AU600075B2 - Column construction or boiling space in a distilling apparatus - Google Patents
Column construction or boiling space in a distilling apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU600075B2 AU600075B2 AU10785/88A AU1078588A AU600075B2 AU 600075 B2 AU600075 B2 AU 600075B2 AU 10785/88 A AU10785/88 A AU 10785/88A AU 1078588 A AU1078588 A AU 1078588A AU 600075 B2 AU600075 B2 AU 600075B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- space
- tubes
- distilling apparatus
- connector
- heat exchange
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/08—Thin film evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/06—Evaporators with vertical tubes
- B01D1/10—Evaporators with vertical tubes with long tubes, e.g. Kestner evaporators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
- B01D1/305—Demister (vapour-liquid separation)
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
- Y10S159/42—Seals
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Separation, Sorting, Adjustment, Or Bending Of Sheets To Be Conveyed (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is a column construction or boiling space (10) in a distilling apparatus, comprising a pure vapour input connector (A), an input connector (B) for water to be distilled, numerous heat exchange tubes (12) within the column construction (10), a pure vapour removal connector (20), a distillate removal connector (21), and a connector (18) for removing water to be distilled that has not evaporated. The pure steam is caused to flow by the heat exchange tubes (12), and the impure water to be distilled is caused to flow by the intermediate space (13) between heat exchange tubes (12). The heat exchange tubes (12) are at both ends joined to flange (12').
Description
AUSTRALIA
PATFNTS ACT 1952 F J COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
FOR OFFICE USE Short Title: Int. Cl: Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification-Lodged: Accepted: Lapsed: Published: Priority: Related Art: ibus ducutumcnt COOWiDS 1Wc arunduwntw ruskdo under Section 49.
Wan Is corxct (or pr1ting.
I I 4 I l LI TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT Name of Applicant: OY SANTASALO-SOHLBERG AB AddreiLs of Applicant: TEOLLISUUSTIE 2 04300 HYRYLA
FINLAND
Actual Inventor: Address for Service: CLEMENT HACK CO., 601 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
Complete Specification for the invention entitled: COLUMN CONSTRUCTION OR BOILING SPACE IN A DISTILLING APPARATUS The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to me:- Column construction or boiling space in a distilling apparatus The present invention concerns a column construction or a boiling space in a distilling apparatus, comprising a pure vapour input connector, an input connector for water to be distilled, numerous heat exchange tubes within the column construction, a pure vapour removal connector, a/eti e removal connector and a connector for removal of water to be distilled which has not b-en vapourized.
0 00 Qoo o Numerous types of distilling apparatus of the kind defined above 0 00 "oo are known in the art. The problems associated with energy economy have been solved in distilling apparatus now on the market, and oo attention is nowadays directed on the quality of the distilled OUOU 15 water rtr ps a00000 The quality of the distilled water is influenced by the materials 0o°"O of the structures of the distilling apparatus, the structural 0 00 y, details of the distilling apparatus and, above all, the mode of 20 welding applied in producing said structures.
000a0 In the quality considerations of distilled water, particular attention is nowadays paid to minor impurities, even molecular in we order of magnitude, which in distilling apparatus designs of the 25 art are able to enter microscopic crevices in the structures.
Such microscopic crevices are formed e.g. w an the heat exchange tubes are affixed to the flanges. We may particularly mention biogenic bacteria, viruses, endotoxins, etc., which have a molecular weight even on the order of 10,000 to 500,000. Such impurities are extremely harmful, and they may totally destroy the quality of the distilled water. It has not been possible to avoid this drawback in designs of present ar;.
In distilling apparatus known at present, the general principle of operation is that in the column of the distilling apparatus is=hy -3 2 pure vapour is introduced by the input connector, and feed water is conducted into a distribution space where the water enters the heat exchange tubes and runs down within the same.
Particularly susceptible points regarding formation of microcrevices are the junctures where the heat exchange tubes join the flange structures. In distilling apparatus designs of existing art elimination of microcrevices has been atempted by applying the so-called expanding technique. Using this solution comparatively tight-sealing junctures are obtained, but the method involves relatively high cost, and complete elimination of mocrocrevices cannot be achieved even with this Smethod.
o .e It is an object of the present invention to improve over distilling apparatus column designs presently usL in the art.
