AU6294900A - Bi-or terthienyl substituted photochromic naphtho(2,1-b)pyran compounds - Google Patents
Bi-or terthienyl substituted photochromic naphtho(2,1-b)pyran compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU6294900A AU6294900A AU62949/00A AU6294900A AU6294900A AU 6294900 A AU6294900 A AU 6294900A AU 62949/00 A AU62949/00 A AU 62949/00A AU 6294900 A AU6294900 A AU 6294900A AU 6294900 A AU6294900 A AU 6294900A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- group
- photochromic compound
- naphtho
- pyran
- bithien
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- WIFWCSTVYGGLAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4ah-benzo[f]chromene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C3=CC=COC3C=CC2=C1 WIFWCSTVYGGLAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OHZAHWOAMVVGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-bithiophene Chemical compound C1=CSC(C=2SC=CC=2)=C1 OHZAHWOAMVVGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- VCMLCMCXCRBSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-benzo[f]chromene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=C(C=CCO3)C3=CC=C21 VCMLCMCXCRBSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003186 propargylic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229950011260 betanaphthol Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical group FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006682 monohaloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006684 polyhaloalkyl group Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006264 polyurethane film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009917 Crataegus X brevipes Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013204 Crataegus X haemacarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009685 Crataegus X maligna Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009444 Crataegus X rubrocarnea Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009486 Crataegus bullatus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017181 Crataegus chrysocarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009682 Crataegus limnophila Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000004423 Crataegus monogyna Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000000171 Crataegus monogyna Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002313 Crataegus paludosa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009840 Crataegus x incaedua Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 41
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- -1 propargylic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 11
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- JKJWYKGYGWOAHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) carbonate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)OCC=C JKJWYKGYGWOAHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- QWGILDLZXGCLSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCC#C.OCC#C QWGILDLZXGCLSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 6
- JHQVCQDWGSXTFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoxycarbonyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enyl carbonate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)OCC=C JHQVCQDWGSXTFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101100030361 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) pph-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBQDPNHVFRFCFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-pentoxybenzoyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCCOC1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1 IBQDPNHVFRFCFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- MGGVALXERJRIRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-2-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-5-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)O MGGVALXERJRIRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- YLDFTMJPQJXGSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromo-2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 YLDFTMJPQJXGSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMRKDYNVZWKAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1h-naphthalen-2-one Chemical compound C1C(=O)CCC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 RMRKDYNVZWKAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNALUTYMBUBKNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-naphthalen-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 MNALUTYMBUBKNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101100272976 Panax ginseng CYP716A53v2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGZICOVULPINFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;butanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCC(O)=O UGZICOVULPINFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- SKCUYCAPQSWGBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylprop-2-enyl) carbonate Chemical compound CC(=C)COC(=O)OCC(C)=C SKCUYCAPQSWGBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFVHVYKVRGKLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-methoxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 RFVHVYKVRGKLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004648 butanoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- MPVDXIMFBOLMNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1615565 Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 MPVDXIMFBOLMNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZBQUMMFUJLOTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloronickel;3-diphenylphosphaniumylpropyl(diphenyl)phosphanium Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCC[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZBQUMMFUJLOTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFBYZUWVSCBFNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophen-2-ylmethanone 2-thiophen-2-ylthiophene Chemical compound S1C(=CC=C1)C(=O)C=1SC=CC1.S1C(=CC=C1)C=1SC=CC1 WFBYZUWVSCBFNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000013383 initial experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[Br-] OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001623 magnesium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HTJPDOPKPWUNBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;2h-thiophen-2-ide;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].C=1C=[C-]SC=1 HTJPDOPKPWUNBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SFMJNHNUOVADRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[5-[9-[4-(methanesulfonamido)phenyl]-2-oxobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-1-yl]-2-methylphenyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound C1=C(NC(=O)C=C)C(C)=CC=C1N1C(=O)C=CC2=C1C1=CC(C=3C=CC(NS(C)(=O)=O)=CC=3)=CC=C1N=C2 SFMJNHNUOVADRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-diol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(O)=CC=C21 NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MEMWNTAFSYIKSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyran Chemical compound O1C=CC=C=C1 MEMWNTAFSYIKSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QERYCTSHXKAMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CS1 QERYCTSHXKAMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006478 transmetalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
- B32B17/10486—Variable transmission photochromic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/23—Photochromic filters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Description
