorization, this information may be provided to 0 central computer 140 so that the central computer may take appropriate action directed to -hat player station. For example, the central computer may direct an operator to the player station and/or instruct game computer 124 over modem 142 to shut down operation of 5 the player station. In the latter case, the return message from the central computer to game computer 124 includes an address or other code structure identifying the player station to which the instruction applies. As noted above, game computer 124 receives all metering information, for example money in, money out, credits played and credits won, from player station 16. It is therefore able to communicate this information to central computer 140 through modem 142. If central computer 140 at any time determines that a WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 37 player station 16 is operating improperly, for example by not maintaining an appropriate return ratio, the central computer may issue a command to game computer 124 to shut down that player station. Concentrator board 40 may also communicate with single player video gaming machines 144 that would otherwise communicate with central computer 140 through a location controller. These are conventional video gaming machines configured to output serial data to a location controller. In this embodiment, however, the data line from each game 144 is directed to a serial port 42 (Figure 3) of concentrator board 40. As should be understood in this art, information directed to the location controller is provided in a standard protocol. Thus, the concentrator board processor is programmed to read such signals and to output signals to game computer 124 that include the information carried by the signals from the single player games and that identify the particular games 144 from which the information was received. If the single player games are not adapted to provide an identifying address or code in their output signals, the concentrator board processor may be programmed to add this information, identifying a game 144 by the particular serial port from which a signal was received. Game computer 124 may be programmed to output all signals, whether pertaining to player stations 16 or single player games 144, in a format in which central computer 140 would expect to receive information from a location controller. Central computer 140 may also -issue instructions to shut down a game 144 that is not operating properly. Game computer 124 receives this instruction and outputs an appropriate signal to the concentrator board in response. The concentrator board processor WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 38 then directs an appropriate instruction, for example in a format in which the game 144 would expect to receive such an instruction from a location controller, to the serial port corresponding to the 5 appropriate game. Game computer 124 identifies the appropriate game 144 in its message to the concentrator board processor. The system may also be effected in a daisy-chain arrangement. One such arrangement is illustrated in D Figure 10, in which game computer 124 communicates with a first player station 16 which tandemly communicates with two downstream player stations. As discussed above with respect to Figure 4, the first player station communicates with game computer 124 and the subsequent player station 16 through its serial ports 34 and 95, and the second player station 16 communicates with the upstream and downstream player stations through its serial ports 34 and 95. The final player station 16 communicates with its upstream player station and a concentrator board 40 through its ports 34 and 95. The concentrator board 40 may be constructed as illustrated in Figure 3, except that the keyboard port 54 is not used. Specifically, concentrator board 40 communicates with the upstream player station 16 and each of the single player games 144 through respective serial ports 42. When the concentrator board processor receives information from a particular game 144, it identifies the game (either by data included in the message or by the identity of the particular serial port from which the informat-ion was received) and outputs a message to the upstream player station 16 that identifies the nature of the message (i.e., that it is intended for the game computer 124 rather than one of the player stations), the identity of the WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 39 game 144, and the message information. As discussed above with respect to daisy-chain configurations, the upstream player stations pass the message on to game computer 124 that, in turn, outputs an appropriate 5 message carrying the information to central computer 140. Central computer 140 may communicate with player stations 16 and single player games 144 through game computer 124, which directs messages down the chain to a particular player station as discussed above or to concentrator board 40 for output to the serial port 42 (Figure 3) corresponding to the particular game 144. As noted above, concentrator board 40 is able to operate player station components. Thus, rather than adding an additional board, concentrator board 40 may be used in place of the last player station 16 in Figure 10 while also directing message traffic to and from the games 144. As an alternative to the concentrator board arrangement illustrated in Figure 10, each game 144 may be retrofit with a board having a processor, at least three serial ports and appropriate memory, for example using such components as described above regarding the player station board illustrated in Figure 4. It should be understood, however, that the game boards may employ any suitable circuitry, for example replacing the processor with suitable logic circuits. The first game board serial port is used to communicate between the board and the game 144. This function may require an additional serial port, one for input and one for output, depending on the game's configuration. The other two serial ports perform the up" and "down" functions as described above with respect to daisy-chained player stations. That is, one serial port is used to communicate with downstream WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 40 devices while the other is used to communicate with