AU611556B2 - Detergent compositions and process for preparing them - Google Patents

Detergent compositions and process for preparing them Download PDF

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Publication number
AU611556B2
AU611556B2 AU33751/89A AU3375189A AU611556B2 AU 611556 B2 AU611556 B2 AU 611556B2 AU 33751/89 A AU33751/89 A AU 33751/89A AU 3375189 A AU3375189 A AU 3375189A AU 611556 B2 AU611556 B2 AU 611556B2
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Prior art keywords
sodium
granulation
starting material
detergent
particulate starting
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AU3375189A (en
Inventor
Michael William Hollingsworth
Donald Peter
Timothy John Price
Peter John Russell
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Unilever PLC
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Unilever PLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
    • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
    • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
    • C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
    • C11D11/04—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents by chemical means, e.g. by sulfonating in the presence of other compounding ingredients followed by neutralising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
    • C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Description

AUSTRALIA
PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION 6Form Form
(ORIGINAL)
FOR OFFICE USE Short Title: Int. Cl: Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification-Lodged: Accepted: Lapsed: Published; Priority: 4* Related Art: TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT Name of Applicant: Address of Applicant: UNILEVER PLC UNILEVER HOUSE
BLACKFRIARS
LONDON EC4
ENGLAND
4 0 Actual Inventor: Address for Service: GRIFFITH HACK CO., 601 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
Complete Specification for the invention entitled: DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THEM The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to me:- IA- C.3261 DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THEM 5 TECHNICAL FIELD 0* em The present invention relates to granular detergent
C
compositions of high bulk density having good washing performance and good powder properties, and a process for 10 preparing them.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART Recently there has been considerable interest within the detergents industry in the production of detergent powders having relatively high bulk density, for example, 600 g/litre and above. Particular attention has been paid to the densification of spray-dried powders by post-treatment. EP 219 328A (Unilever) discloses a granular low-phosphate detergent composition prepared by spray-drying a slurry to give a base powder containing a low to moderate level of sodium tripolyphosphate builder and low levels of inorganic salts, and then postdosing
'I
2 C.3261 solid material including sodium sulphate of high bulk density and of smaller particle size than the base powder, thus filling the voids between base powder particles and producing a product of high bulk density.
JP 61 069897A (Kao) discloses a process in which a spray-dried detergent powder containing a high level of anionic surfactant and a low level of builder (zeolite) is subjected successively to pulverising and granulating treatments in a high-speed mixer/granulator, the granulation being carried out in the presence of an "agent for improving surface properties" and optionally a binder. It would appear that in the high-speed mixer/granulator, the spray-dried powder is initially 15 broken down to a fine state of division; the surface-improving agent and optional binder are then added and the pulverised material granulated to form a final product of high bulk density. The surface-improving agent, which is a finely divided particulate solid such as fine sodium aluminosilicate, is apparently required in order to prevent the composition from forming into large balls or cakes.
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S9 EP 229 671A (Kao) discloses postdosing a crystalline 25 alkaline inorganic salt, for example, sodium carbonate, to a spray-dried base powder prepared as in the above-mentioned JP 61 069897A (Kao) and containing a restricted level of water-soluble crystalline inorganic Ssalts, to produce a high bulk density product.
salts, to produce a high bulk density product.
to GB 1 517 713 (Unilever) discloses a process in which spray-dried or granulated detergent powders containing sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium sulphate are densified and spheronised in a "marumerizer" (Trade Mark).
4 1 I i 3 C.3261 GB 1 453 697 (Unilever) discloses the use of the same apparatus to granulate together detergent powder components in the presence of a liquid binder to form a granular detergent composition. The "marumerizer" comprises a substantially horizontal roughened rotatable table positioned within and at the base of a substantially vertical smooth-walled cylinder. The disadvantage associated with this apparatus is that it produces powders or granules having a rather wide particle size distribution, and in particular containing a relatively high proportion of oversize particles.
Such products exhibit poor dissolution and dispersion characteristics, particularly in low-temperature short duration machine washes as used in Japanese and other 15 far-eastern washing machines. This can be apparent to the consumer as deposits on washed fabrics, and in machine washing leads to a high level of wastage.
*e EP 220 024A (Procter Gamble) discloses a process S 20 in which a spray-dried detergent powder containing a high level (30-85 wt%) of anionic surfactant is mixed with an inorganic builder (sodium tripolyphosphate, or sodium aluminosilicate and sodium carbonate) and compacted under high pressure using a roll compactor ("chilsonator"); 25 the compacted material, after removal of oversize material and fines, is then granulated using conventional apparatus, for example, a fluidised bed, tumble mixer, or rotating drum or pan.