Bi- or terthienyl substituted photochromic naphtho[2,1-b]pyran compounds The object of the present invention is photochromic compounds, more 5 particularly heterocyclic compounds of the naphtho[2,1-b]pyran family substituted by bi- or terthienyl groups, as well as their use in the field of materials and articles with variable optical transmission. When photochromic compounds are subjected to irradiation containing ultraviolet radiation (sunlight, xenon or mercury lamps), they undergo a 10 reversible colour change. When the radiation ceases, they return to their original colour. Much research has been carried out in recent years on organic materials for optical applications. Particular attention has been paid to ophthalmic lenses, glazing for buildings, windscreens for cars or aircraft, and helmet visors whose 15 transparence in the visible may be modified by photochromic molecules. For this type of application using sunlight (heliochromism), the active photochromic compound must satisfy a number of criteria, including : - a strong colorability in the visible after light excitation (colorability is the measure of the capacity of a photochromic compound to give an intense 20 colour); - an absence of coloration (or very slight coloration) in its initial state; - rapid kinetics of thermal decoloration at ambient temperature; - low decoloration by visible light; and - high coloration speed. 25 One of the major difficulties encountered with photochromic compounds is obtaining a compromise between strong colorability and rapid discoloration kinetics. Under continuous solar irradiation, a photostationary equilibrium is established between those molecules which are colouring under the action of ultraviolet light and those which are discolouring under the combined action of 30 temperature and visible light. Thus an increase in the speed of discoloration frequently causes a reduction in colorability. The applicant company has discovered a new family of naphtho[2,1 b]pyrans substituted with bithienyl or terthienyl groups which have particularly advantageous photochromic properties. 35 The compounds according to the invention, in comparison with naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans of the prior art, show an at least equivalent colorability for 2 higher coloration speeds and discoloration speeds. Other properties observed for these compounds are : - an absence of coloration or very slight coloration in the original state; - particularly long lifetime; 5 - sensitivity to low-energy ultraviolet radiation (wavelengths greater than 380 nm); - an absorption of the coloured forms at long wavelength (539 nm and higher). These properties overall render these compounds particularly 10 advantageous for the manufacture of photochromic materials, in particular those comprising a transparent polymer substrate such as organic glasses with variable optical transmission (lenses for sunglasses, glazing for buildings, windscreens for cars or aircraft, and helmet visors). The photochromic compounds may be directly incorporated into the 15 organic glass substrate or dissolved in a polymer film joined to the organic glass substrate. The photochromic compounds according to the invention contain a [3H]naphtho[2,1-b]pyran structure and are characterized by the fact that they contain at least one bithienyl group, substituted or not, in one of positions 5 to 20 10 of the naphthalene ring of the [3H]naphtho[2,1-b]pyran structure and at least one bithienyl or terthienyl group, substituted or not, in position 3 of said structure and excluding compounds of [3H]naphtho[2,1-b]pyran structure containing a single bithienyl group in position 3 of said structure and a bithienyl group in position 7 of the naphthalene ring. 25 The photochromic compounds according to the invention preferably contain a bithienyl group in position 5, 6, 8-10 of the naphthalene ring. More particularly, the compounds of the invention correspond to the following general formula: R1 2 1 10 9 38 2 R7 30 5 6 (I) where Th 2 represents the formula (II): 3 (II) in which: R represents a substituent occupying one of the positions 3, 3', 4, 4' or 5 5', preferably 5', and is selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an OR 3 , SR 3 , COR 3 or COORs group where R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an amino group, an NO 2 , CN or SCN group, a halogen atom, a mono- or polyhaloalkyl group, R 1 designates a Th 2 group as represented by the formula 10 (II) or a terthienyl group (Th 3 ) as represented by the formula (Ill): 4 3 3 14 3 S 55 R where R is a substituent as defined above occupying one of the positions 3, 3', 15 3", 4, 4', 4", 5", preferably 5", and R2 may be a Th 2 group as defined by formula (II), a Th 3 group as defined by the formula (Ill), an aryl group, a naphthyl group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, a pyrrolyl or N-alkylpyrrolyl group. In this definition of R 2 , an aryl group represents a phenyl, a phenyl mono 20 or polysubstituted by one or more alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, amino, halogen, or ORa, SR 3 , COR 3 or COORs substituents (where R 3 has the same definition as above); the R 2 of the naphthyl type may be substituted with the same substituents. The heterocyclic groups (thiophene, furan, pyrrole) may be benzo 25 condensed and the benzo group may carry alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, OR 3 , SR 3 ,
COR
3 or COOR 3 (where R 3 has the same definition as above) amino, NO 2 , CN or SCN, or mono (or poly)haloalkyl substituents.
R
1 preferably represents a Th 3 group. In the bithienyl and terthienyl substituents, the alkyl groups are preferably 30 C1-C6 alkyl groups, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl; the cycloalkyl groups are preferably C5-C7 cycloalkyl groups, for example cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl; the aryl groups preferably represent a 4 phenyl, a phenyl mono- or polysubstituted by one or more C 1
-C
6 alkyl, C 5
-C
7 cycloalkyl, phenyl and amino substituents; the halogens preferably represent Br, CI, and F; and the mono (or poly) haloalkyl groups are preferably mono (or poly) chloro or fluoro C 1
-C
6 alkyl groups, for example CF 3 . 5 The compounds represented by formula (1) may be prepared by the coupling reaction of an appropriately substituted propargylic alcohol (A) with a 2-naphthol carrying a bithienyl group (B) (scheme 1). This reaction is performed in dichloromethane in the presence of an acid catalyst (PPTS : pyridinium paratoluenesulfonate): 10 A B where R 1 , R 2 and Th 2 have the definitions above. Scheme 1 15 The propargylic alcohols may be prepared as described in scheme 2, by the action of lithium acetylide on an appropriately substituted ketone. 1 1 RR R O+ HC M CLi 2' Ce CH R2 R O A 20 Scheme 2 The preparation of the naphthols (B) may be performed in two different ways depending on whether the bithienyl group will occupy the 7 position or the other positions (5, 6, 8-10) on the target molecule (1). The preparation of 5-(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-2-hydroxynaphthalene 6 25 (precursor of the naphthopyrans (I) substituted in position 7 by the Th 2 group) is performed in four stages as shown in scheme 3. Bithienyl magnesium bromide 2 (obtained by a transmetallation reaction starting from 2,2'-bithiophene 1) reacts with 6-methoxy-1-tetralone () to give the derivative 4. After an oxidation reaction in the presence of chloranil (2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobenzoquinone), the 30 resulting compound 5 is demethylated by boron tribromide in dichloromethane 5 to give the desired naphthol 6. Q-Q 1) nBli/EM 2 O f-k-f-I 09C (4wMsBr '' 2) MZ Br.O (Et) 2 1 2 2 6 A.. 'R 5 Scheme 3 The naphthols of type 9 (used to produce naphthopyrans (1) substituted in the 5, 6, 8, 9 or 10 position by a Th 2 group) are prepared by a coupling reaction catalysed by a palladium catalyst such as Pd(PPh 3
)