upstream devices. Thus, a message intended for a particular game 144 may be output from the last player station to subsequent game boards until the message reaches the board on the correct game. The message includes an address identifying the game so that it is recognized by the game board's processor, which then outputs an appropriate message to the game through the first serial port. Messages from the game 144 to the central computer are output through the game board first serial port and are directed by the game board processer to the game board up port for output to upstream game boards and player stations to the game computer 124, which then communicates with central computer 140. Tandemly linked player stations retrofit with such boards are schematically shown in Figure 11. In an alternate arrangement, the upstreammost game 144 may output directly to a data port of game computer 124, as shown by a dotted line 147. As noted above, a single player video gaming machine may be constructed using a game computer and a single player station 16 or concentrator board 40 as discussed above with respect to Figures 4 and 5. In this case, any number of single player or multiplayer games may be daisy-chained together as shown in Figure 12. The game computer of each downstream game communicates with its adjacent upstream game by a data port on the upstream game's game computer or by a player station serial port. The game computer of the upstreammost game communicates with central computer 140 through a modem 142 or through-a direct line connection from a data port of the game computer. Where enough serial ports are provided on the player stations, all upstream and downstream communications may be effected through player station serial ports.

WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 41 Moreover, it should be understood that various suitable configurations are possible. For example, a game computer having USE technology can communicate with up to 127 serial devices on each USB port. Thus, a game computer having one or more USE ports could perform the function of concentrator board 40 in Figure 10. It should be understood that all suitable arrangements and component configurations are included within the scope and spirit of the present invention. Multiplayer video gaming devices in accordance with the present invention may be employed in existing systems having location controllers. Referring to Figure 13, a multiplayer game 10 includes a game computer 124 and three player stations 16 arranged in a daisy-chain configuration as discussed above. Referring also to Figure 4, each player station has four serial ports. Two of the serial ports 34 and 95 function as the up and down ports. One of the other ports 85 and 93, however, communicates with a location controller 146. Player station processor 84 is configured, in conjunction with game computer 124, to output information corresponding to each particular player station in the same output format as games 144. Thus, central computer 140 and location controller 146 are able to treat each player station 16 as if it were a separate game. Instructions directed from the central computer to a player station through the location controller are detected by the player station processor 84. Thus, processor 84 and/or game computer 124 is able to shut down the operation of a given player station 16 responsively to central computer 140 without affecting the operation of the other player stations. An alternate embodiment is provided in Figure 14. Here, player stations 16 are disposed in a daisy-chain WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 42 arrangement with respect to game computer 124. Rather than communicating directly with each player station, however, location controller 146 receives player station information from a board 148. Board 148 may include a processor, at least four serial ports and appropriate memory as described with regard to such components illustrated in Figure 4. It should be understood, however, that board 148 may employ any suitable circuitry, for example replacing the ) processor with suitable logic circuits. Game computer 124 accumulates information associated with each player station and outputs messages specific to a given player station to one of the serial ports on board 148. The board 148 processor receives these messages and directs an appropriate message to a particular serial port corresponding to a particular player station 16. The game computer and/or the board 148 processor may configure the messages so that they are output at these serial ports in a format compatible with local controller 146. Thus, local controller 146 sees three separate inputs corresponding to three separate player stations, permitting these player stations to be treated by central computer 140 as separate game machines. The processor of board 148 is programmed to receive instructions from central computer 140 and to output an appropriate message identifying the intended player station 16 to game computer 124 so that game ) computer 124 may take appropriate actions with respect to that player station. Where the -configuration of central computer 140 and location controller 146 permit, board 148 may be omitted so that game computer 124 may communicate with the central computer through the location controller over a single serial data WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 43 line. Alternatively, location controller 146 may communicate with game computer 124 over three serial lines where game computer 124 includes sufficient serial ports. It should also be understood that the 5 player stations of Figures 13 and 14 may be arranged in a star configuration. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above, it should be understood that any and all equivalent realizations of the present 0 invention are included within the scope and spirit thereof. The embodiments depicted are presented by way of example only and are not intended as limitations upon the present invention. Thus, while particular embodiments of the invention have been 5 described and shown, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in this art that the present invention is not limited thereto since many modifications can be made. Therefore, it is contemplated that any and all such embodiments are included in the present invention.