30 EP 158 419A (Hashimura) discloses the preparation of a detergent powder by mixing a major proportion of soda ash (preferably 70 to 85 wt% of the mixture) and a minor proportion of surfactant (wholly or predominantly nonionic) in a high-speed mixer/granulator.
rs- mrnr(~ 4 C.3261 It has now been found that spray-dried powders containing moderate or high levels of water-soluble crystalline inorganic salts, including sodium tripolyphosphate and/or sodium carbonate, can be granulated and densified in a high-speed mixer/granulator, if necessary after pulverisation, without the need for an "agent for improving surface properties" or similar pulverulent material, even when high levels of anionic surfactant are present.
DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a process for the 15 preparation of a granular detergent composition or component having a bulk density of at least 650 g/litre, which comprises the step of treating a particulate starting material comprising: from 12 to 70 wt% of non-soap detergent-active material, and at least 15 wt% of water-soluble crystalline inorganic salts, including sodium 25 tripolyphosphate and/or sodium carbonate, the weight ratio of to being at least 0.4:1, and optionally other detergent components to 100 wt%,
S
in a high-speed mixer/granulator having both a stirring action and a cutting action, in the absence of a finely divided particulate agent for improving surface properties, whereby granulation and densification to a bulk density of at least 650 g/litre are effected.
i! DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention is concerned with a process for the preparation of a detergent powder combining high bulk density, good powder properties and excellent washing and cleaning performance.
The present inventors have found that a detergent base powder prepared by any suitable method and containing substantial levels of water-soluble crystalline inorganic salts may be processed in a high-speed mixer/granulator, without the need for the use of an "agent for improving surface properties" during the granulation step as prescribed by JP 61 069897A (Kao), to 15 give a dense granulate having good flow properties, even if relatively high levels of anionic surfactant are present. The product is characterised by an especially 99 narrow particle size distribution, and in particular by a .very small proportion of oversize material, giving good and rapid cold water dispersability and low insolubles. The starting powder S 25 A preferred starting powder has a ratio of total water-soluble crystalline inorganic salts to total non-soap surfactant within the range of from 0.4:1 to 9:1, more preferably from 0.4:1 to 5:1. An especially preferred range for the ratio of to is from 1:1 to 5:1.
Preferably the starting powder contains a total of from 15 to 70 wt% of water-soluble crystalline inorganic salts. As well as sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate, examples of such salts include sodium 6 C.3261 sulphate, sodium ortho- and pyrophosphates, and crystalline sodium silicates, that is to say, sodium silicates having a ratio (SiO 2 to Na 2 O) 1, such as sodium orthosilicate and sodium metasilicate. The alkaline and neutral silicates of higher ratio commonly used in detergent compositions are not to be regarded as crystalline.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the starting powder contains from 15 to wt%, more preferably from 20 to 40 wt%, of sodium tripolyphosphate.
The non-soap surfactant present in the starting 15 powder preferably consists at least partially of anionic surfactant. Suitable anionic surfactants will be well known to those skilled in the art, and include linear alkylbenzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear alkylbenzenesulphonates having an alkyl chain length of Cg-C15; primary and secondary alkyl sulphates, particularly sodium C 12
-C
15 primary alcohol sulphates; alkyl ether sulphates; alpha-olefin and internal olefin sulphonates; alkane sulphonates; dialkyl p sulphosuccinates; fatty acid ester sulphonates; and 25 combinations thereof.
If desired, the starting powder may contain nonionic surfactant. Nonionic surfactants too will be well known S 0 to those skilled in the art, and include primary and secondary alcohol ethoxylates, especially the C12-C15 primary and secondary alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 3 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
_i i .I 7-C..3261 Suitably the surfactant component of the starting powder may be constituted by from 0 to preferably from 8 to 60 wt%, of anionic surfactant, and from 0 t~o 20%, preferably from 0 to 10%, by weight of nonionic surfactant.
Other types of non-soap surfactant, for example, cationic. zwitterionic, amphoteric or semipolar surfactants, may also be present if desired. Many suitable detergent-active compounds are available and are fully described in the literature, for example, in "Surface-Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes I and I1, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch.
If desired, soap may also be present, to provide *foam control and additional detergency and builder power; soap is not included in the 12 to 70% figure for the e.surfactant content quoted previously.
20 The starting powder may be prepared by any suitable tower or non-tower method, for example, spray-drying or *dry mixing. The invention is especially useful for the densification of a spray-dried powder.
