AU629205B2 - Improvements in the inhibition of ectoparasites - Google Patents
Improvements in the inhibition of ectoparasites Download PDFInfo
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- AU629205B2 AU629205B2 AU32603/89A AU3260389A AU629205B2 AU 629205 B2 AU629205 B2 AU 629205B2 AU 32603/89 A AU32603/89 A AU 32603/89A AU 3260389 A AU3260389 A AU 3260389A AU 629205 B2 AU629205 B2 AU 629205B2
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- 244000078703 ectoparasite Species 0.000 title description 11
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000361 pesticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 19
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000257166 Lucilia cuprina Species 0.000 description 7
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 241000920471 Lucilia caesar Species 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001674048 Phthiraptera Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000509427 Sarcoptes scabiei Species 0.000 description 3
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- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SBNFWQZLDJGRLK-RTWAWAEBSA-N (1R)-trans-phenothrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 SBNFWQZLDJGRLK-RTWAWAEBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005878 Azadirachtin Substances 0.000 description 1
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical compound C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019499 Citrus oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005891 Cyromazine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000257162 Lucilia <blowfly> Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000237986 Melia azadirachta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013500 Melia azadirachta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006001 Methyl nonyl ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- MMOXZBCLCQITDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1 MMOXZBCLCQITDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283903 Ovis aries Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001482237 Pica Species 0.000 description 1
- VQXSOUPNOZTNAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrethrin I Natural products CC(=CC1CC1C(=O)OC2CC(=O)C(=C2C)CC=C/C=C)C VQXSOUPNOZTNAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMPQYAYAQWNLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Undecanal Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=O KMPQYAYAQWNLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXWCBRDRVXHABN-JCMHNJIXSA-N [cyano-(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] 3-[(z)-2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(C#N)OC(=O)C1C(C)(C)C1\C=C(/Cl)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YXWCBRDRVXHABN-JCMHNJIXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VEHPJKVTJQSSKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azadirachtin Natural products O1C2(C)C(C3(C=COC3O3)O)CC3C21C1(C)C(O)C(OCC2(OC(C)=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C(C)=CC)OC(C)=O)C2C32COC(C(=O)OC)(O)C12 VEHPJKVTJQSSKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTNJWQUOZFUQQJ-IRYYUVNJSA-N azadirachtin A Natural products C([C@@H]([C@]1(C=CO[C@H]1O1)O)[C@]2(C)O3)[C@H]1[C@]23[C@]1(C)[C@H](O)[C@H](OC[C@@]2([C@@H](C[C@@H]3OC(=O)C(\C)=C/C)OC(C)=O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2[C@]32CO[C@@](C(=O)OC)(O)[C@@H]12 FTNJWQUOZFUQQJ-IRYYUVNJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTNJWQUOZFUQQJ-NDAWSKJSSA-N azadirachtin A Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@]1(C=CO[C@H]1O1)O)[C@]2(C)O3)[C@H]1[C@]23[C@]1(C)[C@H](O)[C@H](OC[C@@]2([C@@H](C[C@@H]3OC(=O)C(\C)=C\C)OC(C)=O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2[C@]32CO[C@@](C(=O)OC)(O)[C@@H]12 FTNJWQUOZFUQQJ-NDAWSKJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002903 benzyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005286 carbaryl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CVXBEEMKQHEXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbaryl Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC(=O)NC)=CC=CC2=C1 CVXBEEMKQHEXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010632 citronella oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010500 citrus oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LVQDKIWDGQRHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyromazine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NC2CC2)=N1 LVQDKIWDGQRHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000775 cyromazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002483 decamethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N deltamethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorvos Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC=C(Cl)Cl OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001327 dichlorvos Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZWDZJRRQSXLOQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-n-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CCCCN(C(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZWDZJRRQSXLOQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUYMVQAILCEWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N naled Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC(Br)C(Cl)(Cl)Br BUYMVQAILCEWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000490 permethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N permethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003536 phenothrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrethrin Natural products CCC(=O)OC1CC(=C)C2CC3OC3(C)C2C2OC(=O)C(=C)C12 HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJFUPGQZSXIULQ-XIGJTORUSA-N pyrethrin II Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](/C=C(\C)C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 VJFUPGQZSXIULQ-XIGJTORUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940108410 resmethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VEMKTZHHVJILDY-FIWHBWSRSA-N resmethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)C1C(=O)OCC1=COC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 VEMKTZHHVJILDY-FIWHBWSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005199 tetramethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KYWIYKKSMDLRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)=O KYWIYKKSMDLRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K27/00—Leads or collars, e.g. for dogs
- A01K27/007—Leads or collars, e.g. for dogs with insecticide-dispensing means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Description
i& ;i i j Ilj P/00/011 2205 PATENTS ACT 1952-1973 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
FOR OFFICE USE Form Class: Int. Cl: Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification-Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority: 0 Related Art: TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT SName of Applicant: VINCENT HENRY GUERRINI Address of Applicant: 173 CHATSWOOD ROAD, DAISY HILL 4128, QLD. AUSTRALIA 1- Actual Inventor: VINCENT HENRY GUERRINI Address for Service: VETSEARCH, 173 CHATSWOOD ROAD, DAISY HILL 4128, QLD.