4 between the boron derivative 7 of bithiophene and a bromo-2-naphthol (scheme 4) or a 2 10 naphthol substituted by a triflate group, the bromo substituent or triflate group occupying one of positions 3, 4, 6-8 of the naphthalene ring. cH 3 + 3'4 15 Scheme 4 The naphthopyrans of the present invention show particularly advantageous photochromic properties compared to those of molecules of the same family of the prior art and in particular to [3H]naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans having a bithienyl substituent in position 7 of the naphthalene ring. A toluene solution of 20 the compounds of formula (1) colours and discolours very rapidly at ambient temperature. The major advantage of these new compounds is that the rapid responses to coloration and discoloration do not cause the significant reduction 6 in colorability which might be expected, and may even sometimes be accompanied by an increase in colorability. Another advantage of the compounds according to the invention is that they colour under the action of ultraviolet light with a wavelength greater than 5 380 nm, whereas the majority of similar compounds from the prior art colour little or not at all under the same conditions. This property makes possible the use of this type of photochromic compound in the manufacture of transparent articles from organic glass absorbing ultraviolet radiation of shorter wavelength (glazing for buildings, aircraft or car windscreens), in particular for the 10 manufacture of spectacle lenses or helmet visors. The compounds according to the invention may be directly introduced into the transparent polymer matrix or incorporated in a composition intended to be applied to a transparent organic polymer material. In this case, the compounds object of the invention are dissolved in an appropriate solvent (for 15 example chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, benzene) and incorporated into a polymer solution (for example polyurethane, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate) in the same solvent. The compositions are then applied in the form of a film of a few micrometres in thickness onto a transparent polymer substrate (such as 20 polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, poly(alkyl acrylate), to obtain a photochromic material which can colour in the presence of ultraviolet radiation and return rapidly to the colourless and transparent state in the absence of the light source. The compounds according to the invention have the advantage of 25 allowing this colour change a large number of times at close to ambient temperatures. More precisely, the compounds according to the invention may be introduced into a composition intended to be applied to or introduced into a transparent organic polymer material to obtain a transparent photochromic 30 article. They may also be introduced into solid compositions such as plastic films, plates and lenses to produce materials usable in particular as ophthalmic lenses, sunglasses, viewfinders, camera optics and filters, glazing for buildings, aircraft or car windscreens and helmet visors. The liquid compositions which are an object of the invention are 35 essentially characterized by the fact that they contain the compounds according to the invention in dissolved or dispersed form in a medium based on solvents 7 suitable to be applied to or introduced into a transparent polymer material. Solvents which may particularly be used are organic solvents selected from benzene, toluene, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 5 dioxane, ethylene glycol methyl ether, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, methylcellosolve, morpholine and ethylene glycol. When the compounds according to the invention are dispersed, the medium may also contain water. According to another embodiment, the compounds according to the 10 invention may be introduced into and preferably dissolved in colourless or transparent solutions prepared from polymers, copolymers or mixtures of transparent polymers in an appropriate organic solvent. These polymers and copolymers may include the polyurethanes, the poly(meth)acrylates, the polyallyl(meth)acrylates, the cellulose derivatives, such 15 as nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate and ethylcellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, poly(alkyl)styrene, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Examples of such solutions are, amongst others, solutions of nitrocellulose in acetonitrile, polyvinyl acetate in acetone, polyvinyl chloride in methyl ethyl ketone, polymethyl methacrylate in acetone, cellulose acetate in 20 dimethylformamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone in acetonitrile, polystyrene in benzene, ethylcellulose in methylene chloride. These compositions may be applied to transparent substrates such as polyethylene glycol terephthalate, borax paper, cellulose triacetate and dried to obtain a photochromic material which can colour in the presence of ultraviolet 25 radiation, and which returns to the colourless and transparent state in the absence of the radiation source. The photochromic compounds according to the invention or the compositions containing them described above may be applied to or incorporated into a solid transparent organic polymer material suitable for 30 transparent articles such as ophthalmic lenses or materials which may be used in sunglasses, viewfinders, camera optics and filters, glazing for buildings, aircraft or car windscreens and helmet visors. Suitable transparent solid materials which may be used to produce ophthalmic lenses according to the invention include the polyol (allyl carbonate) 35 polymers, the polyacrylates, the poly(alkyl acrylates) such as the polymethyl methacrylates, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose propionate 8 acetate, cellulose butyrate acetate, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), the polyurethanes, the polycarbonates, the polyethylene terephthalates, the polystyrenes, the (polystyrene-methyl-methacrylates), the styrene acrylonitrile copolymers, the polyvinyl butyrates. 5 Transparent copolymers or mixtures of transparent polymers are also suitable to produce such materials. Examples of these are materials prepared from polycarbonates such as poly(4,4'-dioxydiphenol-2,2-propane), polymethyl methacrylate, the polyol (allyl carbonates) such as in particular diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate) and its 10 copolymers such as for example with vinyl acetate. Suitable materials are in particular the copolymers of diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate) and vinyl acetate (80-90/10-20) and also the copolymer of diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate) and vinyl acetate, cellulose acetate and cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate (80-85/15-20). 15 The polyol (allyl carbonates) are prepared by using the allyl carbonates of aliphatic or aromatic, linear or branched, liquid polyols, such as the aliphatic glycol bis(allyl carbonates) or the alkylene bis(allyl carbonates). Among the polyol (allyl carbonates) which may be used to prepare the solid transparent materials usable according to the invention are ethylene glycol bis(allyl 20 carbonate), diethylene glycol bis(2-methylallyl carbonate), diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate), ethylene glycol bis(2-chloroallyl carbonate), triethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate), 1,3-propanediol bis(allyl carbonate), propylene glycol bis(2-ethylallyl carbonate), 1,3-butanediol bis(allyl carbonate), 1,4-butanediol bis(2-bromoallyl carbonate), dipropylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate), trimethylene 25 glycol bis(2-ethylallyl carbonate), pentamethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate), isopropylene bisphenol bis(allyl carbonate). The most important product is ethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate), also known under the name CR39. The quantity of photochromic compounds to be used according to the invention, either in composition, or at the time of its introduction into the solid 30 substrate, is not critical and generally depends on the intensity of the colour which the composition may impart to the material after exposure to radiation. In general, the more the photochromic compound added, the greater the coloration under irradiation. According to the invention, a sufficient quantity is used to impart to the 35 treated material the property of changing colour on exposure to radiation. This quantity of photochromic compound is generally between 0.01 and 20% by 9 weight and preferably between 0.05 and 10% by weight with respect to the total weight of the optical material or composition. The photochromic compounds according to the invention may also be introduced into a temporary transfer substrate (such as a varnish forming a 5 coating on a substrate) and subsequently transferred thermally into the substrate as disclosed in particular in the patents US-4 286 957 or US-4 880 667. These compounds may be used with other photochromic compounds, such as the photochromic compounds giving different colours such as blue, 10 green known in the state of the art. The spiro(indoline-oxazines), well known in the art, may thus be used. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without in any way being limiting. In the examples, except where stated otherwise, all percentages and 15 parts are by weight. Comparative example 1 Synthesis of 3,7-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(thien-2-yl)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran. S S S 20 Step 1 0.072 mole of 2-bromothiophene and 2 g of [1,3 bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]dichloronickel (11) previously dissolved in 100 ml 25 of anhydrous ethyl ether were introduced into a two-necked 250 ml round bottomed flask fitted with a stirring system and surrounded with a coolant. Freshly prepared 2-thienyl magnesium bromide (0.072 mole) was added at 0*C over about 40 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours. The 10 mixture was cooled in an ice bath and a 10% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid was added slowly until two clear phases were obtained. After decantation, the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl ether (3 x 100 ml). The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate. 5 After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the crude product was purified by chromatography on a silica column, eluted with pure pentane. The 2,2'-bithiophene was obtained in 95% yield Molecular formula: C 8
H
6
S
2 10 Molecular weight: 166.220 Melting point: 32 0 C. Step 2 A mixture under argon of 6 mmoles of 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride, 6 mmoles of the 2,2'-bithiophene prepared in step 1 and 15 ml of anhydrous 15 benzene was cooled in ice-water. 6 mmoles of SnCl 4 were added slowly. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The formation of a precipitate was observed, 30 ml of benzene, then 15 ml of an aqueous 10% hydrochloric acid solution were added. When the precipitate had completely dissolved, the aqueous phase was extracted with benzene. The resulting organic phase was washed 20 with water until a neutral pH was reached, dried over magnesium sulfate then concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting (2,2'-bithienyl) (thien-2-yl) ketone was washed with pentane then filtered. Molecular formula: C 13
H
8
S
3 Molecular weight: 276.404 25 Yield : 83% Melting point : 98 0 C. Step 3 A mixture under argon of lithium acetylide (15 mmoles) and 200 ml of anhydrous THF was cooled to 0*C in an ice-water bath. 1.5 mmole of the 30 ketone prepared in step 2 were added in a single step. The reaction mixture was allowed to return to ambient temperature and stirred for 3 hours. The reaction was monitored by thin-layer chromatography on silica. The solution was then hydrolysed with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride. The water-THF mixture was extracted with ethyl ether. 35 The resulting organic phases were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was '11 chromatographed on silica gel with pentane/dichloromethane mixtures of increasing polarity (50 : 50 to 0 : 100). The 1-(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-1-(thien-2 yl)prop-2-yn-1-ol was isolated in the form of an oil. Yield : 81% 5 Molecular formula: C 15
H
10 0S 3 Molecular weight: 302.441. Step 4 0.018 Mole of the bithiophene prepared in step 3 dissolved in 90 ml of anhydrous ethyl ether were introduced into a three-necked 250 ml round 10 bottomed flask fitted with a stirring system and surrounded with a coolant. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0*C, then 0.021 mole of n-butyl lithium 1.6 M in hexane were added slowly. The reaction proceeded under argon. After an hour, 0.018 mole of MgBr.O(Et) 2 were added to the lithium derivative. 15 The reaction mixture was left for two hours at ambient temperature, then 18 mmoles of 6-methoxy-2-tetralone dissolved in 15 ml of anhydrous ether were added. The mixture was refluxed for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to return to ambient temperature, then cooled (ice bath). A 10% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid was slowly added until two clear phases formed. After 20 decantation, the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl ether (3 x 100 ml). After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the crude product was purified by chromatography on a silica column and eluted with pentane/ethyl ether mixtures of increasing polarity (100 : 0 to 80 : 20). The 1-( 2 ,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3,4-dihydro-6-methoxynaphthalene was isolated in the form 25 of an oil. Yield : 60% Molecular formula : C 19
H
16 0S 2 Molecular weight: 324.467. Step 5 30 27 mmoles of chloranil and 50 ml of anhydrous benzene were introduced into a two-necked 250 ml flask fitted with a stirring system and surrounded with a coolant. The reaction proceeded under argon. 9.2 mmoles of the cycloalkene obtained from step 4, dissolved in 20 ml of benzene, were added drop by drop using a dropping funnel, and the reaction mixture was then refluxed for 5 hours. 35 The cooled solution was filtered over silica under vacuum and then rapidly eluted with ethyl ether. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, 12 the crude product was purified by chromatography on a silica column and eluted with pentane/ethyl ether mixtures of increasing polarity (100 : 0 to 80 : 20). The oily residue was 1-( 2
,
2 '-bithien-5-yl)-6-methoxynaphthalene. Yield : 93% 5 Molecular formula:
C
19
H
14
OS
2 Molecular weight: 322.451. Step 6 8.6 mmoles of the compound obtained from step 5 and 15 ml of freshly distilled CH 2 Cl 2 were introduced into a three-necked 50 ml flask fitted with a 10 stirring system and surrounded with a coolant. The reaction mixture was cooled to 00C, then 11.2 ml (11 mmoles) of a 1 M solution of BBr 3 in CH 2 Cl 2 were added. The addition lasted about 20 minutes. The reaction proceeded under argon. The mixture was then refluxed for 15 hours. The reaction mixture was then allowed to return to ambient temperature, then neutralized with a saturated 15 solution of Na 2
CO
3 until a pH of 7 was reached. The mixture obtained was filtered over celite. After decantation, the aqueous phase was extracted with
CH
2
CI
2 (3 x 10 ml). The organic phases were combined, washed, with water, then dried over magnesium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the crude product was purified by chromatography on a silica 20 column and eluted with pentane/ethyl ether mixtures of increasing polarity (100 : 0 to 50 : 50). The 1-( 2
,
2 '-bithien-5-yl)-6-hydroxynaphthalene was isolated in a yield of 24%. Molecular formula : C 1 8
H
12 0S 2 Molecular weight: 308.424 25 Melting point: 133*C. Step 7 A mixture under argon of 1 mmole of the propargylic alcohol prepared in step 2, 1 mmole of the naphthol prepared in step 6 and 20 ml of CH 2 Cl 2 were stirred. 30 A catalytic quantity of pyridinium paratoluenesulfonate was added at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 6 to 8 hours. The reaction was monitored by analytical thin-layer chromatography. The mixture was poured onto an iced 5% soda solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined, dried 35 over magnesium sulfate, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on a silica column eluted with 13 pentane/dichloromethane mixtures of increasing polarity (100 : 0 to 50 : 50). The 3,7-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(thien-2-yl)[3H]naphtho[2,1-b]pyran was isolated in a yield of 30%. Molecular formula :'C 33
H
20 0S 5 5 Melting point: 98 0 C. Example I Synthesis of 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1 b]pyran. 10 S S 3 Step I The (2,2'-bithien-5-yl) (4-methoxyphenyl) ketone was prepared according 15 to the same procedure as that described in step 2 of comparative example 1. The precursors in this case were 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride and 2,2' bithiophene. Yield : 85% Molecular formula : C 1
H
12 0 2
S
2 20 Molecular weight: 300.402 Melting point: 119-120*C. Step 2 The 1-(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-yn-1-ol was prepared according to the same procedure as that described in step 3 of 25 comparative example 1. The precursor in this case was the ketone described above (step 1, example 1). Yield : 87% Molecular formula:
C
18
H
14 0 2
S
2 Molecular weight: 326.441 30 Oily product.
14 Step 3 6 mmoles of 2'2'-bithiophene dissolved in 30 ml of anhydrous THF were introduced into a three-necked round-bottomed flask under argon. The mixture was cooled to -40 0 C. 2.65 ml (1.05 mmole) of a 2.5 M solution of nBuLi in 5 hexane were then added slowly. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour at -40 0 C, then cooled to -90 0 C. 4 ml (18 mmoles) of B(OBu) 3 were then added as quickly as possible. The mixture was allowed to return to ambient temperature, then 30 mmoles of 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol were added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 10 minutes, then hydrolysed with 30 ml of water. The 10 water-THF mixture was extracted with benzene (3 x 30 ml). The resulting organic phase was washed several times with a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over magnesium sulfate, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was chromatographed on a silica column eluted with pentane/dichloromethane mixtures of increasing polarity (100 : 0 to 70: 30) 15 giving 5,5-dimethyl-2-(2,2'-bithien-2-yl)[1,3,2]dioxoborinane. Yield : 46% Molecular formula : C 13
H
2 5 0 2
S
2 B Molecular weight: 278.20. Step 4 20 A mixture of 3.59 mmoles of the boronic ester prepared in step 3 (example 1), 3 mmoles of 6-bromo-2-hydroxynaphthalene, a catalytic quantity of Pd(PPh 3
)
4 and 9 ml of DMF was brought to 100*C for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to return to ambient temperature, then diluted with 20 ml of THF. The solution was filtered over celite. The THF was evaporated under 25 reduced pressure. The organic products precipitated on addition of water. These were filtered off and recrystallized from a heptane/THF mixture. The 2
-(
2
,
2 '-bithien-5-yl)-6-hydroxynaphthalene was obtained in 78% yield. Molecular formula : C 18
H
12
OS
2 30 Molecular weight: 308.329 Melting point: 231 0 C. Step 5 The 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1 b]pyran was obtained according to the procedure described in step Z of 35 comparative example 1. The precursors in this case were the propargylic alcohol and the naphthol described in steps 2 and 4 respectively of example 1.
15 The final product was recrystallized from toluene. Yield: 72% Molecular formula : C 36
H
24 0 2
S
4 Molecular weight: 616.658 5 Melting point: 210 0 C. Example 2 Synthesis of 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(thien-2-yl)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran. SS SS 10 Step 1 The (2,2'-bithien-5-yl) (thien-2-y) ketone was prepared from 2 thiophenecarboxylic acid chloride and 2,2'-bithiophene according to the same 15 procedure as that described in step 2 of comparative example 1. Yield : 83% Molecular formula : C 13
H
8
OS
4 Molecular weight: 276.404 Melting point: 98 0 C. 20 Step 2 The 1-(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-1-(thien-2-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ol was prepared from the ketone described in step 1 (example 2) according to the same procedure as that described in step 3 of comparative example 1. Yield : 81% 25 Molecular formula : C 35 HIO0S 3 Molecular weight: 302.441 Oily product. Step 3 The 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(thien-2-yl)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran was 30 obtained according to the procedure described in step 7 of comparative example 1. The precursors in this case were the propargylic alcohol described in step 2 above (example 2) and the naphthol described in step 4 of example 1. The final product was recrystallized from toluene.
16 Yield : 67% Molecular formula: C 33
H
20 0S 5 Molecular weight: 592.692 Melting point: 213 0 C. 5 Example 3 Synthesis of 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(4-pentyloxyphenyl)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1 b]pyran. 10 OnC5HI Step I The (2,2'-bithien-5-yl) (4-pentyloxyphenyl) ketone was prepared from 4 pentyloxybenzoyl chloride and 2,2'-bithiophene according to the same 15 procedure as that described in step 2 of comparative example 1. Yield : 93% Molecular formula : C 20
H
20 0 2
S
2 Molecular weight: 356.350 Melting point: 114*C. 20 Step 2 The 1-(2,2'-bithien-5-y)-1-(4-pentyloxyphenyl)prop-2-yn-1-ol was prepared from the ketone described in step 1 (example 3) according to the same procedure as that described in step 3 of comparative example 1. Yield : 81% 25 Molecular formula: C 15
H
10 0S 3 Molecular weight: 302.441 Oily product. Step 3 The 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(4-pentyloxyphenyl)-[3H]-naphtho[2, 1 30 b]pyran was obtained according to the procedure described in step Z of comparative example 1. The precursors in this case were the propargylic 17 alcohol described in step 2 above (example 3) and the naphthol described in step 4 of example 1. The final product was recrystallized from heptane. Yield : 78% Molecular formula : C 4 oH 32 0 2
S
4 5 Molecular weight: 672.702 Melting point: 147*C. Example 4 Synthesis of 3
,
3 ,8-tri(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran. 10 Step I The di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl) ketone was prepared from 5-(2'-thienyl)-2-thenoic 15 acid chloride and 2,2'-bithiophene according to the same procedure as that described in step 2 of comparative example 1. The purification was performed by chromatography on a silica column using pentane/CH 2
C
2 mixtures of increasing polarity (0 : 100 to 50 : 50) as eluents. A recrystallization was carried out from benzene. 20 Yield : 66% Molecular formula:
C
17
H
10
OS
4 Molecular weight: 358.450 Melting point : 181 0 C. Step 2 25 The 1,1-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ol was prepared from the ketone described in step 1 (example 4) according to the same procedure as that described in step 3 of comparative example 1. It was used without purification for the following step, as chromatography on silica or alumina degraded this compound. 30 Molecular formula:
C
19
H
12 0S 4 Molecular weight: 384.472 Oily product.