Claims (39)

1. 2. An interface device according to claim 1 which includes buffer means between the serial port and the processing means. 15
2. 3. An interface device according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the input port means includes an input buffer and a serial port, and the output port means includes a port and an output buffer. 20 4. An interface device according to claim 3 wherein the said port is a keyboard port.
3. 5. An interface device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 which includes means for connecting the processing means to input and output devices. 25
4. 6. An interface device according to claim 5 wherein the input devices are selected at least from player input buttons or keys, currency acceptor devices, and magnetic and integrated circuit card readers, and the output devices are selected at least from lamps, digital output displays, meters, currency return devices, token dispensers, 30 ticket dispensers and magnetic and integrated circuit card writers.
5. 7. An interface device according to any one of claims I to 6 wherein the processing means, upon receiving a message on the receive line, converts the message into WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 45 5 a scan code for recognition by the game computer and for transmission on the output port means.
6. 8. An interface device according to any one of claims I to 7 wherein the processing means, upon receiving a message on the input port means, determines the 10 player station for which the message is intended, and causes the transmission of the message via the corresponding transmit line.
7. 9. An interface device according to claim 1 which includes control means for controlling data communication between the processing means and the serial port and 15 between the processing means and the input port means and output port means.
8. 10. An interface device according to claim 9 wherein the control means includes gate array means. 20 11. An interface device according to claim 9 or 10 wherein the processing means, upon receiving a message from a player station on the receive line, assigns a scan code to the message which corresponds to the said player station.
9. 12. An interface device according to claim 11 wherein the processing means 25 outputs the scan code, through the output port means, to the game computer.
10. 13. An interface device according to any one of claims 9 to 12 wherein the input port means is selected at least from a keyboard input port and a serial port. 30 14. An interface device according to any one of claims 9 to 13 which includes means for connection to devices selected at least from the following: a button group, a lamp group, a digital output group, switches, bill acceptor means, token dispenser means and ticket dispenser means. 35 15. An interactive video gaming device which includes an interface device WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 46 5 according to any one of claims 1 to 14, a game computer which is connected to the said input port means and output port means, and at least one player station which is connected to the said serial port.
11. 16. A video gaming device according to claim 15 wherein the game computer 10 is connected to a central computer.
12. 17. A video gaming device according to claim 15 or 16 which includes a plurality of player stations which are connected in a daisy-chain arrangement to the said serial port. 15
13. 18. A video gaming device according to claim 16 or 17 wherein a receive-only serial device is connected to an end of the daisy-chain.
14. 19. A video gaming device according to claim 15 or 16 which includes a 20 plurality of player stations which are connected in a star arrangement to respective said serial ports of the interface device.
15. 20. A video gaming device according to any one of claims 15 to 19 which includes at least one single player video gaming machine connected to a respective serial 25 port of the interface device.
16. 21. A video gaming device according to claim 20 which includes a plurality of the said single player video gaming machines connected in a star arrangement to respective serial ports of the interface device. 30
17. 22. An interactive video gaming device which includes a game computer which is connected to a central computer and a plurality of serially connected player stations connected to the game computer. 35 23. A video gaming device according to claim 22 wherein the player stations WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 47 5 are serially connected to the game computer.
18. 24. A video gaming device according to claim 22 wherein the player stations are connected in a star arrangement to the game computer. 0 25. A video gaming device according to claim 22, 23 or 24 which includes a plurality of single player video gaming machines connected to at least one player station.