If desired, at least part of the water-soluble crystalline inorganic salt to be included in the final product may be admixed to the remainder of the starting powder in the high-speed mixer/granulator itself. In this embodiment of the invention, the percentages and 30 ratios specified above should be based on the total material introduced into the high-speed mixer/granulator, including the added salt.
8 C.3261 Thus it is within the scope of the present invention to introduce into the high-speed mixer/granulator a starting powder, prepared for example by spray-drying, containing less than the amount of water-soluble crystalline inorganic salt specified above, and then to admix with that powder, in the high-speed mixer/granulator, sufficient water-soluble crystalline inorganic salt to bring the salt percentage and the ratio to up to the specified level.
Similarly, it is within the scope of the invention to add surfactant, or indeed any other component, in the high-speed mixer/granulator provided that the final composition is as specified above, and provided that the 15 component so added is not a finely divided "agent for improving surface properties" as described in JP 61 069897A (Kao) discussed previously. Thus, in the process of the invention, any component other than a finely divided particulate solid having a particle size of less than 100 microns may be added to the high-speed mixer/granulator prior to granulation.
9* One procedure according to the invention includes e *the step of admixing at least one inorganic or organic 25 salt having a particle size of at least 100 microns with the remainder of the starting powder in the high-speed mixer/granulator. If the salt is water-soluble, inorganic and crystalline, it should be included within S. the percentages and ratios specified above which relate 30 to the total amount of such salts in the material subjected to granulation in the high-speed mixer/granulator.
A4 9 C.3261 Salts that may conveniently be incorporated by this method include borax, sodium bicarbonate, sodium silicate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium succinate, sodium sulphate and combinations of these. These salts can give various benefits: for example, borax and sodium bicarbonate are buffers giving mild products of low in-wash pH.
The process In the process of the invention, granulation is S 15 effected by means of a high-speed mixer/granulator having both a stirring action and a cutting action. Preferably the stirrer and the cutter may be operated independently of one another, and at separately variable speeds. Such a mixer is capable of combining a high energy stirring input with a cutting action, but can also be used to provide other, gentler stirring regimes with or without the cutter in operation. It is thus a highly versatile and flexible piece of apparatus.
25 A preferred type of high-speed mixer/granulator for use in the process of the invention is bowl-shaped and preferably has a substantially vertical stirrer axis.
Especially preferred are mixers of the Fukae (Trade Mark) FS-G series manufactured by Fukae Powtech Kogyo Co., Japan; this apparatus is essentially in the form of a bowl-shaped vessel accessible via a top port, provided near its base with a stirrer having a substantially vertical axis, and a cutter positioned on a side wall.
The stirrer and cutter may be operated independently of one another, and at separately variable speeds.
10 C.3261 Other similar mixers found to be suitable for use in the process of the invention are the Diosna (Trade Mark) V series ex Dierks Sbhne, Germany; and the Pharma Matrix (Trade Mark) ex T K Fielder Ltd., England. Other similar mixers believed to be suitable for use in the process of the invention include the Fuji (Trade Mark) VG-C series ex Fuji Sangyo Co., Japan; and the Roto (Trade Mark) ex Zanchetta Co srl, Italy.
Another mixer found to be suitable for use in the process of the invention is the Lbdige (Trade Mark) FM series batch mixer ex Morton Machine Co. Ltd., Scotland.
This differs from the mixers mentioned above in that its Sstirrer has a horizontal axis.
64* As indicated above, the use of a high-speed mixer/granulator is essential in the process of the invention to effect granulation and densification. If 2 desired, the mixer may also be used for a pretreatment step before granulation is carried out.
S For example, it is within the scope of the invention, as previously indicated, for one or more further ingredients to be admixed with an otherwise 25 premixed powder prepared elsewhere (for example, by spray-drying). A suitable stirring/cutting regime and residence time may be chosen in accordance with the materials to be mixed.
Another possible pretreatment that may be carried out in the high-speed mixer/granulator is pulverisation; whether or not this is necessary depends, among other things, on the method of preparation of the starting powder and its free moisture content. Powders prepared by spray-drying, for example, are more likely to require !i i 11 -C.3261 pulverisation than powders prepared by dry-mixing.
Again, the flexibility of the apparatus allows a suitable stirring/cutting regime to be chosen: generally relative:ly high rpeeds for both stirrer and cutter. A S relatively short residence time (for example, 2-4 minutes for a 35 kg batch) is generally sufficient.
T~he essential feature of the process of the invention is the granulation step, during which densification to the very high values of at least 650 g/litre, preferably at least 700 g/litre occurs, giving a dense, granular product of very uniform particle size and generally spherical particle shape.