Complete Specification for the invention entitled: IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INHIBITION OF ECTOPARASITES The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me:-* "Note: The description is to be typed in double spacing, pica type face, in an area not exceeding 250 mm in depth and 160 mm in width, on tough white paper of good quality and it is to be inserted inside this form.
11710/76-L C.J. TIOMPSON. Commonwealth Government Printer, Canberra -I
I
i
N
ii IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INHIBITION OF ECTOPARASITES This invention relates to a method of applying pesticidal or insect repellant substances to animals and devices used in the method. The method and devices have particular application to the treatment of ectoparasites in sheep and are described here in that context. However, it should be appreciated that the present invention is in no way limited to that application.
It has been found in practice that repeated spraying or dipping, pouring, dusting or misting of pesticidal substances and/or insect repellents on sheep is required to effectively protect sheep against ectoparasites for sustained periods because the time period the pesticidal substances act at the site of attack is limited by dilution and/or leaching by water and/or inactivation and/or degradation of the pesticidal/insect repelling substances by exposure to ultraviolet light and air.
It has been found that current methods of pest control including spraying and dipping expose humans to direct contact with toxic pesticides which can produce toxic effects on humans.
Conventional methods to treat ectoparasites in sheep are time consuming and labour intensive because for each treatment animals must be gathered and made to pass through an application apparatus and/or sprayed or dipped. One example of this is the treatment of blowfly strike in sheep wherein pesticidal substances must be applied two or more times each year in order to provide year round protection against infestation by the larvae of the blowfly insect Lucilia cuprina.
C C' ec; A wet fleece induces gravid Lucilia cuprina to oviposit on sheep. The base of the tail, the breech and pizzle areas of sheep are subjected to wetting by urine, faecal matter and diarrhea and are therefore particularly prone to infestation by Lucilia cuprina larvae.
The current procedure to prevent blowfly strike on the breech of sheep is "mulesing" which is the removal of wool and live skin from the breech and base of the tail which produces pain, is time consuming and labour intensive and has been banned in some countries because it is considered a cruel practice.
It would be desirable to provide a method and device which can carry and deliver pesticides and repellents to inhibit insects and ectoparasites from animals; to protect animals for prolonged periods of time preferably beyond one year against ectoparasites in particular the areas of the skin and fleece which become infested by Lucilia cuprina larvae and other ectoparasites including lice and itchmites; to protect pesticides within the device from degradation and loss due to ultraviolet light exposure and leaching; to reduce the loss of pesticide and prolong the effect of treatment; and to protect humans against direct contact with pesticides.
30 Prior art pesticidal devices include ear tags (Australian Patent specification AU-A-60621/86), and devices which are attached to the wool of the breech by means of velcro clips (Australian Patent specification AU-A-52259/86) and therefore do not deliver pesticide or provide protection against parasites to other areas subject to parasitic infestations such as the shoulders, back and pizzle.