19. 26. A video gaming device according to any one of claims 22 to 24 which includes a plurality of single player video gaming machines connected to the game 5 computer.
20. 27. A video gaming device according to any one of claims 22 to 26 which includes an interface device according to any one of claims I to 14 and a plurality of single player video gaming machines connected in a star arrangement to the interface device. 0
21. 28. An interactive video gaming device which includes a central computer and a plurality of daisy-chain connected video gaming machines selected from single player video gaming machines and multiplayer video gaming devices connected to the central computer, each single player video gaming machine including a game computer. 5
22. 29. A video gaming device according to claim 28 wherein each single player video gaming machine includes an interface device according to any one of claims I to 14.
23. 30. A multiplayer video game which includes a game computer, a daisy-chain 0 configuration of a plurality of player stations connected to the game computer, a central computer and a location controller connected to the central computer and the player stations.
24. 31. A multiplayer video game according to claim 30 which includes a plurality 5 of single player video gaming machines connected to the location controller. WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 48 5 32. A multiplayer video game which includes a game computer, a daisy-chain configuration of a plurality of player stations connected to the game computer, a location controller, connection means between the location controller and the game computer, and a central computer connected to the location controller. 10 33. A multiplayer video game according to claim 32 which includes a plurality of single player video gaming machines connected to the location controller.
25. 34. A multiplayer video game according to claim 32 or 33 wherein the said connection means includes a processor, serial ports and memory means. 15
26. 35. A player station for a video gaming machine which includes processing means, first serial input and output ports which are connectable to an interface device, second serial input and output ports which are connectable to a central computer or other similar player stations, a plurality of input devices, a plurality of output devices, and 20o control means connecting the input devices and the output devices to the processing means.
27. 36. A player station according to claim 35 wherein the input devices are selected at least from player input buttons or keys, currency acceptor devices, and 25 magnetic and integrated circuit card readers.
28. 37. A player station according to claim 35 or 36 wherein the output devices are selected at least from lamps, digital output displays, meters, currency return devices, token dispensers, ticket dispensers and magnetic and integrated circuit card writers. 30
29. 38. A player station according to any one of claims 35 to 37 wherein the control means includes gate array means.
30. 39. A player station according to any one of claims 35 to 38 which includes 35 clock means for maintaining data between power cycles and for power-off intrusion WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 49 5 detection.
31. 40. A player station according to any one of claims 35 to 39 in combination with an interface device according to any one of claims I to 14 which is connected to the said first serial input and output ports. 10
32. 41. A player station according to any one of claims 35 to 40 which is configured to have a first processing level to handle data serialisation and deserialisation, a second processing level to manage messages received from, or sent to, the serial ports, and a third processing level for executing application code according to a queuing routine. 15
33. 42. A video gaming device according to any one of claims 15 to 27 wherein the or each player station is according to any one of claims 35 to 41.
34. 43. A multiplayer video game according to any one of claims 30 to 34 wherein 20 the or each player station is according to any one of claims 35 to 41
35. 44. A method of operating a gaming system which includes the steps of transmitting data directly between at least one player station and a game computer, and transmitting data directly between the game computer and a central computer. 25
36. 45. A method according to claim 44 which includes the steps of transmitting data successively between a plurality of the said player stations which are serially connected to the game computer. 30 46. A method according to claim 44 which includes the step of transmitting data between the game computer and each of a plurality of the said player stations which are connected in a star arrangement to the game computer.
37. 47. A method according to claim 44, 45 or 46 which includes the step of 35 transmitting data between a plurality of single player video gaming machines and the game WO 00/16273 PCT/ZA99/00085 50 5 computer.
38. 48. A method according to claim 47 wherein data transmitted between the single player video gaming machines and the game computer is routed through an interface device. 10
39. 49. A method of operating a gaming system which includes the steps of transmitting data between a daisy-chain configuration of a plurality of player stations and a game computer, and of transmitting data, via a location controller, between the said configuration and a central computer. 15