Granulation is effected by running the mixer at a .relatively high speed using both stirrer and cut-ter, a relatively short residence time (for example, 5-8 minutes a 35 kg batch) is generally sufficient. The final bulk density can be controlled by choice of residence 20 time, and it has been found that the powder properties of the resulting granulate are not optimum unless the bulk denF'ty has been allowed to rise to at least 650 g/litre.
The presence of a liquid binder is necessary for successful granulation. The amount of binder added preferably does not exceed that needed to bring the free moisture content of the composition above about 6 wt%, since higher levels may lead to a deterioration in the properties of the final granulate. If necessary, binder, preferably water, may be added before or during granulation, but some starting powders will inherently contain sufficient moisture. If a liquid binder is to be added, it may be sprayed in while the mixer is running. In one preferred mode of operation, the mixer 12 C.3261 o .9 a .9t *96I is Zirst operated at a relatively slow speed while binder is added, before increasing the speed of the mixer to effect granulation.
If the starting powder has a sufficient free moisture content to render the addition of a binder unnecessary, pulverisation (if required) and granulation need not be regarded as separate process steps but as one single operation. Indeed, it is not, in that case, necessary to decide in advance whether or not pulverisation is required: the mixer may simply be allowed to do what is necessary, since the mixei conditions required are generally substantially the same for pulverisation and for granulation.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, granulation is carried out at a controlled temperature somewhat above ambient, preferably above 30 C. The optimum temperature is apparently formulation-dependent, but appears generally to lie within the range of from 30 to 45°C, preferably about 35 C.
It is an essential feature of the present invention 25 that during granulation no "agent for improving surface properties" as defined in the above-mentioned JP 61 069897A (Kao) be present. When processing a formulation having a relatively high ratio of aluminosilicate builder to surfactant, in accordance with the present invention, the use of a finely divided particulate material such as fine sodium aluminosilicate during the granulation step is not only unnecessary but can with some formulations make granulation more difficult, or even impossible.
ii .e r I I: 1.
13 C.3261 The optional flow aid In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a finely divided particulate flow aid may be admixed with the granular material after granulation is complete. Advantageously, flow aid is added while the granulate is still in the high-speed mixer/granulator, and the mixer is operated at a slow speed for a further short period. No further granulation occurs at this stage. It is also within the scope of the invention to add the flow aid to the granulate after removing the latter to different apparatus.
This embodiment of the invention should be S 15 distinguished from the prior art process of JP 61 069897A (Kao), mentioned above, in which an "agent for improving surface properties", which can be fine sodium o' aluminosilicate, is present during the granulation stage itself. It is within the scope of the present invention S 20 to add a particulate flow aid after granulation is complete, but, as explained above, it is essential to the invention that no finely divided particulate "agent for improving surface properties" be present during granulation. The addition of a flow aid after 25 granulation is complete can have an additional beneficial eel, effect on the properties of the granulate, regardless of the formulation, whereas the presence of this type of V material during the granulation step in the process of I Y 3 the invention makes processing more difficult.
The preferred granulation temperature of from 30 to 0 C, preferably about 35 0 C, may also be maintained during the subsequent admixture of a flow aid.
II
14 C.3261 9 9 9.
9 9 The flow aid is a finely divided particulate material. The preferred average particle size is 0.1 to 20 microns, more preferably 1 to 10 microns.
According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the flow aid is finely divided amorphous sodium aluminosilicate, as described and claimed in our copending application of even date (Case C.3236). A suitable material is available commercially from Crosfield Chemicals Ltd, Warrington, Cheshire, England, under the trade mark Alusil. This material is effective in improving flow properties even at very low levels, and also has the effect of increasing bulk density. It is therefore possible to adjust bulk 15 density by appropriate choice of the level of amorphous sodium aluminosilicate added after granulation.
Amorphous sodium aluminosilicate is advantageously used in an amount of from 0.2 to 5.0 wt%, based on the starting powder, more preferably from 0.5 to 3.0 wt%.
Another preferred flow aid is finely divided crystalline sodium aluminosilicate. The crystalline aluminosilicates discussed previously in the context of 25 builders are also suitable for use as flow aids. They are, however, less weight-effective than the amorphous material and are suitably used in an amount of from to 12.0 wt%, more preferably from 4.0 to 10.0 wt%.
30 If desired, both crystalline and amorphous sodium aluminosilicates may be used, together or sequentially, as flow aids.
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a 99 9 9 99 999* 9 9 99.
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spray-drying a slurry to give A base powder containing a low to moderate level of sodium tripolyphosphate builder and low levels of inorganic salts, And then postdosing -C.3261 other flow aids suitable for use in the process of the invention include precipitated silica, for example, Neosyl (Trade Mark) and precipitated calcium silicate, for example, Microcal (Trade Mark) both commercially available from Crosfield Chemicals Ltd, Warrington, Cheshire, England.