18 Step 3 The 3,3,8-tri(2,2'-bithien-5-y)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran was obtained according to the procedure described in step Z of comparative example 1. The precursors in this case were the propargylic alcohol described in step 2 above 5 (example 4) and the naphthol described in step 4 of example 1. The final product was recrystallized from toluene. Yield : 44% (steps 2 + step 3) Molecular formula : C 37
H
22 0S 6 Molecular weight: 674.802 10 Melting point : 223 0 C. Example 5 Synthesis of 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(5-methoxythien-2-yl)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1 b]pyran. 15 S S SS S Step I The (2,2'-bithien-5-yl) (5-methoxythien-2-y) ketone was prepared from 5 20 methoxythenoic acid chloride and 2,2'-bithiophene according to the same procedure as that described in step 2 of comparative example 1. The purification was performed by chromatography on a silica column using pentane/CH 2
C
2 mixtures of increasing polarity as eluents. Yield : 72% 25 Molecular formula : C 14
H
10 0 2
S
3 Molecular weight: 306.350 Melting point: 106 0 C. Step 2 The 1-(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-I-(5-methoxythien-2-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ol was 30 prepared from the ketone described in step 1 (example 5) according to the same procedure as that described in step 3 of comparative example 1. It was used without purification for the following step, as chromatography on silica 19 degraded the compound. Molecular formula: C 16
H
12 0 2
S
3 Molecular weight: 322.374 Oily product. 5 Step 3 The 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(5-methoxythien-2-yl-[3H]-naphtho[2,1 blpyran was obtained according to the procedure described in step Z of comparative example 1. The precursors in this case were the propargylic alcohol described in step 2 (example 5) and the naphthol described in step 4 of 10 example 1. The final product was recrystallized from toluene. Yield : 52% (step 2 + step 3) Molecular formula: C 34
H
22 0 2
S
5 Molecular weight: 622.702 Melting point: 204 0 C. 15 Example 6 Synthesis of 8-(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(4-pentyloxyphenyl)-3-(2,2'-5',2"-terthien-5 yl)-[3H]-naphtho[2, 1 -b]pyran. CS 20 nC5IIO Step I The (4-pentyloxyphenyl) (2,2'-5',2"-terthien-5-yl) ketone was prepared from 4-pentyloxybenzoyl chloride and 2,2'-5',2"-terthiophene according to the 25 same procedure as that described in step 2 of comparative example 1. The purification was performed by chromatography on a silica column using pentane/CH 2
C
2 mixtures of increasing polarity as eluents. Yield : 53% Molecular formula: C 24
H
2 2 0 2
S
3 30 Molecular weight : 438.460 Melting point: 174 0
C.
20 Step 2 The 1-(4-pentyloxyphenyl)-1-(2,2'-5',2"-terthien-5-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ol was prepared from the ketone described in step 1 (example 6) according to the same procedure as that described in step 3 of comparative example 1. 5 Yield : 73% Molecular formula: C 27
H
2 4 0 2
S
3 Molecular weight : 478.275 Oily product. Step 3 10 The 8-(2,2'-bithien-5-yI)-3-(4-pentyloxyphenyl)-3-(2,2'-5',2"-terthien-5 yl)[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran was obtained according to the procedure described in step 7 of comparative example 1. The precursors in this case were the propargylic alcohol described in step 2 above (example 6) and the naphthol described in step 4 of example 1. The final product was recrystallized from 15 toluene. Yield : 63% Molecular formula : C44H 35
O
2
S
5 Molecular weight: 755.812 Melting point: 158 0 C. 20 Comparative example 2 3,3'-Diphenyl[3H]naphtho[2, 1 -b]pyran was prepared as follows: 10 mmoles of 1,1-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-ol and 11 mmoles of 2-naphthol were dissolved in anhydrous toluene (20 ml) with heating. A catalytic quantity of paratoluenesulfonic acid was added. The mixture was brought to reflux under 25 argon for 2 hours 30 minutes. It was allowed to return to ambient temperature and 20 ml of a 5% aqueous solution of NaOH was added. The aqueous phase was continuously extracted with methylene chloride. The organic phases were combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by washing with 30 hexane. Yield : 62% Molecular formula: C 24
H
18 O Molecular weight: 334.42 Melting point: 158 0 C 35 Comparative example 3 3,3'-Di(4-methoxyphenyl)[3H]naphtho[2,1-b]pyran was prepared as 21 follows: The procedure was the same as that for comparative example 2, except that the precursor was 1,1 -di(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propyn-1 -01. 5 Example 7 Synthesis of 3,5-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(4-pentyloxyphenyl)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1 b]pyran. SS 10 Step I The (2,2'-bithien-5-yl) (4-pentyloxyphenyl) ketone was prepared according to the same procedure as that described in step 1 of example 3. Step 2 15 The 1-(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-1 -(4-pentyloxyphenyl)prop-2-yn-1 -ol was prepared according to the same procedure as that described in step 2 of example 3. Step 3 12 mmoles of dihydroxynaphthalene and 25 ml of pyridine under argon 20 were stirred for 20 minutes at ambient temperature. The mixture was cooled to 0*C and 2.1 ml (12 mmoles) of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride were added slowly. The mixture was allowed to return to ambient temperature and stirred overnight. The solution was then poured onto iced water (25 ml), then extracted 25 with ethyl ether (3 x 30 ml). The resulting organic phase was washed with water (2 x 20 ml), then with a saturated aqueous salt solution (20 ml). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate. After evaporation under reduced pressure, a brown oil was isolated. The crude product was chromatographed on a silica column, eluted with pentane/ether mixtures of increasing polarity (100/0 22 to 70/30) to give 2-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethane sulfonate naphthalene. Yield : 20% Molecular formula:
C
11
H
7 0 3
SF