4 4 ~According to the present invention there is provided distilling apparatus, comprising a structure defining a space therein, a plurality of heat exchange tubes extending through 4449 44 ~said space and being joined to said structure at junctures 02 thereof, a first input connector for introducing impure liquid 4 to be distilled communicating with said space, a second input connector for introducing heating vapour communicating with one end of said tubes, 4444 a first output connector communicating with said space for removing a mixture of vapour generated in said structure and remaining liquid which has not vaporised in said structure, and a second output connector communicating with an opposite end of said tubes for removing condensate and any remaining heating vapour, said structure, space, tubes, and connectors being arranged to conduct said heating vapour through said tubes extending through said space, and to conduct said impure liquid to be distilled through said space itself and around said tubes, without formation of any microcrevices at said tube junctures, additionally comprising f anges joined to both said ends of said heat exchange Zubes at said junctures thereof, a condensate collecting chamber situated underneath said flange joined to a bottom end of said tubes and through which said tubes and said second output connector communicate, and a distribution chamber situated above said flange joined to a top end of said tubes and through which said tubes and said second input connector communicate.
0 In order that the nature of the invention can be more easily ascertained a preferred embodiment will now be described, by °do° way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawing.
0 0 9 0 a 0 I_ 3 The figure presents an advantageous embodiment of thb distilling apparatus column construction of the invention, in schematic elevational view.
In the figure of the drawing, the distilling apparatus column is denoted with reference numeral 10. The column 10 comprises a distribution chamber 11, the flow of the vapour entering this chamber being indicated with arrow A. Within the column structure is located a plurality of heat exchange tubes 12, by which the pure steam has been disposed to flow, Between the heat exchange tubes 12 an intermediate space 13 is defined, by which the impure feed water, or the water to be distilled, is disposed to flow in a flow indicated with arrow B. Reference numeral 14 indicates a preheating space, of which the significance will become apparent later on.
As can be seen in the figure of the column construction 10 of the invention provides at both ends of the heat exchange tubes 12 a hygienic juncture in that the heat exchange tubes 12 have t eAs been joined/by welding or pressing with the flanges 12', using an accepted sealing compound 12". When a technique like this is applied, no microcrevices at all can form.
On the bottom of the column construction 10 is provided a collector chamber 15, in which the distillate accumulates. The mixture I. of vapour and liquid droplets has been disposed to flow by the connector 16 to a droplet separator 17. The droplet separator 17 44 may be any type of droplet separator, for which reason its detailed design is not shown. One droplet separator that can be contemplated is, for instance, the droplet separator based on the centrifugal principle which has been disclosed in Finnish Patents No. 47083 and 61999. The liquid droplets separated in the droplet separator 17 are conducted by the connector 18 in a flow/k to the next column 10' of the distilling apparatus, The flow restriction in the flow line 18 has been denoted with reference numeral 19, 4 The pure vapour is conducted from the droplet separator 17 in a flow A' by the connector 20 to heat exchange tubes of the next column 10' of tiie distilling apparatus. Wherein similar components are denoted by a prime symbol. The vapour generated in tubes and any remaining liquid flows out through a connector 16'.
The pure condensate is conducted from the collector chamber by the connector 21 e.g. to the next column 10' into an equivalent collector chamber 15', or directly to the pure condensate output. The flow restriction provided in the flow line 21 carries the reference numeral 22. The condensate P-0° 0 .o 0 collected in chamber 15' is conducted through a connector 21' to a next column.
0 d As can be seen in the figure of the drawing, in this embodiment the feed water is carried in a flow direction B' I from the preheater of the column construction 10' along pre-heater connector 23 to the preheater 14 of column construction Distilling apparatus units employed in practice may comprise numerous column conscructions 10, 10' etc., in which case the feed water flows in a flow direction through nuierous preheat,rs 14' and is heated by a certain amount in each r4 preheater 14. Thus, the feed water coming to the column construction 10 is already warmed up considerably and less energy is therefore required to evaporate it in the column A51 corstruction 10. The preheating space 14 is defined between the lower flange 12' and the false bottom 24.