The final granulate The final granulate has a bulk density of at least 650 g/litre and preferably at least 700 g/litre. It is also characterised by an especially low particle porosity, preferably not exceeding 0.25 and more 15 preferably not exceeding 0.20, which distinguishes it from even the densest powders prepared by spray-drying alone.
The final granulate may be used as a complete 20 detergent composition in its own right. Alternatively, it may be admixed with other components or mixtures .1 *prepared separately, and may form a major or minor part of a final product. Generally, any additional ingredients such as enzymes, bleach and perfume that are not suitable for undergoing the granulation process and the steps that precede it may be admixed to the granulate to make a final product.
30In one preferred embodiment of the invention, for example, a detergent base powder is prepared by spray-drying an aqueous slurry of heat-insensitive and compatible ingredients; if desired, other ingredients may then be admixed as discussed above; and the resulting powder is densified and granulated in accordance with the process of the invention. Yet further ingredients may if desired be admixed after IR44 4 0.11 16 C. 3 261 granulation; the densified granulate may typically constitute from 40 to 100 wt% of a final product.
in another embodiment of the invention, the densified granulate prepared in accordance with the present invention is an "adjunct" comprising a relatively high level of detergent-active material on an inorganic carrier; and this may be admixed in a minor amount with other ingredients to form a final product.
The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting Examples, in which parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.
4 44 4 ~8 9 .4 Os 44 V V
V
4* S S 0 040.
V 0 .4 0 4* 04 4 4~ 5*40
V
4.
I~ 4'.4 .4 4 4 4 4 .4 r 0 III liii IIIIEII~I 17 C. 3261 a A a 6 2 EXAMPLE S In the Examples which follow, the following abbreviations are used.
LAS: sodium linear alkyJlbenzene sulphonate NI: nonionic surfactant (ethoxylated alcohol) NSD:- total non-soap detergent STP: sodium tripolyphosphate Carbonate: sodium carbonate Sulphate: sodium sulphate Silicate: sodium alkaline silicate g: good Alu: Alusil (Trade Mark) N, finely divided amorphous sodium aluminosilicate Zeo: Zeolite 4A (Wessalith (Trade Mark) ex Degussa) a C aw~ a~ a a a a.
bul% density of at least 650 g/litre are effected, ~Z~k :2~gg~zt ATAX~. ~W 'AW~t4 18 C. 3261 Examples 1 2 Powders containing sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium sulphate were prepared by spray-drying aqueous slurries to the formul~ations (weight shown in Table 1.
Table I Example
LAS
NI
NSD (a)
STP
Sulphate Salts (b)
S
S
S.
S
54. 6 a, 4'
SOS
*6 *4 A S 0& Be
S
4 5.5' U S S. S
'I
0* 5 SOS S i, S..
S. S
S
~S
15 12.2 8.1 20.3 42.7 10.2 52.9 10.2 2.4 14.2 2.6 2 9.7 2.8 12.5 42.5 14.8 57.3 4.9 10.0 2.8 12.5 4.6 Soap Silicate Minors Water (a) kg batches of each powder were densified in a Fukae (Trade Mark) high-speed mixer/granulator, process conditions and resulting powder properties being shown in Table 2. In Example 1, the powder was initially subjected to a 2-3 minute warming up period, at a low stirrer speed (50 rpm) and without the cutter running, until the temperature had reached about 30-35 0 C. This was followed by pulverisation (optional), then binder addition (also optional), then granulation, followed finally by addition of flow aid.
salts. As well as sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate, examplAs of such salts include sodium -19 C.3261 Table 2 1 2(a) 2(b) Pulverisation: Time (min) 4 0.5 Stirrer speed (rpm) 180 180 180 Cutter speed (rpm) 3000 1.000 1000 Binder (water): Amount (wt 4 0.5 Addition time (min) 1 0.5 Stirrer speed (rpm) 100 100 100 Cutter speed (rpm) 3000 3000 3000 6! 15 Granulation: Time (min) 15 7 6 Stirrer speed (rpm) 140 140 140 *Cutter speed (rpm) 2700 3000 3000 20 Flow ad aid Zeo or Alu Alu Alu 7eo Amount (wt 2 1.5 em a *Addition time (min) I 1 I Stirrer speed (rpm) 90 90 g. 25 Cutter speed (rpm) 300 300 300 p meYield <1700 pim (wt %)95 93 97 C.Average particle size 689 555 480 30 Bulk density (g/litre) 854 840 780 Dynamic flow rate (ml/s) 109 92 61 Compressibility 7.6 7 12 Particle porosity <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Comparison of Examples 2(a) and 2(b) shows the greater weight-affectiveness of Alusil as flow aid.