3 Molecular weight: 292.230 5 Melting point: 62-63 0 C. Step 4 The 5,5-dimethyl-2-(2,2'-bithien-2-yl)[1,3,2]dioxoborinane was obtained according to the procedure of step 3 of example 2. Step 5 10 The 2
-(
2 ,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene was obtained according to the same experimental procedure as that described in step 4 of example 2. 11.34 mmoles of the boronic ester (step 4 above), 9.45 mmoles of the naphthol prepared in step 3 above, 14.17 mmoles of K 3
PO
4 , a catalytic quantity of Pd(PPh 3
)
4 and 13 ml of DMF were used. 15 Yield : 74% Molecular formula : C 18
H
12 0S 2 Molecular weight: 308.329 Melting point: 174 0 C. Step 6 20 The 3,5-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(4-pentyloxyphenyl)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1 b]pyran was obtained according to the procedure described in step 7 of example 1. The precursors in this case were the propargylic alcohol and the naphthol described in steps 2 and 5 respectively of example 7. 25 Yield : 76% Molecular formula : C 40
H
32 0 2
S
4 Molecular weight: 672.702 Melting point : 77 0 C. 30 Example 8 10~4 M solutions in toluene of the photochromic compounds obtained from the examples and the comparative examples were prepared. The photochromic properties were determined at 20*C on a Beckmann DU 700 electronic absorption spectrophotometer. An external irradiation, 35 perpendicular to the analysis beam, was supplied by a 150 W xenon arc lamp fitted with a water filter, a diaphragm and a light guide. The luminous flux was 23 maintained constant during all the recordings. In an initial experiment, the absorption spectrum of the coloured form obtained after 2 minutes of irradiation was recorded to determine the maximum absorption wavelength in the visible (Xmax). 5 In a second experiment, the variation of the absorbance of the solution at the absorption Xmax as a function of the irradiation time was recorded, the absorbance maximum obtained after a few seconds to several tens of seconds of irradiation was measured (Aco). The irradiation was then stopped. The decrease of the absorbance as a function of time was then recorded, giving a 10 measure of the thermal decoloration constant (kA). The results are given in table I below. TABLE I Solvent toluene (Aoo) kA (s') Xmax (nm) T = 20*C Example 1 0.43 0.19 549 Example 2 0.36 0.18 549 Example 3 0.38 0.19 548 Example 4 0.35 0.29 564 Example 5 0.21 0.55 560 Example 6 0.50 0.19 564 Comp. example 1 0.15 0.60 520 Comp. example 2 0.23 0.06 423 Comp. example 3 0.13 0.24 480 15 The results show that the photochromic compounds according to the invention have a maximal absorption wavelength (Xmax) very substantially shifted towards high wavelengths (bathochromic shift) and a high absorbance maximum combined with rapid kinetics. 20 Example 9 104 M solutions in toluene of the photochromic compounds obtained in example 1 and in comparative example 2 were irradiated under the conditions of example 8. This time the coloration times (time necessary to reach photostationary equilibrium) and the percentage discoloration 10 s after the end 24 of irradiation were measured. Coloration Discoloration Compound Time necessary to % discoloration at 10 s reach photostationary equilibrium (s) Example 1 14 83% Comparative example 2 26 50% Example 10 5 10- M solutions in toluene of the photochromic compounds obtained in example 1 and in comparative example 2 were irradiated under the conditions of example 8, but with a GG400 (Schott) filter, which cut out all UV radiation with wavelength less than 380 nm, placed in the light beam. The solution prepared from comparative example 2 did not develop any 10 coloration, but the solution prepared from the photochromic compound of example 1 retained its photochromic properties. Example 11 A polyurethane film (thickness 15 pm) containing 2.10- ml/g of the 15 naphthopyran of example 1 was prepared. Under the same conditions of irradiation as those described in example 8, this sample showed excellent photochromic properties : Aoo = 0.1, Xmax = 344 nm, kA = 0.14 s' Although slower in comparison with the toluene solution of example 8, 20 the discoloration speed remained very rapid.
Claims (23)
1. Photochromic compound containing a [3H]naphtho[2,1-b]pyran structure, characterized in that it contains at least one bithienyl group, 5 substituted or not, in one of positions 5 to 10 of the naphthalene ring of the [3H]naphtho[2,1-b]pyran structure and at least one bithienyl or terthienyl group, substituted or not, in position 3 of said structure and excluding compounds of [3H]naphtho[2,1-b]pyran structure containing a single bithienyl group in position 3 of said structure and a bithienyl group in position 7 of the naphthalene ring. 10
2. Compound according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a bithienyl group in one of positions 5, 6, 8-10 of the naphthalene ring.
3. Photochromic compound according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it corresponds to the formula : R 2 1 10 9 3 15 5 6 (i) in which Th 2 represents the a bithienyl group corresponding to the formula: 4R 20 in which: R represents a substituent in positions 3, 3', 4, 4' or 5', selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an OR 3 , SR 3 , COR 3 and COOR 3 group, where R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl 25 group, an aryl group, an amino group, an NO 2 , CN or SCN group, a halogen atom, or a mono- or polyhaloalkyl group; R 1 designates a Th 2 group as defined above or a Th 3 group of formula: 4 3 3 4 3 4 5 5R CA 2 2 'S 5' 2faS(l) 26 where R is a substituent as defined above which may occupy one of the positions 3, 3', 3", 4, 4', 4", 5", and R 2 designates a Th 2 group, a Th 3 group, an aryl group, a naphthyl group, 5 a thienyl group, a furanyl group, a pyrrolyl group or an N-alkylpyrrolyl group.
4. Photochromic compound according to claim 3, characterized in that the alkyl groups are Cl-C 6 alkyl groups, the cycloalkyl groups are C
5 -C 7 cycloalkyl groups, the aryl groups comprise phenyl and (C-C 6 alkyl)phenyl, and the halogens are bromine, chlorine and fluorine. 10 5. Photochromic compound according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the substituent R is in position 5' in the Th 2 group.