In other words, the second structure 10' defines a space 13' trierein having a plurality of heat exchange tubes 12''' extending therethrough and a pre-heater 14' situated in a lower portion thereof, with a connector communicating with the pre-heatel,, I of the second structure 10' for introducing the liquid to bC. distilled into the pre-heater 14' of the second structure 10'. At the same time, the connector 23 communicates with both these pre-heaters 14, 14' for removing the liquid I 4A from the second structure 10' pre-heater 14' and introducing the same into the pre-heater 14 of the first structure The input connector B of the first structure 10 also communicates with the pre-heater space 14 of the first structure 10, whereby the liquid introduced into the first structure 10 through the first input connector B has been appropriately pre-heated.
The principle of the invention is applicable in connection with any type of distilling apparatus, with its evaporators, heat exchangers and boiling spaces. The technique of the invention e" applied in a column construction may equally be applied in °oo condensers of distilling apparatus. In that case the water to V 0 0 be cooled flows on the outside of the tubes, and 1 distillate/pure vapour flows in the tubes of the heat A exchanger.
In the foregoing only the principle solution of the invention has been presented, and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that numerous modifications thereof are feasible within the scope of the inventive idea as defined in the claims t following below.
ZA
Claims (11)
1. Distilling apparatus, comprising a structure defining a space therein, a plurality of heat exchange tubes extending through said space and 'eing joined to said structure at junctures thereof, a first input connector for introducing impure liquid to be distilled communicating with said space, a second input connector for introducing heating vapour communicating with one end of said tubes, a first output connector communicating with said e space for removing a mixture of vapour generated in said structure and remaining liquid which has not vapourized in said structure, and a second output connector communicating with an opposite end of said tubes for removing condensate and any remaining heating vapour, said structure, space, tubes, and connectors being arranged to conduct said heating vapour through said tubes extending through said space, and to conduct said impure liquid to be distilled through said space itself and around said tubes, without formation of any microcrevices at said tube junctures, additionally comprising flanges Joined to both said ends of said heat exchang, tubes at said junctures thereof, a condensate 7lecting chamtber situated underneath said flange joined to a bottom end of said tubes and through which said, tubes and said second output connector communicate, and a distribution chamber situated above said flange joined to a top end of said tubes and through which said tubes and said second, input connector communicate.
2. A distilling apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said structure is in the shape of a column. P 5
3. A distilling apparatus as claimed in claim 1;~ additionally comprising: third and fourth output connectors communicating with said first output connector, said third output connector situated to conduct flow of the vapour generated in said structure, said fourth output connector situated to conduct flow of the remain Lng liquid which has not vaporized in said structure, and means for separating the generated vapour from the remaining liquid which, communicate sai~d f irst output connector with said third and fourth output connectors,
4. A distilling apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein separating means is a droplet separator. f 0 A distilling apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tube junctures are welded junctures of said heat exchange tubes with said flanges.
6. A distilling apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tube junctures arit pressed~ junctures of said heat exchange tubes and flanges, with a sealing compound.
7. A distilling apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said structure is in the shape of a column that is substantially Upright, with said tubes extending therethrough substantially vertically, and additionally comprising a f alse bottom situated in a lower part of said structure, a pre-heater Space defined between said false bottom and said flange joined to a bottom, end of said heat exchange tubes, said tubes extending through said pre-heater space, and means for passing the liquid to be distilled into and out of said prq-heater space prior to introduction into said structure space through said first input connector, 7
8. A distilling apparatus as claimed in claim 1, additionally comprising a condensate collecting chamber situated underneath said flange joined to a bottom end of said tubes and through which said tubes and said second output connector communicate. I I I II 1* tIll 1 I 1111 I lltlI~ I I
9. A distilling apparatus as claimed in claim 3, a "dlli~onally comprising: a sec ond structure defining a space therein with a plurality of heat exchange tubes extending therethrough, w ith said fourth output connector communicating with said space of said second structure, and with said third output connector communicating with said heat exchange tubes of said second structure.