20 C.3261 Examples 3 to Powders containing sodium tripolyphosphate as the sole water-soluble crystalline inorganic salt were prepared by spray-drying aqueous slurries to the formulations (weight shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Example 3 4 LAS 48.6 25.3 26.4 NT 2.4 2.6 NSD 48.6 27.7 29.0 STP 26.7 42.5 45.9 Salts 26.7 42.5 45.9 Silicate 15.5 11.0 10.0 S 20 Minors 1.5 2.9 2.9 Water 7.7 15.9 12.2 S. 0.55 1.5 1.6 kg batches of each powder were densified in a Fukae (Trade Mark) high-speed mixer/granulator as described in Examples 1 and 2, process conditions and resulting powder properties being shown in Tables 4 and
}I
-21 C.3261.
Table 4 3 5 5 (b) Pulverisation: Time (min) 3 0.5 Stirrer speed (rpm) 300 180 180 Cutter speed (rpm) 3000 3000 3000 Binder (water): Amount (wt 2 none none Addition time (ruin) 1I Stirrer speed (rpm) 100-- Cutter speed (rpm) 3000-- 15 Granulation: eTime (ruin) 5 5 6 *Stirrer speed (rpm) 275 140 140 **Cutter speed (rpm) 3000 2700 2700 20 Flow aid: Zeo. or Alu. Alu Alu Zeo *Amount (wt 1 1.5 Addition tinme (muin) 1 1 1 oStirrer speed (rpm) 90 90 25 Cutter speed (rpm) 0 300 300 *Yield <1700 4±m (wt 80 94 93 0 Average particle size (4im) 693 528 389 Bulk density (g/litre) 673 720 820 Dynamic flow rate (ml/s) 134 83 96 Compressibility 3.5 14 11 Particle porosity <0.20 <0.20 <0.20
I
22 C.3261 Table 4 4 (b) Pulverisation: Time (min) 0.5 Stirrer speed (rpm) 180 180 Cutter speed (rpi) 3000 3000 Binder (water): Amount (wt 1 Addition time (min) 0.5 Stirrer speed (rpm) 100 100 Cutter speed (rpm) 3000 3000 Granulation: Time (min) 4 4 Stirrer speed (rpm) 140 140 Cutter speed (rpm) 2700 2700 Flow aid: Zeo. or Alu. Alu Alu Amount (wt 2.5 Addition time (min) 1 1 25 Stirrer speed (rpm) 90 Cutter speed (rpm) 300 300 Yield <1700 Am (wt 95 96 Average particle size (Am) 501 608 Bulk density (g/litre) 830 770 Dynamic flow rate (ml/s) 86 89 Compressibility 9 11 Particle porosity <0.20 <0.20 i AAlnea nC Flot4- a at CAaItA valooWb IIIX "WI, V.6 one anothor and at separately variable speeds, 23 C.3261 Examples 6 to 8 Powders containing sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate were prepared to the formulations (weight shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Example
LAS
NI
NSD (a) 0
S
50 S r
S
15 STP Carbonate Sulphate Salts (b) Soap Silicate Calcite Minors Water 28.0 28.0 27.0 5.0 15.0 47.0 8.0 1.0 11.0 1.7 15.0 3.0 18.0 30.0 10.0 15.0 55.0 6.0 9.0 1.0 11.0 11.0 15.5 17.0 26.0 18.9 17.2 62.1 1.4 9.8 (a) 3.0 3.7 0* The powders were prepared by spray-drying aqueous slurries. However, the sodium carbonate in the powder of Example 6 was not incorporated via the slurry but postdosed in the Fukae mixer.
kg batches of each powder were densified in a Fukae (Trade Mark) high-speed mixer/granulator as described in Examples 1 and 2, process conditions and resulting powder properties being shown in Table 7.
by iptay-dsyinB, or exampte, e moonew tkey to fegulU by gspiay-diryingr gior extamfple, are more .likely to require ~zz~ x~g ~t r.w 24 Table 7 C.3261 9* 9 99** 9.
.9 Pulverisation: Time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) Cutter speed (Xpm) Binder (water): Amount (wt Addition time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) Cutter speed (rpm) Granulation: Time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) Cutter speed (rpm) Flow aid: Zeo. or Alu.
Amount (wt Addition time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) Cutter speed (rpm) 1 300 3000 0.