II -4f The devices described in AU-A-52259/86 are not rechargeable and therefore need to be replaced from time to time. Replacement of devices can be time consuming and labour intensive.
The pesticidal devices of AU-A-52259/86 which attach to wool by means of velcro clips may tear off or detach from wool. Furthermore, such aevices cannot be attached to an animal if the hair and/or wool staple is too short to attach to velcro clips of the device onto the animal and consequently such a device could not be effectively attached to a sheep after shearing or to lambs with too short wool staples.
The pesticidal devices of both AU-A-52259/86 and AU-A-60621/86 are impregnated and/or coated with pesticide and therefore subject humans to direct contact with toxic pesticides. The pesticidal oo devices of AU-A-52259/86 and AU-A-60621/86 also deliver pesticides even when not required, for r .example during dry periods when flystrike does not Soccur, and are thus wasteful.
There is therefore a need for a pesticidal/insect repelling device which will attach and remain on an animal for sustained periods of time; to protect the t skin and wool of the shoulders, back, breech and pizzle in sheep against infestation by gravid Lucilia Scuprina flies and larvae and other ectoparasites including lice and itchmite.
The present invention broadly resides in a method of applying a pesticidal or insect repellent substance to an animal by fitting to the animal a flexible elongate member capable of releasing said substance onto the animal, in which the member is fitted to the animal as
V.:
a first loop extending around the neck, over the shoulders and along the back of the animal, and second and third loops each extending across the flank, breech and pizzle areas, around the front of a respective rear leg and across the back to fasten to the first loop on the back of the animal.
The device preferably stretches and contracts to adapt to changing dimensions of an animal. Preferably, the device releases the pesticidal/insect repellent substances upon stretching. Alternatively or in addition, the device releases the substances mostly on contact with water.
The device may dispense for sustained periods pesticidal substances and/or insect repellents to surface loci on sheep prone to blowfly strike by gravid Lucilia cuprina, other calliphorid larval infestation, lice and any other ectoparasite; to provide complete body protection against those pests.
Preferably, the substances are released over a sustained period of at least one year.
In one embodiment of the invention, the elongate member is coated or impregnated with the pesticidal or insect repellent substance. Alternatively, the elongate member is a tube adapted to contain the substance. The substance may be released through the tube wall which preferably has a coating material which absorbs and retains the substance released through the tube wall.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figs. 1, 1A, 2 and 3 are plan views of alternative *r I
CI
4 41 4w Is C I
D
Ri i, ij i t
.I
r -6pesticidal device configurations; Fig. 4 is a side view of the device of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 to 9 illustrate preferred fastening means for the device of Figs. 3 and 4; Figs. 10 to 15 illustrate preferred means for introducing pesticidal/insect repellent substances into the device; Figs. 16 and 17 are side and end sectional views respectively of a tube construction for use with the present invention; Figs. 18 and 19 are side and end sectional views respectively of an alternative tube construction for use with the present invention; ,o Figs. 20 and 21 illustrate the device of Figs. 3 and -°"009 4 when fitted on a sheep; and Figs. 23 and 24 illustrate a method of fitting the .0 device of Figs. 3 and 4 to a sheep.
S 6 Figs. 25 and 26 are plan and side views respectively j 6 of a modified pesticidal device for use in the i present invention.
Illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, is a device comprising a flexible tube 1 which may be joined end-to-end by a joining piece or clip 2 or may be continuous. The tube preferably is from 2 to 4 metres long, has an internal diameter of 1 to 6mm and an external diameter of 4 to 10mm. The tube preferably is black to inhibit the penetration of ultraviolet light.
I~~
The tube 1 is fastened at positions on the back of the animal by fasteners such as strips, glue or adhesive tape to secure the device around the legs and neck of the animal in the configurations shown.
The configurations comprise three loops, the first of which extends around the animal's neck and the latter two extend around the rear legs. The device may also include an extension strap or tube 9 which prevents rotation of the device on the animal.