10. A distilling apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said column is substantially upright and said tubes extend, therethrough substantially vertically,
11. A distilling apparatus as claimed in claim wherein said first input connector communicates with a lower portion of said space, and said first output connector communicat+Ies with an upper portion of, said space. 12, A distilling apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said structure comprises a first structure, said first structure additionally comprising a false bottom situated in a lower part of said first structure, and a pre-heater space defined between said false bottom and said flange joined to a bottom end of said heat exchange tubes, a second structure defining a space therewithin with a plurality of heat exchange tubes extending therethrough substantially vertically and a pre-heater spatc.e situated in a lower portion thereof, 2'~.I 2* rY 8 a connector communicating with said pre-heater space of said second structure for introducing the liquid to be distilled into said pre-heater space of said second structure, and a pre-heater connector communicating with both said pre-heater spaces for removing the liquid from said second structure pre-heater space and introducing the same into said pre-heater space of said first structure, and said first input connector communicating with said pre-heater space of said first structure, whereby the liquid introduiced into said first structure through said fi~rst input connector has been pre- heated. 4 .0
13. A distilling apparatus substantially as herein a 1described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawing. 4 4 DATED this 14th day of May, 1990 OY SANTASALO-SOHLBERG AB By Its Patent Attorneys GRIFFITH HACK C0. Fellows Institute of Pateixt Attorneys of Australia 0* 0144 44 4 44 44 44 o444 4 44?u
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI870846 | 1987-02-26 | ||
| FI870846A FI75741C (en) | 1987-02-26 | 1987-02-26 | KOLONNKONSTRUKTION ELLER KOKUTRYMME I EN DESTILLATIONSANORDNING. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1078588A AU1078588A (en) | 1988-09-01 |
| AU600075B2 true AU600075B2 (en) | 1990-08-02 |
Family
ID=8524025
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU10785/88A Ceased AU600075B2 (en) | 1987-02-26 | 1988-01-27 | Column construction or boiling space in a distilling apparatus |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4917771A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0280446B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS63252501A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1031177C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE124282T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU600075B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3854054T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK91888A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI75741C (en) |
| IN (1) | IN169454B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0454531B1 (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1998-01-21 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for the preparation of ultra-pure nitrogen |
| US5126310A (en) * | 1990-08-23 | 1992-06-30 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Highly dispersed cuprous compositions |
| FI94856C (en) * | 1992-10-01 | 1995-11-10 | Finn Aqua Santasalo Sohlberg O | Method and apparatus in a multi-stage distillation machine |
| WO1996001140A1 (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1996-01-18 | Kvaerner Pulping Oy | Evaporator operating according to the falling film principle |
| RU2122456C1 (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1998-11-27 | Кваэрнер Палпинг Ой | Evaporator functioning in agreement with concept of falling film |
| CN1048909C (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 2000-02-02 | 克文纳制浆公司 | Evaporator operating according to the falling film principle |
| US6094523A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2000-07-25 | American Sterilizer Company | Integral flash steam generator |
| CN1074680C (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2001-11-14 | 中国石化齐鲁石油化工公司 | Shell and tube type catalytic distillation equipment |