2 100 3000 1 1 100 3000 '7 1 300 3000 4 225 3000 4 200 3000 Alu 1 1 90 0 Alu 1 1 0 *9t 9 9 9 Yield <1700 im (wt Average particle size (im) Bulk density (g/litre) Dynamic flow rate (ml/s) Compressibility Particle porosity g 743 906 133 3.5 <0.20 g 582 800 120 <0.20
I
running, n Ln one prxerrea mowe og operaifont, tne mnixer Now" S: KSKS*'.; C.3261 25 Table 8 8 (a) none 8 (b) none 8(o) none i S S 5 eo et* f I* S
I
fi S. Pulverisation: Time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) Cutter speed (rpm) Binder (water): Amount (wt Addition time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) Cutter speed (rpm) Granulation: Time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) Cutter speed (rpm) Flow aid: Zeo or Alu Amount (wt Addition time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) Cutter speed (rpm) 1.5 0.5 100 3000 10 140 2700 Alu 1.5 0.5 90 300 1.5 0.5 100 3000 7 140 2700 Alu 1.5 0.5 90 300 1 100 3000 7 140 2700 Alu 1 1 300 Yield <1700 4m (wt Bulk density (g/litre) Dynamic flow rate (ml/s) Compressibility Particle porosity 94.5 96 920 g g <0.20 870 g g <0.20 760 g g <0.20 !i 26 C.3261 Examples 9 and Powders containing sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate were prepared, by spray-drying aqueous slurries, to the formulations (weight shown in Table 9, and densified in the Fukae mixer as in previous Examples, as shown in Table Table 9 Example 9 LAS 38.0 22.7 NI 2.1 S 15 NSD 38.0 24.8 9 STP 21.0 37.1 Carbonate 22.0 17.5 Salts 43.0 54.6 Silicate 12.0 9.3 Minors 1.0 Water 6.0 10.3 25 1.1 2.2 o a We bahlur !StnCT' ^am.t )mf itr;il i.rl FuraxiL7i~.srra 27 C.3261 Table 9 Pulverisation: Time (min) 3 3 Stirrer speed (rpm) 300 300 Cutter speed (rpm) 3000 3000 Binder (water): AmDunt (wt 2 1 Addition time (min) 1 1 Stirrer speed (rpm) 100 100 SCutter speed (rpm) 3000 3000 Granulation: Time (min) 5 Stirrer speed (rpm) 275 275 Cutter speed (rpm) 3000 3000 Flow aid: :Zeo or Alu Alu Alu Amount (Ut 1 1 Addition time (min) 1 1 25 Stirrer speed (rpm) 90 Cutter speed (rpm) 0 0 Yield <1700 4m (wt 80 Average particle size (pm) 810 566 Bulk density (g/litre) 746 801 Dynamic flow rate (ml/s) 137 122 Compressibility 3.0 Particle porosity <0.20 <0.20 i- 5-1 I t 28 Example 11 C.3261 A powder containing sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium sulphate and borax was prepared to the formulation (weight shown in Table 11.
Table 11
LAS
NSD (a)
STP
Sulphate Borax Salts (b) *aqaaar a a a..
ar a 9 a a a.
a a a.
28.0 28.0 27.0 19.7 10.0 56.7 0.8 10.0 2.03 Polyacrylate polymer Minors Water (a) The powder was prepared by spray-drying an aqueous slurry of all the ingredients except the borax. 9.0 kg 25 of spray-dried base powder and 1.0 kg of borax were mixed and granulated/densified in the Fukae mixer, process conditions and resulting powder properties being shown in Table 12.
accordance with the process of the invention. Yet further ingredients may if desired be admixed after 29 C.3261 Table 12 11 Mixing: Time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) 200 Cutter speed (rpm) 0 Binder (water): Amount (wt 1 Addition time (min) 1 Stirrer speed (rpm) 300 Cutter speed (rpm) 3000 15 Granulation: Time (min) 9 Stirrer speed (rpm) 300 Cutter speed (rpm) 3000
I
Breakdown of oversize: Time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) Cutter speed (rpm) 3000 25 Flow aid: Zeo or Alu Alu Amount (wt 1 Addition time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) Cutter speed (rpm) 0 Discharge: Time (min) Stirrer speed (rpm) Cutter speed (rpm) 0 I 30 C.3261 During granulation the temperature rose from an initial 20 0 C to about 40-45 0 C. It was not necessary to cool the mixer.
