AU616967B2 - Treatment of mixed metal sulfide concentrates - Google Patents
Treatment of mixed metal sulfide concentrates Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU616967B2 AU616967B2 AU34690/89A AU3469089A AU616967B2 AU 616967 B2 AU616967 B2 AU 616967B2 AU 34690/89 A AU34690/89 A AU 34690/89A AU 3469089 A AU3469089 A AU 3469089A AU 616967 B2 AU616967 B2 AU 616967B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- arsenopyrite
- pyrrhotite
- oxidized
- pyrite
- oxidation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910052964 arsenopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[Fe+3].[As-] MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical group [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001651 autotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052960 marcasite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P3/00—Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/18—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Description
616967 COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION NAME ADDRESS OF APPLICANT: General Mining Union Corporation Limited 74-78 Marshall Street Johannesburg Transvaal 2001 Republic of South Africa NAME(S) OF INVENTOR(S): Alan Keith HAINES ADDRESS FOR SERVICE: DAVIES COLLISON Patent Attorneys 1 Little Collins Street, Melboume, 3000.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR THE INVENTION ENTITLED: STreatment of mixed metal sulfide concentrates The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us:- 8 i la This invention relates to the treatment of mixed metal sulfide concentrates and particularly to concentrates which are precious metal bearing.
Existing methods known to the applicant for treating such concentrates include a pressure leaching process wherein the concentrate is oxidised under elevated pressure and temperature 1 10 conditions, a biological process wherein the concentrate is oxidised i with air in the presence of autotrophic bacteria, and direct chemical oxidation with chemical agents such as nitric acid, ferric I sulphate and ferric chloride.
The objective with each method is to break down the metal sulfides fr and to reprecipitate the metal in a form which is acceptable to the environment and at the same time to release the precious metal for subsequent recovery by known methods.
The pressure leaching process is effective on all metal sulfides.
VThe most common gold and silver bearing sulfides are pyrite i including marcasite, pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite. Other related minerals contain arsenic, nickel, cobalt, iron, copper and zinc.
Pressure leaching is however expensive for it requires the use of pure oxygen at high pressure which in turn requires the use of expensive plant for its production. Similarly the acidic leach medium at elevated temperatures necessitates the use of expensive corrosion resistant materials.
IBacterial oxidation on the other hand is less expensive to operate and is carried out at lower temperatures and at ambient pressures using air as the source of supply of the oxygen which is required.
These less vigorous leach conditions do not require such expensive equipment.
-2- The metal sulphides exhibit differing readiness to bacterial oxidation. Arsenopyrite for example is attacked relatively rapidly by bacterial oxidation but most other pyrite concentrates are attacked more slowly.
On the other hand pressure oxidation attacks such pyrite concentrates more rapidly and uniformly.
In treating mixed sulphide concentrates the leaching process is therefore usually selected on the basis of the predominant concentrate type. This means that the concentrate which is present in a smaller volume is treated in a manner which, for it, is not necessarily Q° optimal.
o 0 O°o SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 15 According to one aspect of the invention there is 0oooo es provided a method of treating a mixed concentrate of at least pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and pyrite, which comprises the steps of firstly subjecting the mixed concentrate to bacterial oxidation whereby substantially 20 all of the pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and some of the 0 pyrite are oxidized with atmospheric oxygen under ambient conditions, and secondly subjecting the bacterially S ,Oo oxidized mixed concentrate to pressure oxidation whereby substantially all of the pyrite in the concentrate is oxidized.
0, In the first step the more readily oxidized sulphides are oxidized with atmospheric oxygen under ambient conditions while the slower reacting pyrite is Sreacted principally in the strongly oxidizing oxygen-rich conditions of the second step.