| CN102350064B (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2013-09-18 | 启东市海永玻璃仪器有限公司 | Glass liquid film evaporator |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU520590B2 (en) * | 1977-09-14 | 1982-02-11 | SNAMPROGFTTI Sp. A | Recovery of water from saline solution |
| AU582449B2 (en) * | 1985-06-18 | 1989-03-23 | Kamyr Inc. | Radial configuration of evaporator heating elements |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US111961A (en) * | 1871-02-21 | Improvement in pumps | ||
| US700374A (en) * | 1901-06-21 | 1902-05-20 | Will K Hale | Distilling apparatus. |
| US1109675A (en) * | 1912-07-31 | 1914-09-08 | Egbert H Gold | Low-pressure steam-heating system. |
| FR457160A (en) * | 1913-04-25 | 1913-09-13 | Edouard Portemont | Improved generator-vaporizer for the rapid and economical concentration of candy juices |
| GB111961A (en) * | 1917-03-14 | 1917-12-20 | Clifford Kilburn Richardson | Improved Combined Condenser and Heat Interchanger. |
| US2117337A (en) * | 1934-11-03 | 1938-05-17 | Lobl Karel | Evaporator |
| US2185595A (en) * | 1936-12-09 | 1940-01-02 | Little Inc A | Distillation method and apparatus |
| US2398184A (en) * | 1941-06-28 | 1946-04-09 | Little Inc A | Apparatus for distillation |
| US2423205A (en) * | 1943-02-02 | 1947-07-01 | Rowntree Joseph Seebohm | Still with vapor separator |
| US2615688A (en) * | 1950-03-28 | 1952-10-28 | Diamond Alkali Co | Heat exchange method |
| US3052452A (en) * | 1957-11-06 | 1962-09-04 | Taga Yoshikazu | Leakage preventing welding connection |
| US3080302A (en) * | 1958-11-04 | 1963-03-05 | Submerged Comb Inc | Process and apparatus for converting non-potable water to potable water |
| US3186924A (en) * | 1961-10-12 | 1965-06-01 | American Mach & Foundry | Flash evaporator |
| US3227630A (en) * | 1963-01-16 | 1966-01-04 | John H Beckman | Flexible thin-walled tubular heat exchanger and still |
| US3317406A (en) * | 1963-05-01 | 1967-05-02 | Kim D Beard | Hot air desalinization apparatus |
| GB1109675A (en) * | 1965-05-07 | 1968-04-10 | Michael Wolfgang Mettenleiter | Heat exchange unit |
| SE320047B (en) * | 1967-11-22 | 1970-02-02 | Rosenlew W & Co Ab Bjoerneborg | |
| JPS59136185A (en) * | 1983-01-22 | 1984-08-04 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Condenser for water desalting device |
| JPS60181587A (en) * | 1984-02-29 | 1985-09-17 | Toshiba Corp | Cascade cycle type heat converting system |
| US4691769A (en) * | 1984-09-05 | 1987-09-08 | Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. | Compression sealing of tubes within shell and tube heat exchanger |
-
1987
- 1987-02-26 FI FI870846A patent/FI75741C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-01-27 AU AU10785/88A patent/AU600075B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-01-28 IN IN64/CAL/88A patent/IN169454B/en unknown
- 1988-02-12 EP EP88301212A patent/EP0280446B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-12 DE DE3854054T patent/DE3854054T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-12 AT AT88301212T patent/ATE124282T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-23 DK DK091888A patent/DK91888A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-02-25 US US07/160,314 patent/US4917771A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-25 CN CN88100799A patent/CN1031177C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-26 JP JP63044091A patent/JPS63252501A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU520590B2 (en) * | 1977-09-14 | 1982-02-11 | SNAMPROGFTTI Sp. A | Recovery of water from saline solution |
| AU582449B2 (en) * | 1985-06-18 | 1989-03-23 | Kamyr Inc. | Radial configuration of evaporator heating elements |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0280446B1 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| EP0280446A2 (en) | 1988-08-31 |
| DE3854054D1 (en) | 1995-08-03 |
| EP0280446A3 (en) | 1989-04-26 |
| FI75741C (en) | 1988-08-08 |
| FI870846A0 (en) | 1987-02-26 |
| ATE124282T1 (en) | 1995-07-15 |
| DK91888A (en) | 1988-08-27 |
| CN1031177C (en) | 1996-03-06 |
| IN169454B (en) | 1991-10-19 |
| DK91888D0 (en) | 1988-02-23 |
| DE3854054T2 (en) | 1996-03-14 |
| AU1078588A (en) | 1988-09-01 |
| CN88100799A (en) | 1988-09-07 |
| JPS63252501A (en) | 1988-10-19 |
| US4917771A (en) | 1990-04-17 |
| FI75741B (en) | 1988-04-29 |
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