The fastening arrangements are shown in more detail in Figs. 5 to 9. Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the forwardmost fasteners 3, which may simply comprise a band extending around the two parallel sections la of tube. Figs. 7, 8 and 9 show the rearmost fastener 4 from above, below and the side respectively. This fastener attaches the two parallel sections la of tube by means of two bands which are joined by a saddle portion which secures the transverse section of tube lb.
Referring now to Figs. 10 to 15, the tube 1 may be r
;A
_U
t a I _II_ -8filled with pesticidal/insect repellent substances through an open end of the tube or through an inlet duct 5a. The substance may be in a liquid, powder, gaseous or solid form.
In Fig. 10, the tube is joined by a clip or band 2a and the substance may be introduced through inlet duct 5a. One-way check valves 6 in the tube 1 allow liquids to flow only in the direction from the inlet duct 5a to outlet duct Figs. 11 and 12 show a tube which is joined by a joining piece 2b. The substance may be introduced into the tube through the joining piece into an end of the tube.
In Figs. 13 and 14, the inlet and/or outlet ducts may be L-shaped members which are introduced through holes in the tube wall to communicate with the internal cavity of the tube. In Fig. 15, the inlet and outlet ducts are formed in plugs in the tube wall.
The tube is preferably sealed, except when the ducts 5a, 5b and/or the valves 6 are open, to protect the pesticidal/insect repellent substances from degradation by exposure to air.
Figs. 16 and 17 are cross-sectional views of a tube construction specially adapted to release pesticides/insect repellents in a liquid formulation onto the surface of an animal. The tube wall contains perforations 7 through which a small quantity of liquid is released. The rate of release is increased upon stretching of the tube wall. The tube wall has a coating material 8 which absorbs .and retains the pesticidal/insect repellent substances '4 -9released through the wall. The coating 8 should preferably be provided at least at the lowest point of the device when fitted on an animal to absorb the substance in the reservoir tube 1 at the lowest part of the device so that all pesticide/insect repellent in the device is utilised.
Preferably, the active ingredients of the pesticidal/insect repellent substances are emulsified and diluted in the presence of water, and the coating 8 releases the substances mostly upon contact with water. This allows the device to dispense the substances mostly during rain periods to inhibit oviposition and larval infestation by Lucilia cuprina.
Suitable coating material which release active ingredients in the presence of water include dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), lauryl sulphate, fatty acids and their potassium salts.
Figs. 18 and 19 illustrate a tube construction suitable for use with a solid insect inhibitor such as camphor, naphthalene and paradichlorobenzene. The tube wall is permeable, perforated or porous to release the volatile gases which are given off by the solid insect inhibitor.
The device may be impregnated, coated and/or filled with any combination of pesticidal or insect repellent substances and/or any inhibitor of insect feeding, moulting or growth. Suitable examples include fatty acids, anti-oxidants, extracts from the seeds or kernels of the neem tree and other meliaceous plants containing azadirachtin an insect growth regulator (see Complete Patent Specifications 75714/87, 11221/88, 11220/88, 87896/88 and Provisional Specification PI 9891), aromatic esters, organic 4 amides, natural oils, aromatic esters, an amidine, a r64, 7 iirii---r IIcarbamate, a thiourea, any acid, camphor, naphthalene, any triazine or cyromazine, para-di-chlorbenzene, benzyl benzoate, di-n-propyl isochomeronate, dimethylm, carbate, dimethyl phthalate, N-butylacetanilide, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, citrus oils, citronella oil, pine oil, methylnonyl ketone, 2octylthioethanol, 3:4,5-bis(2-butylene)-tetrahydro-2furfural, permethrin, cypermethrin, tetramethrin, decamethrin, pyrethrin, resmethrin, biosresmethrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, piperonyl butoxide, stiforos, naled, carbaryl, dichlorvos, deltamethryn, permetryn, phenothrin, cyfluthryn, cyphenothryn, traomethrin, tralocethrin, cyhalothrin, flumethrin, cypermethrin, organic and inorganic acids.
Figs. 20 and 21 illustrate the device when fitted on a sheep in accordance with the method of the present invention. The tube is fitted as a first loop which extends around the neck, over the shoulder and along the back of the sheep. Second and third loops each extend across the flank, breech and pizzle areas, around the front of a rear leg and across the back.