If pyrrhotite is present in the mixed concentrate then the pyrrhotite and substantially all of the arsenopyrite are oxidized in the biological step, and the pyrite is left to react in the pressure oxidation step.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided method of treating a mixed concentrate of 910605,dbdaLO64,34690.res,2 -3arsenopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite wherein substantially all pyrrhotite and the arsenopyrite are principally oxidized in a first biological stage in accordance with the following equations and FeAsS 7 02 H 2 0 FeAsO 4
H
2
SO
4 (1) 2 FeS 9 02 1 H 2 SO4 1 Fe 2 (S04)3 1 H 2 0 (2) 4 2 2 2 and thereafter, most of the pyrite is oxidized at elevated temperature under oxygen-rich conditions substantially in accordance with the following equation S 0o o0o together with residual pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite: 2 FeS 2 15 02 H 2 0 Fe 2 (S0 4 3
H
2 S0 4 (3) S15 2 0o90 According to a further aspect of the invention there o* is provided a process for enhancing economical recovery of metals from mineral compositions containing pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, and pyrite comprising the consecutive steps of: first, subjecting to bacterial oxidation a mineral composition containing at least two metal sulfides that exhibit differing susceptibility to bacterial oxidation so that varying amounts of metal sulfides are oxidized, 25 and second, subsequently leaching any remaining metal sulfides contained in the bacterially oxidized mineral 0 composition with oxygen present at a pressure greater than ambient air pressure to promote oxidation of the remaining metal sulfides.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The accompanying block diagram schematically represents the process of the invention for treating mixed sulphide concentrates.
910605,dbdat.64,34690.res,3 DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The concentrate containing pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and pyrite is passed through a biological oxidation stage and a pressure oxidation stage, in series. In the first stage the pyrrhotite, and a portion of the arsenopyrite are economically treated by bacterial oxidation.
Some of the arsenopyrite remains unreacted while, on the other hand, some of the pyrite reacts in the first stage but to a lesser extent than does the arsenopyrite and the pyrrhotite.
In the second stage the oxygen-rich conditions at elevated temperature are effective in efficiently oxidising the pyrite and any residual pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite.
When the pyrite reacts with oxygen the following simplified equation applies: 2 FeS 2 +15 02 H0 Fe (SO 4 3 H2SO (1) 2 The sulphuric acid which is generated must be neutralised, if the pyrite reacts with oxygen in a bacterial environment, so that ideal conditions for bacterial activity can be maintained. It follows that S 25 if the pyrite is caused to react with oxygen in the pressure 4 oxidation step then it is not necessary to neutralise the sulphuric acid. Consequently the pyrite is more economically treated in the pressure oxidation process.
30 Arsenopyrite also reacts with oxygen to produce sulphuric acid in accordance with the following equation: FeAsS 7 02 H0 FeAsO H 2
SO
4 (2) 2 It is necessary to neutralise the sulphuric acid produced in accordance with equation 2 in the bacterial oxidation process. On th other hand if pyrrhotite is present then sulphuric acid is consumed, as follows: FeS 9 02 1 H 2
SO
4 1 Fe 2 (SO 4 3 1 H 2 0 (3) 4 2 2 2 Thus if pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite are present then the most economical process occurs when the pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite are allowed to react in the biological step and the pyrite is left to react in the pressure oxidation step. In the first step the acid which is generated by the arsenopyrite is partially or wholly consumed in the reaction with pyrrhotite and the need for neutralising the sulphuric acid is therefore at least substantially obviated.
The invention lends itself particularly to the case where an existing pressure oxidation plant must be expanded by providing Iadditional equipment. In such a case it would be advantageous to I 2 precede the pressure oxidation plant with a bacterial oxidation 20 plant, as illustrated in the block diagram. In other words the two plants are run in series as opposed to an alternative approach of operating the two plants in parallel.
',i In the series case only the arsenopyrite and the pyrrhotite are allowed to oxidise in the biological oxidation stage. The reaction i time is reduced to approximately half that required for the parallel case. The series approach is therefore preferable to operating the two stages in parallel, for the biological stage will require about one half of the size of the biological stage in the parallel case.