The properties of the densified granulate were as follows: Yield <1700 im (wt Average particle size (m) Bulk density (g/litre) Dynamic flow rate (ml/s) Compressibility Particle porosity 82.1 583 887 140 4.7 <0.20
S
5 The product was a mild detergent powder giving a pH (1 wt% aqueous solution) of 9.2.
Si S .00 0.0 0 a t ~s i 1 i i i

Claims (20)

1. A process for the preparation of a granular detergent composition or component having a bulk density of at least 650 g/litre and a particle porosity not exceeding 0.25, which comprises the step of treating a particulate starting material comprising: from 12 to 70 wt% of non-soap detergent-active material, and at least 15 wt% of water-soluble crystalline inorganic salts, at least part of which is sodium S tripolyphosphate and/or sodium carbonate, the weight ratio of to being at least 0.4:1, and optionally other detergent components to 100 wt%, in a high-speed mixer/granulator having independently controllable stirrer and cutter elements, in the presence of a liquid binder but in the absence of a finely divided particulate agent for improving surface properties, to effect granulation and densification of the particulate material to a bulk density of at least 650 g/litre.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein granulation is carried out in a bowl-type high-speed mixer/granulator having a substantially vertical stirrer axis.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the particulate starting material consists at least partially of a spray-dried powder. Comparison of 9xamples 2(a) and 2(b) shows the grente" welght-WFectivnel of Alusl as flow aid. -~rrnnr 32
4. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the particulate starting material has a ratio of to within the range of from 0.4:1 to 9:1. A process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the particulate starting material has a ratio of to (a) within the range of from 0.4:1 to 5:1.
6. A process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the particulate starting material has a ratio of to (a) S within the range of from 1:1 to 5:1.
7. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the particulate starting material comprises from 15 to wt% of said water-soluble crystalline inorganic salts.
8. A process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the particulate starting material comprises from 15 to 50 wt% of sodium tripolyphosphate.
9. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the non-soap detergent-active material of the particulate starting material consists at least partially of anionic detergent-active material. 0o*0o* i. 9 I I 33 C.3261 GB A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the particulate starting material is prepared by a process including the step of admixing at least one inorganic or organic salt having a particle size of at least 100 microns with the remainder of the particulate starting material in the high-speed mixer/granulator.
11. A process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the salt is selected from borax, sodium bicarbonate, sodium silicate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium succinate, sodium sulphate and combinations thereof. .515
12. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein S* the particulate starting material is pulverised in the S* high-speed mixer/granulator prior to granulation. 0" o 13. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a liquid binder is added to the particulate starting material in the high-speed mixer/granulator prior to 5 granulation.
14. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein granulation is carried out at a temperature of at least 30 0 C. A process as claimed in claim 14, wherein granulation is carried out at a temperature within the range of from 30 to A 34 C.3261 GB
16. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein granulation effects an increase in bulk density to at least 700 g/litre.
17. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, which further comprises the step of admixing a finely divided particulate flow aid to the granular material after granulation is complete.
18. A process as claimed in claim 17, wherein the flow aid is finely divided amorphous sodium aluminosilicate and/or finely divided crystalline sodium aluminosilicate. 4
19. A process as claimed in claim 18, wherein the flow a:d is amorphous sodium aluminosilicate and is added in a:i amount of from 0.2 to 5.0 wt%, based on the total composition. a 20. A process as claimed in claim 19, wherein the amorphous sodium aluminosilicate is added in an amount of 25 from 0.3 to 3.0 wt% based on the total composition. S 4 21. A process as claimed in claim 18, wherein the flow aid is finely divided crystalline sodium aluminosilicate and is added in an amount of from 3.0 to 12.0 wt% based on the total composition.
22. A process as claimed in claim 21, wherein the crystalline sodium aluminosilicate is added in an amount of from 4.0 to 10.0 wt% based on the total composition. il Particle porosity <0.20 <0.20 I r I 1 6 35 C.3261 GB
23. A process substantially as hereinbefore described in any one of Examples 1 to 11.
24. A detergent composition or component therefor, whenever prepared by a process as claimed in any preceding claim.
25. A detergent claim 24, having
26. A detergent 15 claim 25, having composition or component as a particle porosity of less composition or component as a particle porosity of less claimed in than 0.25. claimed in than 0.20. Sr *r 3, 4 .a j S 4 6 5.5. a S 5 5 DATED THIS 27TH DAY OF APRIL 1989 UNILEVER PLC By its Patent Attorneys: GRIFFITH HACK CO. Fellows Institute of Patent Attorneys of Australia.
AU33751/89A 1988-07-21 1989-04-27 Detergent compositions and process for preparing them Ceased AU611556B2 (en)

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US5668099A (en) * 1996-02-14 1997-09-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making a low density detergent composition by agglomeration with an inorganic double salt
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