Optionally, an extension 9 between the second and third loops also contacts the pizzle area of the 25 sheep.
Figs. 23 and 24 illustrate the preferred method of fitting the device to a sheep. The second and third loops are each passed over a rear leg and the first loop is passed over the head as shown by the arrows in Fig. 23. This brings the second and third loops into contact with the flank, breech and pizzle areas. As shown in Fig. 24, the device is then positioned to pass on each side of the base of the tail.
Figs. 25 and 26 illustrate a modified device which includes concertina sections 10 which increase i:i i 1/ /:4
M
i
I
I k -11ability of the device to stretch and also increase the surface area of insecticidal activity on the animal. As shown in Fig. 26, these concertina sections may be positioned adjacent the shoulders and flank of the animal. By way of example only, the device may have a length of 4.5 metres and be capable of stretching a further 1.7 metres, and have an outer diameter of 5mm and an internal diameter of 3mm. The device may have a total weight when filled of about 110 grams and a capacity of about 60ml, with a release rate of about 0.30ml/day.
Trials of the present invention indicate that the device may remain positioned in contact with the skin and fleece of sheep for periods in excess of one year, and that animals with the device are not infested by lucilia cuprina larvae, lice or itchmites. Furthermore, the device did not irritate the skin nor inhibit wool growth, movement, pregnancy or coitus in sheep.
44 4 4 4, 44 0~ 0( rr cr r r
Claims (11)
- 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the second and third loops are each placed around a respective rear leg and drawn upwardly, and the first loop is passed over the head of the animal.
- 3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the elongate member is stretchable to accommodate growth and 444* movement of the animal.
- 4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the elongate member is adapted to release the substance upon stretching. A method according to claim 1 wherein the elongate a member is impregnated or coated with the pesticidal or insect repellent substance.
- 6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the elongate member comprises a tube adapted to contain the substance.
- 7. A method according to claim 5 or 6 wherein the device gradually releases the substance over a period -13- of time.
- 8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the dtvice releases the substance over a period of at least one year.
- 9. A method according to claim 7 wherein the substance is released at a greater rate when the elongate member is in contact with wet fur, hair or fleece. A method according to claim 6 wherein the substance is released through the wall of the tube.
- 11. A method according to claim 6 or 10 wherein the tube may be refilled with the substance.
- 12. A method according to claim 10 wherein the tube wall is also impregnated with the substance. o o S: 13. A method according to claim 10 wherein the tube r*, wall is adapted to protect the substance from ultraviolet radiation. n* o S"14. A method according to claim 10 wherein the tube wall is porous and/or perforated. r0 15. A method according to claim 14 wherein the 0 substance is released upon stretching of the tube I o wall.
- 16. A method according to claim 14 or 15 wherein the outer surface of the tube wall has a coating material which absorbs and retains the substance released through the tube wall. i' 17. A method according to claim 16 wherein the I-, -14- coating material releases the substance at a greater rate when in contact with water.
- 18. A method of applying a substance to an animal substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings. DATED this 28th day of July 1992 VINCENT HENRY GUERRINI Patent Attorneys for the Applicant: HALFORD CO I *0 t t 0 C
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU32603/89A AU629205B2 (en) | 1988-08-18 | 1989-04-10 | Improvements in the inhibition of ectoparasites |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPI9891 | 1988-08-18 | ||
AUPI989188 | 1988-08-18 | ||
AU32603/89A AU629205B2 (en) | 1988-08-18 | 1989-04-10 | Improvements in the inhibition of ectoparasites |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU3260389A AU3260389A (en) | 1990-02-22 |
AU629205B2 true AU629205B2 (en) | 1992-10-01 |
Family
ID=25622169
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU32603/89A Ceased AU629205B2 (en) | 1988-08-18 | 1989-04-10 | Improvements in the inhibition of ectoparasites |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU629205B2 (en) |
-
1989
- 1989-04-10 AU AU32603/89A patent/AU629205B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3260389A (en) | 1990-02-22 |
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