The gold content of the concentrate is easily recovered by known techniques after the sulfide minerals have been broken down, with the metal content beine precipitated in a more acceptaLle form.
ii
Claims (4)
1. A method of treating a mixed concentrate of at least pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and pyrite, which comprises the steps of firstly subjecting the mixed concentrate to bacterial oxidation whereby substantially all of the pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and some of the pyrite are oxidized with atmospheric oxygen under ambient conditions, and secondly subjecting the bacterially 0 oxidized mixed concentrate to pressure oxidation whereby substantially all of the pyrite in the concentrate is oxidized. j|
2. A method of treating a mixed concentrate of S* 15 arsenopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite wherein substantially all pyrrhotite and the arsenopyrite are principally oxidized in a first biological stage in accordance with the following equations and FeAsS 7 02 H 2 0 FeAsO 4 H 2 SO 4 (1) 2 FeS 9 02 1 H 2 SO4 1 Fe 2 (S0 4 3 1 H 2 0 (2) 4 2 2 2 and thereafter, most of the pyrite is oxidized at elevated temperature under oxygen-rich conditions substantially in accordance with the following equation together with residual pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite: 2 FeS 2 15 02 H 2 0 Fe 2 (SO 4 3 H2SO 4 (3) 2
3. A process for enhancing economical recovery of metals from mineral compositions containing at least pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite, comprising the consecutive steps of: 910828,dbdatO78,34690.res 1 6 -7- subjecting the mineral composition to bacterial oxidation so that at least the pyrrhotite and the arsenopyrite are at least partially oxidized, and subsequently leaching any remaining metal sulfides contained in the bacterially oxidized mineral composition with oxygen present at a pressure greater than ambient air pressure to promote oxidation of the remaining metal sulfides.
4. A process according to claim 3 further including the Sstep of initiating the second step when substantially all tf C of the pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite contained in the mineral composition have been oxidized in the first step. A process according to claim 3 or 4 further Sincluding the step of ensuring a supply of oxygen to the mineral composition at ambient pressure during the first S step. DATED this 30th day of August, 1991 General Mining Union Corporation Limited By Its Patent Attorneys DAVIES COLLISON 910830,dbdat078,34690.res,7 i
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA88/3546 | 1988-05-19 | ||
| ZA883546 | 1988-05-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU3469089A AU3469089A (en) | 1989-11-23 |
| AU616967B2 true AU616967B2 (en) | 1991-11-14 |
Family
ID=25579264
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU34690/89A Expired AU616967B2 (en) | 1988-05-19 | 1989-05-11 | Treatment of mixed metal sulfide concentrates |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU616967B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8902300A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2016018A6 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2631635B1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR1001547B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU592161B2 (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1990-01-04 | Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited | Extraction of metal values from ores or concentrates |
| AU600071B2 (en) * | 1987-01-23 | 1990-08-02 | Bactech (Australia) Pty Limited | Thermophilic microbial treatment of precious metal ores |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3796308A (en) * | 1972-07-24 | 1974-03-12 | Canadian Patents Dev | Bacterial oxidation in upgrading sulfidic ores and coals |
| AU565144B2 (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1987-09-03 | Cra Services Limited | Process |
| CA1234290A (en) * | 1984-09-27 | 1988-03-22 | Donald R. Weir | Recovery of gold from refractory auriferous iron- containing sulphidic material |
| US4731114A (en) * | 1985-02-13 | 1988-03-15 | Amax Inc. | Recovery of precious metals from refractory low-grade ores |
| GB2180829B (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1989-08-16 | Aurotech N L | Precious metal extraction |
-
1989
- 1989-05-11 AU AU34690/89A patent/AU616967B2/en not_active Expired
- 1989-05-15 GR GR890100324A patent/GR1001547B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-16 ES ES8901629A patent/ES2016018A6/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-17 BR BR898902300A patent/BR8902300A/en unknown
- 1989-05-18 FR FR898906494A patent/FR2631635B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU592161B2 (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1990-01-04 | Davy Mckee (Stockton) Limited | Extraction of metal values from ores or concentrates |
| AU600071B2 (en) * | 1987-01-23 | 1990-08-02 | Bactech (Australia) Pty Limited | Thermophilic microbial treatment of precious metal ores |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GR1001547B (en) | 1994-04-29 |
| FR2631635B1 (en) | 1992-09-18 |
| FR2631635A1 (en) | 1989-11-24 |
| ES2016018A6 (en) | 1990-10-01 |
| AU3469089A (en) | 1989-11-23 |
| GR890100324A (en) | 1991-10-10 |
| BR8902300A (en) | 1990-01-09 |
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