6. Photochromic compound according to any of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the substituent R is in position 5" in the Th 3 group.
7. Photochromic compound according to any of claims 3 to 6, 15 characterized in that the Th 2 group is in position 8 of the naphthalene ring.
8. Photochromic compound according to any of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that R' is a Th 3 group.
9. Method of preparing a photochromic compound according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises the reaction, in the presence of an acid 20 catalyst, of a propargylic alcohol of formula : OH (A) where R' and R 2 are defined as in claim 3, with a 2-naphthol of formula: 25 Th 2 (B) where Th 2 is defined as in claim 3 and occupies one of positions 3, 4, 6-8 of the naphthalene ring. 30
10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the 2-naphthol of formula (B) is prepared by the coupling reaction catalysed by a palladium 27 catalyst between a boron derivative of bithiophene and a 2-naphthol substituted in one of positions 3, 4, 6-8 of the naphthalene ring by a bromine atom or a triflate group.
11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the boron derivative of 5 bithiophene corresponds to the formula: 1?O H 3
12. Transparent article comprising a transparent polymer substrate, characterised in that at least one photochromic compound, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, is incorporated in the substrate. 10
13. Transparent article comprising a transparent polymer substrate, characterised in that at least one face of the article is coated with a transparent polymer film incorporating at least one photochromic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
14. Article according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the article is 15 glazing for buildings, a windscreen for a car or aircraft, a helmet visor or a spectacle glass.
15. Photochromic compound 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) [3H]-naphtho[2,1 -b]pyran. S /\ S S O CH3 28
16. Photochromic compound 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-y)-3-(thien-2-yl)-[3H] naphtho[2,1 -b]pyran.
17. Photochromic compound 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(4-pentyloxyphenyl) 5 [3H]-naphtho[2,1 -b]pyran.
18. Photochromic compound 3,3,8-tri(2,2'-bithien-5-y)-[3H]-naphtho[2, 1 b]pyran. /\ s /\ s/ s \ 0o 29
19. Photochromic compound 3,8-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(5-methoxythien-2-yl) [3H]-naphtho[2,1 -b]pyran. ss CH30
20. Photochromic compound 8-(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(4-pentyloxyphenyl)-3-(2,2' 5 5',2"-terthien-5-yl)-[3H]-naphtho[2,1 -b]pyran. nC5H11O
21. Photochromic compound 3,5-di(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-3-(4-pentyloxyphenyl) [3H]-naphtho[2,1 -b]pyran. / \ s s \/0 OnC5H11 10
22. Method of preparing a photochromic compound, which method is substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of Examples 1 to 7. 30
23. A polyurethane film substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Example 11. DATED this 25th day of November 2003 5 ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL (COMPAGNIE GENERALE DOPTIQUE) WATERMARK PATENT & TRADE MARK ATTORNEYS 290 BURWOOD ROAD 10 HAWTHORN VICTORIA 3122 AUSTRALIA 15 P20781AU00
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9908875 | 1999-07-08 | ||
FR9908875A FR2796077B1 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 1999-07-08 | NAPHTO (2,1-B) PYRANIC PHOTOCHROMIC COMPOUNDS WITH BI OR TERTHIENYL SUBSTITUTIONS, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SAME, MATERIALS AND PHOTOCHROMIC ARTICLES OBTAINED |
PCT/FR2000/001954 WO2001004233A1 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 2000-07-06 | Bi-or terthienyl substituted photochromic naphtho[2,1-b]pyran compounds |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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AU6294900A true AU6294900A (en) | 2001-01-30 |
AU779628B2 AU779628B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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AU62949/00A Ceased AU779628B2 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 2000-07-06 | Bi-or terthienyl substituted photochromic naphtho(2,1-b)pyran compounds |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1204714B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003504349A (en) |
AU (1) | AU779628B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0012284B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60007996T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1763699B1 (en) | 2004-07-02 | 2011-08-10 | Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) | Method for producing a transparent optical element, an optical component involved into said method and the thus obtained optical element |
FR2872590B1 (en) | 2004-07-02 | 2006-10-27 | Essilor Int | METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN OPHTHALMIC GLASS AND OPTICAL COMPONENT SUITABLE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
FR2888950B1 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2007-10-12 | Essilor Int | TRANSPARENT PIXELLIZED OPTICAL COMPONENT WITH ABSORBENT WALLS ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD AND USE IN FARICATION OF A TRANSPARENT OPTICAL ELEMENT |
FR2888948B1 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2007-10-12 | Essilor Int | PIXELLIZED TRANSPARENT OPTIC COMPONENT COMPRISING AN ABSORBENT COATING, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME AND USE THEREOF IN AN OPTICAL ELEMENT |
FR2888951B1 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2008-02-08 | Essilor Int | RANDOMIZED PIXELLIZED OPTICAL COMPONENT, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND USE THEREOF IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A TRANSPARENT OPTICAL ELEMENT |
FR2888947B1 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2007-10-12 | Essilor Int | OPTICAL CELL COMPONENT |
FR2901367B1 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2008-10-17 | Essilor Int | IMPLEMENTING A TRANSPARENT OPTICAL ELEMENT COMPRISING A SUBSTANCE CONTAINED IN CELLS |
FR2910642B1 (en) | 2006-12-26 | 2009-03-06 | Essilor Int | TRANSPARENT OPTICAL COMPONENT WITH TWO CELL ARRAYS |
FR2911404B1 (en) | 2007-01-17 | 2009-04-10 | Essilor Int | TRANSPARENT OPTICAL COMPONENT WITH CELLS FILLED WITH OPTICAL MATERIAL |
-
2000
- 2000-07-06 AU AU62949/00A patent/AU779628B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-07-06 JP JP2001509437A patent/JP2003504349A/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-07-06 BR BRPI0012284-0A patent/BR0012284B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-07-06 DE DE60007996T patent/DE60007996T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-06 EP EP00949662A patent/EP1204714B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BR0012284B1 (en) | 2010-08-24 |
EP1204714B1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
AU779628B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
DE60007996D1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
DE60007996T2 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
BR0012284A (en) | 2002-04-02 |
EP1204714A1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
JP2003504349A (en) | 2003-02-04 |
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